Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| vegetative bacillus amyloliquefaciens cells do not confer protection against necrotic enteritis in broilers despite high antibacterial activity of its supernatant against clostridium perfringens in vitro. | in this study, the effect of bacillus amyloliquefaciens on clostridium perfringens was tested in vitro and in vivo. using an agar well diffusion assay, the inhibitory activity of b. amyloliquefaciens supernatant was analysed against a large collection of netb-positive and netb-negative c. perfringens strains. although strong growth inhibiting activity was detected against all c. perfringens isolates, it was significantly higher against virulent netb-positive c. perfringens strains compared with ... | 2016 | 27122203 |
| the c-terminal domain of clostridium perfringens alpha toxin as a vaccine candidate against bovine necrohemorrhagic enteritis. | bovine necrohemorrhagic enteritis is caused by clostridium perfringens and leads to sudden death. alpha toxin, together with perfringolysin o, has been identified as the principal toxin involved in the pathogenesis. we assessed the potential of alpha toxin as a vaccine antigen. using an intestinal loop model in calves, we investigated the protection afforded by antisera raised against native alpha toxin or its non-toxic c-terminal fragment against c. perfringens-induced intestinal necrosis. immu ... | 2016 | 27121298 |
| a novel drug delivery system for the human nasal epithelium. | the epithelium of upper respiratory tissues such as the human nasal mucosa forms a continuous barrier via tight junctions (tjs). the development of a drug delivery system for use across the nasal mucosa is being reconsidered. in intranasal administration across the nasal mucosa, the paracellular pathway regulated by tjs is extremely important. it is known that the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (c-cpe) binds the tj protein claudin and disrupts the tight junctional bar ... | 2016 | 27116461 |
| water sources in a zoological park harbor genetically diverse strains of clostridium perfringens type a with decreased susceptibility to metronidazole. | the presence of clostridium perfringens in water is generally regarded as an indicator of fecal contamination, and exposure to waterborne spores is considered a possible source of infection for animals. we assessed the presence and genetic diversity of c. perfringens in water sources in a zoological park located in madrid (spain). a total of 48 water samples from 24 different sources were analyzed, and recovered isolates were toxinotyped, genotyped by fluorophore-enhanced repetitive polymerase c ... | 2016 | 27115499 |
| specific binding of a mutated fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin to endothelial claudin-5 and its modulation of cerebral vascular permeability. | the vertebrate blood-brain barrier (bbb) creates an obstacle for central nervous system-related drug delivery. claudin-5 (cldn5), expressed in large quantities in bbb, plays a vital role in restricting bbb permeability. the c-terminal domain of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (ccpe) has been verified as binding to a subset of claudins (cldns). the cldn5-binding ccpe194-319 variant ccpey306w/s313h was applied in this study to investigate its ability to modulate the permeability of zebrafish l ... | 2016 | 27095710 |
| the interaction of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin with receptor claudins. | clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) has significant medical importance due to its involvement in several common human gastrointestinal diseases. this 35 kda single polypeptide toxin consists of two domains: a c-terminal domain involved in receptor binding and an n-terminal domain involved in oligomerization, membrane insertion and pore formation. the action of cpe starts with its binding to receptors, which include certain members of the claudin tight junction protein family; bound cpe the ... | 2016 | 27090847 |
| analysis of the spore membrane proteome in clostridium perfringens implicates cyanophycin in spore assembly. | heat-resistant endospore formation plays an important role in clostridium perfringens-associated foodborne illnesses. the spores allow the bacterium to survive heating during normal cooking processes, followed by germination and outgrowth of the bacterium in contaminated foods. to identify proteins associated with germination and other spore functions, a comparative spore membrane proteome analysis of dormant and germinated spores of c. perfringens strain sm101 was performed by using gel-based p ... | 2016 | 27068591 |
| the cpal system regulates changes of the trans-epithelial resistance of human enterocytes during clostridium perfringens type c infection. | clostridium perfringens type c strains produce severe disease in humans and animals including enterotoxaemia and hemorrhagic diarrhea. type c disease is mediated by production of toxins that damage the site of infection inducing loss of bloody fluids. production of type c toxins, such as cpa, pfo, and, cpb is regulated by the c. perfringens agr-like (cpal) quorum sensing (qs) system. the cpal system is also required to recapitulate, in vivo, intestinal signs of c. perfringens type c-induced dise ... | 2016 | 27063897 |
| ex vivo pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship of valnemulin against clostridium perfringens in plasma, the small intestinal and caecal contents of rabbits. | the pharmacokinetic (pk) and ex vivo pharmacodynamic (pd) of valnemulin against clostridium perfringens were investigated in plasma, the small intestinal and caecal contents of rabbits following intravenous (iv) or oral administration at 3 mg/kg bodyweight (bw). the postantibiotic effect (pae) and postantibiotic sub-mic effect (pa-sme) of valnemulin against c. perfringens atcc13124 were also determined. the time-kill curves were established in vitro and ex vivo to evaluate the antibacterial acti ... | 2016 | 27060276 |
| detection of clostridium perfringens alpha toxin gene in lambs by loop mediated isothermal amplification. | the loop mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) was standardized for rapid detection of clostridium perfringens. | 2016 | 27051186 |
| clostridium perfringens infection in a febrile patient with severe hemolytic anemia. | clostridium perfringens (c. perfringens) can cause various infections, including gas gangrene, crepitant cellulitis, and fasciitis. while c. perfringens sepsis is uncommon, it is often rapidly fatal because the alpha toxin of this bacterium induces massive intravascular hemolysis by disrupting red blood cell membranes. | 2016 | 27049736 |
| immunization with a novel clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin mutant retx(y196e)-c confers strong protection in mice. | epsilon toxin (etx) is produced by toxinotypes b and d of clostridium perfringens. it can induce lethal enterotoxemia in domestic animals, mainly in sheep, goats and cattle, causing serious economic losses to global animal husbandry. in this study, a novel and stable epsilon toxin mutant retx(y196e)-c, obtained by substituting the 196th tyrosine (y196) with glutamic acid (e) and introducing of 23 amino acids long c-terminal peptide, was determined as a promising recombinant vaccine candidate aga ... | 2016 | 27048879 |
| ega protects mammalian cells from clostridium difficile cdt, clostridium perfringens iota toxin and clostridium botulinum c2 toxin. | the pathogenic bacteria clostridium difficile, clostridium perfringens and clostridium botulinum produce the binary actin adp-ribosylating toxins cdt, iota and c2, respectively. these toxins are composed of a transport component (b) and a separate enzyme component (a). when both components assemble on the surface of mammalian target cells, the b components mediate the entry of the a components via endosomes into the cytosol. here, the a components adp-ribosylate g-actin, resulting in depolymeriz ... | 2016 | 27043629 |
| the details of glycolipid glycan hydrolysis by the structural analysis of a family 123 glycoside hydrolase from clostridium perfringens. | clostridium perfringens is an opportunistic pathogen of humans and animals whose genome encodes a wide variety of putative carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes that are increasingly being shown to be directed toward the cleavage of host glycans. among these putative enzymes is a member of glycoside hydrolase family 123. here we show that the recombinant enzyme (referred to as cpnga123) encoded by the gene cloned from c. perfringens strain atcc 13124 (locus tag cpf_1473) is a β-n-acetylgalactosaminid ... | 2016 | 27038508 |
| fatal clostridium perfringens sepsis due to emphysematous gastritis and literature review. | a 76-year-old female patient was admitted to the level i emergency department of university of szeged with severe abdominal pain and vomiting. the clinical assessment with laboratory tests and radiological investigations confirmed severe sepsis associated with intravascular hemolysis and multiorgan failure and acute pancreatitis. on the abdominal ct, besides of other abnormalities, the presence of gas bubbles in the stomach, small intestines and liver were seen. the gastric alterations pointed t ... | 2016 | 27036998 |
| fluorescently labeled bacteria provide insight on post-mortem microbial transmigration. | microbially mediated mechanisms of human decomposition begin immediately after death, and are a driving force for the conversion of a once living organism to a resource of energy and nutrients. little is known about post-mortem microbiology in cadavers, particularly the community structure of microflora residing within the cadaver and the dynamics of these communities during decomposition. recent work suggests these bacterial communities undergo taxa turnover and shifts in community composition ... | 2016 | 27032615 |
| claudin-4 binder c-cpe 194 enhances effects of anticancer agents on pancreatic cancer cell lines via a mapk pathway. | the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (c-cpe) modulates the tight junction protein claudin and disrupts the tight junctional barrier. it also can enhance the effectiveness of anticancer agents. however, the detailed mechanisms of the effects of c-cpe remain unclear in both normal and cancerous cells. the c-cpe mutant called c-cpe 194 binds only to claudin-4, but the c-cpe 194 mutant called c-cpe m19 binds not only to claudin-4 but also to claudin-1. in the present study, ... | 2015 | 27022469 |
| cpe1786/iscr of clostridium perfringens represses expression of genes involved in fe-s cluster biogenesis. | cpe1786 of clostridium perfringens is an rrf2-type regulator containing the three-cysteine residues coordinating a fe-s in iscr, the repressor controlling fe-s homeostasis in enterobacteria. the cpe1786 gene formed an operon with iscsu involved in fe-s biogenesis and tmru. this operon was transcribed from a σ(a)-dependent promoter. we showed that in the heterologous host bacillus subtilis, cpe1786, renamed iscrcp, negatively controlled its own transcription. we constructed an iscr mutant in c. p ... | 2016 | 27020244 |
| clostridium perfringens: comparative effects of heat and osmotic stress on non-enterotoxigenic and enterotoxigenic strains. | clostridium perfringens isolates associated with food poisoning carries a chromosomal cpe gene, while non-foodborne human gastrointestinal disease isolates carry a plasmid cpe gene. the enterotoxigenic strains tested produced vegetative cells and spores with significantly higher resistance than non-enterotoxigenic strains. these results suggest that the vegetative cells and spores have a competitive advantage over non-enterotoxigenic strains. however, no explanation has been provided for the sig ... | 2016 | 27012900 |
| oral immunization of mice against clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin with a lactobacillus casei vector vaccine expressing epsilon toxoid. | clostridium perfringens type d infects ruminants and causes the enterotoxemia disease by ε-toxin. a mutated ε-toxin gene lacking toxicity was designed, synthesized, and cloned into the pt1nx vector and electroporated into lactobacillus casei competent cells to yield lc-pt1nx-ε recombinant strain. balb/c mice, immunized orally with this strain, highly induced mucosal, humoral, and cell-mediated immune responses and developed a protection against 200 mld/ml of the activated ε-toxin. this study sho ... | 2016 | 27012151 |
| isolation and genotyping of clostridium perfringens from free-living south american coati (nasua nasua). | the importance of clostridium perfringens for most wild animal species remains unclear. this study aimed to isolate and genotype c. perfringens in stool samples from free-living south american coati (nasua nasua) in brazil. forty-six free-living n. nasua were trapped and stool samples were collected. two different protocols for c. perfringens isolation were tested: direct plating onto selective agar and pre-enrichment in broth followed by plating in selective agar. clostridium perfringens type a ... | 2016 | 27010297 |
| antibody response to epsilon toxin of clostridium perfringens in captive red deer (cervus elaphus) over a 13-month period. | deer are sensitive to clostridial diseases, and vaccination with clostridial toxoids is the method of choice to prevent these infections in ruminants. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the serologic responses in red deer (cervus elaphus) over a 13-mo period after vaccination with a multivalent clostridial vaccine, containing an aluminium hydroxide adjuvant. antibody production to the clostridium perfringens type d epsilon toxin component of the vaccine was measured using an indirect enzy ... | 2016 | 27010263 |
| netb and necrotic enteritis: the hole movable story. | clostridium perfringens is the primary causative agent of avian necrotic enteritis. our understanding of the pathogenesis of this economically important disease has been enhanced by the discovery of c. perfringens netb toxin, which belongs to the α-haemolysin family of β-pore-forming toxins. in a chicken disease model, the analysis of an isogenic set of strains comprising the wild type, a netb mutant, and its complemented derivative, fulfilled molecular koch's postulates and revealed that netb w ... | 2016 | 27009522 |
| non-clostridium perfringens infectious agents producing necrotic enteritis-like lesions in poultry. | necrotic enteritis (ne) produced by clostridium perfringens is amongst the most prevalent enteric diseases of chickens and turkeys. however, several other bacterial, parasitic and viral agents can cause clinical signs, gross and microscopic lesions in poultry very similar to those of ne and the diseases produced by those agents need to be differentiated from ne. the main differential diagnoses for c. perfringens ne include bacterial (clostridium colinum, clostridium sordellii, clostridium diffic ... | 2016 | 27009483 |
| qsar modeling and molecular interaction analysis of natural compounds as potent neuraminidase inhibitors. | different qsar models of 40 natural compounds as neuraminidase inhibitors (nis) are developed to comprehend chemical-biological interactions and predict activities against neuraminidase (na) from clostridium perfringens. based on the constitutional, topological and conformational descriptors, r(2) and q(2) values of the obtained sra model are 0.931 and 0.856. the r(2) and q(2) values of the constructed hqsar and almond models are 0.903 and 0.767, 0.904 and 0.511, respectively. based on the pharm ... | 2016 | 27008437 |
| effects of thymol and carvacrol supplementation on intestinal integrity and immune responses of broiler chickens challenged with clostridium perfringens. | necrotic enteritis caused by clostridium perfringens infection leads to serious economic losses in the global poultry production. in the present study, we investigated the protective effects of essential oils (eo, which contained 25 % thymol and 25 % carvacrol as active components) supplementation on growth performance, gut lesions, intestinal morphology, and immune responses of the broiler chickens infected with c. perfringens. a total of 448 1-day-old male broiler chicks were allocated into ei ... | 2016 | 27006768 |
| perfringolysin o theta toxin as a tool to monitor the distribution and inhomogeneity of cholesterol in cellular membranes. | cholesterol is an essential structural component of cellular membranes in eukaryotes. cholesterol in the exofacial leaflet of the plasma membrane is thought to form membrane nanodomains with sphingolipids and specific proteins. additionally, cholesterol is found in the intracellular membranes of endosomes and has crucial functions in membrane trafficking. furthermore, cellular cholesterol homeostasis and regulation of de novo synthesis rely on transport via both vesicular and non-vesicular pathw ... | 2016 | 27005662 |
| immunogenicity of a trivalent recombinant vaccine against clostridium perfringens alpha, beta, and epsilon toxins in farm ruminants. | clostridium perfringens is an anaerobic bacterium that produces several toxins. of these, the alpha, beta, and epsilon toxins are responsible for causing the most severe c. perfringens-related diseases in farm animals. the best way to control these diseases is through vaccination. however, commercially available vaccines are based on inactivated toxins and have many production drawbacks, which can be overcome through the use of recombinant antigens. in this study, we produced recombinant alpha, ... | 2016 | 27004612 |
| recent breakthroughs have unveiled the many knowledge gaps in clostridium perfringens-associated necrotic enteritis in chickens: the first international conference on necrotic enteritis in poultry. | 2016 | 27003036 | |
| clostridium perfringens enterotoxin: action, genetics, and translational applications. | clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) is responsible for causing the gastrointestinal symptoms of several c. perfringens food- and nonfood-borne human gastrointestinal diseases. the enterotoxin gene (cpe) is located on either the chromosome (for most c. perfringens type a food poisoning strains) or large conjugative plasmids (for the remaining type a food poisoning and most, if not all, other cpe-producing strains). in all cpe-positive strains, the cpe gene is strongly associated with insert ... | 2016 | 26999202 |
| severe sepsis due to clostridium perfringens bacteremia of urinary origin: a case report and systematic review. | clostridium perfringens bacteremia is an uncommon yet serious clinical syndrome that typically arises from a gastrointestinal source. however, clinicians should consider nongastrointestinal sources as well. we present a rare case of c. perfringens bacteremia of urinary origin that required surgical intervention for definitive treatment. a 61-year-old male presented with acute nausea and vomiting, altered mental status, and chronic diarrhea. his physical exam revealed right costovertebral tendern ... | 2016 | 26998370 |
| antimicrobial activities of six essential oils commonly used as condiments in brazil against clostridium perfringens. | despite recent advances in food production technology, food-borne diseases (fbd) remain a challenging public health concern. in several countries, including brazil, clostridium perfringens is among the five main causative agents of food-borne diseases. the present study determines antimicrobial activities of essential oils of six condiments commonly used in brazil, viz., ocimum basilicum l. (basil), rosmarinus officinalis l. (rosemary), origanum majorana l. (marjoram), mentha × piperita l. var. ... | 2017 | 26991289 |
| matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry for identification of clostridium species isolated from saudi arabia. | the aim of this study was to identify different clostridium spp. isolated from currency notes from the ha'il region of saudi arabia in september 2014 using maldi-tof-ms. clostridium spp. were identified by bruker maldi-tof-ms and compared with vitek 2. the confirmation of the presence of different clostridium spp. was performed by determining the sequence of the 16s ribosomal rna gene. in this study, 144 clostridium spp. were isolated. among these specimens, maldi-tof-ms could identify 88.8% (12 ... | 2016 | 26991272 |
| efficacy of avilamycin for the prevention of necrotic enteritis caused by a pathogenic strain of clostridium perfringens in broiler chickens. | the efficacy of avilamycin for the prevention of necrotic enteritis (ne) was investigated in a 35-day floor pen study of 2200 broiler cockerels using a clostridium perfringens (cp) feed inoculum challenge model. treatments consisted of (1) nonmedicated, nonchallenged; (2) nonmedicated, challenged; (3) avilamycin at 15 ppm, challenged; (4) avilamycin at 30 ppm, challenged. avilamycin was administered in the feed from day 7 to day 30 of the study. challenge inoculum was administered on day 14 and ... | 2016 | 26981841 |
| pathology and diagnosis of necrotic enteritis: is it clear-cut? | the ability to correctly recognize the disease necrotic enteritis (ne) is important not only to those involved in control and treatment of the disease at farm level, but it is also critically important to the search for virulence factors, since a fundamental part of that process is the correct assignation of strains of clostridium perfringens with respect to virulence. thus, diagnosticians and investigators need to be able to correctly recognize the lesions of ne. to do this, they must be able t ... | 2016 | 26981703 |
| an unusual necrotic myositis by clostridium perfringens in a german shepherd dog: a clinical report, bacteriological and molecular identification. | clostridial myositis, considered to be rare in pet animals, is an acutely fatal toxaemic condition. some species of clostridia are responsible for necrotic myositis. a 2-year-old male german shepherd dog was admitted with non-weight bearing lameness and massive swelling of the left hind limb. clostridium perfringens type a with alpha toxin was diagnosed as a pathogenic agent. based on the history, the bacteria were introduced inside the tissue via contaminated needle following intramuscular inje ... | 2015 | 26973773 |
| genotyping of clostridium perfringens isolated from broiler meat in northeastern of iran. | clostridium perfringens (c. perfringens) is an important cause of bacterial food poisoning worldwide. the disease is caused by c. perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) encoded by cpe gene. the aim of this research was to identify the different types of c. perfringens and the presence of cpe gene in isolated bacteria from broilers' meat marketed in retail meat shops of mashhad city in northeastern of iran. after isolation of c. perfringens using conventional culture method and confirmation by specific 16 ... | 2015 | 26973762 |
| use of allicin as feed additive to enhance vaccination capacity of clostridium perfringens toxoid in rabbits. | the present study assessed the efficacy of clostridium perfringens (c. perfringens) toxoid and/or allicin - as feed additive - in rabbits for preventing or minimizing the severity of infection with locally isolated strain of c. perfringens type a. serum biochemical, immunological and pathological investigations were also done. one hundred rabbits of 6 weeks of age were divided into five equal groups (g1-g5). g1 were kept as normal control. g2 was allocated for c. perfringens type a infection. g3 ... | 2016 | 26973070 |
| transcriptional profile during deoxycholate-induced sporulation in a clostridium perfringens isolate causing foodborne illness. | clostridium perfringens type a is a common source of foodborne illness (fbi) in humans. vegetative cells sporulate in the small intestinal tract and produce the major pathogenic factor c. perfringens enterotoxin. although sporulation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of fbi, the mechanisms inducing sporulation remain unclear. bile salts were shown previously to induce sporulation, and we confirmed deoxycholate (dca)-induced sporulation in c. perfringens strain nctc8239 cocultured with hu ... | 2016 | 26969700 |
| effects of heat stress on the formation of splenic germinal centres and immunoglobulins in broilers infected by clostridium perfringens type a. | avian necrotic enteritis (ne) induced by clostridium perfringens is a disease that affects mainly the first weeks of poultry's life. the pathogenesis of ne is complex and involves the combination of several factors, such as co-infection with different species of coccidia, immunosuppression and stress. stress is one of the main limiting factors in poultry production. although several studies emphasized the effects of stress on immunity, few works analyzed these effects on immunoglobulins and on g ... | 2016 | 26964716 |
| the gut-brain axis interactions during heat stress and avian necrotic enteritis. | the gut-brain axis is known to modulate behavioral and immune responses in animals; evidence supporting this modulation in chickens, however, is elusive. here, we analyzed the effects of heat stress and/orclostridium perfringens (cp) infection on behavior, intestinal morphology, brain activity, and corticosterone serum levels in chickens. broilers were randomly divided into 5 equal groups: a naïve group (n), a thioglycolate group (t), a thioglycolate heat-stressed group (t/hs35), an infected gro ... | 2016 | 26957631 |
| the role of host genetic factors and host immunity in necrotic enteritis. | the increasing number of legislative restrictions and the voluntary withdrawal of antibiotic growth promoters worldwide will continue to impact poultry health and production. the rising incidence of clostridium infections and development of necrotic enteritis (ne) in commercial chickens has been associated with the withdrawal of antibiotics. high-throughput genomic analysis of intestinal tissues from ne-afflicted chickens showed alterations in the local immunity and gut microbiota. therefore, a ... | 2016 | 26957203 |
| effects of bacillus licheniformis on the growth performance and expression of lipid metabolism-related genes in broiler chickens challenged with clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis. | necrotic enteritis (ne), caused by clostridium perfringens, has cost the poultry industry $2 billion in losses. this study aimed to investigate the effect of bacillus licheniformis as dietary supplement on the growth, serum antioxidant status, and expression of lipid-metabolism genes of broiler chickens with c. perfringens-induced ne. | 2016 | 26957116 |
| effect of yeast-derived products and distillers dried grains with solubles (ddgs) on growth performance and local innate immune response of broiler chickens challenged with clostridium perfringens. | this study evaluated the effect of yeast-derived products on growth performance, gut lesion score, intestinal population of clostridium perfringens, and local innate immunity of broiler chickens challenged with c. perfringens. one-day-old broiler chickens were randomly assigned to eight dietary treatments providing six replicate pens of 55 birds each per treatment. dietary treatments consisted of control diets without and with c. perfringens challenge, and diets containing bacitracin methylene d ... | 2016 | 26956683 |
| quantitative microbial risk assessment for clostridium perfringens in natural and processed cheeses. | this study evaluated the risk of clostridium perfringens (c. perfringens) foodborne illness from natural and processed cheeses. microbial risk assessment in this study was conducted according to four steps: hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. the hazard identification of c. perfringens on cheese was identified through literature, and dose response models were utilized for hazard characterization of the pathogen. for exposure assessment, ... | 2016 | 26954204 |
| heat production and energy efficiency of broilers infected with necrotic enteritis. | necrotic enteritis (ne) in poultry is the most important bacterial disease in terms of economic losses. the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of an experimental challenge with necrotic enteritis on respiration and heat production in birds pretreated with dietary acylated starch or antibiotics (ab) zinc bacitracin (50 mg/kg) plus salinomycin (60 mg/kg). in total, 48 1-day-old ross 308 male broilers were assigned to floor pens until day 10. on day 11, birds were randomly placed in ... | 2016 | 26953943 |
| association of beta2-positive clostridium perfringens type a with focal duodenal necrosis in egg-laying chickens in the united states. | focal duodenal necrosis (fdn) is a poorly understood intestinal disease of egg layers, and has been associated with drops in egg production and decreased egg weights. the etiology of this disease is still unknown, but the condition has been associated with clostridium colinum and clostridium perfringens. in order to investigate the etiology, duodenal samples were taken from hens with fdn. the hens originated from table egg layer farms in three states. the samples were examined by histopathology, ... | 2016 | 26953942 |
| pathology in practice. clostridium perfringens. | 2016 | 26953912 | |
| molecular characterization of clostridium perfringens strains isolated from diseased turkeys in italy. | one hundred and six clostridium perfringens field strains, isolated from diseased turkeys in italy between 2006 and 2015, were toxinotyped by polymerase chain reaction. strains were derived from intestines (87), livers (17) and subcutaneous tissues (2). in addition to the four major toxins, strains were also screened for netb toxin, enterotoxin and beta2 toxin encoding genes. the intestinal gross lesions of turkeys with enteric disorders were statistically studied with respect to the presence of ... | 2016 | 26950690 |
| poultry management: a useful tool for the control of necrotic enteritis in poultry. | the intestinal ecosystem of poultry has been inevitably changed as a result of the ban of antimicrobial growth promoters. the re-emergence of necrotic enteritis has been the most significant threat for the poultry industry, which, in clinical form, causes high mortality and in subclinical forms, affects growth and feed conversion. it is one of the most common and economically devastating bacterial diseases in modern broiler flocks in terms of performance, welfare and mortality. necrotic enteriti ... | 2016 | 26950433 |
| microbial shifts associated with necrotic enteritis. | an outbreak of necrotic enteritis (ne) is a complex process requiring one or a number of predisposing factors rather than just the presence of pathogenic clostridium perfringens. examples are dietary influences, such as high levels of non-starch polysaccharides and fishmeal, and factors that evoke epithelial cell damage, such as fusarium mycotoxins in feed and eimeria infections. recent studies have shown that different predisposing factors induce similar shifts in the intestinal microbiota comp ... | 2016 | 26950294 |
| genomic diversity of necrotic enteritis-associated strains of clostridium perfringens: a review. | the investigation of genomic variation between clostridium perfringens isolates from poultry has been an important tool to enhance our understanding of the genetic basis of strain pathogenicity and the epidemiology of virulent and avirulent strains within the context of necrotic enteritis (ne). the earliest studies used whole genome profiling techniques such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to differentiate isolates and determine their relative levels of relatedness. dna sequencing has been u ... | 2016 | 26949841 |
| vaginal and rectal clostridium sordellii and clostridium perfringens presence among women in the united states. | to characterize the presence of clostridium sordellii and clostridium perfringens in the vagina and rectum, identify correlates of presence, and describe strain diversity and presence of key toxins. | 2016 | 26942366 |
| rearing room affects the non-dominant chicken cecum microbiota, while diet affects the dominant microbiota. | the combined effect of environment and diet in shaping the gut microbiota remains largely unknown. this knowledge, however, is important for animal welfare and safe food production. for these reasons, we determined the effect of experimental units on the chicken cecum microbiota for a full factorial experiment where we tested the combined effect of room, diet, and antimicrobial treatment. by illumina deep sequencing of the 16s rrna gene, we found that diet mainly affected the dominant microbiota ... | 2016 | 26942187 |
| evaluation of two raw diets vs a commercial cooked diet on feline growth. | objectives the objective of this study was to determine if two raw feline diets were nutritionally adequate for kittens. methods twenty-four 9-week-old kittens underwent an association of american feed control officials' (aafco) 10 week growth feeding trial with two raw diet groups and one cooked diet group (eight kittens in each). morphometric measurements (weight, height and length), complete blood counts, serum chemistry, whole blood taurine and fecal cultures were evaluated. results overall, ... | 2017 | 26927818 |
| timing of predisposing factors is important in necrotic enteritis models. | since the ban of antimicrobial growth promotors, the importance of necrotic enteritis in broilers increases. reliable and reproducible infection models are required for pathogenesis studies and product screening. two major predisposing factors in necrotic enteritis models are fishmeal supplementation to feed and eimeria infection. however, many unsolved issues regarding these predisposing factors still exist. therefore, the influence of timepoint of fishmeal administration (onset on day 8 or day ... | 2016 | 26927291 |
| necrotic enteritis predisposing factors in broiler chickens. | necrotic enteritis in chickens develops as a result of infection with pathogenic strains of clostridium perfringens and the presence of predisposing factors. predisposing factors include elements that directly change the physical properties of the gut, either damaging the epithelial surface, inducing mucus production, or changing gut transit times; factors that disrupt the gut microbiota; and factors that alter the immune status of birds. in the past research into necrotic enteritis predisposing ... | 2016 | 26926926 |
| mechanism of action of a novel recombinant peptide, mp1102, against clostridium perfringens type c. | this work is the first to report the antibacterial characteristics and antibacterial mechanisms of mp1102, which is a variant of nz2114, against pathogenic clostridium perfringens. mp1102 exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against c. perfringens strains cvcc 61, cvcc 1163, and cvcc 2032 at a low minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of 0.91 μm. mp1102 showed anti-c. perfringens activity over a wide ph range of 2.0 and 10.0, high thermal stability from 20 to 80 °c, and remarkable resistance ... | 2016 | 26921181 |
| clostridium perfringens and its arsenal of toxins. | 2016 | 26917838 | |
| beta lactamase producing clostridium perfringens bacteremia in an elderly man with acute pancreatitis. | clostridium perfringens bacteremia is associated with adverse outcomes. known risk factors include chronic kidney disease, malignancy, diabetes mellitus, and gastrointestinal disease. we present a 74-year-old man admitted with confusion, vomiting, and abdominal pain. exam revealed tachycardia, hypotension, lethargy, distended abdomen, and cold extremities. he required intubation and aggressive resuscitation for septic shock. laboratory data showed leukocytosis, metabolic acidosis, acute kidney i ... | 2016 | 26904307 |
| a rapid and simple real-time pcr assay for detecting foodborne pathogenic bacteria in human feces. | a rapid, simple method for detecting foodborne pathogenic bacteria in human feces is greatly needed. here, we examined the efficacy of a method that employs a combination of a commercial pcr master mix, which is insensitive to pcr inhibitors, and a dna extraction method which used sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (sdbs), and tween 20 to counteract the inhibitory effects of sdbs on the pcr assay. this method could detect the target genes (stx1 and stx2 of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli, inva ... | 2016 | 26902211 |
| involvement of bacteria other than clostridium difficile in antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. | antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (aad) is a common and unintended consequence of antibiotic use. clostridium difficile is the most common infectious aetiology of aad; however, only approximately 25% of all aad cases are associated with c. difficile infection, with the aetiology in the majority of cases remaining undetermined. numerous other bacterial infectious agents have been implicated in aad, including clostridium perfringens, staphylococcus aureus, and klebsiella oxytoca. aad is a complex di ... | 2016 | 26897710 |
| diets enriched with cranberry beans alter the microbiota and mitigate colitis severity and associated inflammation. | common beans are rich in phenolic compounds and nondigestible fermentable components, which may help alleviate intestinal diseases. we assessed the gut health priming effect of a 20% cranberry bean flour diet from two bean varieties with differing profiles of phenolic compounds [darkening (dc) and nondarkening (ndc) cranberry beans vs. basal diet control (bd)] on critical aspects of gut health in unchallenged mice, and during dextran sodium sulfate (dss)-induced colitis (2% dss wt/vol, 7 days). ... | 2016 | 26878790 |
| an 86-year-old man with acute abdominal pain. | an 86-year-old man presented with severe pain in the upper abdomen along with fever. on physical examination, we found an arterial blood pressure of 84/43 mm hg, a heart rate of 80 bpm and a temperature of 38.3°c. the abdomen was painful and peristalsis was absent. empiric antibiotic therapy for sepsis was started with amoxicillin/clavulanate and gentamicin. ct scan of the abdomen revealed an emphysematous cholecystitis. percutaneous ultrasound-guided cholecystostomy was applied. bile cultures r ... | 2016 | 26869625 |
| plasmid characterization and chromosome analysis of two netf+ clostridium perfringens isolates associated with foal and canine necrotizing enteritis. | the recent discovery of a novel beta-pore-forming toxin, netf, which is strongly associated with canine and foal necrotizing enteritis should improve our understanding of the role of type a clostridium perfringens associated disease in these animals. the current study presents the complete genome sequence of two netf-positive strains, jfp55 and jfp838, which were recovered from cases of foal necrotizing enteritis and canine hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, respectively. genome sequencing was done us ... | 2016 | 26859667 |
| a modified bioautographic method for antibacterial component screening against anaerobic and microaerophilic bacteria. | direct bioautography is a useful method to identify antimicrobial compounds with potential therapeutic importance. because of technical limitations till now, it has been applied only for aerobic bacteria. in this work we present the modification of the original method by which antimicrobial screening of bacteria requiring modified atmosphere became feasible by direct bioautography. here we demonstrate its applicability by testing three anaerobic clostridium perfringens and three microaerophilic ... | 2016 | 26853123 |
| a novel hsp70 inhibitor prevents cell intoxication with the actin adp-ribosylating clostridium perfringens iota toxin. | hsp70 family proteins are folding helper proteins involved in a wide variety of cellular pathways. members of this family interact with key factors in signal transduction, transcription, cell-cycle control, and stress response. here, we developed the first hsp70 low molecular weight inhibitor specifically targeting the peptide binding site of human hsp70. after demonstrating that the inhibitor modulates the hsp70 function in the cell, we used the inhibitor to show for the first time that the str ... | 2016 | 26839186 |
| netf-positive clostridium perfringens in neonatal foal necrotising enteritis in kentucky. | 2016 | 26829965 | |
| dietary probiotics affect gastrointestinal microbiota, histological structure and shell mineralization in turtles. | probiotics are widely used in nutrition, and their mode of action is intensively studied in mammals and birds; however, it is almost unknown in reptiles. in the present study, trachemys scripta scripta and sternotherus odoratus were used to assess the effects of dietary probiotics on chelonian gastrointestinal tract microecology. in the first, 20-week experiment, 40 young t. s. scripta were randomly distributed to four experimental groups: 1st, (con)--with no additives; 2nd, (sspa) with bacillus ... | 2016 | 26828367 |
| hepatic abscess-associated clostridial bacteraemia presenting with intravascular haemolysis and severe hypertension. | clostridium perfringens bacteraemia is a potentially fatal condition, and its early identification is paramount to maximise chances of survival. prompt recognition of intravascular haemolysis, a known complication of c. perfringens bacteraemia, can help guide clinical decision-making before microbiology data becomes available. we present a novel finding of severe hypertension in a fatal case of clostridial bacteraemia with massive haemolysis. a 58-year-old man with no known medical history prese ... | 2016 | 26823354 |
| experimental reproduction of necrotic enteritis in chickens: a review. | this review discusses key factors important in successful experimental reproduction of necrotic enteritis (ne) in chickens, and how these factors can be adjusted to affect the severity of the lesions induced. the critical bacterial factor is the need to use virulent, netb-positive, strains of clostridium perfringens; disease severity can be enhanced by using netb-positive c. perfringens strains that are also tpel-positive, by the use of young rather than old broth cultures, and by the number of ... | 2016 | 26813025 |
| the pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis in chickens: what we know and what we need to know: a review. | this review summarizes advances in understanding the pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis of chickens caused by netb-positive clostridium perfringens. the discovery of netb as the essential toxin trigger for the disease was followed by recognition that it forms part of a large plasmid-encoded 42 kb pathogenicity locus (neloc-1). while the locus is critical for toxin production, it likely has additional functions related to colonization and degradation of the mucus barrier, which are essential both ... | 2016 | 26813023 |
| clostridium perfringens delta-toxin induces rapid cell necrosis. | clostridium perfringens delta-toxin is a β-pore-forming toxin and a putative pathogenic agent of c. perfringens types b and c. however, the mechanism of cytotoxicity of delta-toxin remains unclear. here, we investigated the mechanisms of cell death induced by delta-toxin in five cell lines (a549, a431, mdck, vero, and caco-2). all cell lines were susceptible to delta-toxin. the toxin caused rapid atp depletion and swelling of the cells. delta-toxin bound and formed oligomers predominantly in pla ... | 2016 | 26807591 |
| direct dynamic kinetic analysis and computer simulation of growth of clostridium perfringens in cooked turkey during cooling. | this research applied a new 1-step methodology to directly construct a tertiary model that describes the growth of clostridium perfringens in cooked turkey meat under dynamically cooling conditions. the kinetic parameters of the growth models were determined by numerical analysis and optimization using multiple dynamic growth curves. the models and kinetic parameters were validated using independent growth curves obtained under various cooling conditions. the results showed that the residual err ... | 2016 | 26801359 |
| a necrotizing enterocolitis-associated gut microbiota is present in the meconium: results of a prospective study. | anomalous intestinal microbiota development is supposedly associated with development of necrotizing enterocolitis (nec). our aim in this study was to identify the intestinal microbiota of patients at risk for nec. | 2016 | 26787171 |
| benefits of supplementation of an electrolyte scour treatment with a bacillus-based direct-fed microbial for calves. | a bacillus-based direct-fed microbial (dfm), omni-boscb™, added to an electrolyte was evaluated as a therapy for scours. fecal shedding of presumptive clostridium perfringens at day 7 was reduced in scouring calves treated with electrolyte plus dfm compared to scouring calves treated with electrolyte alone. total therapeutic treatment costs during the first 2 weeks were significantly reduced by supplementing the electrolyte with the dfm: $18.69 and $21.57 for electrolyte plus dfm and electrolyte ... | 2009 | 26783130 |
| generation and characterization of recombinant bivalent fusion protein r-cpib for immunotherapy against clostridium perfringens beta and iota toxemia. | clostridium perfringens beta (cpb) and iota (cpi) toxaemias result in some of the most lethal forms of haemorrhagic and necrotic enteritis and sudden death syndrome affecting especially neonates. while cpb enterotoxemia is one of the most common forms of clostridial enterotoxemia, cpi enterotoxemia though putatively considered to be rare is an emerging cause of concern. the similarities in clinical manifestation, gross and histopathology findings of both types of toxaemias coupled to the infrequ ... | 2016 | 26774054 |
| clostridium perfringens type a netf and nete positive and clostridium difficile co-infection in two adult dogs. | the aim of this study was to report two cases of clostridium perfringens type a and clostridium difficile co-infection in adult dogs. both animals were positive for a/b toxin. toxigenic c. difficile and c. perfringens type a positive for nete and netf-encoding genes were isolated. this report reinforces the necessity of studying a possible synergism of c. difficile and c. perfringens in enteric disorders. | 2016 | 26762654 |
| screening of bacteriocin-producing enterococcus faecalis strains for antagonistic activities against clostridium perfringens. | this study was conducted to isolate and characterize bacteriocin-producing bacteria against clostridium perfringens (c. perfringens) from domestic animals to determine their usefulness as probiotics. bacteriocin-producing bacteria were isolated from pig feces by the spot-on-lawn method. a total of 1,370 bacterial stains were isolated, and six were tentatively selected after identifying the inhibitory activity against the pathogenic indicator c. perfringens kctc 3269 and kctc 5100. the selected s ... | 2014 | 26761495 |
| effects of temperature and packaging on the growth kinetics of clostridium perfringens in ready-to-eat jokbal (pig's trotters). | ready-to-eat (rte) jokbal (pig's trotter), which consists of pig's feet cooked in soy sauce and various spices, is a very popular and widely sold in korean retail markets. commercially, the anaerobically packed jokbal have also become a popular rte food in several convenience stores. this study evaluates the effects of storage temperature and packaging methods for the growth of c. perfringens in jokbal. growth kinetic parameters of c. perfringens in aerobically and anaerobically packed jokbals a ... | 2014 | 26760749 |
| case-control study of pathogens involved in piglet diarrhea. | diarrhea in piglets directly affects commercial swine production. the disease results from the interaction of pathogens with the host immune system and is also affected by management procedures. several pathogenic agents such as campylobacter spp., clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli, salmonella spp., group a rotavirus (rv-a), coronaviruses (transmissible gastroenteritis virus; porcine epidemic diarrhea virus), as well as nematode and protozoan parasites, can be associated with disease cas ... | 2016 | 26754836 |
| multidrug resistance in clostridium perfringens isolated from diarrheal neonatal piglets in thailand. | clostridium perfringens causes diarrhea in neonatal piglets, thereby affecting commercial swine farming. the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and characterize antimicrobial resistance in c. perfringens isolated from diarrheal neonatal piglets in thailand. a total of 260 rectal swab samples were collected from 13 farms and were subjected to c. perfringens isolation. a total of 148 samples were pcr-positive for c. perfringens toxin genes, from which 122 were recovered. all i ... | 2016 | 26752714 |
| occurrence of human-associated bacteroidetes genetic source tracking markers in raw and treated wastewater of municipal and domestic origin and comparison to standard and alternative indicators of faecal pollution. | this was a detailed investigation of the seasonal occurrence, dynamics, removal and resistance of human-associated genetic bacteroidetes faecal markers (gebam) compared with iso-based standard faecal indicator bacteria (sfib), human-specific viral faecal markers and one human-associated bacteroidetes phage in raw and treated wastewater of municipal and domestic origin. characteristics of the selected activated sludge wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) from austria and germany were studied in de ... | 2016 | 26745175 |
| variable protection against experimental broiler necrotic enteritis after immunization with the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin and a non-toxic netb variant. | necrotic enteritis toxin b (netb) is a pore-forming toxin produced by clostridium perfringens and has been shown to play a key role in avian necrotic enteritis, a disease causing significant costs to the poultry production industry worldwide. the aim of this work was to determine whether immunization with a non-toxic variant of netb (netb w262a) and the c-terminal fragment of c. perfringens alpha-toxin (cpa247-370) would provide protection against experimental necrotic enteritis. immunized birds ... | 2016 | 26743457 |
| bacterial quality and prevalence of foodborne pathogens in edible offal from slaughterhouses in korea. | edible offal meats have recently received significant attention worldwide. however, studies evaluating the microbial quality of diverse edible offal and specifically investigating contamination by pathogens that cause foodborne illnesses are rare. our study was conducted to investigate the microbiological quality of six kinds of edible offal produced from 11 pigs and 8 cattle slaughterhouses in the republic of korea and the prevalence of pathogenic microorganisms such as salmonella, clostridium ... | 2016 | 26735045 |
| microbiological analysis of rice cake processing in korea. | this study was conducted to evaluate the microbial contamination in rice cake materials and products during processing and in the operation environment in nonhazard analysis [and] critical control point factories. furthermore, the environmental health of the processing facilities and the bacterial and fungal contamination on the workers' hands were investigated. pour plate methods were used for enumeration of aerobic plate count (apc), yeast and molds (ym), bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus ... | 2016 | 26735044 |
| implications of decreased nitrite concentrations on clostridium perfringens outgrowth during cooling of ready-to-eat meats. | increased popularity of natural and organic processed meats can be attributed to the growing consumer demand for preservative-free foods, including processed meats. to meet this consumer demand, meat processors have begun using celery juice concentrate in place of sodium nitrite to create products labeled as no-nitrate or no-nitrite-added meat products while maintaining the characteristics unique to conventionally cured processed meats. because of flavor limitations, natural cures with celery co ... | 2016 | 26735043 |
| predictive model for growth of staphylococcus aureus on raw pork, ham, and sausage. | recent staphylococcus aureus outbreaks linked to meat and poultry products underscore the importance of understanding the growth kinetics of s. aureus in these products at different temperatures. raw pork, ham, and sausage (each 10 ± 0.3 g) were inoculated with a three-strain cocktail of s. aureus, resulting in an initial level of ca. 3 log cfu/g. samples were stored isothermally at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40°c, and s. aureus was enumerated at appropriate time intervals. the square root mode ... | 2016 | 26735039 |
| in vitro activity of gepotidacin, a novel triazaacenaphthylene bacterial topoisomerase inhibitor, against a broad spectrum of bacterial pathogens. | gepotidacin inhibits bacterial dna replication through a mode different from that of fluoroquinolones. gepotidacin and comparators were tested by broth and agar dilution against clinical isolates. the in vitro activities of gepotidacin were comparable against methicillin-susceptible and -resistant staphylococcus aureus (mssa and mrsa, respectively) isolates (mic90, 0.5 μg/ml). the gepotidacin mic90s were as follows (in micrograms per milliliter) for the indicated bacteria: streptococcus pyogenes ... | 2016 | 26729499 |
| roles of asp179 and glu270 in adp-ribosylation of actin by clostridium perfringens iota toxin. | clostridium perfringens iota toxin is a binary toxin composed of the enzymatically active component ia and receptor binding component ib. ia is an adp-ribosyltransferase, which modifies arg177 of actin. the previously determined crystal structure of the actin-ia complex suggested involvement of asp179 of actin in the adp-ribosylation reaction. to gain more insights into the structural requirements of actin to serve as a substrate for toxin-catalyzed adp-ribosylation, we engineered saccharomyces ... | 2015 | 26713879 |
| selection for pro-inflammatory mediators produces chickens more resistant to clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis. | we developed a novel selection method based on an inherently high and low phenotype of pro-inflammatory mediators and produced "high" and "low" line chickens. we have shown high line birds are more resistant to salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis and eimeria tenella compared to the low line. clostridium perfringens is the fourth leading cause of bacterial-induced foodborne illness, and is also an economically important poultry pathogen and known etiologic agent of necrotic enteritis (ne). th ... | 2016 | 26706357 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of thymol and carvacrol and their effects on broiler chickens challenged with clostridium perfringens. | in the post-antibiotic era, essential oils (eo) are promising alternatives to growth-promoting antibiotics. the aim of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial activities of an eo product and its components thymol and carvacrol in vitro, and the efficacy of eo to control clostridium perfringens challenge in broiler chickens. | 2015 | 26705471 |
| successful treatment of aortic root abscess in a patient with pulmonary arterial hypertension. | continuous prostanoid infusion is an established treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension that has led to improvements in symptoms, exercise tolerance, and survival. patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (pah) who develop sepsis frequently experience clinical and hemodynamic deterioration associated with poor outcomes. successful management of sepsis involves identification of the source of infection, early antimicrobial administration, judicious fluid resuscitation, and continuatio ... | 2015 | 26697181 |
| presence and characterization of pig group a and c rotaviruses in feces of belgian diarrheic suckling piglets. | the importance of group a and c rotaviruses (rva and rvc) in the pathogenesis of diarrhea in belgian suckling pigs is poorly investigated, and it is not known which strains are circulating in the belgian suckling pig population. obtaining better insights in the occurrence of both viral species in the swine population is essential in order to develop accurate diagnostic, therapeutic and prophylactic strategies to protect suckling pigs against diarrhea in a durable manner. in the present study, vi ... | 2016 | 26677793 |
| blurred lines: pathogens, commensals, and the healthy gut. | 2015 | 26664968 | |
| selection of bacillus spp. for cellulase and xylanase production as direct-fed microbials to reduce digesta viscosity and clostridium perfringens proliferation using an in vitro digestive model in different poultry diets. | previously, our laboratory has screened and identified bacillus spp. isolates as direct-fed microbials (dfm). the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the cellulase and xylanase production of these isolates and select the most appropriate bacillus spp. candidates for dfm. furthermore, an in vitro digestive model, simulating different compartments of the gastrointestinal tract, was used to determine the effect of these selected candidates on digesta viscosity and clostridium perfringens p ... | 2015 | 26664954 |
| role of a bacillus subtilis direct-fed microbial on digesta viscosity, bacterial translocation, and bone mineralization in turkey poults fed with a rye-based diet. | rye contains high concentrations of non-starch polysaccharides (nsps), leading to reduced digestibility. since poultry have little or no endogenous enzymes capable of hydrolyzing these nsp, exogenous carbohydrases as feed additives are used in an attempt to reduce the anti-nutritional effects of these polysaccharides. previously, an in vitro study conducted in our laboratory showed that inclusion of certain bacillus direct-fed microbial (dfm) candidates that produce exogenous phytase, lipase, pr ... | 2014 | 26664925 |
| cloning, characterization, and production of three α-l-fucosidases from clostridium perfringens atcc 13124. | α-l-fucosidases are key enzymes for the degradation of intestinal glycans by gut microbes. in this work, three putative α-l-fucosidases (afc1, afc2, and afc3) genes from clostridium perfringens atcc 13124 were cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. afc1 had the α-l-fucosidase domain of glycoside hydrolase (gh) 29 family but showed no enzyme activity toward all the substrates examined. the putative acid/base residue of afc1, ser205, was replaced by a glutamic acid which is conserved in gh29-b ... | 2016 | 26663202 |
| single molecule compression reveals intra-protein forces drive cytotoxin pore formation. | perfringolysin o (pfo) is a prototypical member of a large family of pore-forming proteins that undergo a significant reduction in height during the transition from the membrane-assembled prepore to the membrane-inserted pore. here, we show that targeted application of compressive forces can catalyze this conformational change in individual pfo complexes trapped at the prepore stage, recapitulating this critical step of the spontaneous process. the free energy landscape determined from these mea ... | 2015 | 26652734 |
| alternatives to antibiotics to prevent necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens: a microbiologist's perspective. | since the 2006 european ban on the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed, numerous studies have been published describing alternative strategies to prevent diseases in animals. a particular focus has been on prevention of necrotic enteritis in poultry caused by clostridium perfringens by the use of microbes or microbe-derived products. microbes produce a plethora of molecules with antimicrobial properties and they can also have beneficial effects through interactions with their h ... | 2015 | 26648920 |