Publications

clinical, microbiological and immunological features associated with the treatment of active periodontosis lesions.	clinical, microbiological and immunological factors were examined using data from a subject with periodontosis. the subject was monitored at bimonthly intervals for 26 months at 6 sites per tooth for redness, plaque, suppuration, bleeding on probing, pocket depth, and attachment level. using attachment level measurements and the tolerance method of analysis, sites with active disease and control (inactive) sites of equal pocket depth were selected. subgingival plaque samples were taken from thes ...	1984	6386896
anaerobes as normal oral flora.	the human mouth provides a suitable habitat for numerous bacterial genera. anaerobic genera or genera that include anaerobic members found in the oral cavity are actinomyces, arachnia, bacteroides, bifidobacterium, eubacterium, fusobacterium, lactobacillus, leptotrichia, peptococcus, peptostreptococcus, propionibacterium, selenomonas, treponema, and veillonella. the incidence of anaerobes varies with age of the individual and with specific sites sampled. in edentulous infants, the incidence of a ...	1984	6372039
anaerobic oral and dental infection.	anaerobes make up a significant part of the oral and dental indigenous and pathogenic flora. their role in periodontal disease, root canal infections, infections of the hard and soft oral tissue, as well as their importance as foci for disseminated infectious disease is well established. despite the ubiquitous involvement of bacteria, significant progress in our understanding of specific microbial etiologies has occurred only in the past decade. estimates of the number of species recovered from ...	1984	6372018
turn-over of phospholipids in selenomonas ruminantium.	the particulate enzyme prepared from selenomonas ruminantium subsp. lactilytica catalyzed the formation of phosphatidylserine (ps) from cdp-diglyceride and serine, and phosphatidylethanolamine (pe) from ps. this indicates that ps and pe in this organism are synthesized through a similar pathway to that in escherichia coli. in turn-over experiments with [32p]orthophosphate and [14c]caproate, a rapid turn-over of pe was observed, while ethanolamine plasmalogen was relatively stable. the decrease o ...	1984	6325403
long-term nutrient starvation of continuously cultured (glucose-limited) selenomonas ruminantium.	selenomonas ruminantium, a strictly anaerobic ruminal bacterium, was grown at various dilution rates (d = 0.05, 0.25, and 0.35 h-1) under glucose-limited continuous culture conditions. suspensions of washed cells prepared anaerobically in mineral buffer were subjected to nutrient starvation (24 to 36 h; 39 degrees c; n2 atmosphere). regardless of growth rate, viability declined logarithmically, and within about 2.5 h, about 50% of the populations were nonviable. after 24 h of starvation, the num ...	1981	6170629
a note on the fermentation of pectin by pure strains and combined cultures of rumen bacteria.	bacteroides ruminicola, pure or combined with selenomonas ruminantium, and lachnospira multiparus, pure or combined with succinivibrio dextrinosolvens, were grown on a medium with pectin as energy source. there was a difference in fermentation products between the pure and combined cultures and efficiency of substrate utilization was better with the combined cultures.	1981	6168176
the bacteriology of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis.	plaque samples from 22 ulcerated sites in eight patients with anug were cultured using quantitative anaerobic procedures and were examined microscopically. the partial characterization of the predominant cultivable flora revealed a constant flora comprised of a limited number of bacterial types and a variable flora composed of a heterogeneous array of bacterial types. this constant flora would appear to be pathognomonic of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (anug) and included the various t ...	1982	6122728
regulation of urease and ammonia assimilatory enzymes in selenomonas ruminantium.	urease and glutamine synthetase activities in selenomonas ruminantium strain d were highest in cells grown in ammonia-limited, linear-growth cultures or when certain compounds other than ammonia served as the nitrogen source and limited the growth rate in batch cultures. glutamate dehydrogenase activity was highest during glucose (energy)-limited growth or when ammonia was not growth limiting. a positive correlation (r = 0.96) between glutamine synthetase and urease activities was observed for a ...	1981	6114707
ammonia assimilation and glutamate formation in the anaerobe selenomonas ruminantium.	selenomonas ruminantium was found to possess two pathways for nh4+ assimilation that resulted in net glutamate synthesis. one pathway fixed nh4+ through the action of an nadph-linked glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh). maximal gdh activity required kcl (about 0.48 m), but a variety of monovalent salts could replace kcl. complete substrate saturation of the enzyme by nh4+ did not occur, and apparent km values of 6.7 and 23 mm were estimated. also, an nadh-linked gdh activity was observed but was not s ...	1980	6102549
function of growth factors for rumen microorganisms. i. nutritional characteristics of selenomonas ruminantium.	nutritional characteristics of selenomonas ruminantium var. lactilytica isolated from a sheep rumen were studied. the organism required for growth the addition of a clarified rumen fluid to a trypticase-yeast extract medium with either lactate or glucose as an energy source. the requirement for rumen fluid was found to be satisfied by volatile fatty acids in glucose media and by biotin in lactate media. straight-chain saturated fatty acids with c(3) to c(10) carbon skeleton had been found to be ...	1967	6020417
function of growth factors for rumen microorganisms. ii. metabolic fate of incorporated fatty acids in selenomonas ruminantium.		1968	5689520
chemical structure of lipid a of selenomonas ruminantium.		1971	5562340
carbon dioxide requirement of various species of rumen bacteria.	the carbon dioxide requirement of 32 strains of rumen bacteria, representing 11 different species, was studied in detail. increasing concentrations of co(2) were added as nahco(3) to a specially prepared co(2)-free medium which was tubed and inoculated under nitrogen. prior depletion of co(2) in the inoculum was found to affect the level of requirement; however, the complexity and buffering capacity of the medium did not appear to be involved. an absolute requirement for co(2) was observed for e ...	1971	5541030
mechanism of propionate formation by selenomonas ruminantium, a rumen micro-organism.		1970	5530770
oxygen sensitivity of various anaerobic bacteria.	anaerobes differ in their sensitivity to oxygen, as two patterns were recognizable in the organisms included in this study. strict anaerobes were species incapable of agar surface growth at po(2) levels greater than 0.5%. species that were found to be strict anaerobes were treponema macrodentium, treponema denticola, treponema oralis n. sp., clostridium haemolyticum, selenomonas ruminatium, butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, succinivibrio dextrinosolvens, and lachnospira multiparus. moderate anaerobes w ...	1969	5370458
[electron microscopic studies on intracytoplasmic membranous structure and surface structure by means of negative staining method of selenomonas sputigena].		1968	5251799
morphological studies on selenomonas sputigena with reference to its flagellation.		1968	5247278
[selenomonas in the vagina].		1968	4891229
propionate formation from cellulose and soluble sugars by combined cultures of bacteroides succinogenes and selenomonas ruminantium.	succinate is formed as an intermediate but not as a normal end product of the bovine rumen fermentation. however, numerous rumen bacteria are present, e.g., bacteroides succinogenes, which produce succinate as a major product of carbohydrate fermentation. selenomonas ruminantium, another rumen species, produces propionate via the succinate or randomizing pathway. these two organisms were co-cultured to determine if s. ruminantium could decarboxylate succinate produced by b. succinogenes. when en ...	1973	4796955
ultrastructural studies on selenomonas ruminantium from the sheep rumen.		1973	4773919
enzymatic studies of pure cultures of rumen microorganisms.	joyner, a. e., jr. (university of california, davis), and r. l. baldwin. enzymatic studies of pure cultures of rumen microorganisms. j. bacteriol. 92:1321-1330. 1966.-the activities of enzymes representing the major pathways of carbohydrate metabolism and anaerobic electron transport in cell-free extracts of whole rumen contents have been reported. the effects of diet upon the activities of several enzymes suggested that enzymatic measurements might prove useful for the study of rumen metabolism ...	1966	4380801
the presence and function of cytochromes in selenomonas ruminantium, anaerovibrio lipolytica and veillonella alcalescens.		1974	4362619
isolation, culture, and fermentation characteristics of selenomonas ruminantium var. bryantivar. n. from the rumen of sheep.	large forms of selenomonas sp. were isolated from the sheep rumen on a rumen fluid-glucose-agar medium by using a differential centrifugation technique to purify the inoculum. the cells from the six isolated strains were curved, gram-negative, strictly anaerobic crescents, and rapidly motile by flagella attached to the concave side of the cell. one or more of the volatile fatty acids were essential for growth. none of the strains produced indole or reduced nitrate. all strains grew on fructose, ...	1971	4323298
isolation of ureolytic peptostreptococcus productus from feces using defined medium; failure of common urease tests.	colony counts of fecal samples from three persons, obtained by using a chemically defined anaerobic roll-tube medium (containing glucose, maltose, glycerol, minerals, hemin, b-vitamins, methionine, volatile fatty acids, sulfide, bicarbonate, agar, carbon dioxide (gas phase), and 1 mm nh(4) (+) as main nitrogen source), averaged 60% of the 8.8 x 10(10) bacteria per g obtained when 0.2% trypticase and 0.05% yeast extract were added to the otherwise identical medium. when 0.2% vitamin-free casitone ...	1974	4213672
isolation and characteristics of a ureolytic strain of selenomonas ruminatium.		1974	4213200
[selenomonas in the caecum of rats].		1972	4144943
growth, structure, and classification of selenomonas.		1973	4129090
the rumen microbiology of seaweed digestion in orkney sheep.	the microbial populations of the rumens of seaweed-fed and pasture-fed orkney sheep were examined. the populations in the pasture-fed sheep were similar to those of other domestic ruminants fed on land plants, but those of the seaweed-fed animals showed major differences in the dominant species. total ciliate populations were quantitatively similar, but in the seaweed-fed animals dasytricha ruminantium was one of the most dominant species. no phycomycete fungi or cellulolytic bacteria were found ...	1985	4030526
fatal selenomonas sputigena septicemia probably originating from lung abscess.	a case of fatal septicemia with selenomonas sputigena in an immunocompromised patient is reported. the patient had a lung abscess from which the septicemia is believed to have originated. in contrast to the only other case reported in the literature, the isolate from our patient was characterized by very slow and difficult growth.	1985	4018070
use of nonprotein nitrogen in pigs: effects of dietary urea on the intestinal microflora.	the fecal flora of 2 pigs given an optimal protein diet (digestive crude protein, 13.3%) with 2% urea, 2 pigs given a low protein diet (digestive crude protein, 5.7%) with 2% urea, and 2 pigs given a low protein diet only were bacteriologically investigated before feeding of each diet and on feeding days 21 and 38. the addition of urea to a low protein diet was significantly decreased lactobacillus (p less than 0.001), bacteroidaceae (p less than 0.01), peptococcaceae (p less than 0.05), and meg ...	1985	4014847
fatty acid composition of oral isolates of selenomonas.	fatty acids of 16 strains of selenomonas isolated from the human oral cavity were examined by gas-liquid chromatography. the strains showed similar patterns, characterized by the presence of straight-chain fatty acids in the range c11 to c18. fatty acids of odd-numbered carbon atoms dominated and the major acids were n-pentadecanoate and 3-hydroxytridecanoate. the general fatty acid pattern of selenomonas differed distinctly from those of other previously analysed anaerobic or microaerophilic gr ...	1985	3989506
api zym and api an-ident reactions of fastidious oral gram-negative species.	api zym and api an-ident enzymatic substrate tests were done on six oral species which are difficult to characterize with conventional biochemical tests. "bacteroides forsythus, the "fusiform" bacteroides species (a. c. r. tanner, m. a. listgarten, m. n. strzempko, and j. l. ebersole, manuscript in preparation), is difficult to cultivate in broth media, yet it gave 15 positive tests in these series. the tests were able to separate this new species from species of capnocytophaga and fusobacterium ...	1985	3930558
role of anaerobic spore-forming bacteria in the acidogenesis of glucose: changes induced by discontinuous or low-rate feed supply.	a mineral salts medium containing 1% (w/v) glucose providing carbon-limited growth conditions was subjected to anaerobic acidogenesis by mixed populations of bacteria in chemostat cultures. the formation of butyrate was shown to be dependent on the presence of saccharolytic anaerobic sporeformers in the acid-forming population. by the use of pasteurized activated sludge as an inoculum a culture was obtained consisting solely of anaerobic sporeformers that gave rise to the formation of butyrate, ...	1985	3929685
antibiotic susceptibilities of periodontal bacteria. in vitro susceptibilities to eight antimicrobial agents.	in vitro susceptibilities of 369 to 966 bacterial isolates from periodontal lesions to eight antibiotics were determined by agar dilution technique as a means of determining which antimicrobial agents were inhibitory for bacteria frequently associated with destructive periodontal diseases. although most bacteria were relatively susceptible to the penicillins, greater activity was generally noted with amoxicillin than with either penicillin or ampicillin with the exception of selenomonas sputigen ...	1985	3866054
phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphorylation of hexoses by ruminal bacteria: evidence for the phosphotransferase transport system.	six species of ruminal bacteria were surveyed for the phosphoenolpyruvate (pep)-dependent phosphorylation of glucose. selenomonas ruminantium hd4, streptococcus bovis jb1, and megasphaera elsdenii b159 all showed significant activity, but butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 49, bacteroides succinogenes s85, and bacteroides ruminicola b1(4) showed low rates of pep-dependent phosphorylation and much higher rates in the presence of atp. s. ruminantium hd4, s. bovis jb1, and m. elsdenii b159 also used pep to ...	1986	3789722
heat production by ruminal bacteria in continuous culture and its relationship to maintenance energy.	selenomonas ruminantium hd4 and bacteroides ruminicola b(1)4 were grown in continuous culture with glucose as the energy source, and heat production was measured continuously with a microcalorimeter. because the bacteria were grown under steady-state conditions, it was possible to calculate complete energy balances for substrate utilization and product formation (cells, fermentation acids, and heat). as the dilution rate increased from 0.04 to 0.60 per h, the heat of fermentation declined from 1 ...	1986	3782021
stoichiometry of glucose and starch splitting by strains of amylolytic bacteria from the rumen and anaerobic digester.	the stoichiometry of glucose and starch splitting by the amylolytic bacteria streptococcus bovis, selenomonas ruminantium, butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, eubacterium ruminantium and clostridium sp. was followed. there were many differences in the ratios of metabolites and in growth yields, as well as in the cell composition, between the growth on glucose and starch. the bacteria employ different nutritional strategies with respect to both energy sources.	1986	3759723
purification of a nickel-containing urease from the rumen anaerobe selenomonas ruminantium.	urease was purified 592-fold to homogeneity from the anaerobic rumen bacterium selenomonas ruminantium. the urease isolation procedure included a heat step and ion-exchange, hydrophobic, gel filtration, and fast protein liquid chromatography. the purified enzyme exhibited a km for urea of 2.2 +/- 0.5 mm and a vmax of 1100 mumol of urea min-1 mg-1. the molecular mass estimated for the native enzyme was 360,000 +/- 50,000 daltons, whereas a subunit value of 70,000 +/- 2,000 daltons was determined. ...	1986	3711113
structural specificity of diamines covalently linked to peptidoglycan for cell growth of veillonella alcalescens and selenomonas ruminantium.	putrescine and cadaverine are essential constituents of the peptidoglycan of veillonella alcalescens, veillonella parvula, and selenomonas ruminantium and are necessary for the growth of these organisms (y. kamio and k. nakamura, j. bacteriol. 169:2881-2884, 1987, and y. kamio, h. pösö, y. terawaki, and l. paulin, j. biol. chem. 261:6585-6589, 1986). in this study, the structural specificity of the diamine requirement for normal cell growth of these bacteria was examined by using a series of dia ...	1987	3654585
t-2 toxin metabolism by ruminal bacteria and its effect on their growth.	the effect of t-2 toxin on the growth rates of different bacteria was used as a measure of its toxicity. toxin levels of 10 micrograms/ml did not decrease the growth rate of selenomonas ruminantium and anaerovibrio lipolytica, whereas the growth rate of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens was uninhibited at toxin levels as high as 1 mg/ml. there was, however, a noticeable increase in the growth rate of b. fibrisolvens ce46 and ce51 and s. ruminantium in the presence of low concentrations (10 micrograms/ml ...	1987	3579272
acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. a review of diagnosis, etiology and treatment.	vincent's original description of the fusiform-spirochete nature of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (anug) still remains true today, although much additional insight has been gained regarding the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of the disease. in addition to the historic association of fusiform and spirochete microbes with anug, recent findings have also implicated bacteroides and selenomonas species. possible abnormalities in immunological function, such as altered pmn and lymphocy ...	1986	3514841
biological and chemical characterization of lipopolysaccharide from selenomonas spp. in human periodontal pockets.	pure lipopolysaccharide extracted from selenomonas spp. isolated from human periodontal pockets was composed of 23.7% carbohydrate, 16.5% hexosamine, 1.2% 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate, 0.7% heptose, 26.0% lipid, 1.8% protein, and 1.3% phosphorus. it was shown to be quite lethal, to have very active pyrogenicity, to give a typical biphasic-fever response, and to produce a positive local shwartzman reaction.	1986	3512446
biological activity of lipopolysaccharides from oral selenomonas.	lipopolysaccharides (lpss) were extracted by phenol-water from three oral strains of selenomonas. the preparations were tested for the ability to induce a blastogenic response in cultures of spleen cells from normal and nude balb/c mice, to activate guinea pig complement and the clotting enzyme system of limulus polyphemus amoebocytes, and to kill actinomycin-d treated mice. the capacity of the three lpss was comparable to that of enterobacterial lps.	1986	3468599
effects of potassium ion concentrations on the antimicrobial activities of ionophores against ruminal anaerobes.	the antimicrobial activities of monensin and lasalocid against representative strains of ruminal bacteria were evaluated in medium containing three different concentrations of potassium (1.3, 7.9, or 23.3 mm). the growth of eubacterium ruminantium was inhibited by low concentrations of ionophores (less than or equal to 0.16 mg/liter), while the strain of streptococcus bovis tested was resistant to high concentrations of ionophores (40 mg/liter) at all potassium concentrations tested. the mics of ...	1987	3426214
differentiation of ruminal bacterial species by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using egg yolk antibodies from immunized chicken hens.	cross-reactivity among four species of ruminal bacteria was examined by using egg yolk antibodies from immunized leghorn laying hens and an enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay. the effects of the four species on the hens were compared on various days postimmunization. hens injected with the same bacterial species had similar apparent antibody levels over the entire postimmunization period, but only bacteroides ruminicola b1(4) and selenomonas ruminantium d antigens elicited early increases in appa ...	1988	3355145
uncommonly encountered, motile, anaerobic gram-negative bacilli associated with infection.	motile, anaerobic gram-negative bacilli belonging to the genera butyrivibrio, succinimonas, succinivibrio, anaerovibrio, wolinella, campylobacter, desulfovibrio, selenomonas, and anaerobiospirillum are being recognized in clinical specimens with increasing frequency. over a 12.5-year period at the va wadsworth medical center, 13 clinical specimens yielded one of these organisms. six isolates were recovered from infected wounds, five from respiratory tract specimens obtained from patients with an ...	1987	3321364
selenomonas bacteraemia--case report and review of the literature.	selenomonas species are crescent shaped gram-negative bacilli with a characteristic tuft of flagella located on the concave surface. they are normally found in human gingiva or the rumen of herbivores. the first case of selenomonas bacteraemia to be reported in a patient immunocompromised by malignant disease is described and the two previously reported cases of selenomonas bacteraemia as reviewed. the importance of careful anaerobic culturing to recover the organism and special diagnostic techn ...	1987	3320212
quin's oval and other microbiota in the rumens of molasses-fed sheep.	two rumen-cannulated wether sheep were fed a diet containing 1 kg of a liquid-molasses mixture, 80 g of soybean oil meal, and 100 g of chopped wheat straw once a day. in 6 weeks and thereafter, the microbiota adapted such that quin's oval, a very large bacterium, was present in huge numbers (11.3 x 10(10) and 1.3 x 10(10) ml-1 after 73 days). direct microscopic counts were also done on small bacteria, moderate-sized selenomonas spp., and small entodinium spp., which were the only protozoa seen. ...	1987	3300549
rumen microbial changes in calves fed on alpha amylase diet.	fifty-six calves in the period of a milk nutrition, randomly assigned to two groups (control and alpha amylase fed) were used to monitor the changes in the rumen microbial populations and total volatile fatty acids (vfa) concentrations associated with feeding amylosubtilin g10x (0.6 g.day-1). statistically significant increase was observed for amylolytic counts in experimental calves on 20th or 30th days. the counts of rumen cellulolytic bacteria and selenomonas tended to have increase in the va ...	1988	3259418
effects of the ionophores monensin and tetronasin on simulated development of ruminal lactic acidosis in vitro.	a continuous coculture of four ruminal bacteria, megasphaera elsdenii, selenomonas ruminantium, streptococcus bovis, and lactobacillus sp. strain lb17, was used to study the effects of the ionophores monensin and tetronasin on the changes in ruminal microbial ecology that occur during the onset of lactic acidosis. in control incubations, the system simulated the development of lactic acidosis in vivo, with an initial overgrowth of s. bovis when an excess of glucose was added to the fermentor. la ...	1988	3223764
regulation of carbon flow in selenomonas ruminantium grown in glucose-limited continuous culture.	we have applied a model that permits the estimation of the sensitivity of flux through branch point enzymes (d. c. laporte, k. walsh, and d. e. koshland, j. biol. chem. 259:14068-14075, 1984) in order to analyze the control of flux through the lactate-acetate branch point of selenomonas ruminantium grown in glucose-limited continuous culture. at this branch point, pyruvate is the substrate of both the nad-dependent l-(+)-lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) and the pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (pfo ...	1988	3182729
esterase activities in butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strains.	thirty strains of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens isolated in diverse geographical locations were examined for esterase activity by using naphthyl esters of acetate, butyrate, caprylate, laurate, and palmitate. all strains possessed some esterase activity, and high levels of activity were observed with strains 49, h17c, s2, actf2, and lm8/1b. esterase activity also was detected in other ruminal bacteria (bacteroides ruminicola, selenomonas ruminantium, ruminobacter amylophilus, and streptococcus bovis ...	1988	3178205
pathway and sites for energy conservation in the metabolism of glucose by selenomonas ruminantium.	on the basis of enzyme activities detected in extracts of selenomonas ruminantium hd4 grown in glucose-limited continuous culture, at a slow (0.11 h-1) and a fast (0.52 h-1) dilution rate, a pathway of glucose catabolism to lactate, acetate, succinate, and propionate was constructed. glucose was catabolized to phosphoenol pyruvate (pep) via the emden-meyerhoff-parnas pathway. pep was converted to either pyruvate (via pyruvate kinase) or oxalacetate (via pep carboxykinase). pyruvate was reduced t ...	1988	3141385
[the occurrence and properties of selenomonas ruminantium bacteria in calves during the time of milk feedings].	the occurrence, morphological properties, urease and alpha-amylase activities of selenomonas ruminantium were investigated in calves in the period of milk nutrition. the average number of the organisms was found to range between 10(7) and 10(8) per 1 millilitre of rumen contents. the alpha-amylase activity of the selenomonas strains ranged from 0.1 to 8.8 ncat.ml-1 whereas their urease activity ranged from 6.3 to 261 ncat.ml-1 of nutrient medium. the presence of morphologically typical selenomon ...	1988	3129854
fermentation of xylans by butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and other ruminal bacteria.	the ability of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and other ruminal bacteria (6 species, 18 strains) to ferment a crude xylan from wheat straw or to ferment xylans from larchwood or oat spelts was studied. liquid cultures were monitored for carbohydrate utilization, cell growth (protein), and fermentation acid production. b. fibrisolvens 49, h17c, actf2, and d1 grew almost as well on one or more of the xylans as they did on cellobiose-maltose. b. fibrisolvens 12, r28, a38, x10c34, ard22a, and x6c61 exhib ...	1987	3124741
factors affecting the rate of breakdown of bacterial protein in rumen fluid.	1. the cellular proteins of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, lactobacillus casei, megasphaera elsdenii, selenomonas ruminantium and streptococcus bovis were labelled by growth in the presence of l-[14c]leucine, and the breakdown of labelled protein was measured in incubations of these bacteria with rumen fluid to which unlabelled 5 mm-l-leucine was added. the rate of protein breakdown was estimated from the rate of release of radioactivity into acid-soluble material. 2. protein breakdown occurred at d ...	1987	3118940
susceptibility and resistance of ruminal bacteria to antimicrobial feed additives.	susceptibility and resistance of ruminal bacterial species to avoparcin, narasin, salinomycin, thiopeptin, tylosin, virginiamycin, and two new ionophore antibiotics, ro22-6924/004 and ro21-6447/009, were determined. generally, antimicrobial compounds were inhibitory to gram-positive bacteria and those bacteria that have gram-positive-like cell wall structure. mics ranged from 0.09 to 24.0 micrograms/ml. gram-negative bacteria were resistant at the highest concentration tested (48.0 micrograms/ml ...	1987	3116929
cadaverine covalently linked to a peptidoglycan is an essential constituent of the peptidoglycan necessary for the normal growth in selenomonas ruminantium.	cadaverine links covalently to the d-glutamic acid residue of the peptidoglycan in selenomonas ruminantium, a strictly anaerobic gram-negative bacterium (kamio, y., itoh, y., and terawaki, y. (1981) j. bacteriol. 146, 49-53). this report clarifies a physiological function of cadaverine in this organism by using dl-alpha-difluoromethyllysine, which had previously been shown to be a selective irreversible inhibitor of lysine decarboxylase of mycoplasma dispar (pösö, h., macann, p.p., tanskanen, r. ...	1986	3084485
isolation and characterization of a temperate bacteriophage from the ruminal anaerobe selenomonas ruminantium.	a temperate bacteriophage was obtained from an isolate of the ruminal anaerobe selenomonas ruminantium. clear plaques that became turbid on further incubation occurred on a lawn of host bacteria. cells picked from a turbid plaque produced healthy liquid cultures, but these often lysed on storage. mid-log-phase liquid cultures incubated with the bacteriophage lysed and released infectious particles with a titer of up to 3 x 10(7) pfu/ml. a laboratory strain of s. ruminantium, hd-4, was also sensi ...	1988	2843096
effect of dietary copper sulfate, aureo sp250, or clinoptilolite on ureolytic bacteria found in the pig large intestine.	the predominant ureolytic bacteria in the pig large intestine were determined while growing pigs were fed a basal diet or basal diet plus copper sulfate, aureo sp250, or clinoptilolite. fecal samples were collected from four pigs fed each diet at 3, 9, and 14 weeks and analyzed for total colony counts and percent ureolytic bacteria. fecal urease activity, ammonia nitrogen, and identity of the ureolytic bacteria were determined at 14 weeks. copper sulfate and aureo sp250 reduced the number of ure ...	1987	2823707
use of antibiotic resistance mutations to track strains of obligately anaerobic bacteria introduced into the rumen of sheep.	selective plating procedures were used to follow the fate of rifampicin-resistant mutant strains of the obligately anaerobic species bacteroides multiacidus and selenomonas ruminantium after their introduction at numbers around 10(7)/ml into the rumen of sheep. bacteroides multiacidus strain f100 showed an initially rapid rate of loss (49%/h) but subsequently numbers declined more gradually approaching the limits of detection (less than 10(3)/ml) after 100 h. viable cell numbers also decreased i ...	1989	2808185
coaggregation of fusobacterium nucleatum, selenomonas flueggei, selenomonas infelix, selenomonas noxia, and selenomonas sputigena with strains from 11 genera of oral bacteria.	twenty-eight strains of fusobacterium nucleatum and 41 selenomonas strains, including s. sputigena (24 strains), s. flueggei (10 strains), s. infelix (5 strains), and s. noxia (2 strains), were tested for their ability to coaggregate with each other and with 49 other strains of oral bacteria representing actinobacillus, actinomyces, bacteroides, capnocytophaga, gemella, peptostreptococcus, porphyromonas, propionibacterium, rothia, streptococcus, and veillonella species. selenomonads coaggregated ...	1989	2777378
effects of methanol on the growth of gastrointestinal anaerobes.	the effects of methanol on the growth of representative, predominant, anaerobic gut bacteria were studied. growth yields and rates were determined in a base medium to which methanol was added to produce media with methanol concentrations varying, in twofold steps, over a concentration range of 0.01 to 25%, by volume. the growth of many of the organisms was completely inhibited by a methanol concentration equal to, or less than, 6.2%. isolates representing cellulolytic species were completely inh ...	1989	2743215
the characterization and ultrastructure of two new strains of butyrivibrio.	strains b-385-1 and 2-33 are numerically important components rumen bacterial populations , but they have remained (taxonomically) undefined. in spite of some resemblance to selenomonas ruminantium in their cell size and in their formation of tufts of flagella, they more closely resemble butyrivibrio fibrisolvens in the subpolar location of their flagella, in their guanine + cytosine content, and in most biochemical characteristics, including butyrate formation. cells of these strains stain gram ...	1989	2743214
the pectinolytic enzyme of selenomonas ruminantium.	a cell-bound pectinolytic enzyme was isolated from cells of selenomonas ruminantium and purified about 360-fold. the optimum ph and temperature for enzyme activity was 7.0 and 40 degrees c. the enzyme degraded polymeric substrates by hydrolysis of digalacturonic acid units from the non-reducing end; the best substrate was nonagalacturonic acid. unsaturated trigalacturonate was also degraded, but 30% slower than the saturated analogue. the enzyme was classified as a poly (1,4-alpha-d-galactosidur ...	1989	2708171
newly delineated periodontal pathogens with special reference to selenomonas species.	many new species have been isolated from subgingival periodontal pockets, for example wolinella recta and bacteroides forsythus, reflecting better basic microbiological techniques. other species were created from existing species as a result of better characterization methods, i.e. bacteroides buccae and bacteroides oris. we can recognize different types of periodontal disease and can find differences relating to the progressive compared to inactive lesions. data illustrated in this presentation ...	1989	2661440
characterization of a plasmid from the ruminal bacterium selenomonas ruminantium.	a 4.8-kilobase-pair plasmid was isolated from the ruminal bacterium selenomonas ruminantium hd4 by using a sodium carbonate-edta washing buffer to improve cell lysis (r.g. dean, s.a. martin, and c. carver, lett. appl. microbiol. 8:45-48, 1989). this plasmid, designated psr1, appears to be quite stable. no evidence of plasmid dna was detected in s. ruminantium d or ga192. all three strains were tested for antibiotic resistance, and all were kanamycin resistant (mic, 25 to 50 micrograms/ml). only ...	1989	2619301
current taxonomy of medically important nonsporing anaerobes.	this review deals mainly with the taxonomy of the genera and species in the family bacteroidaceae. it has been proposed that the genus bacteroides should be restricted to include the "bacteroides fragilis group" and that the asaccharolytic black-pigmented bacteroides species be transferred to a new genus, porphyromonas. new bacteroides, fusobacterium, and selenomonas species have been described. a high degree of heterogeneity is apparently present among peptostreptococcus species. mobiluncus is ...	1990	2406865
bacteremias caused by selenomonas artemidis and selenomonas infelix.	we report two different cases of bacteremia caused by two recently described selenomonas species, selenomonas artemidis and selenomonas infelix. both species are normally found in human buccal flora. s. artemidis bacteremia appeared in a patient (number 1) who presented with an air-fluid pulmonary cavity and clinical conditions consistent with an anaerobic lung abscess. while the patient improved with antibiotic therapy, cultures of respiratory secretions yielded mycobacterium tuberculosis. this ...	1990	2405009
distribution of immunoglobulin-containing cells in calves inoculated orally with ruminal bacteroides succinogenes and selenomonas ruminantium.	distribution of immunoglobulin(ig)-containing cells was investigated in calves inoculated orally with live organisms of both bacteroides succinogenes and selenomonas ruminantium. pathological changes and many ig-containing cells were observed in calves which inoculated three times at 2, 3 and 26 days of age. follicular germinal center was increased in number and size of the lymph nodes associated with the forestomach, suggesting activation of lymph apparatus. in the associated lymph nodes, igg-c ...	1990	2391773
monoclonal antibodies against the ruminal bacterium selenomonas ruminantium.	monoclonal antibodies were raised against whole cells of two different strains of selenomonas ruminantium and tested for specificity and sensitivity in immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedures. species-specific and strain-specific antibodies were identified, and reactive antigens were demonstrated in solubilized cell wall extracts of s. ruminantium. a monoclonal antibody-based solid-phase immunoassay was established to quantify s. ruminantium in cultures or samples fro ...	1990	2389936
the survival of subgingival plaque bacteria in an amine fluoride-containing gel.	subgingival plaque samples from 20 patients with chronic inflammatory periodontal disease were exposed to a commercial gel formulation containing 2 amine fluorides. the mic of the gel for these samples ranged from 33 to 260 micrograms/ml with a modal value of 260 micrograms/ml. in each sample, the most resistant organisms (i.e., those organisms surviving at one doubling dilution below the mic) were identified. 33 such organisms were isolated, of which 22 (67%) were strict anaerobes, and 25 (75%) ...	1990	2387913
xylose uptake by the ruminal bacterium selenomonas ruminantium.	selenomonas ruminantium hd4 does not use the phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system to transport xylose (s. a. martin and j. b. russell, j. gen. microbiol. 134:819-827, 1988). xylose uptake by whole cells of s. ruminantium hd4 was inducible. uptake was unaffected by monensin or lasalocid, while oxygen, o-phenanthroline, and hgcl2 were potent inhibitors. menadione, antimycin a, and kcn had little effect on uptake, and acriflavine inhibited uptake by 23%. sodium fluoride decreased xylose up ...	1990	2383009
detection of bovine antibodies to the outer membrane of ruminal bacteroides succinogenes by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa).	the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to detect bovine serum antibodies directed to the outer membrane antigen of a ruminal bacteria, bacteroides succinogenes. the outer membrane antigen of b. succinogenes was highly reactive against homologous antiserum, compared with rabbit sera raised against b. ruminicola subsp. ruminicola, b. ruminicola subsp. brevis and selenomonas ruminantium. the titers of sera from colostrum-deprived calves were negligible level, while those of sera fro ...	1990	2313950
generation of a membrane potential by sodium-dependent succinate efflux in selenomonas ruminantium.	when selenomonas ruminantium hd4 was grown in a chemostat, maximal succinate production and the highest molar growth yield values were both observed at a dilution rate of roughly 0.2 h-1. to determine the possible relationship between succinate efflux and high molar growth yields, the generation of a membrane potential by succinate efflux was studied in whole cells and vesicles (inside-out and right-side-out) prepared from s. ruminantium. washed whole cells took up succinate in the absence of an ...	1990	2307654
localization of bacterial antigens in calves inoculated orally with ruminal bacteroides succinogenes and selenomonas ruminantium.	localization of bacteria and bacterial materials was investigated in calves inoculated orally with live organisms of both bacteroides succinogenes and selenomonas ruminantium by a immunohistological method using rabbit antiserum against the outer membrane of those organisms and by a scanning electron microscope. the intact organisms of both inoculated bacterial species were detected on the rumen wall and in the lamina propria of the forestomach, and s. ruminantium also in the lymph nodes associa ...	1990	2202844
similarities in the microfloras of root canals and deep periodontal pockets.	although not universally accepted, retrospective histological, roentgenological and microbiological studies have indicated that cross-infection can occur between infected pulps and deep periodontal pockets. this review provides examples of similarities in the microfloras of these adjacent oral sites, supporting the idea that infection spreads from one site to the other. the organisms most often involved are probably bacteroides, fusobacteria, eubacteria, spirochetes, wolinellas, selenomonas, cam ...	1990	2202588
influence of hydrogen-consuming bacteria on cellulose degradation by anaerobic fungi.	the presence of methanogens methanobacterium arboriphilus, methanobacterium bryantii, or methanobrevibacter smithii increased the level of cellulose fermentation by 5 to 10% in cultures of several genera of anaerobic fungi. when neocallimastix sp. strain l2 was grown in coculture with methanogens the rate of cellulose fermentation also increased relative to that for pure cultures of the fungus. methanogens caused a shift in the fermentation products to more acetate and less lactate, succinate, a ...	1990	2082826
the formation of hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan by oral bacteria.	the capacity to form volatile sulfur compounds was tested in bacteria isolated from subgingival microbiotas and in a representative number of reference strains. a majority of the 75 tested oral bacterial species and 7 unnamed bacterial taxa formed significant amounts of hydrogen sulfide from l-cysteine. the most active bacteria were found in the genera peptostreptococcus, eubacterium, selenomonas, centipeda, bacteroides and fusobacterium. methyl mercaptan from l-methionine was formed by some mem ...	1990	2082242
succinate transport by a ruminal selenomonad and its regulation by carbohydrate availability and osmotic strength.	washed cells of strain h18, a newly isolated ruminal selenomonad, decarboxylated succinate 25-fold faster than selenomonas ruminantium hd4 (130 versus 5 nmol min-1 mg of protein-1, respectively). batch cultures of strain h18 which were fermenting glucose did not utilize succinate, and glucose-limited continuous cultures were only able to decarboxylate significant amounts of succinate at slow (less than 0.1 h-1) dilution rates. strain h18 grew more slowly on lactate than glucose (0.2 versus 0.4 h ...	1991	2036012
fatal septicaemia with selenomonas sputigena and acinetobacter calcoaceticus. a case report.	a 38-year-old man with a history of alcohol abuse developed rapidly fulminating septicaemia and died. selenomonas sputigena and acinetobacter calcoaceticus were isolated from a blood culture. selenomonas sputigena is a motile anaerobic gram-negative rod rarely associated with systemic disease. difficulties in isolation and taxonomic identification are discussed.	1991	1993118
intracellular ph of acid-tolerant ruminal bacteria.	acid-tolerant ruminal bacteria (bacteroides ruminicola b1(4), selenomonas ruminantium hd4, streptococcus bovis jb1, megasphaera elsdenii b159, and strain f) allowed their intracellular ph to decline as a function of extracellular ph and did not generate a large ph gradient across the cell membrane until the extracellular ph was low (less than 5.2). this decline in intracellular ph prevented an accumulation of volatile fatty acid anions inside the cells.	1991	1781695
effect of a saccharomyces cerevisiae culture on lactate utilization by the ruminal bacterium selenomonas ruminantium.	the objective of this study was to examine the effects of a saccharomyces cerevisiae culture (yea-sacc) on lactate utilization by the predominant ruminal bacterium selenomonas ruminantium. lactate uptake was stimulated by yea-sacc concentrations between 2.5 and 10 g/liter, and the 5-g/liter level increased uptake 3.8-fold. when yea-sacc concentrations were increased above the 5-g/liter level lactate uptake was decreased, but 10 g/liter still stimulated uptake more than threefold. a filter-steril ...	1991	1752834
utilization of nucleic acids by selenomonas ruminantium and other ruminal bacteria.	species of ruminal bacteria were screened for the ability to grow in media containing rna or dna as the energy source. bacteroides ruminicola d31d and selenomonas ruminantium hd4, ga192, and d effectively used rna for growth, but not dna. b. ruminicola d31d was able grow on nucleosides but not on bases or ribose. the s. ruminantium strains were able to grow when provided with either nucleosides or ribose but not bases. strains of s. ruminantium, but not b. ruminicola d31d, were also able to use ...	1990	1707252
taxonomic study of anaerobic, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria from breweries: emended description of pectinatus cerevisiiphilus and description of pectinatus frisingensis sp. nov., selenomonas lacticifex sp. nov., zymophilus raffinosivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., and zymophilus paucivorans sp. nov.	a collection of 47 strains of obligately anaerobic, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that were isolated mainly from spoiled beer and pitching yeast was studied to learn more about their taxonomic positions. a new species of the genus pectinatus, pectinatus frisingensis, a new species of the genus selenomonas, selenomonas lacticifex, and a new genus comprising two species, zymophilus raffinosivorans and zymophilus paucivorans, are described. all of the strains contained directly cross-linked me ...	1990	1699594
enzymes associated with metabolism of xylose and other pentoses by prevotella (bacteroides) ruminicola strains, selenomonas ruminantium d, and fibrobacter succinogenes s85.	prevotella (bacteroides) ruminicola strains b(1)4 and s23 and selenomonas ruminantium strain d used xylose as the sole source of carbohydrate for growth, whereas fibrobacter succinogenes was unable to metabolize xylose. prevotella ruminicola strain b(1)4 exhibited transport activity for xylose. in contrast, f. succinogenes lacked typical xylose uptake activity but did exhibit low binding potential for the sugar. prevotella ruminicola strains b(1)4 and s23 as well as s. ruminantium d showed low x ...	1992	1643581
interaction of ruminal bacteria in the production and utilization of maltooligosaccharides from starch.	the degradation and utilization of starch by three amylolytic and one nonamylolytic species of ruminal bacteria were studied. pure cultures of streptococcus bovis jb1, butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 49, and bacteroides ruminicola d31d rapidly hydrolyzed starch and maltooligosaccharides accumulated. the major starch hydrolytic products detected in s. bovis cultures were glucose, maltose, maltotriose, and maltotetraose. in addition to these oligosaccharides, b. fibrisolvens cultures produced maltopenta ...	1992	1539992
predominant obligate anaerobes in human periodontal pockets.	this study was carried out to investigate the predominant anaerobic bacteria of periodontal pockets in patients with advanced periodontitis, who had no previous treatment other than supragingival scaling, no history of recent or chronic systemic illness, nor any intake of antibiotics within 6 weeks prior to bacteriological sampling. care was taken not to ignore tiny-colony-forming anaerobes, by means of a stereoscope and an anaerobic glove box system. out of 422 (100%) isolates, 380 (90%) were o ...	1992	1531505
identification of selenomonas species by whole-genomic dna probes, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, biochemical tests and cellular fatty acid analysis.	nonisotopic, whole-genomic dna probes, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), biochemical tests in microtiter trays and cellular fatty acid (cfa) analysis were compared for the identification of 5 oral selenomonas species. dna probes were prepared by biotin-labeling dna extracted from the type strains of selenomonas noxia, selenomonas flueggei, selenomonas artemidis, selenomonas infelix and selenomonas sputigena. the probes were hybridized with dna from 21 referenc ...	1992	1528628
effect of direct-fed microbials on rumen microbial fermentation.	nonbacterial, direct-fed microbials added to ruminant diets generally consist of aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract, or saccharomyces cerevisiae cultures, or both. results from in vivo research have been variable regarding effects of direct-fed microbials on ruminant feedstuff utilization and performance. some research has shown increased weight gains, milk production, and total tract digestibility of feed components, but others have shown little influence of direct-fed microbials on these ...	1992	1500571
associations between microbial species in dental root canal infections.	the existence of commensal or antagonistic relationships between microorganisms in the root canals of teeth with apical periodontitis was investigated. samples were taken from 65 infected human root canals and were analysed according to species, frequency of occurrence and proportion of the total isolated flora. the most frequent species were fusobacterium nucleatum, prevotella intermedia, peptostreptococcus micros, peptostreptococcus anaerobius, eubacterium alactolyticum, eubacterium lentum and ...	1992	1494447
susceptibility of anaerobic microorganisms to hypothiocyanite produced by lactoperoxidase.	the susceptibility of capnocytophaga ochracea, eikenella corrodens, eubacterium yurii, fusobacterium nucleatum, peptostreptococcus micros, prevotella intermedia, selenomonas sputigena, wolinella recta to hypothiocyanite (oscn-) produced by the lactoperoxidase system was tested. results showed a decrease of bacterial survival rate after oscn- exposure, with an intra- and inter-species variability from 0 to 95% for c. ochracea, 34-100% for e. corrodens, 0-83% for e. yurii, 1-15% for f. nucleatum, ...	1992	1481764
mechanism of action of d-galacturonan digalacturonohydrolase of selenomonas ruminantium on oligogalactosiduronic acids.	the mechanism of action of the specific d-galacturonan digalacturonohydrolase [poly-(1----4)-alpha-d-galactosiduronate digalacturonohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.82] of selenomonas ruminantium was investigated by using reducing-end [1-3h]-labeled oligogalactosiduronates having degree of polymerization 3-5 as the substrates. the reaction products, incorporation and distribution of radioactivity in products, and the frequency of oligogalactosiduronate bond-cleavage were quantitatively estimated as functions ...	1992	1473108
complete nucleotide sequence of a selenomonas ruminantium plasmid and definition of a region necessary for its replication in escherichia coli.	a plasmid from selenomonas ruminantium subspecies lactilytica has been subcloned in escherichia coli k-12 and completely sequenced. three open reading frames (orfs) of 909, 801, and 549 bp were identified and the complete sequence was analyzed by comparison with dna and protein databases. no significant deoxynucleotide or amino acid sequence homology with other published genes or proteins was detected. the plasmid was shown to replicate independently in e. coli k-12 by a dna polymerase i-depende ...	1992	1409969
phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characterization of acidaminococcus fermentans.	the phylogenetic position of acidaminococcus fermentans was determined by comparative sequence analysis of the 16s rrna. this gram-negative bacterium is a member of the sporomusa cluster that is defined by other gram-negative bacteria, i.e. sporomusa, megasphaera, selenomonas, butyrivibrio, pectinatus, and zymophilus. the branching point of this group within the radiation of gram-positive bacteria of the clostridium/bacillus subphylum and adjacent to peptococcus niger could be confirmed. chemota ...	1992	1385264
putative periodontopathogens in "diseased" and "non-diseased" persons exhibiting poor oral hygiene.	the aim of the study was to assess the occurrence of some putative periodonto-pathogens in "test" and "control" sites in "diseased" and "non-diseased" persons, respectively, from an adult rural kenyan population exhibiting poor oral hygiene and widespread loss of attachment (la). 14 persons (less than 35 years) were assigned to a "diseased" category on the basis of at least 4 sites with la greater than or equal to 4 mm; at least 5 mm la and a pocket greater than or equal to 4 mm interproximally ...	1992	1346265
comparative in-vitro activity of azithromycin, macrolides (erythromycin, clarithromycin and spiramycin) and streptogramin rp 59500 against oral organisms.	the in-vitro activities of azithromycin, clarithromycin, spiramycin and rp 59500 were compared with erythromycin against a wide range of oral organisms which have been implicated in oral infections and/or endocarditis (clindamycin was included for oral streptococci). all compounds tested showed good activity against many of these organisms, although some variation was observed with different species. clarithromycin was the most active of the antibiotics tested against gram-positive anaerobes, in ...	1992	1331019
dap-decarboxylase activity and lysine production by rumen bacteria.	the last step of pathway of lysine biosynthesis by rumen bacteria was tested. the first measurements of dap-decarboxylase activity and of lysine production by megasphera elsdenii, selenomonas ruminantium, clostridium spp., butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and bacteroides succinogenes as well as the first attempts to increase the lysine production by ruminal streptococci by mutation are described. the highest values were measured in selenomonas ruminantium (dap-decarboxylase activity = 146 micrograms da ...	1992	1295484
lactic acid-utilizing bacteria in ruminal fluid of a steer adapted from hay feeding to a high-grain ration.	a mature, rumen-cannulated steer fed coastal bermuda grass hay for 8 weeks was adapted to a high-grain ration by stepwise increases in grain over a period of 4 weeks. the grain rations had concentrate-to-roughage ratios of 40:60, 70:30, and 85:15 and were fed for 10, 7, and 11 days, respectively. numerical estimates of lactate-utilizing bacteria in ruminal fluid of the steer the last 3 days each ration was fed were made by colony counts. lactate-utilizing bacteria were identified as megasphaera ...	1976	1275348
effect of ruminal lactic acid-utilizing bacteria on adaptation of cattle to high-energy rations.	heifers, unadapted to a concentrate ration, were intraruminally inoculated (1 dose) with cultures of ruminal lactic acid-utilizing bacteria or with ruminal fluid from a steer adapted to a concentrate ration. inoculation with cultures (1 l) of selenomonas ruminantium or megasphaera elsdenii did not produce better average daily weight gains or feed efficiency of heifers fed a high-energy ration for 21 days, if these values were compared with the performance of noninoculated heifers. average daily ...	1977	883707