Publications

studying coxiella burnetii type iv substrates in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae: focus on subcellular localization and protein aggregation.	coxiella burnetii is a gram-negative obligate parasitic bacterium that causes the disease q-fever in humans. to establish its intracellular niche, it utilizes the icm/dot type ivb secretion system (t4bss) to inject protein effectors into the host cell cytoplasm. the host targets of most cognate and candidate t4bss-translocated effectors remain obscure. we used the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model to express and study six c. burnetii effectors, namely anka, ankb, ankf, cbu0077, caea and ...	2016	26821324
altered interferon-γ response in patients with q-fever fatigue syndrome.	whether immunological mechanisms underlie q-fever fatigue syndrome (qfs) remains unclear. for acute q-fever, the antigen-specific interferon-γ (ifnγ) response may be a useful tool for diagnosis, and the ifnγ/interleukin(il)-2 production ratio may be a marker for chronic q-fever and treatment monitoring. here we explored the specific ifnγ production and ifnγ/il-2 ratio in qfs patients.	2016	26820634
an unusual cation-binding site and distinct domain-domain interactions distinguish class ii enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthases.	enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (epsps) catalyzes a critical step in the biosynthesis of a number of aromatic metabolites. an essential prokaryotic enzyme and the molecular target of the herbicide glyphosate, epspss are the subject of both pharmaceutical and commercial interest. two epsps classes that exhibit low sequence homology, differing substrate/glyphosate affinities, and distinct cation activation properties have previously been described. here, we report structural studies of t ...	2016	26813771
candidatus coxiella massiliensis infection.	bacteria genetically related to coxiella burnetii have been found in ticks. using molecular techniques, we detected coxiella-like bacteria, here named candidatus coxiella massiliensis, in skin biopsy samples and ticks removed from patients with an eschar. this organism may be a common agent of scalp eschar and neck lymphadenopathy after tick bite.	2016	26811945
coxiella burnetii infection in a community operating a large-scale cow and goat dairy, missouri, 2013.	coxiella burnetii is a zoonotic pathogen that causes q fever in humans and is transmitted primarily from infected goats, sheep, or cows. q fever typically presents as an acute febrile illness; however, individuals with certain predisposing conditions, including cardiac valvulopathy, are at risk for chronic q fever, a serious manifestation that may present as endocarditis. in response to a cluster of q fever cases detected by public health surveillance, we evaluated c. burnetii infection in a com ...	2016	26811433
a serological survey about zoonoses in the verkhoyansk area, northeastern siberia (sakha republic, russian federation).	in 2012, a seroprevalence survey concerning 10 zoonoses, which were bacterial (lyme borreliosis and q fever), parasitic (alveolar echinococcosis [ae] and cystic echinococcosis [ce], cysticercosis, toxoplasmosis, toxocariasis, and trichinellosis), or arboviral (tick-borne encephalitis and west nile virus infection), was conducted among 77 adult volunteers inhabiting suordakh and tomtor arctic villages in the verkhoyansk area (yakutia). following serological testing by enzyme-linked immunosorbent ...	2016	26807914
delayed diagnosis of q fever endocarditis in a rheumatoid arthritis patient.	chronic q fever caused by coxiella burnetii is uncommon in the united states and is most often associated with infective endocarditis. we present a 52-year-old woman with a history of aortic valve replacement and rheumatoid arthritis treated with etanercept with chronic q fever manifesting as prosthetic valve infective endocarditis. explanted valve tissue showed organisms confirmed to be c. burnetii by pcr (polymerase chain reaction) sequencing. she subsequently reported consumption of unpasteur ...	2015	26793469
detection of bartonella tamiae, coxiella burnetii and rickettsiae in arthropods and tissues from wild and domestic animals in northeastern algeria.	in recent years, the scope and importance of emergent vector-borne diseases has increased dramatically. in algeria, only limited information is currently available concerning the presence and prevalence of these zoonotic diseases. for this reason, we conducted a survey of hematophagous ectoparasites of domestic mammals and/or spleens of wild animals in el tarf and souk ahras, algeria.	2016	26791781
primary role for toll-like receptor-driven tumor necrosis factor rather than cytosolic immune detection in restricting coxiella burnetii phase ii replication within mouse macrophages.	coxiella burnetii replicates within permissive host cells by employing a dot/icm type iv secretion system (t4ss) to translocate effector proteins that direct the formation of a parasitophorous vacuole. c57bl/6 mouse macrophages restrict the intracellular replication of the c. burnetii. nine mile phase ii (nmii) strain. however, eliminating toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) permits bacterial replication, indicating that the restriction of bacterial replication is immune mediated. here, we examined whet ...	2016	26787725
roles of toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2), tlr4, and myd88 during pulmonary coxiella burnetii infection.	coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of q fever, is an obligate intracellular, primarily pulmonary, bacterial pathogen. although much is known about adaptive immune responses against this bacterium, our understanding of innate immune responses against c. burnetii is not well defined, particularly within the target tissue for infection, the lung. previous studies examined the roles of the innate immune system receptors toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) and tlr4 in peripheral infection models and desc ...	2016	26787722
multiple pathogens including potential new species in tick vectors in côte d'ivoire.	our study aimed to assess the presence of different pathogens in ticks collected in two regions in côte d'ivoire.	2016	26771308
client knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding zoonoses: a metropolitan experience.	to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices in relation to zoonoses among pet owners.	2015	26769069
detection of coxiella burnetii in acute undifferentiated febrile illnesses (aufis) in iran.	there are limited data on the aetiology of acute undifferentiated febrile illnesses (aufis) in iran. moreover, coxiella burnetii has not previously been detected in clinical samples in this country. previous studies have highlighted the importance of considering c. burnetii as a cause of aufi. in this retrospective study, in 92 cases of aufi where q fever was suspected, c. burnetii dna was detected in seven samples (7.36%). this is the first molecular confirmation of c. burnetii from clinical sa ...	2016	26767385
the inhibition of the apoptosis pathway by the coxiella burnetii effector protein caea requires the ek repetition motif, but is independent of survivin.	absrtact coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes query (q) fever, a zoonotic disease. it requires a functional type iv secretion system (t4ss) which translocate bacterial effector proteins into the host cell cytoplasm and thereby facilitates bacterial replication. to date, more than 130 effector proteins have been identified, but their functions remain largely unknown. recently, we demonstrated that one of these proteins, caea (cbu1524) localized to the host cell nuc ...	2016	26760129
q fever manifested as acalculous cholecystitis.		2015	26757571
q fever knowledge, attitudes and vaccination status of australia's veterinary workforce in 2014.	q fever, caused by coxiella burnetii, is a serious zoonotic disease in humans with a worldwide distribution. many species of animals are capable of transmitting c. burnetii, and consequently all veterinary workers are at risk for this disease. an effective q fever vaccine has been readily available and used in australia for many years in at-risk groups, and the european centre for disease prevention and control has recently also called for the use of this vaccine among at-risk groups in europe. ...	2016	26756210
q fever serological survey and associated risk factors in veterinarians, southern belgium, 2013.	a sero-epidemiological survey was organized among veterinarians working in southern belgium to estimate the seroprevalence of q fever and the risk factors associated with exposure. a total of 108 veterinarians took part to this cross-sectional study, with a majority practicing with livestock animals. the overall seroprevalence was 45.4%, but it increased to 58.3% among veterinarians having contact with livestock. three main serological profiles were detected (relatively recent, past and potentia ...	2016	26749554
prevalence and risk factors for campylobacter spp., salmonella spp., coxiella burnetii, and newcastle disease virus in feral pigeons (columba livia) in public areas of montreal, canada.	feral pigeons (columbia livia) can harbor a range of zoonotic pathogens. a transversal study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of feral pigeons infected by various pathogens in public areas in montreal, quebec. cloacal swabs from captured birds were cultured for salmonella spp. and campylobacter spp. and tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for the detection of coxiella burnetii. an oropharyngeal swab was also submitted to real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chai ...	2016	26733736
seroprevalence of brucellosis, leptospirosis, and q fever among butchers and slaughterhouse workers in south-eastern iran.	zoonotic diseases can be occupational hazards to people who work in close contact with animals or their carcasses. in this cross-sectional study, 190 sera were collected from butchers and slaughterhouse workers in different regions of the sistan va baluchestan province, in iran in 2011. a questionnaire was filled for each participant to document personal and behavioural information. the sera were tested for detection of specific igg antibodies against brucellosis, leptospirosis, and q fever (pha ...	2016	26731333
[not available].	q fever is a zoonosis of worldwide distribution with the exception of new zealand. it is caused by an intracellular bacterium, coxiella burnetii. the disease often goes underdiagnosed because the main manifestation of its acute form is a general self-limiting flu-like syndrome. the dutch epidemics renewed attention to this disease, which was less considered before. this review summarizes the description of c. burnetii (taxonomy, intracellular cycle, and genome) and q fever disease (description, ...	2016	26730641
chronic q-fever (coxiella burnetii) causing abdominal aortic aneurysm and lumbar osteomyelitis: a case report.	coxiella burnetii is a rare cause of chronic infection that most frequently presents as endocarditis. we report a case of c burnetii causing an infected abdominal aortic aneurysm with contiguous lumbar osteomyelitis resulting in spinal cord compromise. the diagnosis was established by serologic studies consistent with chronic q-fever (ratio of c burnetii immunoglobulin [ig]g phase ii titer to igg phase i titer <1) and was confirmed by positive c burnetii polymerase chain reaction of vertebral ti ...	2016	26730393
seroprevalence of coxiella burnetii in australian dogs.	the role of dogs in the transmission of coxiella burnetii to humans is uncertain, and extensive seroprevalence studies of dogs have not been previously conducted in australia. this study determined c. burnetii exposure in four diverse canine subpopulations by adapting, verifying and comparing an indirect immunofluoresence assay (ifa) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) used to detect anti-c. burnetii antibodies in humans. canine serum samples (n = 1223) were tested with ifa from fou ...	2016	26729351
investigation of rickettsia, coxiella burnetii and bartonella in ticks from animals in south africa.	ticks are involved in the epidemiology of several human pathogens including spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsia spp., coxiella burnetii and bartonella spp. human diseases caused by these microorganisms have been reported from south africa. the presence of sfg rickettsia spp., c. burnetii and bartonella spp. was investigated in 205 ticks collected from domestic and wild animals from western cape and limpopo provinces (south africa). rickettsia massiliae was detected in 10 amblyomma sylvaticum an ...	2016	26718068
molecular survey of zoonotic agents in rodents and other small mammals in croatia.	croatia is a focus for many rodent-borne zoonosis. here, we report a survey of 242 rodents and small mammals, including 43 myodes glareolus, 131 apodemus flavicollis, 53 apodemus agrarius, three apodemus sylvaticus, six sorex araneus, four microtus arvalis, one microtus agrestis, and one muscardinus avellanarius, collected at eight sites in croatia over an 8-year period. multiplex masstag polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used for detection of borrelia, rickettsia, bartonella, babesia, ehrlich ...	2016	26711522
analysis of q fever in dutch dairy goat herds and assessment of control measures by means of a transmission model.	between 2006 and 2009 the largest human q fever epidemic ever described occurred in the netherlands. the source of infection was traced back to dairy goat herds with abortion problems due to q fever. the first aim of control measures taken in these herds was the reduction of human exposure. to analyze q fever dynamics in goat herds and to study the effect of control measures, a within-herd model of coxiella burnetii transmission in dairy goat herds was developed. with this individual-based stoch ...	2016	26708798
in sílico identification and characterization of putative dot/icm secreted virulence effectors in the fish pathogen piscirickettsia salmonis.	piscirickettsia salmonis seriously affects the chilean salmon industry. the bacterium is phylogenetically related to legionella pneumophila and coxiella burnetii, sharing a dot/icm secretion system with them. although it is well documented that l. pneumophila and c. burnetii secrete different virulence effectors via this dot/icm system in order to attenuate host cell responses, to date there have been no reported virulence effectors secreted by the dot/icm system of p. salmonis. using several an ...	2016	26706346
long-term dynamics of coxiella burnetii in farmed red deer (cervus elaphus).	several aspects of the dynamics of coxiella burnetii that are relevant for the implementation of control strategies in ruminant herds with endemic q fever are unknown. we designed a longitudinal study to monitor the dynamics of exposure to c. burnetii in a red deer herd with endemic infection in order to allow the design of q fever-specific control approaches. other relevant aspects of the dynamics of c. burnetii - the effect of herd immune status, age, season, and early infection on exposure, t ...	2015	26697437
molecular screening for rickettsia, anaplasmataceae and coxiella burnetii in rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks from malaysia.	a total of 44 rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks collected from 23 dogs from malaysia were screened for rickettsia, anaplasmataceae and coxiella burnetii. coxiella burnetii was detected in 59% (26/44) of ticks however rickettsia and anaplasmataceae were not detected in any of the ticks. in order to genotype the strains of c. burnetii, multispacer sequence typing (mst) was carried out using three different spacers. one of the spacers; cox2 successfully amplified a fragment for which the full length s ...	2015	26691268
inhibition of inflammasome activation by coxiella burnetii type iv secretion system effector icaa.	coxiella burnetii is a highly infectious bacterium that promotes its own replication in macrophages by inhibiting several host cell responses. here, we show that c. burnetii inhibits caspase-1 activation in primary mouse macrophages. by using co-infection experiments, we determine that the infection of macrophages with c. burnetii inhibits the caspase-11-mediated non-canonical activation of the nlrp3 inflammasome induced by subsequent infection with escherichia coli or legionella pneumophila. ge ...	2015	26687278
investigations on rickettsia in ticks at the sino-russian and sino-mongolian borders, china.	to describe the prevalence of rickettsia in ticks at the sino-russian and sino-mongolian borders, a total of 292 ticks were collected and tested by conventional pcr assays. the prevalence of rickettsia was 53.4%, and phylogenetic analysis showed that they belonged to r. raoultii species after alignment for the ompa, ompb, and glta genes, respectively. coxiella burnetii dna was detected for 14%, and no ehrlichia, borrelia burgdorferi, and babesia species were found. co-infection of two pathogens ...	2015	26684526
coxiella burnetii phagocytosis is regulated by gtpases of the rho family and the rhoa effectors mdia1 and rock.	the gtpases belonging to the rho family control the actin cytoskeleton rearrangements needed for particle internalization during phagocytosis. rock and mdia1 are downstream effectors of rhoa, a gtpase involved in that process. coxiella burnetii, the etiologic agent of q fever, is internalized by the host´s cells in an actin-dependent manner. nevertheless, the molecular mechanism involved in this process has been poorly characterized. this work analyzes the role of different gtpases of the rho fa ...	2015	26674774
evaluation of two pcr tests for coxiella burnetii detection in dairy cattle farms using latent class analysis.	different tests performed on bulk tank milk samples (btm) are available to determine the c. burnetii status of herds. however, these tests, which are based on the detection of either antibodies directed against c. burnetii (elisa) or bacterial dna (pcr), have limitations. a currently disease-free herd infected in the past may continue to test positive with elisa due to the persistence of antibodies in animals that were infected and that subsequently cleared the infection. infectious herds can al ...	2015	26673419
diagnosis of blood culture-negative endocarditis and clinical comparison between blood culture-negative and blood culture-positive cases.	to analyze the clinical characteristics of blood culture-negative endocarditis (bcne) and how it compares to those of blood culture-positive endocarditis (bcpe) cases and show how molecular tools helped establish the etiology in bcne.	2016	26670038
high seroprevalence of coxiella burnetii in dairy cattle in china.	coxiella burnetii is the agent of q fever, a zoonosis which occurs worldwide. as there is little reliable data on the organism in china, we investigated c. burnetii infections in dairy cattle herds around the country. opportunistic whole blood samples were collected from 1140 dairy cattle in 19 herds, and antibodies to phase i and ii c. burnetii antigens were detected using commercial elisa kits. seropositive cattle (381/1140, 33 %) were detected in 13 of the 15 surveyed provinces and in 16 of t ...	2016	26669596
subacute, tetracycline-responsive, granulomatous osteomyelitis in an adult man, consistent with q fever infection.	osteomyelitis due to coxiella burnetii infection is a rare condition in adults. we report the case of a healthy young man presenting with subacute osteomyelitis of the left cheek bone, evolving gradually after an episode of acute febrile illness. histological evaluation confirmed subacute granulomatous inflammation. despite antibody titres not reaching the standard cut-off for chronic q fever (phase i igg 1/160, phase ii igg 1/2560), osteomyelitis was radiologically and histologically confirmed. ...	2015	26661283
risk factors and burden of acute q fever in older adults in new south wales: a prospective cohort study.	to measure the acute burden of and to identify risk factors associated with notified q fever in older adults in new south wales.	2015	26654610
molecular detection of vector-borne pathogens in wild and domestic carnivores and their ticks at the human-wildlife interface.	urbanization of natural areas is considered one of the causes of the current apparent emergence of infectious diseases. carnivores are among the species that adapt well to urban and periurban environments, facilitating cross-species disease transmission with domestic dogs and cats, and potentially with their owners. the prevalence of vector-borne pathogens (vbp) of zoonotic and veterinary interest was studied in sympatric wild and domestic carnivores into barcelona metropolitan area (ne spain). ...	2016	26643497
epizootiological investigation of a q fever outbreak and implications for future control strategies.	to describe the epizootiological investigation of an outbreak of q fever (coxiella burnetii infection).	2015	26642131
brain meta-transcriptomics from harbor seals to infer the role of the microbiome and virome in a stranding event.	marine diseases are becoming more frequent, and tools for identifying pathogens and disease reservoirs are needed to help prevent and mitigate epizootics. meta-transcriptomics provides insights into disease etiology by cataloguing and comparing sequences from suspected pathogens. this method is a powerful approach to simultaneously evaluate both the viral and bacterial communities, but few studies have applied this technique in marine systems. in 2009 seven harbor seals, phoca vitulina, stranded ...	2015	26630132
serological evidence of rickettsia and coxiella burnetii in humans of buenos aires, argentina.	in buenos aires city (argentina), the circulation of these agents has been detected mainly in vectors and animals, few human cases having been described. the aim of our study was to determine the seroprevalence of rickettsia (spotted fever--sfg--and typhus--tg--groups) and coxiella burnetii (q fever agent) in residents of buenos aires city. the study involved 99 participants. rickettsia igg antibodies against sfg and tg were detected by ifa in 28.3% and 16.2% of serum samples, respectively. sfg ...	2015	26616661
kinetics of antibody response to coxiella burnetii infection (q fever): estimation of the seroresponse onset from antibody levels.	from 2007 to 2009, the netherlands experienced a major q fever epidemic. long-term serological follow-up of acute q fever patients enabled the investigation of longitudinal antibody responses and estimating the onset of the seroresponse in individual patients.	2015	26616040
18-fdg pet/ ct scan in the diagnosis and follow-up of chronic q fever aortic valve endocarditis.	chronic q fever endocarditis is a rare but important infection associated with risk of morbidity and mortality. echocardiography rarely visualises the vegetative lesion. we describe the first australian report of chronic q fever aortic valve endocarditis confirmed with the use of 18 -fdg pet/ ct scan. following valvular replacement, the patient had ongoing high serological titres despite active treatment and he was managed with yearly serial pet/ ct scan to confirm the absence of active infectio ...	2016	26610711
serologic screening for 13 infectious agents in roe deer (capreolus capreolus) in flanders.	in order to investigate the role of roe deer in the maintenance and transmission of infectious animal and human diseases in flanders, we conducted a serologic screening in 12 hunting areas.	2015	26609692
molecular methods routinely used to detect coxiella burnetii in ticks cross-react with coxiella-like bacteria.	q fever is a widespread zoonotic disease caused by coxiella burnetii. ticks may act as vectors, and many epidemiological studies aim to assess c. burnetii prevalence in ticks. because ticks may also be infected with coxiella-like bacteria, screening tools that differentiate between c. burnetii and coxiella-like bacteria are essential.	2015	26609691
moving from q fever to c. burnetii infection.		2016	26607959
antiphospholipid antibody syndrome with valvular vegetations in acute q fever.	coxiella burnetii endocarditis is considered to be a late complication of q fever in patients with preexisting valvular heart disease (vhd). we observed a large transient aortic vegetation in a patient with acute q fever and high levels of igg anticardiolipin antibodies (igg acl). therefore, we sought to determine how commonly acute q fever could cause valvular vegetations associated with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, which would be a new clinical entity.	2016	26585519
association of human q fever with animal husbandry, taiwan, 2004-2012.	in taiwan, q fever cases in humans began increasing in 2004 and peaked in 2007 but dramatically declined in 2008 and 2011. cases were significantly correlated with the number of goats. the decline might be associated with the collateral effects of measures to control goat pox in 2008 and 2010.	2015	26583537
a case of pediatric q fever osteomyelitis managed without antibiotics.	q fever osteomyelitis, caused by infection with coxiella burnetti, is rare but should be included in the differential diagnosis of children with culture-negative osteomyelitis, particularly if there is a history of contact with farm animals, and/or granulomatous change on histologic examination of a bone biopsy specimen. we describe a case of q fever osteomyelitis in a 6-year-old boy in which a decision was made not to treat the patient with combination antimicrobial agents, balancing possible r ...	2015	26574586
major differential gene regulation in coxiella burnetii between in vivo and in vitro cultivation models.	coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of the zoonotic disease q fever. as it is an intracellular pathogen, infection by c. burnetii requires adaptation to its eukaryotic host and intracellular environment. the recently developed cell-free medium also allows the bacteria to propagate without host cells, maintaining its infection potential. the adaptation to different hosts or extracellular environments has been assumed to involve genome-wide modulation of c. burnetii gene expression. however, ...	2015	26572556
acute q fever infection in thuringia, germany, after burial of roe deer fawn cadavers (capreolus capreolus): a case report.	we report on a case of a 48-year-old man who presented with acute q fever infection after burying two fawn cadavers (capreolus capreolus). recent outbreaks of q fever in europe have been traced back to intensive goat breeding units, sheep flocks in the proximity of highly populated urban areas or to farmed deer. to our knowledge, this is the first case report describing q fever infection in a human linked to roe deer as a source of infection.	2015	26566445
resistant anaemia and mixed cryoglobulinaemia in a patient on haemodialysis in the context of q fever.		2017	26565937
the health status of a village population, 7 years after a major q fever outbreak.	from 2007 to 2010, the netherlands experienced a major q fever outbreak with more than 4000 notifications. previous studies suggested that q fever patients could suffer long-term post-infection health impairments, especially fatigue. our objective was to assess the coxiella burnetii antibody prevalence and health status including fatigue, and assess their interrelationship in herpen, a high-incidence village, 7 years after the outbreak began. in 2014, we invited all 2161 adult inhabitants for a ...	2016	26560803
q fever and pregnancy: experience from the limoges regional university hospital.	q fever is an ubiquitous zoonosis caused by coxiella burnetii. its tropism for the uterus is a potential source of obstetric complications.	2016	26559421
description of 'candidatus berkiella aquae' and 'candidatus berkiella cookevillensis', two intranuclear bacteria of freshwater amoebae.	two novel bacteria of the phylum proteobacteria were isolated during searches for amoeba-resistant microorganisms in natural and constructed water systems. strain ht99 was isolated from amoebae found in the biofilm of an outdoor hot tub in cookeville, tennessee, usa, and strain cc99 was isolated from amoebae in the biofilm of a cooling tower in the same city. both bacteria were gram-negative cocci to coccobacilli, unculturable on conventional laboratory media, and were found to be intranuclear w ...	2015	26556637
coxiella burnetii antibody dynamics in heifers born to vaccinated versus non-vaccinated dams in a chronically infected dairy herd.	this study was designed to compare coxiella burnetii antibody dynamics in heifers born to vaccinated or non-vaccinated dams in a single high-producing dairy herd chronically infected with the bacterium. antibody dynamics were examined from birth to the postpartum period in replacement heifers (n = 14) born to non-vaccinated dams (n = 7) or to dams that had been vaccinated on gestation days 171-177 (n = 7) and 192-198. samples of blood, milk, faeces, vaginal fluid, colostrum and cotyledons (the l ...	2015	26551423
effect of a phase i coxiella burnetii inactivated vaccine on body temperature and milk yield in dairy cows.	q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by coxiella burnetii. the pathogen is prevalent in ruminants (goats, sheep, cows), which are the main sources of human infection. in the cattle industry around the world, animal (15 to 20%) and herd (38 to 72%) level prevalences of c. burnetii are high. vaccination of ruminants against q fever is considered important to prevent spreading of the disease and risk of infection in humans. however, published information on side effects of the q fever vaccination u ...	2016	26547657
coxiella burnetii endocarditis in a child caused by a new genotype.	coxiella burnetii endocarditis is a rare diagnosis in children. we present a case of q fever endocarditis due to a new genotype, mst 54, and review recent literature on q fever infections in children. practitioners should consider q fever in culture-negative endocarditis, particularly in children with congenital heart disease and history of travel or residence in endemic regions.	2016	26535879
to notify or not to notify: decision aid for policy makers on whether to make an infectious disease mandatorily notifiable.	mandatory notification can be a useful tool to support infectious disease prevention and control. guidelines are needed to help policymakers decide whether mandatory notification of an infectious disease is appropriate. we developed a decision aid, based on a range of criteria previously used in the netherlands or in other regions to help decide whether to make a disease notifiable. criteria were categorised as being effective, feasible and necessary with regard to the relevance of mandatory not ...	2015	26530302
molecular characterization by mlva of coxiella burnetii strains infecting dairy cows and goats of north-eastern italy.	q fever is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by coxiella burnetii (c. burnetii), an obligate intracellular bacterium. in ruminants, shedding into the environment mainly occurs during parturition or abortion, but the bacterium is shed also in milk, vaginal mucus, stools and urine. in italy few surveys have been conducted and reported seroprevalence values ranged between 10% and 60%, even if few human cases have been described. genotyping of bacteria is crucial for enhancing diagnostic methods a ...	2016	26526416
coxiella-like endosymbiont in argasid ticks (ornithodoros muesebecki) from a socotra cormorant colony in umm al quwain, united arab emirates.	coxiella burnetii is a pathogen causing q fever in domestic animals and humans. seabirds have been implicated as possible reservoirs of this bacterium in the arabian gulf and in the western indian ocean. recently, coxiella species closely related to c. burnetii was detected from ticks collected from oil rigs used as roosting areas by socotra cormorants (phalacrocorax nigrogularis) in the western arabian gulf. we collected ticks from the largest breeding colony of socotra cormorants in the united ...	2016	26515059
persistence of impaired health status of q fever patients 4 years after the first dutch outbreak.	a significant proportion of q fever patients from the first dutch q fever outbreak in 2007 showed impairment in health status up to 1 year after infection. interested in whether this decrease in health status persisted, we set out to determine the health status in the same cohort of patients, 4 years after primary infection and to compare health status scores at the individual patient level between 1 and 4 years follow-up. health status was assessed with the nijmegen clinical screening instrumen ...	2016	26508155
one health approach to controlling a q fever outbreak on an australian goat farm.	a recent outbreak of q fever was linked to an intensive goat and sheep dairy farm in victoria, australia, 2012-2014. seventeen employees and one family member were confirmed with q fever over a 28-month period, including two culture-positive cases. the outbreak investigation and management involved a one health approach with representation from human, animal, environmental and public health. seroprevalence in non-pregnant milking goats was 15% [95% confidence interval (ci) 7-27]; active infectio ...	2016	26493615
development of a taqman array card for acute-febrile-illness outbreak investigation and surveillance of emerging pathogens, including ebola virus.	acute febrile illness (afi) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet an etiologic agent is often not identified. convalescent-phase serology is impractical, blood culture is slow, and many pathogens are fastidious or impossible to cultivate. we developed a real-time pcr-based taqman array card (tac) that can test six to eight samples within 2.5 h from sample to results and can simultaneously detect 26 afi-associated organisms, including 15 viruses (chikungunya, crime ...	2015	26491176
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in seroprevalence studies of q fever: the need for cut-off adaptation and the consequences for prevalence data.	large outbreaks of q fever have recently increased the awareness of this disease as a public health issue. knowledge of the general impact of q fever relies mainly on seroprevalence studies and it is fundamental that seroprevalence is assessed accurately. therefore we evaluated the few enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) commercially available for this purpose. an outbreak in 2005 in jena, a city of 100,000 inhabitants, gave us the opportunity for the evaluation. however, we found disapp ...	2016	26489591
brucellosis and coxiella burnetii infection in householders and their animals in secure villages in herat province, afghanistan: a cross-sectional study.	brucellosis and coxiellosis are known to be endemic in ruminant populations throughout afghanistan, but information about their prevalence and factors that affect prevalence in householders and livestock under diverse husbandry systems and pastoral settings is sparse.	2015	26485520
bacterial tag encoded flx titanium amplicon pyrosequencing (btefap) based assessment of prokaryotic diversity in metagenome of lonar soda lake, india.	bacterial diversity and archaeal diversity in metagenome of the lonar soda lake sediment were assessed by bacterial tag-encoded flx amplicon pyrosequencing (btefap). metagenome comprised 5093 sequences with 2,531,282 bp and 53 ± 2% g + c content. metagenome sequence data are available at ncbi under the bioproject database with accession no. prjna218849. metagenome sequence represented the presence of 83.1% bacterial and 10.5% archaeal origin. a total of 14 different bacteria demonstrating 57 spe ...	2015	26484168
validation study for using lab-on-chip technology for coxiella burnetii multi-locus-vntr-analysis (mlva) typing: application for studying genotypic diversity of strains from domestic ruminants in france.	coxiella burnetii, the etiologic bacterium of q fever zoonosis, is still difficult to control. ruminants are often carriers and involved in human epidemics. mlva is a promising genotyping method for molecular epidemiology. different techniques are used to resolve the mlva band profiles such as electrophoresis on agarose gels, capillary electrophoresis or using the microfluidic lab-on-chip system. in this study, system based on microfluidics electrophoresis with lab-on-chip technology was assesse ...	2016	26482502
the natural infection of birds and ticks feeding on birds with rickettsia spp. and coxiella burnetii in slovakia.	ixodid ticks (acari: ixodidae) are known as primary vectors of many pathogens causing diseases in humans and animals. ixodes ricinus is a common ectoparasite in europe and birds are often hosts of subadult stages of the tick. from 2012 to 2013, 347 birds belonging to 43 species were caught and examined for ticks in three sites of slovakia. ticks and blood samples from birds were analysed individually for the presence of rickettsia spp. and coxiella burnetii by pcr-based methods. only i. ricinus ...	2016	26477038
single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping and distribution of coxiella burnetii strains from field samples in belgium.	the genotypic characterization of coxiella burnetii provides useful information about the strains circulating at the farm, region, or country level and may be used to identify the source of infection for animals and humans. the aim of the present study was to investigate the strains of c. burnetii circulating in caprine and bovine belgian farms using a single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) technique. direct genotyping was applied to different samples (bulk tank milk, individual milk, vaginal swab ...	2015	26475104
vertebral fractures and abdominal aortic aneurysm revealing q fever.		2016	26471413
b-cell non-hodgkin lymphoma linked to coxiella burnetii.	bacteria can induce human lymphomas, whereas lymphoproliferative disorders have been described in patients with q fever. we observed a lymphoma in a patient with q fever that prompted us to investigate the association between the 2 diseases. we screened 1468 consecutive patients of the 2004 to 2014 french national referral center for q fever database. the standardized incidence ratios (sirs) of diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (dlbcl) and follicular lymphoma (fl) were calculated comparatively to th ...	2016	26463422
isolation of coxiella burnetii from serum of patients with acute q fever.	worldwide there are few isolate collections of the intracellular bacterium coxiella burnetii, due to the difficulties associated with working with the organism and the scarcity of suitable samples from which to attempt isolation. particularly lacking are isolates from acute q fever patients. the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the serum samples taken from patients with confirmed acute q fever during the early stage of their disease represented a potential source of viable c. burnetii. ...	2015	26462766
the importance of ticks in q fever transmission: what has (and has not) been demonstrated?	q fever is a widespread zoonotic disease caused by coxiella burnetii, a ubiquitous intracellular bacterium infecting humans and a variety of animals. transmission is primarily but not exclusively airborne, and ticks are usually thought to act as vectors. we argue that, although ticks may readily transmit c. burnetii in experimental systems, they only occasionally transmit the pathogen in the field. furthermore, we underscore that many coxiella-like bacteria are widespread in ticks and may have b ...	2015	26458781
prevalence and distribution of soil-borne zoonotic pathogens in lahore district of pakistan.	a multidisciplinary, collaborative project was conducted to determine the prevalence and distribution of soil-borne zoonotic pathogens in lahore district of pakistan and ascertain its public health significance. using a grid-based sampling strategy, soil samples (n = 145) were collected from villages (n = 29, 5 samples/village) and examined for bacillus anthracis, burkholderia mallei/pseudomallei, coxiella burnetii, francisella tularensis, and yersinia pestis using real time pcr assays. chemical ...	2015	26441860
role of b cells in host defense against primary coxiella burnetii infection.	despite coxiella burnetii being an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen, our recent study demonstrated that b cells play a critical role in vaccine-induced immunity to c. burnetii infection by producing protective antibodies. however, the role of b cells in host defense against primary c. burnetii infection remains unclear. in this study, we investigated whether b cells play an important role in host defense against primary c. burnetii infection. the results showed that peritoneal b cells w ...	2015	26438792
hospital-based surveillance for infectious etiologies among patients with acute febrile illness in georgia, 2008-2011.	information on the infectious causes of undifferentiated acute febrile illness (afi) in georgia is essential for effective treatment and prevention. in may 2008, a hospital-based afi surveillance was initiated at six hospitals in georgia. patients aged ≥ 4 years with fever ≥ 38°c for ≥ 48 hours were eligible for surveillance. blood culture and serologic testing were conducted for leptospira spp., brucella spp., west nile virus (wnv), crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus, coxiella burnetii, tick ...	2016	26438032
positron emission tomography to diagnose chronic q fever.		2015	26433871
molecular survey of tick-borne pathogens in ixodid ticks collected from hunted wild animals in tuscany, italy.	to determine the prevalence of zoonotic tick-borne bacteria in feeding ticks removed from hunted wild animals.	2015	26433656
evaluation of a new serological test for the detection of anti-coxiella and anti-rickettsia antibodies.	coxiella burnetii and members of the genus rickettsia are obligate intracellular bacteria. since cultivation of these organisms requires dedicated techniques, their diagnosis usually relies on serological or molecular biology methods. immunofluorescence is considered the gold standard to detect antibody-reactivity towards these organisms. here, we assessed the performance of a new automated epifluorescence immunoassay (inodiag) to detect igm and igg against c. burnetii, rickettsia typhi and rick ...	2016	26432518
coxiella burnetii infection with severe hyperferritinemia in an asplenic patient.	q fever is an uncommon but likely underreported zoonotic infection. severe hyperferritinemia has been associated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and other infectious diseases. in this study, we report a case of coxiella burnetii infection in an asplenic patient complicated by severe hyperferritinemia and bone marrow infiltration. in this case, the marked ferritin elevation may have been an indicator of profound systemic macrophage activation due to preferential intracellular infection of ...	2015	26430699
coxiella-like endosymbiont associated to the "anatolian brown tick" rhipicephalus bursa in southern italy.	several different ticks have been reported to harbor microbes related to coxiella burnetii, the agent of the q fever. rhipicephalus bursa is an important vector of tick-borne diseases in livestock in mediterranean area; it is also abundant in ovi-caprine farms with c. burnetii infection, in southern italy. 60 females of rh. bursa (15 pools) and 40 their eggs (2 pools) were screened for c. burnetii by a conventional pcr targeting the insertion sequence is1111 and by loop mediated isothermal ampli ...	2016	26428855
coxiella burnetii endocarditis and aortic vascular graft infection: an underrecognized disease.	q fever is considered endemic worldwide, and endocarditis, or aortic vascular infection, or both caused by coxiella burnetii can be a fatal disease. the importance of surgical intervention has not yet been defined. we performed a descriptive retrospective study to assess indications for surgical treatment, timing of treatment, and outcome.	2016	26428692
an unusual presentation of acute q fever.		2016	26428334
the seroprevalence of some pathogen specific igm in children with acute respiratory tract infections in guangzhou region, 2011 - 2012.	acute respiratory tract infections (artis) are the leading cause of morbidity and death in children < 5 years worldwide. the aim of this study is to analyze the seroprevalence of nine pathogen specific igms in children with artis with respect to gender, age, and seasonality in the guangzhou region.	2015	26427134
serological survey of bartonella spp., borrelia burgdorferi, brucella spp., coxiella burnetii, francisella tularensis, leptospira spp., echinococcus, hanta-, tbe- and xmr-virus infection in employees of two forestry enterprises in north rhine-westphalia, germany, 2011-2013.	we initiated a survey to collect basic data on the frequency and regional distribution of various zoonoses in 722 employees of forestry enterprises in the german state of north rhine-westphalia (nrw) from 2011 to 2013. exposures associated with seropositivity were identified to give insight into the possible risk factors for infection with each pathogen. 41.2% of participants were found to be seropositive for anti-bartonella igg, 30.6% for anti-borrelia burgdorferi igg, 14.2% for anti-leptospira ...	2015	26422407
q fever outbreak among travelers to germany who received live cell therapy--united states and canada, 2014.	during september–november 2014, the new york state department of health (nysdoh) was notified of five new york state residents who had tested seropositive for coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of q fever. all five patients had symptoms compatible with q fever (e.g., fever, fatigue, chills, and headache) and a history of travel to germany to receive a medical treatment called "live cell therapy" (sometimes called "fresh cell therapy") in may 2014. live cell therapy is the practice of injecti ...	2015	26421460
aseptic meningitis caused by coxiella burnetii.	acute q fever can have multiple presentations but neurologic involvement is rare. we describe the case of a 16-year-old female with severe headache and aseptic meningitis with acute coxiella burnetii infection.	2016	26418239
shedding patterns of endemic eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa) pathogens.	the eurasianwild boar has experienced aworldwide demographic explosion that increases awareness on shared pathogens. however, shedding routes of relevant wild boar pathogens are unknown. previous observations on sex- and age-related differences in aujeszky's disease virus (adv) exposure led us to hypothesize that shedding patterns of endemicwild boar pathogens may be influenced by individual traits.we investigated shedding routes of adv, porcine parvovirus (ppv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) ...	2015	26412545
a rare case of q fever osteomyelitis in a child from regional australia.	q fever osteomyelitis is a rare disease. we report an eighth pediatric case from regional australia. serology is the first-line diagnostic test, with confirmation by pcr on tissue specimens. in endemic settings, q fever should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic osteomyelitis; in particular, presumed chronic-recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis should be considered a possible presentation of q fever osteo-articular disease in children.	2015	26407439
q fever outbreak among workers at a waste-sorting plant.	an outbreak of q fever occurred in february-april 2014 among workers at a waste-sorting plant in bilbao (spain). the outbreak affected 58.5% of investigated employees, 47.2% as confirmed cases (pcr and/or serology) and 11.3% as probable cases (symptoms without laboratory confirmation). only employees who had no-access to the waste processing areas of the plant were not affected and incidence of infection was significantly higher among workers not using respiratory protection masks. detection by ...	2015	26398249
[acute hepatitis due coxiella burnetii].		2016	26392251
occurrence and genotyping of coxiella burnetii in ixodid ticks in oromia, ethiopia.	this study was conducted from september 2011 to march 2014 to address the occurrence and genotypes of coxiella burnetii using molecular methods in ticks collected from domestic animals in ethiopia. ticks were tested for c. burnetii by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) targeting two different genes followed by multispacer sequence typing (mst). an overall prevalence of 6.4% (54/842) of c. burnetii was recorded. c. burnetii was detected in 28.6% (14/49) of amblyomma gemma, 25 ...	2015	26392155
the effect of wind on coxiella burnetii transmission between cattle herds: a mechanistic approach.	there is a consensus that wind plays a key role in the transmission of coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of q fever, between ruminants and from ruminants to humans. however, no observational study so far has focused on the mechanisms associated with this airborne transmission. this study applied a mechanistic epidemiological approach to investigate the processes underlying the wind effect and to assess its influence on the risk for a dairy herd to become c. burnetii infected. ninety-five da ...	2017	26392118
antibiotic susceptibility determination for six strains of coxiella burnetii mst 17 from cayenne, french guiana.		2015	26391379
the role of infection in miscarriage.	miscarriage is the spontaneous loss of a pregnancy before 12 weeks (early miscarriage) or from 12 to 24 weeks (late miscarriage) of gestation. miscarriage occurs in one in five pregnancies and can have considerable physiological and psychological implications for the patient. it is also associated with significant health care costs. there is evidence that potentially preventable infections may account for up to 15% of early miscarriages and up to 66% of late miscarriages. however, the provision ...	2015	26386469
life-threatening q fever infection following exposure to kangaroos and wallabies.	a 28-year-old woman, a park ranger, developed acute q fever with associated sepsis, profound jaundice, disseminated intravascular coagulation and multiorgan failure necessitating prolonged admission to the intensive care unit for ventilatory support. she recovered fully and remains well 4 years later.	2015	26385915
estimation of acute and chronic q fever incidence in children during a three-year outbreak in the netherlands and a comparison with international literature.	in the dutch 2007-2009 q fever outbreak coxiella burnetii was transmitted aerogenically from dairy goat farms to those living in the surrounding areas. relatively few children were reported. the true number of pediatric infections is unknown. in this study, we estimate the expected number of acute and chronic childhood infections.	2015	26384483
coxiella burnetii seropositivity and associated risk factors in sheep in ontario, canada.	coxiella burnetii is a zoonotic bacterium that can cause abortion in sheep in late gestation, as well as the delivery of stillborn, and non-viable lambs (rodolakis, 2006). a cross-sectional study was conducted in ontario, canada, to investigate c. burnetii exposure in sheep. between august 2010 and january 2012, sera from 2363 reproductively active ewes from 72 farms were tested for c. burnetii specific antibodies using the chekit q fever elisa test kit (idexx laboratories). overall, exposure wa ...	2015	26376066
first molecular evidence of coxiella burnetii infecting ticks in cuba.	coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of q fever. in order to explore the occurrence of c. burnetii in ticks, samples were collected from horses, dogs and humans living in a cuban occidental community. the species most commonly recovered were amblyomma mixtum (67%), rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. (27%) and dermacentor nitens (6%). specific is1111 pcr and amplicon sequencing allowed the identification of c. burnetii dna in a. mixtum collected from a domestic horse. these findings, for first tim ...	2016	26372520
surfactant protein d binds to coxiella burnetii and results in a decrease in interactions with murine alveolar macrophages.	coxiella burnetii is a gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacterium and the causative agent of q fever. infections are usually acquired after inhalation of contaminated particles, where c. burnetii infects its cellular target cells, alveolar macrophages. respiratory pathogens encounter the c-type lectin surfactant protein d (sp-d) during the course of natural infection. sp-d is a component of the innate immune response in the lungs and other mucosal surfaces. many gram-negative pulmonary path ...	2015	26366725