Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| influence of a family 29 carbohydrate binding module on the activity of galactose oxidase from fusarium graminearum. | galactose oxidase (gao) selectively oxidizes the primary hydroxyl of galactose to a carbonyl, facilitating targeted chemical derivatization of galactose-containing polysaccharides, leading to renewable polymers with tailored physical and chemical properties. here we investigate the impact of a family 29 glucomannan binding module on the activity and binding of gao towards various polysaccharides. specifically, cbm29-1-2 from piromyces equi was separately linked to the n- and c-termini of gao. | 2016 | 26518347 |
| tafrog encodes a pooideae orphan protein that interacts with snrk1 and enhances resistance to the mycotoxigenic fungus fusarium graminearum. | all genomes encode taxonomically restricted orphan genes, and the vast majority are of unknown function. there is growing evidence that such genes play an important role in the environmental adaptation of taxa. we report the functional characterization of an orphan gene (triticum aestivum fusarium resistance orphan gene [tafrog]) as a component of resistance to the globally important wheat (t. aestivum) disease, fusarium head blight. tafrog is taxonomically restricted to the grass subfamily pooi ... | 2015 | 26508775 |
| bacterial endophytes from wild maize suppress fusarium graminearum in modern maize and inhibit mycotoxin accumulation. | wild maize (teosinte) has been reported to be less susceptible to pests than their modern maize (corn) relatives. endophytes, defined as microbes that inhabit plants without causing disease, are known for their ability to antagonize plant pests and pathogens. we hypothesized that the wild relatives of modern maize may host endophytes that combat pathogens. fusarium graminearum is the fungus that causes gibberella ear rot (ger) in modern maize and produces the mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol (don). in ... | 2015 | 26500660 |
| the shewanella algae strain ym8 produces volatiles with strong inhibition activity against aspergillus pathogens and aflatoxins. | aflatoxigenic aspergillus fungi and associated aflatoxins are ubiquitous in the production and storage of food/feed commodities. controlling these microbes is a challenge. in this study, the shewanella algae strain ym8 was found to produce volatiles that have strong antifungal activity against aspergillus pathogens. gas chromatography-mass spectrometry profiling revealed 15 volatile organic compounds (vocs) emitted from ym8, of which dimethyl trisulfide was the most abundant. we obtained authent ... | 2015 | 26500631 |
| intra-strains diversity of expression of polymorphic pks4 gene in comparison in zearalenone production by fusarium graminearum during in vitro cultivation. | filamentous fungi belonging to the fusarium genus are responsible for large economic losses due to their high pathogenicity and toxigenicity. fusarium sp. may produce variety of mycotoxins, one of them is zearalenone (zea). the presence of the pks4 gene shows the possibility of zearalenone biosynthesis by fusarium sp. in this study, in four fusarium graminearum and one fusarium poae strains the presence of pks4 genes and zea concentrations were determined. the presence of the pks4 gene was confi ... | 2016 | 26495440 |
| metabolomics to decipher the chemical defense of cereals against fusarium graminearum and deoxynivalenol accumulation. | fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of fusarium head blight (fhb) and gibberella ear rot (ger), two devastating diseases of wheat, barley, and maize. furthermore, f. graminearum species can produce type b trichothecene mycotoxins that accumulate in grains. use of fhb and ger resistant cultivars is one of the most promising strategies to reduce damage induced by f. graminearum. combined with genetic approaches, metabolomic ones can provide powerful opportunities for plant breeding through th ... | 2015 | 26492237 |
| genome-wide transcriptional profiling of wheat infected with fusarium graminearum. | fusarium head blight (fhb) is a destructive disease in wheat caused by fusarium graminearum (f. g). it infects during the flowering stage favored by warm and highly humid climates. in order to understand possible wheat defense mechanism, gene expression analysis in response to f. g was undertaken in three genotypes of wheat, japanese landrace cultivar nobeokabouzu (highly resistant), chinese cv. sumai 3 (resistant) and australian cv. gamenya (susceptible). for microarray analysis, 3 and 7 days a ... | 2015 | 26484265 |
| fusarium graminearum produces different xylanases causing host cell death that is prevented by the xylanase inhibitors xip-i and taxi-iii in wheat. | to shed light on the role of xylanase inhibitors (xis) during fusarium graminearum infection, we first demonstrated that three out of four f. graminearum xylanases, in addition to their xylan degrading activity, have also the capacity to cause host cell death both in cell suspensions and wheat spike tissue. subsequently, we demonstrated that taxi-iii and xip-i prevented both the enzyme and host cell death activities of f. graminearum xylanases. in particular, we showed that the enzymatic inhibit ... | 2015 | 26475196 |
| effects of temperature and moisture on development of fusarium graminearum perithecia in maize stalk residues. | fusarium graminearum is the predominant component of the fusarium head blight complex of wheat. f. graminearum ascospores, which initiate head infection, mature in perithecia on crop residues and become airborne. the effects of temperature (t) and moisture on perithecium production and maturation and on ascospore production on maize stalk residues were determined. in the laboratory, perithecia were produced at temperatures between 5 and 30°c (the optimum was 21.7°c) but matured only at 20 and 25 ... | 2015 | 26475114 |
| synthesis of heterocycle-attached methylidenebenzenesulfonohydrazones as antifungal agents. | a series of heterocycle-attached methylidenebenzenesulfonohydrazone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their antifungal activities against seven phytopathogenic fungi such as fusarium graminearum, alternaria solani, valsa mali, phytophthora capsici, fusarium solani, botrytis cinerea, and glomerella cingulata. compounds 7b, 8d, 9a, 9b and 9d exhibited a good and broad-spectrum of antifungal activities against at least five phytopathogenic fungi at the concentration of 100 μg/ml. it de ... | 2015 | 26471091 |
| transcription factor art1 mediates starch hydrolysis and mycotoxin production in fusarium graminearum and f. verticillioides. | molecular mechanisms underlying the responses to environmental factors, such as nitrogen, carbon and ph, involve components that regulate the production of secondary metabolites, including mycotoxins. in this study, we identified and characterized a gene in the fgsg_02083 locus, designated as fgart1, which was predicted to encode a zn(ii)2 cys6 zinc finger transcription factor. an fgart1 deletion mutant of fusarium graminearum exhibited impaired starch hydrolysis as a result of significantly red ... | 2016 | 26456718 |
| real-time imaging of hydrogen peroxide dynamics in vegetative and pathogenic hyphae of fusarium graminearum. | balanced dynamics of reactive oxygen species in the phytopathogenic fungus fusarium graminearum play key roles for development and infection. to monitor those dynamics, ratiometric analysis using the novel hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) sensitive fluorescent indicator protein hyper-2 was established for the first time in phytopathogenic fungi. h2o2 changes the excitation spectrum of hyper-2 with an excitation maximum at 405 nm for the reduced and 488 nm for the oxidized state, facilitating ratiometric ... | 2015 | 26446493 |
| joint transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal changes in the primary metabolism and imbalances in the subgenome orchestration in the bread wheat molecular response to fusarium graminearum. | fusarium head blight is a prevalent disease of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.), which leads to considerable losses in yield and quality. quantitative resistance to the causative fungus fusarium graminearum is poorly understood. we integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics data to dissect the molecular response to the fungus and its main virulence factor, the toxin deoxynivalenol in near-isogenic lines segregating for two resistance quantitative trait loci, fhb1 and qfhs.ifa-5a. the data set ... | 2015 | 26438291 |
| synthesis and in vitro antifungal efficacy of oleoyl-chitosan nanoparticles against plant pathogenic fungi. | an antifungal dispersion system was prepared by oleoyl-chitosan (o-chitosan) nanoparticles, and the antifungal activity against several plant pathogenic fungi was investigated. under scanning electron microscopy, the nanoparticles formulation appeared to be uniform with almost spherical shape. the particle size of nanoparticles was around 296.962 nm. transmission electron microscopy observation showed that nanoparticles could be well distributed in potato dextrose agar medium. mycelium growth ex ... | 2016 | 26434526 |
| re-examination of genetic and nutritional factors related to trichothecene biosynthesis in fusarium graminearum. | disruption of two fusarium genes that negatively regulate trichothecene biosynthesis was reported to cause a drastic increase in trichothecene production. however, careful inspection of these genes revealed that neither was significantly related to trichothecene production. agmatine medium maintained the expression of trichothecene genes at significant levels, resulting in a 2-3-fold increase in the final yield, as compared to glutamine medium. | 2016 | 26413981 |
| effects of weather variables on ascospore discharge from fusarium graminearum perithecia. | fusarium graminearum is a predominant component of the fusarium head blight (fhb) complex of small grain cereals. ascosporic infection plays a relevant role in the spread of the disease. a 3-year study was conducted on ascospore discharge. to separate the effect of weather on discharge from the effect of weather on the production and maturation of ascospores in perithecia, discharge was quantified with a volumetric spore sampler placed near maize stalk residues bearing perithecia with mature asc ... | 2015 | 26402063 |
| antagonistic activity of ocimum sanctum l. essential oil on growth and zearalenone production by fusarium graminearum in maize grains. | the present study was aimed to establish the antagonistic effects of ocimum sanctum l. essential oil (oseo) on growth and zearalenone (zea) production of fusarium graminearum. gc-ms chemical profiling of oseo revealed the existence of 43 compounds and the major compound was found to be eugenol (34.7%). dpph free radical scavenging activity (ic50) of oseo was determined to be 8.5 μg/ml. minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration of oseo on f. graminearum were recorded a ... | 2015 | 26388846 |
| extraction, identification and antimicrobial activity of a new furanone, grifolaone a, from grifola frondosa. | a furanone (1), (s)-methyl 2-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)acetate, was isolated from the edible mushroom grifola frondosa. mass spectrometry and nmr analyses were used to elucidate the structure of this compound, and its absolute configuration was determined using circular dichroism spectroscopy. compound 1 exhibited specific antifungal activity against the plant pathogens, fusarium oxysporum, gibberella zeae and piricularia oryzae and the opportunistic human pathogen, pse ... | 2016 | 26374926 |
| engineering of corynebacterium glutamicum for growth and succinate production from levoglucosan, a pyrolytic sugar substrate. | thermochemical processing provides continuous production of bio-oils from lignocellulosic biomass. levoglucosan, a pyrolytic sugar substrate c6h10o5 in a bio-oil, has been used for ethanol production using engineered escherichia coli. here we provide the first example for succinate production from levoglucosan with corynebacterium glutamicum, a well-known industrial amino acid producer. heterologous expression of a gene encoding a sugar kinase from lipomyces starkeyi, gibberella zeae or pseudomo ... | 2015 | 26363018 |
| antifungal activity of a synthetic cationic peptide against the plant pathogens colletotrichum graminicola and three fusarium species. | a small cationic peptide (jh8944) was tested for activity against a number of pathogens of agricultural crops. jh8944 inhibited conidium growth in most of the tested plant pathogens with a dose of 50 μg/ml, although one isolate of fusarium oxysporum was inhibited at 5 μg/ml of jh8944. most conidia of fusarium graminearum were killed within 6 hours of treatment with 50 μg/ml of jh8944. germinating f. graminearum conidia required 238 μg/ml of jh8944 for 90% growth inhibition. the peptide did not c ... | 2015 | 26361481 |
| impact of post-anthesis rainfall, fungicide and harvesting time on the concentration of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in wheat. | field experiments were conducted to identify the impact of post-anthesis rainfall on the concentration of deoxynivalenol (don) and zearalenone (zon) in harvested wheat grain. winter wheat plots were inoculated with fusarium graminearum at stem extension (gs31) and prothioconazole was applied at mid-anthesis (gs65) to split plots and plots were subsequently mist irrigated for 5 days. plots were either covered by polytunnels, irrigated by sprinklers or left as non-irrigated uncovered control plots ... | 2015 | 26361223 |
| genetic diversity of fusarium graminearum sensu lato isolates from wheat associated with fusarium head blight in diverse geographic locations of argentina. | fusarium head blight is an important wheat disease in the argentine pampas region, being fusarium graminearum the predominant pathogen. dna polymorphism of the isolates was analyzed by igs-rflp and issr. igs-rflp and issr profiling were carried out using six endonucleases and eight primers, respectively. igs-rflp yielded 41 bands, 30 of which were polymorphic while issr produced 87 bands with 47 polymorphic bands. both markers showed genetic variability among the analyzed isolates; however, igs- ... | 2015 | 26343390 |
| fgric8 is involved in regulating vegetative growth, conidiation, deoxynivalenol production and virulence in fusarium graminearum. | proteins of the resistance to inhibitors of cholinesterase 8 (ric8) group act as guanine nucleotide exchange factors (gefs) and play important roles in regulating g-protein signaling in animals. in filamentous fungi, putative ric8 orthologs have so far been identified in magnaporthe oryzae, neurospora crassa, aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus fumigatus. here, we report the functional investigation of a potential ric8 ortholog (fgric8) in the wheat head blight pathogen fusarium graminearum. ta ... | 2015 | 26341536 |
| distinct cell cycle regulation during saprophytic and pathogenic growth in fungal pathogens. | in a number of dimorphic and hemibiotrophic pathogens, cell cycle regulation has been shown to be important for morphological changes related to infectious growth or infection-related morphogenesis. however, the role of mitotic cdk kinase cdc2, the key regulator of cell cycle, in pathogenic growth is not clear, because most fungal pathogens have a single cdc2 gene that is essential for cell cycle progression and viability. interestingly, the wheat scab fungus fusarium graminearum has two cdc2 ge ... | 2016 | 26337287 |
| a large-scale functional analysis of putative target genes of mating-type loci provides insight into the regulation of sexual development of the cereal pathogen fusarium graminearum. | fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of fusarium head blight in cereal crops, produces sexual progeny (ascospore) as an important overwintering and dissemination strategy for completing the disease cycle. this homothallic ascomycetous species does not require a partner for sexual mating; instead, it carries two opposite mating-type (mat) loci in a single nucleus to control sexual development. to gain a comprehensive understanding of the regulation of sexual development in f. graminearum, we us ... | 2015 | 26334536 |
| insights into triticum aestivum seedling root rot caused by fusarium graminearum. | fusarium graminearum is one of the most common and potent fungal pathogens of wheat (triticum aestivum), known for causing devastating spike infections and grain yield damage. f. graminearum is a typical soil-borne pathogen that builds up during consecutive cereal cropping. speculation on systemic colonization of cereals by f. graminearum root infection have long existed but have not been proven. we have assessed the fusarium root rot disease macroscopically in a diverse set of 12 wheat genotype ... | 2015 | 26325125 |
| effects of phospholipase c on fusarium graminearum growth and development. | phospholipase c (plc) plays important roles in regulating various biological processes in eukaryotes. currently, little is known about the function of plc in filamentous fungi, especially the plant pathogenic fungi. fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of fusarium head blight in many cereal crops. blast search revealed that fusarium genome contains six fgplc genes. using quantitative rt-pcr, different fgplc gene expressions in mycelia were analyzed. to investigate the role of fgplc in f. gra ... | 2015 | 26316232 |
| disruption of the gaba shunt affects mitochondrial respiration and virulence in the cereal pathogen fusarium graminearum. | the cereal pathogen fusarium graminearum threatens food and feed production worldwide. it reduces the yield and poisons the remaining kernels with mycotoxins, notably deoxynivalenol (don). we analyzed the importance of gamma-aminobutanoic acid (gaba) metabolism for the life cycle of this fungal pathogen. gaba metabolism in f. graminearum is partially regulated by the global nitrogen regulator area. genetic disruption of the gaba shunt by deletion of two gaba transaminases renders the pathogen un ... | 2015 | 26305050 |
| a γ-lactamase from cereal infecting fusarium spp. catalyses the first step in the degradation of the benzoxazolinone class of phytoalexins. | the benzoxazolinone class of phytoalexins are released by wheat, maize, rye and other agriculturally important species in the poaceae family upon pathogen attack. benzoxazolinones show antimicrobial effects on plant pathogens, but certain fungi have evolved mechanisms to actively detoxify these compounds which may contribute to the virulence of the pathogens. in many fusarium spp. a cluster of genes is thought to be involved in the detoxification of benzoxazolinones. however, only one enzyme enc ... | 2015 | 26296598 |
| 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2h-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4h)-one (dimboa) inhibits trichothecene production by fusarium graminearum through suppression of tri6 expression. | fusarium head blight (fhb) is a devastating disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) caused by a mycotoxigenic fungus fusarium graminearum resulting in significantly decreased yields and accumulation of toxic trichothecenes in grains. we tested 7 major secondary metabolites from wheat for their effect on trichothecene production in liquid cultures of f. graminearum producing trichothecene 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-adon). 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2h-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4h)-one (dimboa) benzoxazinoid ... | 2015 | 26276561 |
| early events induced by the toxin deoxynivalenol lead to programmed cell death in nicotiana tabacum cells. | deoxynivalenol (don) is a mycotoxin affecting animals and plants. this toxin synthesized by fusarium culmorum and fusarium graminearum is currently believed to play a decisive role in the fungal phytopathogenesis as a virulence factor. using cultured cells of nicotiana tabacum by2, we showed that don-induced programmed cell death (pcd) could require transcription and translation processes, in contrast to what was observed in animal cells. don could induce different cross-linked pathways involvin ... | 2015 | 26259183 |
| fgcdc14 regulates cytokinesis, morphogenesis, and pathogenesis in fusarium graminearum. | members of cdc14 phosphatases are common in animals and fungi, but absent in plants. although its orthologs are conserved in plant pathogenic fungi, their functions during infection are not clear. in this study, we showed that the cdc14 ortholog is important for pathogenesis and morphogenesis in fusarium graminearum. fgcdc14 is required for normal cell division and septum formation and fgcdc14 possesses phosphatase activity with specificity for a subset of cdk-type phosphorylation sites. the fgc ... | 2015 | 26256689 |
| leucine metabolism regulates tri6 expression and affects deoxynivalenol production and virulence in fusarium graminearum. | tri6 is a positive regulator of the trichothecene gene cluster and the production of trichothecene mycotoxins [deoxynivalenol (don)] and acetylated forms such as 15-acetyl-don) in the cereal pathogen fusarium graminearum. as a global transcriptional regulator, tri6 expression is modulated by nitrogen-limiting conditions, sources of nitrogen and carbon, ph and light. however, the mechanism by which these diverse environmental factors affect tri6 expression remains underexplored. in our effort to ... | 2015 | 26248604 |
| precocene ii, a trichothecene production inhibitor, binds to voltage-dependent anion channel and increases the superoxide level in mitochondria of fusarium graminearum. | precocene ii, a constituent of essential oils, shows antijuvenile hormone activity in insects and inhibits trichothecene production in fungi. we investigated the molecular mechanism by which precocene ii inhibits trichothecene production in fusarium graminearum, the main causal agent of fusarium head blight and trichothecene contamination in grains. voltage-dependent anion channel (vdac), a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, was identified as the precocene ii-binding protein by an affinity ma ... | 2015 | 26248339 |
| histone h3k4 methylation regulates hyphal growth, secondary metabolism and multiple stress responses in fusarium graminearum. | histone h3 lysine 4 methylation (h3k4me) is generally associated with actively transcribed genes in a variety of eukaryotes. the function of h3k4me in phytopathogenic fungi remains unclear. here, we report that fgset1 is predominantly responsible for mono-, di- and trimethylation of h3k4 in fusarium graminearum. the fgset1 deletion mutant (δfgset1) was crippled in hyphal growth and virulence. h3k4me is required for the active transcription of genes involved in deoxynivalenol and aurofusarin bios ... | 2015 | 26234386 |
| effect of disrupting the trichothecene efflux pump encoded by fgtri12 in the nivalenol chemotype of fusarium graminearum. | 2015 | 26227913 | |
| transgenic wheat expressing a barley udp-glucosyltransferase detoxifies deoxynivalenol and provides high levels of resistance to fusarium graminearum. | fusarium head blight (fhb), mainly caused by fusarium graminearum, is a devastating disease of wheat that results in economic losses worldwide. during infection, f. graminearum produces trichothecene mycotoxins, including deoxynivalenol (don), that increase fungal virulence and reduce grain quality. transgenic wheat expressing a barley udp-glucosyltransferase (hvugt13248) were developed and evaluated for fhb resistance, don accumulation, and the ability to metabolize don to the less toxic don-3- ... | 2015 | 26214711 |
| characterization of rna silencing components in the plant pathogenic fungus fusarium graminearum. | the rna interference (rnai) plays a critical role in gene regulation in a variety of eukaryotic organisms. however, the role of rnai remains largely unclear in plant pathogenic fungi. in this study, we explored the roles of core components of the rnai pathway in fusarium graminearum, the major causal agent of wheat head blight. our results demonstrated that the hairpin rna (hprna) can efficiently silence the expression level of target gene, and the argonaute protein fgago1 and dicer protein fgdi ... | 2015 | 26212591 |
| identification of genes induced by fusarium graminearum inoculation in the resistant durum wheat line langdon(dic-3a)10 and the susceptible parental line langdon. | the wheat recombinant chromosome inbred line ldn(dic-3a)10, obtained through introgression of a triticum dicoccoides disomic chromosome 3a fragment into triticum turgidum spp. durum var. langdon, is resistant to fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium graminearum. to identify genes involved in fhb resistance, we used a cdna-aflp approach to compare gene expression between ldn(dic-3a)10 and the susceptible parental line ldn at different time points post-inoculation. in total, 85 out of the ... | 2015 | 26211966 |
| conjunctively screening of biocontrol agents (bcas) against fusarium root rot and fusarium head blight caused by fusarium graminearum. | fusarium root-rot and fusarium head blight are plant diseases caused by fusarium sp. in different growth periods of wheat, bring heavy losses to crop production in china. this research is aiming to screen biocontrol agents conjunctively for controlling these two diseases at the same time, as well as evaluate our previous bcas (biological control agents) screening strategies in more complex situation, considering biocontrol is well concerned as an environmental-friendly plant disease controlling ... | 2015 | 26211964 |
| identification and bioactivity of compounds from the mangrove endophytic fungus alternaria sp. | racemic new cyclohexenone and cyclopentenone derivatives, (±)-(4r*,5s*,6s*)-3-amino-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-methoxy-5-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one (1) and (±)-(4s*,5s*)-2,4,5-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-4-methoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one (2), and two new xanthone derivatives 4-chloro-1,5-dihydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-6-methoxycarbonyl-xanthen-9-one (3) and 2,8-dimethoxy-1,6-dimethoxycarbonyl-xanthen-9-one (4), along with one known compound, fischexanthone (5), were isolated from the culture of the mang ... | 2015 | 26204946 |
| the completed genome sequence of the pathogenic ascomycete fungus fusarium graminearum. | accurate genome assembly and gene model annotation are critical for comparative species and gene functional analyses. here we present the completed genome sequence and annotation of the reference strain ph-1 of fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of head scab disease of small grain cereals which threatens global food security. completion was achieved by combining (a) the broad sanger sequenced draft, with (b) the gene predictions from munich information services for protein sequences (mips) v ... | 2015 | 26198851 |
| exploring the potentialities of an improved ultrasound-assisted quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe-based extraction technique combined with ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection for determination of zearalenone in cereals. | zearalenone (zea), a secondary metabolite from fusarium graminearum fungi that invade crops and grow during blooming in moist cool field conditions, is a nonsteroidal oestrogen, biologically very potent, although hardly toxic. different analytical methods, among which a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (quechers) strategy, combined with or liquid chromatography, have been proposed for zea determination in foods. however, this extraction procedure has the disadvantage of using larg ... | 2015 | 26195037 |
| a new sesquiterpene from the entomogenous fungus phomopsis amygdali. | a new sesquiterpene, (+)-s-1-methyl-abscisic-6-acid (1), together with five known compounds, (+)-s-abscisic acid (2), fusicoccin j (3), 3α-hydroxyfusicoccin j (4), (r)-5-hydroxymethylmellein (5) and 4-hydroxyphenethyl acetate (6) was isolated from the fermentation extract of phomopsis amygdali, an entomogenous fungus isolated from call midge. their structures were determined mainly by analysis of ms and nmr spectroscopic data. compounds 1-6 were tested for antimicrobial activity against three pl ... | 2016 | 26181224 |
| rab gtpases are essential for membrane trafficking-dependent growth and pathogenicity in fusarium graminearum. | rab gtpases represent the largest subfamily of ras-related small gtpases and regulate membrane trafficking. vesicular transport is a general mechanism that governs intracellular membrane trafficking along the endocytic and exocytic pathways in all eukaryotic cells. fusarium graminearum is a filamentous fungus and causes the devastating and economically important head blight of wheat and related species. the mechanism of vesicular transport is not well understood, and little is known about rab gt ... | 2015 | 26177389 |
| synthesis and antifungal activity evaluation of new heterocycle containing amide derivatives. | a series of heterocycle containing amide derivatives (1-28) were synthesised by the combination of acyl chlorides (1a, 2a) and heterocyclic/homocyclic ring containing amines, and their in vitro antifungal activity was evaluated against five plant pathogenic fungi, namely gibberella zeae, helminthosporium maydis, rhizoctonia solani, botrytis cinerea and sclerotinia sclerotiorum. results of antifungal activity analysis indicated that some of the products showed good to excellent antifungal activit ... | 2016 | 26140452 |
| correction: the mat locus genes play different roles in sexual reproduction and pathogenesis in fusarium graminearum. | 2015 | 26132580 | |
| the potential protein kinase a (pka) phosphorylation site is required for the function of fgsge1 in fusarium graminearum. | the new transcription factor sge1 has garnered much attention in filamentous fungi recently, which highlights its role in pathogenicity, conidiation, and the production of secondary metabolites. in this study, we demonstrated that fgsge1 is localized in the nucleus in fusarium graminearum using fluorescent protein gfp. mutants containing a t67a mutation within the potential protein kinase a (pka) phosphorylation site of fgsge1 exhibited a significant decrease in conidiation and dramatically impa ... | 2015 | 26130440 |
| diversity of fusarium head blight populations and trichothecene toxin types reveals regional differences in pathogen composition and temporal dynamics. | analyses of genetic diversity, trichothecene genotype composition, and population structure were conducted using 4086 fusarium graminearum isolates collected from wheat in eight canadian provinces over a three year period between 2005 and 2007. the results revealed substantial regional differences in fusarium head blight pathogen composition and temporal population dynamics. the 3adon trichothecene type consistently predominated in maritime provinces (91%) over the sampled years, and increased s ... | 2015 | 26127017 |
| indole alkaloids from chaetomium globosum. | two new indole alkaloids chaetocochin j (1) and chaetoglobinol a (8), along with chetomin (2), chetoseminudin a (3), cochliodinol (9), and semicochliodinol (10), were isolated from the rice culture of the fungus chaetomium globosum. their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis. three new epipolythiodioxopiperazines, chaetocochins g-i (5-7), were identified by the combination of uplc and mass spectrometric analysis. chaetocochin i contained two sulfur bridges, one formed by three sulfur ... | 2015 | 26125976 |
| intraspecies interaction of fusarium graminearum contributes to reduced toxin production and virulence. | fusarium graminearum is a pathogenic fungus that causes fusarium head blight in wheat and lowers the yield and quality of grains by contamination with the trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol. the fungi coexist and interact with several different fusaria as well as other plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria in the field. in canada, f. graminearum exists as two main trichothecene chemotypes: 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol. to understand the potential interactions between two ... | 2015 | 26125491 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole derivatives as fungicides against phytopathogenic fungi. | eighteen hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated their in vitro antifungal activities against five phytopathogenic fungal strains through the mycelium growth rate method. analysis of the structure-activity relationship on these synthesized compounds revealed that the introduction of benzyl or substituted benzyl group at the c-3a or n-8 position of the pyrroloindoline scaffold conferred higher antifungal activity against all tested phytopathogenic fungi than compo ... | 2015 | 26119112 |
| population subdivision of fusarium graminearum from barley and wheat in the upper midwestern united states at the turn of the century. | fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of fusarium head blight (fhb) in wheat and barley, is one of the most economically destructive pathogens of these grains worldwide. recent population genetic studies of the pathogen obtained from wheat in north america supported population subdivision in part correlated with the spectrum of trichothecene mycotoxins (chemotype) produced by individuals within each population. in contrast, a recent study of f. graminearum obtained from diseased barley in the u ... | 2015 | 26107972 |
| development of an fgmito assay: a highly sensitive mitochondrial based qpcr assay for quantification of fusarium graminearum sensu stricto. | an ascomycete fungus, fusarium graminearum sensu stricto (s.s.), is the major cause of fusarium head blight (fhb), a devastating disease of cereals worldwide. the fungus contaminates crops with mycotoxins, which pose a serious threat to food and feed safety. in this study, we developed a highly sensitive mitochondrial based qpcr assay (fgmito qpcr) for quantification of f. graminearum s.s. to ensure high sensitivity of the assay, primers and a minor-groove binding (mgb) probe were designed based ... | 2015 | 26087129 |
| two cdc2 kinase genes with distinct functions in vegetative and infectious hyphae in fusarium graminearum. | eukaryotic cell cycle involves a number of protein kinases important for the onset and progression through mitosis, most of which are well characterized in the budding and fission yeasts and conserved in other fungi. however, unlike the model yeast and filamentous fungi that have a single cdc2 essential for cell cycle progression, the wheat scab fungus fusarium graminearum contains two cdc2 orthologs. the cdc2a and cdc2b mutants had no obvious defects in growth rate and conidiation but deletion ... | 2015 | 26083253 |
| benzene derivatives produced by fusarium graminearum - short communication. | using nmr spectroscopy benzene derivatives were detected in mycelia of fusarium graminearum, a pathogen of wheat and maize. in previous studies f. graminearum was found to cause cancer to humans and benzene derivatives were detected in breath of cancer sufferers. surprisingly, no study found benzene derivatives to be the cancerous agents in f. graminearum. in this study we detected benzene derivatives in f. graminearum and propose to study their role as cancer agents. | 2015 | 26081280 |
| facilitation of fusarium graminearum infection by 9-lipoxygenases in arabidopsis and wheat. | fusarium graminearum causes fusarium head blight, an important disease of wheat. f. graminearum can also cause disease in arabidopsis thaliana. here, we show that the arabidopsis lox1 and lox5 genes, which encode 9-lipoxygenases (9-loxs), are targeted during this interaction to facilitate infection. lox1 and lox5 expression were upregulated in f. graminearum-inoculated plants and loss of lox1 or lox5 function resulted in enhanced disease resistance in the corresponding mutant plants. the enhance ... | 2015 | 26075826 |
| paenibacillus polymyxa a26 sfp-type pptase inactivation limits bacterial antagonism against fusarium graminearum but not of f. culmorum in kernel assay. | fusarium graminearum and f. culmorum are the causing agents of a destructive disease known as fusarium head blight (fhb). fhb is a re-emerging disease in small grain cereals which impairs both the grain yield and the quality. most serious consequence is the contamination of grain with fusarium mycotoxins that are severe threat to humans and animals. biological control has been suggested as one of the integrated management strategies to control fhb. paenibacillus polymyxa is considered as a promi ... | 2015 | 26074934 |
| maize embryo sac family peptides interact differentially with pollen tubes and fungal cells. | embryo sac1-4 (es1-4) peptides belong to the defensin subgroup of cysteine-rich peptides known to mediate pollen tube burst in zea mays (maize). es1-4 are reported here to also be capable of inhibiting germination and growth of the maize fungal pathogens fusarium graminearum and ustilago maydis at higher concentrations. dividing the peptides into smaller pieces showed that a 15-amino-acid peptide located in a highly variable loop region lacking similarity to other defensins or defensin-like pept ... | 2015 | 26071527 |
| description and prevalence of a putative novel mycovirus within the conifer pathogen gremmeniella abietina. | the european race of gremmeniella abietina (lagerberg) morelet is the causal agent of stem canker and shoot blight on numerous conifers in europe and north america. it comprises different species and biotypes in which the presence of mycoviruses has been determined. in this report, we describe the full-length sequence of the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) of a putative novel virus, gremmeniella abietina rna virus 6 (garv6), with 2165 nt and a gc content of 54.7 %. a blastp search using the ... | 2015 | 26047648 |
| autoregulation of zeb2 expression for zearalenone production in fusarium graminearum. | several fusarium species produce the polyketide mycotoxin zearalenone (zea), a causative agent of hyperestrogenic syndrome in animals that is often found in f. graminearum-infected cereals in temperate regions. the zea biosynthetic cluster genes pks4, pks13, zeb1 and zeb2 encode a reducing polyketide synthase, a non-reducing polyketide synthase, an isoamyl alcohol oxidase and a transcription factor respectively. in this study, the production of two isoforms (zeb2l and zeb2s) from the zeb2 gene i ... | 2015 | 26036360 |
| geneticin (g418) resistance and electroporation-mediated transformation of fusarium graminearum and f. culmorum. | fusarium graminearum and f. culmorum are phytopathogenic species causing scab and root rot diseases in all small grain cereals worldwide including turkey. in this study, resistance levels to geneticin (g418) of 14 f. graminearum and 24 f. culmorum isolates collected from cereals were determined. fungal cultures were grown on potato dextrose agar medium supplemented with 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 µg/ml of g418. minimum inhibitory concentration was determined as 25 µg/ml. as a result, it was concluded ... | 2015 | 26019640 |
| the omics era of fusarium graminearum: opportunities and challenges. | 2015 | 26017464 | |
| molecular characterization of a novel positive-sense, single-stranded rna mycovirus infecting the plant pathogenic fungus sclerotinia sclerotiorum. | recent studies have demonstrated that a diverse array of mycoviruses infect the plant pathogenic fungus sclerotinia sclerotiorum. here, we report the molecular characterization of a newly identified mycovirus, sclerotinia sclerotiorum fusarivirus 1 (ssfv1), which was isolated from a sclerotia-defective strain jmtj14 of s. sclerotiorum. excluding a poly (a) tail, the genome of ssfv1 comprises 7754 nucleotides (nts) in length with 83 and 418 nts for 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions, respectively. s ... | 2015 | 26008696 |
| focvel1 influences asexual production, filamentous growth, biofilm formation, and virulence in fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. | velvet genes play critical roles in the regulation of diverse cellular processes. in current study, we identified the gene focvel1, a homolog of fusarium graminearum vela, in the plant pathogenic fungus f. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. this pathogen causes the destructive disease called cucumber fusarium wilt (cfw), which severely affects the production and marketing of this vegetable worldwide. transcript analyses revealed high expression of focvel1 during conidiophore development. disruption o ... | 2015 | 25999976 |
| genome-wide analysis in three fusarium pathogens identifies rapidly evolving chromosomes and genes associated with pathogenicity. | pathogens and hosts are in an ongoing arms race and genes involved in host-pathogen interactions are likely to undergo diversifying selection. fusarium plant pathogens have evolved diverse infection strategies, but how they interact with their hosts in the biotrophic infection stage remains puzzling. to address this, we analyzed the genomes of three fusarium plant pathogens for genes that are under diversifying selection. we found a two-speed genome structure both on the chromosome and gene grou ... | 2015 | 25994930 |
| δ10(e)-sphingolipid desaturase involved in fusaruside mycosynthesis and stress adaptation in fusarium graminearum. | sphingolipids are biologically important and structurally distinct cell membrane components. fusaruside (1) is a 10,11-unsaturated immunosuppressive fungal sphingolipid with medical potentials for treating liver injury and colitis, but its poor natural abundance bottlenecks its druggability. here, fusaruside is clarified biosynthetically, and its efficacy-related 10,11-double bond can be generated under the regioselective catalysis of an unprecedented δ10(e)-sphingolipid desaturase (δ10(e)-sd). ... | 2015 | 25994332 |
| fusarium sambucinum asta gene expressed during potato infection is a functional orthologue of aspergillus nidulans asta. | sulfate assimilation plays a vital role in prototrophic organisms. orthologues of the alternative sulfate transporter (asta) gene from aspergillus nidulans were identified in the fungal plant pathogens fusarium sambucinum and fusarium graminearum. by physiological and biochemical analyses, the asta orthologues were determined to be able to uptake sulfate from the environment. similarly to asta in a. nidulans, the fsasta gene was found to be regulated by sulfur metabolite repression (smr) in a su ... | 2015 | 25986548 |
| natural products as sources of new fungicides (ii): antiphytopathogenic activity of 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl ethanone derivatives. | a series of 17 simple 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl) ethanones were synthesised, and their structures characterised by (1)h, (13)c nmr and esi-ms. their in vitro antifungal activities were evaluated against five phytopathogenic fungi including glomerella cingulate, botrytis cirerea, fusarium graminearum, curvularia lunata and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum by the mycelial growth inhibition assay. compounds 2g and 2h exhibited broad-spectrum inhibitory activity against the mycelial growth of the ... | 2016 | 25978007 |
| fungi and the natural occurrence of deoxynivalenol and fumonisins in malting barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | the industrial use of barley grain has experienced continuous growth, mainly due to its economic importance for malt production. from a technological perspective, fungal persistence can reduce product marketability and cause economic losses. in this sense, the aim of the present study was to determine the presence and identification of mycoflora and the occurrence of deoxynivalenol (don) and fumonisins (fbs) in malting barley. the samples presented a low count of fungal colonies, with values ran ... | 2015 | 25977017 |
| endophytic bacteria from wheat grain as biocontrol agents of fusarium graminearum and deoxynivalenol production in wheat. | in uruguay, fusarium graminearum is the most common species that infects wheat and is responsible for fusarium head blight (fhb) and contamination of grain with deoxynivalenol (don). the aim of this work was to select bacterial endophytes isolated from wheat grain to evaluate their antagonistic ability against f. graminearum and don production in vitro and under field conditions. four strains identified as bacillus megaterium (bm1) and bacillus subtilis (bs43, bsm0 y bsm2) significantly reduced ... | 2015 | 25956808 |
| mutual exclusion between fungal species of the fusarium head blight complex in a wheat spike. | fusarium head blight (fhb) is one of the most damaging diseases of wheat. fhb is caused by a species complex that includes two genera of ascomycetes: microdochium and fusarium. fusarium graminearum, fusarium culmorum, fusarium poae, and microdochium nivale are among the most common fhb species in europe and were chosen for these experiments. field studies and surveys show that two or more species often coexist within the same field or grain sample. in this study, we investigated the competitiven ... | 2015 | 25934622 |
| enzymatic properties and expression patterns of five extracellular lipases of fusarium graminearum in vitro. | fusarium graminearum is a filamentous fungus that causes devastating diseases on plants of economic importance including maize, wheat, and barley. f. graminearum is able to utilize triglycerides as a carbon source during growth. extracellular lipases are the preferred enzymes to catalyze the hydrolysis of fats and oils. lipases are ubiquitous enzymes of considerable physiological significance and industrial potential. previously, fgl1 was the first described f. graminearum extracellular lipase a ... | 2010 | 25919623 |
| the combined action of enhanced disease susceptibility1, phytoalexin deficient4, and senescence-associated101 promotes salicylic acid-mediated defenses to limit fusarium graminearum infection in arabidopsis thaliana. | fusarium graminearum causes fusarium head blight (fhb) disease in wheat and other cereals. f. graminearum also causes disease in arabidopsis thaliana. in both arabidopsis and wheat, f. graminearum infection is limited by salicylic acid (sa) signaling. here, we show that, in arabidopsis, the defense regulator eds1 (enhanced disease susceptibility1) and its interacting partners, pad4 (phytoalexin-deficient4) and sag101 (senescence-associated gene101), promote sa accumulation to curtail f. graminea ... | 2015 | 25915452 |
| conservation and divergence of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase a (camp-pka) pathway in two plant-pathogenic fungi: fusarium graminearum and f. verticillioides. | the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase a (camp-pka) pathway is a central signalling cascade that transmits extracellular stimuli and governs cell responses through the second messenger camp. the importance of camp signalling in fungal biology has been well documented and the key conserved components, adenylate cyclase (ac) and the catalytic subunit of pka (cpka), have been functionally characterized. however, other genes involved in this signalling pathway and their regulation are not ... | 2016 | 25907134 |
| distribution of disease symptoms and mycotoxins in maize ears infected by fusarium culmorum and fusarium graminearum. | red ear rot an important disease of maize cultivated in europe is caused by toxigenic fusarium species like fusarium graminearum and fusarium culmorum. to get detailed information on the time course of the infection process leading to the accumulation of fusarium mycotoxins in maize ears, a field study was conducted over 2 years with two maize varieties, which were inoculated with f. culmorum or f. graminearum isolates at the stage of female flowering. every fortnight after inoculation, infectio ... | 2015 | 25904523 |
| identification of biomarker genes for resistance to a pathogen by a novel method for meta-analysis of single-channel microarray datasets. | the search for fast and reliable methods allowing for extraction of biomarker genes, e.g. responsible for a plant resistance to a certain pathogen, is one of the most important and highly exploited data mining problem in bioinformatics. here we describe a simple and efficient method suitable for combining results from multiple single-channel microarray experiments for meta-analysis. a new technique presented here makes use of the fuzzy set logic for the initial gene selection and of the machine ... | 2015 | 25903423 |
| efficacy of zinc compounds in controlling fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol formation in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the efficiency of zinc compounds (zinc sulfate, znso4 and zinc oxide, zno in regular and nanosize, respectively) on wheat plants was evaluated against growth of fusarium graminearum and don formation. in addition, any possible effects on the grain microstructures were observed by scanning electron microscopy (sem), and the remaining residue of zn on wheat plants was analyzed. the plants were inoculated with f. graminearum and treated with zn compounds (100mm) onto spikelets at the anthesis stage ... | 2015 | 25897993 |
| restoring (e)-β-caryophyllene production in a non-producing maize line compromises its resistance against the fungus colletotrichum graminicola. | the sesquiterpene (e)-β-caryophyllene is emitted from maize (zea mays) leaves and roots in response to herbivore attack. this compound serves as a signal for the attraction of herbivore enemies and is present in most european maize varieties. however, most north american maize lines have lost the ability to produce (e)-β-caryophyllene. previously, we showed that restoring the ability to synthesize (e)-β-caryophyllene in a non-producing maize line improved its resistance against the root herbivor ... | 2015 | 25893788 |
| whole-genome analysis of fusarium graminearum insertional mutants identifies virulence associated genes and unmasks untagged chromosomal deletions. | identifying pathogen virulence genes required to cause disease is crucial to understand the mechanisms underlying the pathogenic process. plasmid insertion mutagenesis of fungal protoplasts is frequently used for this purpose in filamentous ascomycetes. post transformation, the mutant population is screened for loss of virulence to a specific plant or animal host. identifying the insertion event has previously met with varying degrees of success, from a cleanly disrupted gene with minimal deleti ... | 2015 | 25881124 |
| snare protein fgvam7 controls growth, asexual and sexual development, and plant infection in fusarium graminearum. | soluble n-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (snare) proteins play critical and conserved roles in membrane fusion and vesicle transport of eukaryotic cells. previous studies have shown that various homologues of snare proteins are also important in the infection of host plants by pathogenic fungi. here, we report the characterization of a snare homologue, fgvam7, from fusarium graminearum that causes head blight in wheat and barley worldwide. phylogenetic analysis and d ... | 2016 | 25880818 |
| targeting fusarium graminearum control via polyamine enzyme inhibitors and polyamine analogs. | fusarium graminearum not only reduces yield and seed quality but also constitutes a risk to public or animal health owing to its ability to contaminate grains with mycotoxins. resistance problems are emerging and control strategies based on new targets are needed. polyamines have a key role in growth, development and differentiation. in this work, the possibility of using polyamine metabolism as a target to control f. graminearum has been assessed. it was found that putrescine induces mycotoxin ... | 2015 | 25846919 |
| multiple roles of a putative vacuolar protein sorting associated protein 74, fgvps74, in the cereal pathogen fusarium graminearum. | fusarium graminearum, a member of the f. graminearum species complex, is a filamentous ascomycetous group that causes serious diseases in cereal crops. a screen of insertional mutants of f. graminearum, generated using a restriction enzyme-mediated integration method, identified a mutant designated r7048 showing pleiotropic phenotypes in several mycological traits. the vector insertion site in the r7048 genome was identified as the kpni site within an orf annotated as fgsg_06346 (designated fgvp ... | 2015 | 25845538 |
| plant growth-promoting and antifungal activity of yeasts from dark chestnut soil. | 538 yeast strains were isolated from dark chestnut soil collected from under the plants of the legume family (fabaceae). the greatest number of microorganisms is found at soil depth 10-20 cm. among the 538 strains of yeast 77 (14.3%) strains demonstrated the ability to synthesize iaa. 15 strains were attributed to high iaa-producing yeasts (above 10 μg/ml). the most active strains were ya05 with 51.7 ± 2.1 μg/ml of iaa and yr07 with 45.3 ± 1.5 μg/ml. in the study of effect of incubation time on ... | 2015 | 25843007 |
| factors influencing production of fusaristatin a in fusarium graminearum. | fusarium graminearum is a ubiquitous plant pathogen, which is able to produce several bioactive secondary metabolites. recently, the cyclic lipopeptide fusaristatin a was isolated from this species and the biosynthetic gene cluster identified. fusaristatin a consists of a c24 reduced polyketide and the three amino acids dehydroalanine, β-aminoisobutyric acid and glutamine and is biosynthesized by a collaboration of a polyketide synthase and a nonribosomal peptide synthetase. to gain insight into ... | 2015 | 25838075 |
| analysis of quality-related parameters in mature kernels of polygalacturonase inhibiting protein (pgip) transgenic bread wheat infected with fusarium graminearum. | fusarium head blight, caused by the fungus fusarium graminearum, has a detrimental effect on both productivity and qualitative properties of wheat. to evaluate its impact on wheat flour, we compared its effect on quality-related parameters between a transgenic bread wheat line expressing a bean polygalacturonase inhibiting protein (pgip) and its control line. we have compared metabolic proteins, the amounts of gluten proteins and their relative ratios, starch content, yield, extent of pathogen c ... | 2015 | 25823882 |
| synthesis and antifungal activities of novel polyheterocyclic spirooxindole derivatives. | a series of spirooxindole tetrahydrofuran derivatives 3 were obtained in moderate to good yields via oxindole derivatives 1 and β-arylacrylonitrile derivatives 2via base-mediated cascade [3 + 2] double michael reactions under mild conditions and the application of this method in the synthesis of bioactive analogues, such as functionalized spirooxindole octahydrofuro[3,4-c]pyridine derivatives 4 which contain two new heterocyclic rings and two quaternary carbon centers, has also been developed. s ... | 2015 | 25820179 |
| hexokinase plays a critical role in deoxynivalenol (don) production and fungal development in fusarium graminearum. | fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of fusarium head blight, is a common pathogen on small grain cereals worldwide and produces various trichothecenes [deoxynivalenol (don) is predominant] during infection. a previous study has revealed that don production is positively correlated with the occurrence of carbendazim (mbc) resistance. here, we identified and characterized two putative genes encoding hexokinase in f. graminearum (fghxk1 and fghxk2), which is a rate-limiting enzyme in don biosynt ... | 2016 | 25808544 |
| the white collar complex is involved in sexual development of fusarium graminearum. | sexual spores (ascospores) of fusarium graminearum, a homothallic ascomycetous fungus, are believed to be the primary inocula for epidemics of the diseases caused by this species in cereal crops. based on the light requirement for the formation of fruiting bodies (perithecia) of f. graminearum under laboratory conditions, we explored whether photoreceptors play an important role in sexual development. here, we evaluated the roles of three genes encoding putative photoreceptors [a phytochrome gen ... | 2015 | 25785736 |
| the area transcription factor mediates the regulation of deoxynivalenol (don) synthesis by ammonium and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (camp) signalling in fusarium graminearum. | deoxynivalenol (don), a trichothecene mycotoxin produced by fusarium graminearum, is harmful to humans and animals. because different nitrogen sources are known to have opposite effects on don production, in this study, we characterized the regulatory mechanisms of the area transcription factor in trichothecene biosynthesis. the δarea mutant showed significantly reduced vegetative growth and don production in cultures inoculated with hyphae. suppression of tri gene expression and don production ... | 2015 | 25781642 |
| molecular characterization of a novel hypovirus from the plant pathogenic fungus fusarium graminearum. | a novel mycovirus, termed fusarium graminearum hypovirus 2 (fghv2/js16), isolated from a plant pathogenic fungus, fusarium graminearum strain js16, was molecularly and biologically characterized. the genome of fghv2/js16 is 12,800 nucleotides (nts) long, excluding the poly (a) tail. this genome has only one large putative open reading frame, which encodes a polyprotein containing three normal functional domains, papain-like protease, rna-dependent rna polymerase, rna helicase, and a novel domain ... | 2015 | 25781585 |
| sharing a host plant (wheat [triticum aestivum]) increases the fitness of fusarium graminearum and the severity of fusarium head blight but reduces the fitness of grain aphids (sitobion avenae). | we hypothesized that interactions between fusarium head blight-causing pathogens and herbivores are likely to occur because they share wheat as a host plant. our aim was to investigate the interactions between the grain aphid, sitobion avenae, and fusarium graminearum on wheat ears and the role that host volatile chemicals play in mediating interactions. wheat ears were treated with aphids and f. graminearum inoculum, together or separately, and disease progress was monitored by visual assessmen ... | 2015 | 25769834 |
| resistance of callose synthase activity to free fatty acid inhibition as an indicator of fusarium head blight resistance in wheat. | the fungal pathogen fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of fusarium head blight (fhb); a devastating crop disease resulting in heavy yield losses and grain contamination with mycotoxins. we recently showed that the secreted lipase fgl1, a virulence factor of f. graminearum, targets plant defense-related callose biosynthesis during wheat head infection. this effector-like function is based on a fgl1-mediated release of polyunsaturated free fatty acids (ffa) that can inhibit callose synthase ... | 2014 | 25763484 |
| functional analysis of the fusarium graminearum phosphatome. | phosphatases are known to play important roles in the regulation of various cellular processes in eukaryotes. however, systematic characterization of the phosphatome has not been reported in phytopathogenic fungi. the wheat scab fungus fusarium graminearum contains 82 putative phosphatases. the biological functions of each phosphatase were investigated in this study. although 11 phosphatase genes appeared to be essential, deletion mutants of the other 71 phosphatase genes were obtained and chara ... | 2015 | 25758923 |
| naturally produced citral can significantly inhibit normal physiology and induce cytotoxicity on magnaporthe grisea. | given the importance of finding alternatives to synthetic fungicides, the antifungal effects of natural product citral on six plant pathogenic fungi (magnaporthe grisea, gibberella zeae, fusarium oxysporum, valsa mali, botrytis cinerea, and rhizoctonia solani) were determined. mycelial growth rate results showed that citral possessed high antifungal activities on those test fungi with ec50 values ranging from 39.52 to 193.00 µg/ml, which had the highest inhibition rates against m. grisea. furthe ... | 2015 | 25752425 |
| host-induced gene silencing of an essential chitin synthase gene confers durable resistance to fusarium head blight and seedling blight in wheat. | fusarium head blight (fhb) and fusarium seedling blight (fsb) of wheat, caused by fusarium pathogens, are devastating diseases worldwide. we report the expression of rna interference (rnai) sequences derived from an essential fusarium graminearum (fg) virulence gene, chitin synthase (chs) 3b, as a method to enhance resistance of wheat plants to fungal pathogens. deletion of chs3b was lethal to fg; disruption of the other chs gene family members generated knockout mutants with diverse impacts on ... | 2015 | 25735638 |
| a wheat abc transporter contributes to both grain formation and mycotoxin tolerance. | the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (don) acts as a disease virulence factor for fusarium fungi, and tolerance of don enhances wheat resistance to fusarium head blight (fhb) disease. two variants of an atp-binding cassette (abc) family c transporter gene were cloned from don-treated wheat mrna, namely taabcc3.1 and taabcc3.2. these represent two of three putative genes identified on chromosomes 3a, 3b, and 3d of the wheat genome sequence. variant taabcc3.1 represents the don-responsive transcript previ ... | 2015 | 25732534 |
| degradation of the benzoxazolinone class of phytoalexins is important for virulence of fusarium pseudograminearum towards wheat. | wheat, maize, rye and certain other agriculturally important species in the poaceae family produce the benzoxazolinone class of phytoalexins on pest and pathogen attack. benzoxazolinones can inhibit the growth of pathogens. however, certain fungi can actively detoxify these compounds. despite this, a clear link between the ability to detoxify benzoxazolinones and pathogen virulence has not been shown. here, through comparative genome analysis of several fusarium species, we have identified a con ... | 2015 | 25727347 |
| chromosome engineering, mapping, and transferring of resistance to fusarium head blight disease from elymus tsukushiensis into wheat. | this manuscript describes the transfer and molecular cytogenetic characterization of a novel source of fusarium head blight resistance in wheat. fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by the fungus fusarium graminearum schwabe [telomorph = gibberella zeae (schwein. fr.) petch] is an important disease of bread wheat, triticum aestivum l. (2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd) worldwide. wheat has limited resistance to fhb controlled by many loci and new sources of resistance are urgently needed. the perennial grass e ... | 2015 | 25726000 |
| priming of wheat with the green leaf volatile z-3-hexenyl acetate enhances defense against fusarium graminearum but boosts deoxynivalenol production. | priming refers to a mechanism whereby plants are sensitized to respond faster and/or more strongly to future pathogen attack. here, we demonstrate that preexposure to the green leaf volatile z-3-hexenyl acetate (z-3-hac) primed wheat (triticum aestivum) for enhanced defense against subsequent infection with the hemibiotrophic fungus fusarium graminearum. bioassays showed that, after priming with z-3-hac, wheat ears accumulated up to 40% fewer necrotic spikelets. furthermore, leaves of seedlings ... | 2015 | 25713338 |