Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| a review of risk factors for bovine tuberculosis infection in cattle in the uk and ireland. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is an important disease of cattle caused by infection with mycobacterium bovis, a pathogen that may be extremely difficult to eradicate in the presence of a true wildlife reservoir. our objective was to identify and review relevant literature and provide a succinct summary of current knowledge of risk factors for transmission of infection of cattle. search strings were developed to identify publications from electronic databases to february 2015. abstracts of 4255 paper ... | 2016 | 27452974 |
| vaccination of cattle with a high dose of bcg vaccine 3 weeks after experimental infection with mycobacterium bovis increased the inflammatory response, but not tuberculous pathology. | a study was undertaken to determine whether bcg vaccination of cattle post-challenge could have an effect on a very early mycobacterium bovis infection. three groups of calves (n = 12/group) were challenged endobronchially with m. bovis and slaughtered 13 weeks later to examine for tuberculous lesions. one group had been vaccinated prophylactically with bcg danish vaccine 21 weeks prior to challenge; a second group was vaccinated with a 4-fold higher dose of bcg danish 3 weeks post-challenge and ... | 2016 | 27450013 |
| espr-dependent esat-6 protein secretion of mycobacterium tuberculosis requires the presence of virulence regulator phop. | attenuation of mycobacterium bovis bcg strain is related to the loss of the rd1-encoded esx-1 secretion system. the esx-1 system secretes virulence factor esat-6 that plays a critical role in modulation of the host immune system, which is essential for establishment of a productive infection. previous studies suggest that among the reasons for attenuation of mycobacterium tuberculosis h37ra is a mutation in the phop gene that interferes with the esx-1 secretion system and inhibits secretion of e ... | 2016 | 27445330 |
| subacute interstitial pneumonitis due to mycobacterium bovis after intravesical bacillus calmette-guérin instillation in a renal transplant patient. | 2017 | 27445097 | |
| blood thicker than water: kinship, disease prevalence and group size drive divergent patterns of infection risk in a social mammal. | the importance of social- and kin-structuring of populations for the transmission of wildlife disease is widely assumed but poorly described. social structure can help dilute risks of transmission for group members, and is relatively easy to measure, but kin-association represents a further level of population sub-structure that is harder to measure, particularly when association behaviours happen underground. here, using epidemiological and molecular genetic data from a wild, high-density popul ... | 2016 | 27440666 |
| molecular identification of mycobacterium bovis from cattle and human host in mali: expanded genetic diversity. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is a contagious, debilitating human and animal disease caused by mycobacterium bovis, a member of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. the study objective were to estimate the frequency of btb, examine genetic diversity of the m. bovis population in cattle from five regions in mali and to determine whether m. bovis is involved in active tuberculosis (tb) in humans. samples from suspected lesions on cattle at the slaughterhouses were collected. mycobacterial smear, cu ... | 2016 | 27439708 |
| lack of il-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 leads to defective th1 cell responses and renders mice susceptible to mycobacterial infection. | the toll-like and il-1 family receptors play critical roles in innate and adaptive immunity against intracellular pathogens. although previous data demonstrated the importance of tlrs and il-1r signaling events for the establishment of an effective immune response to mycobacteria, the possible function of the adaptor molecule il-1r-associated kinase (irak)-4 against this pathogen has not been addressed. in this study, we determined the role of irak-4 in signaling pathways responsible for control ... | 2016 | 27439514 |
| a bloody evidence: is mycobacterium bovis bacteraemia frequent in cattle?! | 2016 | 27432469 | |
| hiv-1 subtype c mosaic gag expressed by bcg and mva elicits persistent effector t cell responses in a prime-boost regimen in mice. | over 90% of hiv/aids positive individuals in sub-saharan africa are infected with highly heterogeneous hiv-1 subtype c (hiv-1c) viruses. one of the best ways to reduce the burden of this disease is the development of an affordable and effective prophylactic vaccine. mosaic immunogens are computationally designed to overcome the hurdle of hiv diversity by maximizing the expression of potential t cell epitopes. mycobacterium bovis bcg δpancd auxotroph and modified vaccinia ankara (mva) vaccines ex ... | 2016 | 27427967 |
| polymorphisms of 20 regulatory proteins between mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium bovis. | mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium bovis are responsible for tuberculosis in humans and animals, respectively. both species are closely related and belong to the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtc). m. tuberculosis is the most ancient species from which m. bovis and other members of the mtc evolved. the genome of m. bovis is over >99.95% identical to that of m. tuberculosis but with seven deletions ranging in size from 1 to 12.7 kb. in addition, 1200 single nucleotide mutations in ... | 2016 | 27427512 |
| cd4+ and γδ t cells are the main producers of il-22 and il-17a in lymphocytes from mycobacterium bovis-infected cattle. | gene transcription studies have identified dual roles for the cytokines il-17a and il-22 in bovine tuberculosis, where they show potential as both predictors of vaccine success and correlates of infection. to allow for a detailed investigation of the cell populations responsible for production of these cytokines, we have utilised a novel bovine il-22 specific recombinant antibody for flow cytometry. bovine tuberculin (ppdb) induced greater il-22 and il-17a production in mycobacterium bovis (m. b ... | 2016 | 27427303 |
| coexisting bacillus calmette-guérin-induced lupus vulgaris involving the vaccination site and lichen scrofulosorum in an immunocompetent boy. | the coexistence of bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg)-induced lupus vulgaris involving the site of vaccination with lichen scrofulosorum is rare. herein we report a 3-year-old boy who presented with lupus vulgaris at the vaccination site 3 weeks after neonatal bcg vaccination followed by the development of lichen scrofulosorum approximately 2.5 years later. characteristic clinical morphology, typical histopathology, and positive dna polymerase chain reaction for mycobacterium bovis confirmed the cli ... | 2016 | 27418024 |
| heat-shock protein gp96 enhances t cell responses and protective potential to bacillus calmette-guérin vaccine. | the commonly used bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) vaccine only induces moderate t cell responses and is less effective in protecting against pulmonary tuberculosis (tb) in adults and ageing populations. thus, developing new tb vaccine candidates is an important strategy against the spread of mycobacterium tuberculosis. here, we demonstrated that immunization with heat-shock protein gp96 as an adjuvant led to a significantly increased cd4(+) and cd8(+) t cell response to a bcg vaccine. secretion o ... | 2016 | 27417661 |
| t cell recall response of two hypothetical proteins (rv2251 and rv2721c) from mycobacterium tuberculosis in healthy household contacts of tb - possible subunit vaccine candidates. | the demonstrated variable efficacy of the only licensed tb vaccine mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (m. bovis bcg) encourages the need for new vaccine candidates against tb. antigen specific cellular immune response is often considered imperative during mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis) infection and antigens that are strongly associated with the latent phase of infection are drawing increasing attention for anti-tb vaccine development. here, we investigated the phenotypic ... | 2016 | 27404979 |
| the proneurotrophin receptor sortilin is required for mycobacterium tuberculosis control by macrophages. | sorting of luminal and membrane proteins into phagosomes is critical for the immune function of this organelle. however, little is known about the mechanisms that contribute to the spatiotemporal regulation of this process. here, we investigated the role of the proneurotrophin receptor sortilin during phagosome maturation and mycobacterial killing. we show that this receptor is acquired by mycobacteria-containing phagosomes via interactions with the adaptor proteins ap-1 and ggas. interestingly, ... | 2016 | 27389464 |
| the cannabinoid 2 receptor agonist β-caryophyllene modulates the inflammatory reaction induced by mycobacterium bovis bcg by inhibiting neutrophil migration. | β-caryophyllene (bcp) is a sesquiterpene that binds to the cannabinoid 2 (cb2) receptor and exerts anti-inflammatory effects. in this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of bcp and another cb2 agonist, gp1a in inflammatory experimental model induced by mycobacterium bovis (bcg). | 2016 | 27379721 |
| bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) treatment failures with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a data-driven definition for bcg unresponsive disease. | objective: to create the first data-driven definition for those unlikely to benefit from further bcg treatment. materials and methods: the database created for the phase 2 bcg-interferon-α 2b (ifn) study was queried and bcg failure patients were identified (n = 334). full study protocols have previously been published. separate models were constructed for analysis of patients with any cis (pure or concomitant) and pure papillary disease. variables considered included age, gender, stage, grade, t ... | 2016 | 27376140 |
| bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) treatment failures in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: what truly constitutes unresponsive disease. | bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) remains the most effective intravesical therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer but will fail in up to 40% of patients. the ability to identify patients who are least likely to respond to further bcg therapy allows urologists to pursue secondary treatments more likely to convey a recurrence or survival benefit to the patient. we examined the literature to determine what constitutes bcg unresponsive disease. after review, we believe that bcg unresponsive dise ... | 2015 | 27376112 |
| adverse effects of bcg vaccine 1173 p2 in iran: a meta-analysis. | although in the last two decades the world health organization (who) has introduced tuberculosis as "a threat to global", the vaccination with the mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) is the only way for the prevention of this fatal infectious disease. despite of the efficacy of bcg vaccine especially against infants' meningitis, it has still some limitations due to a variety of adverse effects. many studies have evaluated the side effects of different strains of bcg vaccines in di ... | 2016 | 27376038 |
| comparative genomics and proteomic analysis of four non-tuberculous mycobacterium species and mycobacterium tuberculosis complex: occurrence of shared immunogenic proteins. | the esx and pe/ppe families of proteins are among the most immunodominant mycobacterial antigens and have thus been the focus of research to develop vaccines and immunological tests for diagnosis of bovine and human tuberculosis, mainly caused by mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium tuberculosis, respectively. in non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm), multiple copies of genes encoding homologous proteins have mainly been identified in pathogenic mycobacterium species phylogenically related to myco ... | 2016 | 27375559 |
| [cutaneous tuberculosis of the ear due to mycobacterium bovis]. | isolated cutaneous tuberculosis is uncommon, accounting for only 0.14 to 5% of mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. we report a rare case of ear cutaneous tuberculosis due to mycobacterium bovis in an immunocompetent woman. | 2016 | 27375171 |
| activation of type ii nadh dehydrogenase by quinolinequinones mediates antitubercular cell death. | quinolinequinones (qq) have been shown to inhibit the growth of mycobacterial species, but their mode(s) of action and molecular target(s) remain unknown. to facilitate further development of qq as antimycobacterial drugs, we investigated the molecular mechanism and target of qq in mycobacteria. | 2016 | 27365187 |
| tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bovis in a capybara (hydrochoerus hydrochaeris). | tuberculosis, associated with mycobacterium bovis, was diagnosed post mortem in an adult female capybara (hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), kept at the pampulha ecological park, belo horizonte, brazil, in a large metropolitan area. on post-mortem examination, there were numerous firm white nodules scattered throughout all lobes of both lungs. tissue samples were collected for histological and microbiological examination. microscopically, the pulmonary nodules were multifocal to coalescing granulomas a ... | 2016 | 27363904 |
| stimulation of bovine whole-blood samples cultured in media supplemented with recombinant interleukin-7 (il-7) and il-12 extends the life span of the gamma interferon assay to detect mycobacterium bovis-infected cattle. | the gamma interferon (ifn-γ) assay is widely used to measure cell-mediated immune (cmi) response for the early detection of tuberculosis infection. processing whole-blood samples for cmi-based diagnostics is time sensitive and usually must occur within 8 h of collection to ensure optimal assay performance. in this study, we developed and tested a modified protocol, in which whole-blood samples from mycobacterium bovis-infected cattle were diluted 1:1 in rpmi medium containing 0.3% fetal bovine s ... | 2016 | 27358463 |
| loss of lipid virulence factors reduces the efficacy of the bcg vaccine. | bacille calmette-guérin (bcg), an attenuated strain of mycobacterium bovis, is the only vaccine available for tuberculosis (tb) control. bcg comprises a number of substrains that exhibit genetic and biochemical differences. whether and how these differences affect bcg efficacy remain unknown. compared to other bcg strains, bcg-japan, -moreau, and -glaxo are defective in the production of phthiocerol dimycocerosates (pdims) and phenolic glycolipids (pgls), two lipid virulence factors. to determin ... | 2016 | 27357109 |
| parenteral adenoviral boost enhances bcg induced protection, but not long term survival in a murine model of bovine tb. | boosting bcg using heterologous prime-boost represents a promising strategy for improved tuberculosis (tb) vaccines, and adenovirus (ad) delivery is established as an efficacious boosting vehicle. although studies demonstrate that intranasal administration of ad boost to bcg offers optimal protection, this is not currently possible in cattle. using ad vaccine expressing the mycobacterial antigen tb10.4 (bcg/ad-tb10.4), we demonstrate, parenteral boost of bcg immunised mice to induce specific cd8 ... | 2016 | 27317453 |
| tuberculous spondylitis following intravesical bacillus calmette-guerin for bladder cancer. | we present a rare case of tuberculous spondylitis following intravesical bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) therapy for bladder cancer. an 82-year-old man presented with low back pain. past medical history revealed bladder cancer diagnosed and treated 16 months previously by intravesical bcg. magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracic spine showed destruction of the t5 and t6 vertebrae and an epidural soft tissue mass with anterior dural sac compression. due to the progression of vertebral destructi ... | 2016 | 27313927 |
| evaluation of the eukaryotic expression of mtb32c-hbha fusion gene of mycobacterium tuberculosis in hepatocarcinoma cell line. | hbha and mtb32c have been isolated from culture supernatants of mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis) and mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis) and their immunogenicity previously studies have been confirmed. in this study, capability of constructed vector containing two mycobacterial immunodaminant antigens (mtb32c-hbha), in producing new chimeric protein under the in-vitro condition was examined. | 2016 | 27307979 |
| comparative evaluation of in vitro human macrophage models for mycobacterial infection study. | macrophages are phagocytic cells that play a key role maintaining the homeostasis of many tissues. their function is essential for controlling and eradicating infecting mycobacteria. human monocytic cell lines such as thp-1 and u937 have provided interesting insights into how mycobacteria subvert the host cell response. however, immortalized cell lines could bring some disadvantages. here we compare the response of thp-1 and u937 cell lines with human monocyte-derived macrophages (hmdms) to dete ... | 2016 | 27307103 |
| synthesis and antitubercular activity of new 1,3,4-oxadiazoles bearing pyridyl and thiazolyl scaffolds. | in search of more potent and safe new antitubercular agents, here new 2-pyridinyl substituted thiazolyl-5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (6a-o), have been designed and synthesized using thionicotinamide as a starting, following novel multistep synthetic route. an intermediate, pyridinyl substituted thiazolyl acid hydrazide (4) when condensed with benzoic acids/nicotinic acids (5a-o) in the presence of silica supported pocl3 yielded better to excellent yields of the title compounds. all the synthesized c ... | 2016 | 27301367 |
| editorial commentary: why it is important to distinguish mycobacterium bovis as a causal agent of human tuberculosis. | 2016 | 27298331 | |
| human tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bovis in the united states, 2006-2013. | using genotyping techniques that have differentiated mycobacterium bovis from mycobacterium tuberculosis since 2005, we review the epidemiology of human tuberculosis caused by m. bovis in the united states and validate previous findings nationally. | 2016 | 27298329 |
| clinical presentation, diagnosis, and bacterial epidemiology of peritoneal tuberculosis in two university hospitals in france. | diagnosis of peritoneal tuberculosis (ptb) is difficult, even in developed countries, where data are lacking. the aim of the present study was to describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and bacterial epidemiology of ptb in france over a 10-year period. | 2016 | 27295189 |
| parenteral vaccination with heat-inactivated mycobacterium bovis reduces the prevalence of tuberculosis-compatible lesions in farmed wild boar. | in 2012, a wild boar (sus scrofa) tuberculosis (tb) control programme was set up in a wild boar farm by means of intramuscular (im) vaccination with a heat-inactivated mycobacterium bovis vaccine (iv). the goal was to assess safety and efficacy of the parenterally administered iv in a large farm setting with natural m. bovis circulation. based on preceding results under laboratory conditions, we hypothesized that vaccinated piglets would show smaller scores of tb-compatible lesions (tbcl) than u ... | 2016 | 27292118 |
| single nucleotide polymorphisms in toll-like receptor genes and case-control association studies with bovine tuberculosis. | toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) and tlr4 genes play critical roles in host recognition of mycobacterium bovis infection and initiation of innate and adaptive immune response. the present study was aimed at exploring the association of seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in tlr2 and tlr4 genes with susceptibility/resistance against bovine tuberculosis (btb) infection in cattle. | 2016 | 27284220 |
| mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin vaccination-associated osteomyelitis, arthritis, and tenosynovitis on the thumb of a 2-year-old boy. | 2016 | 27271355 | |
| loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay targeting the mpb70 gene for rapid differential detection of mycobacterium bovis. | loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) is a highly sensitive, rapid, cost-effective nucleic acid amplification method. tuberculosis (tb) is widely popular in the world and it is difficult to cure. the fundamental treatment is to clear the types of tb pathogens such as mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis), mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis). in order to detect and diagnose tb early, we constructed the differential diagnostic method of tb. in this study, we used lamp for detection of m. ... | 2016 | 27270464 |
| risk profiling of cattle farms as a potential tool in risk-based surveillance for mycobacterium bovis infection among cattle in tuberculosis-free areas. | objective to develop a cattle herd risk-profiling system that could potentially inform risk-based surveillance strategies for mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle and provide information that could be used to help direct resource allocation by a state agency for this purpose. design cross-sectional study. sample records for any size movement (importation) of cattle into minnesota from other us states during 2009 (n = 7,185) and 2011 (8,107). procedures data from certificates of veterinary ins ... | 2016 | 27270064 |
| complement factor h interferes with mycobacterium bovis bcg entry into macrophages and modulates the pro-inflammatory cytokine response. | mycobacterium tuberculosis is an accomplished intracellular pathogen, particularly within the macrophage and this is of the utmost importance in the host-pathogen stand-off observed in the granuloma during latent tuberculosis. contact with innate immune molecules is one of the primary interactions that can occur with the pathogen m. tuberculosis once inhaled. complement proteins may play a role in facilitating m. tuberculosis interactions with macrophages. here, we demonstrate that factor h, a c ... | 2016 | 27262511 |
| correction for sotnikova et al., complete genome sequence of mycobacterium bovis strain bcg-1 (russia). | 2016 | 27257209 | |
| targeting mycobacterium tuberculosis tumor necrosis factor alpha-downregulating genes for the development of antituberculous vaccines. | tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf) plays a critical role in the control of mycobacterium tuberculosis, in part by augmenting t cell responses through promoting macrophage phagolysosomal fusion (thereby optimizing cd4(+) t cell immunity by enhancing antigen presentation) and apoptosis (a process that can lead to cross-priming of cd8(+) t cells). m. tuberculosis can evade antituberculosis (anti-tb) immunity by inhibiting host cell tnf production via expression of specific mycobacterial components. ... | 2016 | 27247233 |
| tuberculosis, genetic diversity and fitness in the red deer, cervus elaphus. | understanding how genetic diversity, infections and fitness interact in wild populations is a major challenge in ecology and management. these interactions were addressed through heterozygosity-fitness correlation analyses, by assessing the genetic diversity, tuberculosis (tb) and body size in adult red deer. heterozygosity-fitness correlation models provided a better understanding of the link between genetic diversity and tb at individual and population levels. a single local effect was found f ... | 2016 | 27245150 |
| use of rodac plates to measure containment of mycobacterium tuberculosis in a class iib biosafety cabinet during routine operations. | guidelines for the manipulation of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) cultures require a biosafety level 3 (bsl-3) infrastructure and accompanying code of conduct. in this study, we aimed to validate and apply detection methods for viable mycobacteria from surfaces in a bsl-3 mtb laboratory. | 2016 | 27242225 |
| herd-level risk factors for bovine tuberculosis and adoption of related biosecurity measures in northern ireland: a case-control study. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is a zoonotic disease which is endemic in northern ireland. as it has proven difficult to eradicate this disease, partly due to a wildlife reservoir being present in the european badger (meles meles), a case-control study was conducted in a high incidence area in 2010-2011. the aim was to identify risk factors for btb breakdown relating to cattle and badgers, and to assess the adoption of btb related biosecurity measures on farms. face-to-face questionnaires with farmer ... | 2016 | 27240911 |
| [interlaboratory test: isolation of mycobacterium bovis from granulomatous lesions in bovine]. | mycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis. the diagnostic laboratory confirmation is made through bacterial isolation. the aim of interlaboratory tests is to assess the performance of each participant in comparison with other of similar capacities. the test objective was to determine the efficiency of isolation of m. bovis. four laboratories were part of the test and processed 25 blind tissue samples from granulomatous lesions and with previous m. bovis isolation. the lab ... | 2017 | 27237425 |
| an outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in a fallow deer herd (dama dama) in sicily. | wild ruminants have an important role in the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis (btb). this study describes an outbreak of bovine tuberculosis occurring in a fallow deer herd in sicily. in 2012 a sicilian herd of 47 animals was referred for cachexia. pathological examination of 2 dead animals revealed disseminated granulomas predominantly involving the skin and subcutaneous tissues. tissue samples were submitted for histological analysis, bacteriological culture, and biomolecular assay. pcr ana ... | 2016 | 27234548 |
| imatinib triggers phagolysosome acidification and antimicrobial activity against mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette-guérin in glucocorticoid-treated human macrophages. | glucocorticoids are extensively used to treat inflammatory diseases; however, their chronic intake increases the risk for mycobacterial infections. meanwhile, the effects of glucocorticoids on innate host responses are incompletely understood. in this study, we investigated the direct effects of glucocorticoids on antimycobacterial host defense in primary human macrophages. we found that glucocorticoids triggered the expression of cathelicidin, an antimicrobial critical for antimycobacterial res ... | 2016 | 27233968 |
| bcg lowers plasma cholesterol levels and delays atherosclerotic lesion progression in mice. | bacille-calmette-guérin (bcg), prepared from attenuated live mycobacterium bovis, modulates atherosclerosis development as currently explained by immunomodulatory mechanisms. however, whether bcg is pro- or anti-atherogenic remains inconclusive as the effect of bcg on cholesterol metabolism, the main driver of atherosclerosis development, has remained underexposed in previous studies. therefore, we aimed to elucidate the effect of bcg on cholesterol metabolism in addition to inflammation and ath ... | 2016 | 27232458 |
| induction of unconventional t cells by a mutant mycobacterium bovis bcg strain formulated in cationic liposomes correlates with protection against mycobacterium tuberculosis infections of immunocompromised mice. | earlier studies aimed at defining protective immunity induced by mycobacterium bovis bcg immunization have largely focused on the induction of antituberculosis cd4(+) and cd8(+) t cell responses. here we describe a vaccine consisting of a bcgδmmaa4 deletion mutant formulated in dimethyl dioctadecyl-ammonium bromide (dda) with d-(+)-trehalose 6,6'-dibehenate (tdb) (dda/tdb) adjuvant (a4/adj) that protected tcrδ(-/-) mice depleted of cd4(+), cd8(+), and nk1.1(+) t cells against an aerosol challeng ... | 2016 | 27226281 |
| deletion of nuog from the vaccine candidate mycobacterium bovis bcg δurec::hly improves protection against tuberculosis. | the current tuberculosis (tb) vaccine, mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg), provides insufficient protection against pulmonary tb. previously, we generated a listeriolysin-expressing recombinant bcg strain, which to date has successfully completed phase i and phase iia clinical trials. in an attempt to further improve efficacy, we deleted the antiapoptotic virulence gene nuog, encoding nadh dehydrogenase 1 subunit g, from bcg δurec::hly in vitro, deletion of nuog unexpectedly led ... | 2016 | 27222470 |
| the genomics of mycobacteria. | the species mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis are the causal agents, respectively, of tuberculosis and paratuberculosis in animals. both mycobacteria, especially m. bovis, are also important to public health because they can infect humans. in recent years, this and the impact of tuberculosis and paratuberculosis on animal production have led to significant advances in knowledge about both pathogens and their host interactions. this article describes the cont ... | 2016 | 27217180 |
| evidence of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteraemia in intradermal skin test positive cattle detected using phage-rpa. | bovine tuberculosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by mycobacterium bovis that affects cattle and can cause tuberculosis in a range of wildlife animals. a bacteriophage-based method combined with pcr (phage-pcr) has been recently used to detect and identify viable pathogenic mycobacteria in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) of animals suffering from paratuberculosis. to adapt this method for the detection of m. bovis in blood, a new isothermal dna amplification protocol usi ... | 2016 | 27197018 |
| sting-dependent 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase-like production is required for intracellular mycobacterium leprae survival. | cytosolic detection of nucleic acids elicits a type i interferon (ifn) response and plays a critical role in host defense against intracellular pathogens. herein, a global gene expression profile of mycobacterium leprae-infected primary human schwann cells identified the genes differentially expressed in the type i ifn pathway. among them, the gene encoding 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase-like (oasl) underwent the greatest upregulation and was also shown to be upregulated in m. leprae-infected h ... | 2016 | 27190175 |
| effect of experimental parameters on alginate/chitosan microparticles for bcg encapsulation. | the aim of the present study was to develop novel mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette-guérin (bcg)-loaded polymeric microparticles with optimized particle surface characteristics and biocompatibility, so that whole live attenuated bacteria could be further used for pre-exposure vaccination against mycobacterium tuberculosis by the intranasal route. bcg was encapsulated in chitosan and alginate microparticles through three different polyionic complexation methods by high speed stirring. for comp ... | 2016 | 27187418 |
| f420h2 is required for phthiocerol dimycocerosate synthesis in mycobacteria. | phthiocerol dimycocerosates (pdim) are a group of cell surface-associated apolar lipids of mycobacterium tuberculosis and closely related mycobacteria, such as mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium leprae a characteristic methoxy group of these lipids is generated from the methylation of a hydroxyl group of the direct precursors, the phthiotriols. the precursors arise from the reduction of phthiodiolones, the keto intermediates, by a ketoreductase. the putative phthiodiolone ketoreductase (pkr) ... | 2016 | 27185825 |
| human newborn bacille calmette-guérin vaccination and risk of tuberculosis disease: a case-control study. | an incomplete understanding of the immunological mechanisms underlying protection against tuberculosis (tb) hampers the development of new vaccines against tb. we aimed to define host correlates of prospective risk of tb disease following bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) vaccination. | 2016 | 27183822 |
| detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium bovis in sahiwal cattle from an organized farm using ante-mortem techniques. | the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (tb) and detection of mycobacterium bovis in cattle from an organized dairy farm. | 2016 | 27182134 |
| knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding risk to human infection due to mycobacterium bovis among cattle farming communities in western uganda. | a cross-sectional study involving multistage cluster sampling was undertaken in kashari county, mbarara district, western uganda, in which quantitative and qualitative approaches were utilized to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding risk of human infection with zoonotic tuberculosis due to mycobacterium bovis among cattle farmers. of 496 respondents, 50% were farm owners and 50% herdsmen. males were 70.9% of all the study participants. among these, 37.5% had good knowledge, ... | 2016 | 27178229 |
| systemic bcg infection in a patient with pancytopaenia and fever 9 years after intravesical bcg administration for bladder cancer. | bcg is an attenuated live strain of mycobacterium bovis that is used as an intravesical immunotherapy for superficial bladder cancer. although generally well tolerated, bcg instillation can lead to systemic diseases. we present a case of a 75-year-old man who was treated for recurrent localised transitional cell carcinoma (tcc) of the bladder with intravesical instillation of bcg in 2006. his medical history included parkinson's disease. the patient reported worsening of parkinson symptoms in th ... | 2016 | 27170615 |
| dna sequence-selective c8-linked pyrrolobenzodiazepine-heterocyclic polyamide conjugates show anti-tubercular-specific activities. | new chemotherapeutic agents with novel mechanisms of action are in urgent need to combat the tuberculosis pandemic. a library of 12 c8-linked pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine (pbd)-heterocyclic polyamide conjugates (1-12) was evaluated for anti-tubercular activity and dna sequence selectivity. the pbd conjugates were screened against slow-growing mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin and m. tuberculosis h37rv, and fast-growing escherichia coli, pseudomonas putida and rhodococcus sp. rha1 ... | 2016 | 27168314 |
| antigen-specific ip-10 release is a sensitive biomarker of mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle. | the most widely used ante-mortem diagnostic tests for tuberculosis in cattle are the tuberculin skin test and the interferon-gamma (ifn-γ) release assay, both of which measure cell-mediated immune responses to mycobacterium bovis infection. however, limitations in the performance of these tests results in a failure to identify all infected animals. in attempting to increase the range of diagnostic tests for tuberculosis, measurement of the cytokine ip-10 in antigen-stimulated blood has previousl ... | 2016 | 27167122 |
| infantile osteoarticular tuberculosis misdiagnosed as bacillus calmette-guerin related osteomyelitis. | tuberculosis, a re-emerging public health problem, is uncommon in infancy. two healthy completely immunized infants presenting with manifestations compatible with osteoarticular infection required surgical debridement. the cultures of the specimens were positive for m. tuberculosis (mtb) complex comprised multiple subspecies. one case was misdiagnosed as a bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) related osteomyelitis by a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based on detection of genes at the region of differ ... | 2015 | 27163076 |
| mycobacterial osteomyelitis of the spine following intravesical bcg therapy for bladder cancer. | osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone that can involve the vertebral column. a rare cause of vertebral osteomyelitis is mycobacterium bovis after intravesical bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) therapy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. in this report, we describe the case of a 64-year-old male presenting with constitutional symptoms, progressive thoracic kyphosis, and intractable t11 and t12 radiculopathies over the proceeding six months. a ct scan revealed erosive, lytic changes o ... | 2016 | 27158574 |
| differences between a probable and proven bcg infection following intravesical instillations: 16 years experience in a tertiary care hospital. | intravesical instillation of bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) is an efficient immunotherapy for superficial bladder cancer. bcg infection represents a major yet uncommon adverse event that occurs in 5-10% of the patients treated with bcg instillations, though the pathogenesis of this entity is not clear. | 2016 | 27157988 |
| boosting bcg with inert spores improves immunogenicity and induces specific il-17 responses in a murine model of bovine tuberculosis. | tuberculosis (tb) remains a global pandemic, in both animals and man, and novel vaccines are urgently required. heterologous prime-boost of bcg represents a promising strategy for improved tb vaccines, with respiratory delivery the most efficacious to date. such an approach may be an ideal vaccination strategy against bovine tb (btb), but respiratory vaccination presents a technical challenge in cattle. inert bacterial spores represent an attractive vaccine vehicle. therefore we evaluated whethe ... | 2016 | 27156624 |
| m. tuberculosis dna detection in nasopharyngeal mucosa can precede tuberculosis development in contacts. | the nasopharynx is a known gateway for some mycobacterial species such as mycobacterium bovis and m. leprae. m. tuberculosis can cross lymphoepithelial barriers in vitro, but its ability to colonise the nasopharyngeal mucosa in vivo has not been established. | 2016 | 27155192 |
| optimization and scale-up of cell culture and purification processes for production of an adenovirus-vectored tuberculosis vaccine candidate. | tuberculosis (tb) is the second leading cause of death by infectious disease worldwide. the only available tb vaccine is the bacille calmette-guerin (bcg). however, parenterally administered mycobacterium bovis bcg vaccine confers only limited immune protection from pulmonary tuberculosis in humans. there is a need for developing effective boosting vaccination strategies. adag85a, an adenoviral vector expressing the mycobacterial protein ag85a, is a new tuberculosis vaccine candidate, and has sh ... | 2016 | 27154390 |
| encapsulation of zinc-rifampicin complex into transferrin-conjugated silver quantum-dots improves its antimycobacterial activity and stability and facilitates drug delivery into macrophages. | in order to improve the chemotherapy of tuberculosis, there is an urgent need to enhance the efficacy of existing agents and also to develop more efficient drug delivery systems. here, we synthesized a novel anti-tb drug complex consisting of zinc and rifampicin (zn-rif), and encapsulated it into transferrin-conjugated silver quantum-dots (zn-rif-tf-qd) to improve delivery in macrophages. successful synthesis of zn-rif and zn-rif-tf-qd was confirmed by uv/vis-spectroscopy, tem, ftir, photolumine ... | 2016 | 27113139 |
| novel potential diagnostic test for mycobacterium tuberculosis complex using combined immunomagnetic separation (ims) and pcr-ctpp. | to exploit immunomagnetic separation combined with pcr with confronting two-pair primers (ims-pcr-ctpp) as a rapid method for detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtc) and identification of mycobacterium bovis from sputum specimens. | 2016 | 27111352 |
| esat-6-dependent cytosolic pattern recognition drives noncognate tuberculosis control in vivo. | ifn-γ is a critical mediator of host defense against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) infection. antigen-specific cd4+ t cells have long been regarded as the main producer of ifn-γ in tuberculosis (tb), and cd4+ t cell immunity is the main target of current tb vaccine candidates. however, given the recent failures of such a tb vaccine candidate in clinical trials, strategies to harness cd4-independent mechanisms of protection should be included in future vaccine design. here, we have reported th ... | 2016 | 27111234 |
| fasciola hepatica infection reduces mycobacterium bovis burden and mycobacterial uptake and suppresses the pro-inflammatory response. | bovine tuberculosis (btb), caused by mycobacterium bovis, has an annual incidence in cattle of 0.5% in the republic of ireland and 4.7% in the uk, despite long-standing eradication programmes being in place. failure to achieve complete eradication is multifactorial, but the limitations of diagnostic tests are significant complicating factors. previously, we have demonstrated that fasciola hepatica infection, highly prevalent in these areas, induced reduced sensitivity of the standard diagnostic ... | 2016 | 27108767 |
| modelling the role of multi-transmission routes in the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in cattle and buffalo populations. | a mathematical model that describes the transmission dynamics of bovine tuberculosis (btb) in both buffalo and cattle populations is proposed. the model incorporates cross-infection and contaminated environment transmission routes. a full analysis of the model is undertaken. the reproduction number of the entire model is comprised of cross-infection and contaminated parameters. this underscores the importance of including both cross-infection and contaminated environment transmission routes. cru ... | 2016 | 27105864 |
| draft genome sequence of the vaccination strain mycobacterium bovis bcg s4-jena. | here, we present the draft genome sequence of italic! mycobacterium bovisbcg s4-jena, a tuberculosis vaccine strain. the genome of s4-jena is represented by 48 scaffolds, consisting of 132 scaffolded contigs and amounting to a size of about 4.2 mb. new genes potentially encoding a phage fragment were identified in the genome. | 2016 | 27103721 |
| tumor in chest wall caused by mycobacterium bovis bcg infection: identification on polymerase chain reaction of formalin-fixed specimen. | 2016 | 27095679 | |
| antitumor activity of recombinant bacille calmette-guérin secreting interleukin-15-ag85b fusion protein against bladder cancer. | mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) is used for the treatment of bladder cancer. the recruitment of neutrophlis to the bladder after bcg instillation exerts anti-tumor activity against bladder tumor. we have recently demonstrated that interleukin (il)-17a produced by γδ t cells played a role in the recruitment of neutrophlis to the bladder after bcg instillation. il-15 is known to play an important role in neutrophil migration during inflammation. we previously constructed a recom ... | 2016 | 27093372 |
| mesenteric lymph node granulomatous lesions in naturally infected wild boar (sus scrofa) in portugal--histological, immunohistochemical and molecular aspects. | several studies have demonstrated that wildlife reservoirs of mycobacteria are responsible for the maintenance and spreading of the infection to livestock and wildlife counterparts. recent data report the role of wild boar (sus scrofa) as a reservoir for mycobacterium bovis. this study was conducted to evaluate the chronic inflammatory response in the mesenteric lymph nodes (mln) of wild boar with granulomatous lymphadenitis (n=30). morphological parameters of the lesions were recorded. the expr ... | 2016 | 27090622 |
| the stability of plasma ip-10 enhances its utility for the diagnosis of mycobacterium bovis infection in african buffaloes (syncerus caffer). | the measurement of interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (ip-10) in antigen-stimulated whole blood is a sensitive biomarker of mycobacterium bovis infection in african buffaloes (syncerus caffer). however, this species often occurs in remote locations and diagnostic samples must be transported to centralised laboratories for processing. in humans, plasma ip-10 is highly stable and this feature contributes to its diagnostic utility; for this reason we aimed to characterize the stability of this mol ... | 2016 | 27090621 |
| recombinant mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin expressing ag85b-il-7 fusion protein enhances il-17a-producing innate γδ t cells. | interleukin 7 (il-7) has an important function in the development and maintenance of il-17a+ γδ t cells. we here constructed a recombinant mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin expressing antigen 85b (ag85b)-il-7 fusion protein (rbcg-ag85b-il-7). the ag85b-il-7 fusion protein and il-7 were detected in the bacterial lysate of rbcg-ag85b-il-7. rbcg-ag85b-il-7 was the same in number as control rbcg expressing ag85b (rbcg-ag85b) in the lung at the early stage after intravenous inoculation, wh ... | 2016 | 27079930 |
| the web-based dna vaccine database dnavaxdb and its usage for rational dna vaccine design. | a dna vaccine is a vaccine that uses a mammalian expression vector to express one or more protein antigens and is administered in vivo to induce an adaptive immune response. since the 1990s, a significant amount of research has been performed on dna vaccines and the mechanisms behind them. to meet the needs of the dna vaccine research community, we created dnavaxdb ( http://www.violinet.org/dnavaxdb ), the first web-based database and analysis resource of experimentally verified dna vaccines. al ... | 2016 | 27076334 |
| the mc2-cmx vaccine induces an enhanced immune response against mycobacterium tuberculosis compared to bacillus calmette-guérin but with similar lung inflammatory effects. | although the attenuated mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) vaccine has been used since 1921, tuberculosis (tb) control still proceeds at a slow pace. the main reason is the variable efficacy of bcg protection against tb among adults, which ranges from 0-80%. subsequently, the mc2-cmx vaccine was developed with promising results. nonetheless, this recombinant vaccine needs to be compared to the standard bcg vaccine. the objective of this study was to evaluate the immune response i ... | 2016 | 27074251 |
| pulmonary tuberculosis due to mycobacterium bovis revealed by skin lesion in slaughterhouse worker. | a 46-year-old male patient who has worked as a butcher was admitted to the hospital with an unhealing wound on the dorsal side of his hand. incisional biopsy was performed from the lesion and histopathological diagnosis revealed a granulomatous inflammatory process, compatible with tuberculosis. the patient was directed to the department of chest diseases for further investigation in terms of pulmonary tuberculosis (tb) infection. on the chest x-ray and thoracic ct scan, a minimal infiltration w ... | 2016 | 27061914 |
| association of human antibodies to arabinomannan with enhanced mycobacterial opsonophagocytosis and intracellular growth reduction. | the relevance of antibodies (abs) in the defense against mycobacterium tuberculosis infection remains uncertain. we investigated the role of abs to the mycobacterial capsular polysaccharide arabinomannan (am) and its oligosaccharide (os) fragments in humans. | 2016 | 27056953 |
| occurrence and distribution of bovine tuberculosis (mycobacterium bovis) in slaughtered cattle in the abattoirs of bauchi state, nigeria. | this study was aimed to determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (btb) in slaughtered cattle in bauchi state, nigeria. the cause (s) of grossly suspected btb lesions encountered at the abattoirs during post-mortem (pm), as whether due to mycobacterium bovis alone or together with other acid fast bacilli (afb). | 2015 | 27047110 |
| the genetic population structure of mycobacterium bovis strains isolated from cattle slaughtered at the yaoundé and douala abattoirs in cameroon. | bovine tuberculosis is still prevalent and under-evaluated in cattle destined for human consumption in cameroon. potential reservoirs of the disease include livestock imported from countries endemic for bovine tuberculosis, such as nigeria and chad, and potential residual reservoirs in local livestock and wildlife. few studies have been done in cameroon to genotype the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtc) strains responsible for bovine tuberculosis. the aim of this work is to describe the po ... | 2015 | 27044168 |
| virulent mycobacterium bovis beijing strain activates the nlrp7 inflammasome in thp-1 macrophages. | mycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of tuberculosis in a wide range of mammals, including humans. macrophages are the first line of host defense. they secrete proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 beta (il-1β), in response to mycobacterial infection, but the underlying mechanisms by which human macrophages are activated and release il-1β following m. bovis infection are poorly understood. here we show that the 'nucleotide binding and oligomerization of domain-like receptor (nlr ... | 2016 | 27043315 |
| complete genome sequence of mycobacterium bovis strain bcg-1 (russia). | mycobacterium bovisbcg (bacille calmette-guérin) is a vaccine strain used for protection against tuberculosis. here, we announce the complete genome sequence ofm. bovisstrain bcg-1 (russia). extensive use of this strain necessitates the study of its genome stability by comparative analysis. | 2016 | 27034492 |
| oral administration of heat-inactivated mycobacterium bovis reduces the response of farmed red deer to avian and bovine tuberculin. | orally delivered mycobacterial antigens may not sensitize the immunized animals causing a positive tuberculin skin test response. as the first step to address this critical issue, we characterized the response of farmed red deer (cervus elaphus) to orally delivered heat-inactivated mycobacterium bovis. thirty-two adult red deer hinds from a farm known to be free of tuberculosis (tb) were randomly assigned to two different treatment groups, immunized (n=24) and control (n=8). immunized hinds were ... | 2016 | 27032499 |
| zoonotic tuberculosis in occupationally exposed groups in pakistan. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) remains a public health threat in low-income countries. data on human tuberculosis (tb) due to mycobacterium bovis are poorly documented in developing countries. | 2016 | 27032413 |
| comparative proteomics identifies host immune system proteins affected by infection with mycobacterium bovis. | mycobacteria of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) greatly impact human and animal health worldwide. the mycobacterial life cycle is complex, and the mechanisms resulting in pathogen infection and survival in host cells are not fully understood. eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa) are natural reservoir hosts for mtbc and a model for mycobacterial infection and tuberculosis (tb). in the wild boar tb model, mycobacterial infection affects the expression of innate and adaptive immune respons ... | 2016 | 27027307 |
| microrna-146a promotes mycobacterial survival in macrophages through suppressing nitric oxide production. | macrophages play a crucial role in host innate anti-mycobacterial defense, which is tightly regulated by multiple factors, including micrornas. our previous study showed that a panel of micrornas was markedly up-regulated in macrophages upon mycobacterial infection. here, we investigated the biological function of mir-146a during mycobacterial infection. mir-146a expression was induced both in vitro and in vivo after mycobacterium bovis bcg infection. the inducible mir-146a could suppress the in ... | 2016 | 27025258 |
| role of cattle movements in bovine tuberculosis spread in france between 2005 and 2014. | live animal movements are a major transmission route for the spread of infectious agents such as mycobacterium bovis, the main agent of bovine tuberculosis (btb). france became officially btb-free in 2001, but m. bovis is still circulating in the cattle population, with about a hundred of outbreaks per year, most located in a few geographic areas. the aim of this study was to analyse the role of cattle movements in btb spread in france between 2005 and 2014, using social network analysis and log ... | 2016 | 27019291 |
| synthesis and docking studies of pyrazine-thiazolidinone hybrid scaffold targeting dormant tuberculosis. | the persistence of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) in dormant stage assists the pathogen to develop resistance against current antimycobactrial drugs. to address this issue, we report herein the synthesis of n-(4-oxo-2 substituted thiazolidin-3 yl) pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide derivatives designed by following the molecular hybridization approach using pyrazine and thiazolidenone scaffolds. the compounds were evaluated against mtb h37ra and mycobacterium bovis bcg in dormancy model. most of the co ... | 2016 | 27017114 |
| rapid dissemination of mycobacterium bovis from cattle dung to soil by the earthworm lumbricus terrestris. | indirect transmission of mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (btb), between wildlife and livestock is thought to occur by inhalation or ingestion of environmental substrates contaminated through animal shedding. the role of the soil fauna, such as earthworms, in the circulation of m. bovis from contaminated animal feces is of interest in the epidemiology of btb. the objective of this study was to assess the impact of earthworm activity on m. bovis transfer from animal ... | 2016 | 27016750 |
| kinetics of cytokine profile in response to mycobacterium bovis bcg and streptococcus pyogenes activated cells. | the infection of epithelial cells is a necessary step for mycobacterium bovis bcg dissemination, but the mechanism of mycobacterial epithelial interactions is not completely understood. similarly, streptococcus pyogenes is a strictly human pathogen that favorably colonizes the skin and the pharynx. effective cytokine secretion is essential in order to fabricate a suitable inflammatory response against an infection. in this data article, the cytokine profile in bcg and s. pyogenes activated thp-1 ... | 2016 | 27014727 |
| mycobacterium bovis bcg interferes with mir-3619-5p control of cathepsin s in the process of autophagy. | main survival mechanism of pathogenic mycobacteria is to escape inimical phagolysosomal environment inside the macrophages. many efforts have been made to unravel the molecular mechanisms behind this process. however, little is known about the involvement of micrornas (mirnas) in the regulation of phagolysosomal biosynthesis and maturation. based on a bottom up approach, we searched for mirnas that were involved in phagolysosomal processing events in the course of mycobacterial infection of macr ... | 2016 | 27014637 |
| nitric oxide production inhibition and anti-mycobacterial activity of extracts and halogenated sesquiterpenes from the brazilian red alga laurencia dendroidea j. agardh. | red algae of the genus laurencia j. v. lamouroux are a rich source of secondary metabolites with important pharmacological activities such as anti-tumoral, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-leishmanial, anti-helminthic, anti-malarial, anti-trypanosomal, anti-microbial as well as anti-bacterial against mycobacterium tuberculosis. | 2015 | 27013803 |
| novel tetrazoloquinoline-rhodanine conjugates: highly efficient synthesis and biological evaluation. | in search of new active molecules against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) h37ra and mycobacterium bovis bcg, a small focused library of rhodanine incorporated tetrazoloquinoline has been efficiently synthesized by using [hdbu][hso4] acidic ionic liquid. the compound 3c found to be promising inhibitor of mtb h37ra and m. bovis bcg characterized by lower mic values 4.5 and 2.0 μg/ml, respectively. the active compounds were further tested for cytotoxicity against hela, thp-1, a549 and panc-1 cell ... | 2016 | 27013391 |
| presence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in alpacas (lama pacos) inhabiting the chilean altiplano. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the etiologic agent of paratuberculosis. the organism causes disease in both domestically managed and wild ruminant species. south american camelids have a long, shared history with indigenous people in the andes. over the last few decades, increasing numbers of alpacas were exported to numerous countries outside south america. no paratuberculosis surveillance has been reported for these source herds. in this study, individual fecal samples fr ... | 2016 | 27010259 |
| potent antigen-adjuvant delivery system by conjugation of mycobacterium tuberculosis ag85b-hspx fusion protein with arabinogalactan-poly(i:c) conjugate. | protein-based vaccine is promising to improve or replace mycobacterium bovis bcg vaccine for its specificity, safety, and easy production. however, protein-based vaccine calls for potent adjuvants and improved delivery systems to protect against mycobacterium tuberculosis. poly(i:c) is one of the most potent pathogen-associated molecular patterns that signals primarily via tlr3. arabinogalactan (ag) is a biocompatible polysaccharide that can increase splenocyte proliferation and stimulate macrop ... | 2016 | 27002920 |
| tuberculosis in antelopes in a zoo in poland--problem of public health. | bovine tuberculosis is an infectious disease that occurs in many species of both domestic and wild animals, as well as those held in captivity. the etiological factor is the acid resistant bacillus (mycobacterium bovis or mycobacterium caprae), which is characterized by the major pathogenicity among mycobacteria belonging to the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. the material from 8 antelopes from the zoo, suspected for tuberculosis were examined, and m. bovis strains were isolated from 6 of th ... | 2015 | 26999962 |