Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| quantitative differences in salivary pathogen load during tick transmission underlie strain-specific variation in transmission efficiency of anaplasma marginale. | the relative fitness of arthropod-borne pathogens within the vector can be a major determinant of pathogen prevalence within the mammalian host population. strains of the tick-borne rickettsia anaplasma marginale differ markedly in transmission efficiency, with a consequent impact on pathogen strain structure. we have identified two a. marginale strains with significant differences in the transmission phenotype that is effected following infection of the salivary gland. we have proposed competin ... | 2009 | 18955472 |
| genetic diversity of anaplasma marginale strains from an outbreak of bovine anaplasmosis in an endemic area. | anaplasma marginale is a tick-borne pathogen of cattle that causes the disease bovine anaplasmosis worldwide. major surface proteins (msps) are involved in host-pathogen and tick-pathogen interactions and have been used as markers for the genetic characterization of a. marginale strains. a. marginale genotypes are highly variable in endemic areas worldwide. the genetic composition of a. marginale strains during anaplasmosis outbreaks has been characterized in one study only which reported a sing ... | 2008 | 18842342 |
| experimental transmission of field anaplasma marginale and the a. centrale vaccine strain by hyalomma excavatum, rhipicephalus sanguineus and rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus ticks. | the cattle rickettsia anaplasma marginale is distributed worldwide and is transmitted by about 20 tick species, but only rhipicephalus simus, a strictly african tick species, has been shown to transmit the vaccine strain of a. centrale. the aim of the present study was to examine transmission of field strains of a. marginale and of the vaccine strain of a. centrale by three tick species -hyalomma excavatum, rhipicephalus sanguineus and rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus - to susceptible calves. ... | 2009 | 18823724 |
| [detection of antibodies against anaplasma sp. in small ruminants from the semi-arid region against pernambuco state, brazil]. | this paper reports the detection of antibodies against anaplasma sp. in goats and sheep from the semi-arid region from pernambuco state, brazil, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with recombinant msp5 of anaplasma marginale. sera from 243 goats and 68 sheep from ibimirim municipality were analyzed and frequencies of antibodies of 11.93% (29/243) and 16.17% (11/68) were found for goats and sheep, respectively. the epidemiological relevance of the findings was discussed. | 2008 | 18823582 |
| frequency of antibodies to babesia bigemina, b. bovis, anaplasma marginale, trypanosoma vivax and borrelia burgdorferi in cattle from the northeastern region of the state of pará, brazil. | babesiosis, anaplasmosis, and trypanosomosis are relevant diseases, potentially causing morbidity in cattle, leading to economic losses. borreliosis is import as a potential zoonosis. the objective of this study was to determine, by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), the frequency of seropositive cattle to babesia bigemina, b. bovis, anaplasma marginale, trypanosoma vivax and borrelia burgdorferi in cattle from the northeastern region of pará, brazil. sera samples from 246 femal ... | 2008 | 18823579 |
| [immune-humoral response of water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) against anaplasma marginale (theiler, 1910)]. | the aim of the present study was to analyze the humoral-immune response of water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) naturally infected against anaplasma marginale. for this work, colostrums/milk and blood samples were sequentially collected from buffalo cows prior and after partum for a period of 335 days and from buffalo calves from birth to 365 days after. the antibodies in the colostrums/milk and serum samples of these animals were determined using an elisa indirect method and the data were analyzed a ... | 2008 | 18823574 |
| duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction for simultaneous detection and quantification of anaplasma marginale and anaplasma centrale. | anaplasma marginale and anaplasma centrale are rickettsial pathogens responsible for acute disease and mild infections, respectively, in cattle herds. a duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay with probes labeled with different fluorophores was developed for simultaneous detection and quantification of a. marginale and a. centrale dna in bovine blood samples. the assay was able to detect as few as 10(1) and 10(2) dna copies for a. marginale and a. centrale, respectively, with opti ... | 2008 | 18776093 |
| evaluation of sequential coinfection with anaplasma phagocytophilum and anaplasma marginale in cattle. | to determine whether sequelae of infection differed among single versus double infection with anaplasma phagocytophilum or anaplasma marginale, with and without tick salivary extract, in cattle. | 2008 | 18764690 |
| pcr-based detection of blood parasites in cattle and adult rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks. | to ascertain the infection rate for tick-borne pathogens in zambia, an epidemiological survey of theileria parva, babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale in traditionally managed sanga cattle was conducted using pcr. of the 71 native zambian cattle, 28 (39.4%) were positive for t. parva, 16 (22.5%) for b. bigemina and 34 (47.9%) for a. marginale. the mixed infection rate in cattle was 8.5% (6/71), 16.9% (12/71), 7.0% (5/71) and 2.8% (2/71) for t. parva/b. bigemina, t. parva/a. marginale, b. big ... | 2009 | 18700182 |
| distribution and application of elisa for the seroprevalence of tick-borne diseases in central equatoria state, sudan. | this study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of theileria parva, theileria mutans, babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale antibodies among naturally infected cattle in central equatoria state, southern sudan using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). three locations (khor rumla, nyaing and gumbo) were selected and surveyed every 3 months during the period from january to december 2005. six cattle herds in the three locations were visited four times during the study peri ... | 2008 | 18666971 |
| cloning, expression, and characterization of the msp1a and msp1b recombinant proteins from pr1 anaplasma marginale strain, brazil. | the anaplasma marginale is a bacterium that has obligate intraerythrocytic multiplication in cattle causing important economic loss. the a. marginale major surface protein 1 (msp1) complex, heterodimer composed of msp1a and msp1b, has been identified as adhesins for bovine erythrocytes. the objectives of this study were to sequences the msp1beta gene and produce and characterize recombinant msp1a and msp1b from a brazilian strain of a. marginale, pr1. the msp1alpha and msp1beta genes from the pr ... | 2009 | 18603273 |
| anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a directs cell surface display of tick bm95 immunogenic peptides on escherichia coli. | the surface display of heterologous proteins on live escherichia coli using anchoring motifs from outer membranes proteins has impacted on many areas of biochemistry, molecular biology and biotechnology. the anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a (msp1a) contains n-terminal surface-exposed repeated peptides (28-289 amino acids) that are involved in pathogen interaction with host cell receptors and is surface-displayed when the recombinant protein is expressed in e. coli. therefore, it was ... | 2008 | 18582976 |
| clinical features associated with seroconversion to anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina and theileria parva infections in african cattle under natural tick challenge. | a longitudinal study was conducted in southeast uganda for 14 months on 640 zebu cattle kept under natural tick challenge, with a view to identifying clinical features for prediction of seroconversion to anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina and theileria parva infections. physical examination, condition scoring and tick counts were undertaken on all cattle every 4 weeks. in addition, 5300 sera were collected and analysed for antibodies against a. marginale, b. bigemina and t. parva infections u ... | 2008 | 18579313 |
| tick-borne transmission of two genetically distinct anaplasma marginale strains following superinfection of the mammalian reservoir host. | strain superinfection affects the dynamics of epidemiological spread of pathogens through a host population. superinfection has recently been shown to occur for two genetically distinct strains of the tick-borne pathogen anaplasma marginale that encode distinctly different surface protein variants. superinfected animals could serve as a reservoir for onward transmission of both strains if the tick vector is capable of acquiring and transmitting both strains. whether competition among strains dur ... | 2008 | 18573892 |
| cloning, sequencing and antigenic characterization of rvirb9 of anaplasma marginale isolated from paraná state, brazil. | anaplasma marginale, a tick-borne bacterium, causes bovine anaplasmosis responsible for significant economic losses in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. various major outer membranes have been described, and virb9, a type iv secretion system protein, has been recently indicated as a candidate in vaccine development against anaplasmosis. the virb9 gene of an a. marginale strain isolated in paraná, brazil, was cloned by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced; its cloning into the petsum ... | 2008 | 18561379 |
| studies on correlations among parasitaemia and some hemolytic indices in two tropical diseases (theileriosis and anaplasmosis) in fars province of iran. | this study was carried out in two observational clinical studies. study 1 comprised 50 adult crossbred cattle naturally infected by theileria annulata. infected animals were divided into 4 subgroups with different parasitaemia (<1%, 1-3%, 3-5% and >5%). study 2 comprised 20 adult crossbred cattle naturally infected by anaplasma marginale. infected animals were divided into 3 subgroups with different parasitaemia (<10%, 10-20% and 20-30%). in study 1, a significant negative correlation (p<0.001) ... | 2008 | 18551778 |
| silencing expression of the defensin, varisin, in male dermacentor variabilis by rna interference results in reduced anaplasma marginale infections. | antimicrobial peptides, including defensins, are components of the innate immune system in ticks that have been shown to provide protection against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. varisin, one of the defensins identified in dermacentor variabilis, was shown to be produced primarily in hemocytes but transcript levels were also expressed in midguts and other tick cells. in this research, we studied the role of varisin in the immunity of ticks to the gram-negative cattle pathogen, an ... | 2008 | 18523848 |
| induced immune response of dna vaccine encoding an association msp1a, msp1b, and msp5 antigens of anaplasma marginale. | the outer membrane proteins of anaplasma marginale have been the focus of research to obtain an improved vaccine against bovine anaplasmosis. we evaluated the capacity of the recombinant plasmids pcdna-msp1alpha, pcdna-msp1beta, and pcdna-mp5 to express msp1a, msp1b, and msp5 proteins, and to determine the immunogenicity of balb/c mice immunized with these plasmids individually or in association. expression of proteins was confirmed in vero cells by ifa. the combination of recombinant plasmids s ... | 2008 | 18502005 |
| in situ detection of anaplasma spp. by dna target-primed rolling-circle amplification of a padlock probe and intracellular colocalization with immunofluorescently labeled host cell von willebrand factor. | endothelial cell culture and preliminary immunofluorescent staining of anaplasma-infected tissues suggest that endothelial cells may be an in vivo nidus of mammalian infection. to investigate endothelial cells and other potentially cryptic sites of anaplasma sp. infection in mammalian tissues, a sensitive and specific isothermal in situ technique to detect localized anaplasma gene sequences by using rolling-circle amplification of circularizable, linear, oligonucleotide probes (padlock probes) w ... | 2008 | 18495855 |
| molecular identification of anaplasma marginale and rickettsial endosymbionts in blood-sucking flies (diptera: tabanidae, muscidae) and hard ticks (acari: ixodidae). | in an attempt to identify the main vector and possible transmission routes of anaplasma spp. in a region of hungary with high prevalence of ovine and bovine anaplasmosis, dna was extracted from 316 haematophagous arthropods (individually or in pools), including 4 species of ixodid ticks, 6 species of tabanid flies and hornflies. midichloria-like organisms were identified with pcr (amplifying a portion of the 16s rrna gene) and sequencing from dermacentor marginatus and ixodes ricinus. significan ... | 2008 | 18495345 |
| productivity and health effects of anaplasmosis and babesiosis on bos indicus cattle and their crosses, and the effects of differing intensity of tick control in australia. | tick fever is an important disease of cattle where rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus acts as a vector for the three causal organisms babesia bovis, babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale. bos indicus cattle and their crosses are more resistant to the clinical effects of infection with b. bovis and b. bigemina than are bos taurus cattle. resistance is not complete, however, and herds of b. indicus-cross cattle are still at risk of babesiosis in environments where exposure to b. bovis is light ... | 2008 | 18472219 |
| igg and igg2 antibodies from cattle naturally infected with anaplasma marginale recognize the recombinant vaccine candidate antigens virb9, virb10, and elongation factor-tu. | anaplasma marginale is an important vector-borne rickettsia of ruminants in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. immunization with purified outer membranes of this organism induces protection against acute anaplasmosis. previous studies, with proteomic and genomic approach identified 21 proteins within the outer membrane immunogen in addition to previously characterized major surface protein1a-5 (msp1a-5). among the newly described proteins were virb9, virb10, and elongation factor-tu ... | 2008 | 18425271 |
| concomitant infection of cattle with the vaccine strain anaplasma marginale ss centrale and field strains of a. marginale. | bovine anaplasmosis, caused by anaplasma marginale, the intraerythrocytic rickettsia, is controlled by vaccination with live anaplasma marginale ss centrale (a. centrale), a subspecies of relatively low pathogenicity. we have experimentally demonstrated that an animal primarily infected with a. marginale, or with the related vaccine subspecies a. centrale can be infected with the heterologous subspecies, and carries both bacteria. the co-infection was detected in experimentally cross-infected ca ... | 2008 | 18387757 |
| parasitic infections in dairy cattle around hanoi, northern vietnam. | in northern vietnam, dairy cattle are mainly managed in small-scale farms, where animals are kept confined and feeding occurs by cut and carry methods. in the present study the occurrence of parasitic infections was examined in five provinces around hanoi. a total of 201 farms were visited, and 334 stool and 239 blood samples were collected from calves younger than 3 months, animals between 3 and 24 months and adult cows. furthermore, 254 milk samples were collected from lactating animals. copro ... | 2008 | 18328629 |
| composition of the surface proteome of anaplasma marginale and its role in protective immunity induced by outer membrane immunization. | surface proteins of tick-borne, intracellular bacterial pathogens mediate functions essential for invasion and colonization. consequently, the surface proteome of these organisms is specifically relevant from two biological perspectives, induction of protective immunity in the mammalian host and understanding the transition from the mammalian host to the tick vector. in this study, the surface proteome of anaplasma marginale, a tick-transmitted bacterial pathogen, was targeted by using surface-s ... | 2008 | 18316389 |
| comparison of the efficiency of biological transmission of anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) by dermacentor andersoni stiles (acari: ixodidae) with mechanical transmission by the horse fly, tabanus fuscicostatus hine (diptera: muscidae). | mechanical transmission ofanaplasma marginale by horse flies (tabanidae) is thought to be epidemiologically significant in some areas of the united states. we compared the relative efficiencies of mechanical transmission of anaplasma marginale by the horse fly, tabanus fuscicostatus hine, during acute infection (approximately 10(7) to approximately 10(9) infected erythrocytes [ie]/ml blood) with biological transmission by dermacentor andersoni stiles in the persistent phase of infection (approxi ... | 2008 | 18283950 |
| validation of an anaplasma marginale celisa for use in the diagnosis of a. ovis infections in domestic sheep and anaplasma spp. in wild ungulates. | a commercially available (celisa) kit for diagnosing anaplasma marginale infection in cattle was validated for diagnosing a ovis infection in sheep using the bovine serum controls as supplied by the manufacturer (bcelisa) and sheep serum controls from pathogen-free sheep (ocelisa). true positives were identified using two previously established assays, a nested pcr (npcr) test and an indirect immunofluorescent assay (ifa). the bcelisa was also applied to sera from various species of wild ruminan ... | 2008 | 18272296 |
| selenium status and antibodies to selected pathogens in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in southern minnesota. | to determine exposure to a variety of infectious diseases potentially important for native ungulates, livestock, and humans, serum samples from 114 (94 adults, 20 fawns) female white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) were collected during january 2000-03 from multiple locations in southeast (se) and southwest (sw) minnesota. antibody prevalence was determined for the following pathogens: mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, leptospira interrogans (six serovars), anaplasma marginale, b ... | 2008 | 18263838 |
| superinfection as a driver of genomic diversification in antigenically variant pathogens. | a new pathogen strain can penetrate an immune host population only if it can escape immunity generated against the original strain. this model is best understood with influenza viruses, in which genetic drift creates antigenically distinct strains that can spread through host populations despite the presence of immunity against previous strains. whether this selection model for new strains applies to complex pathogens responsible for endemic persistent infections, such as anaplasmosis, relapsing ... | 2008 | 18252822 |
| high-throughput identification of t-lymphocyte antigens from anaplasma marginale expressed using in vitro transcription and translation. | the ability to rapidly screen a complex pathogen proteome for proteins that elicit recall t-lymphocyte responses from immune individuals would accelerate vaccine development. an outer membrane fraction of the rickettsial pathogen anaplasma marginale induces protective immunity against infection and disease in cattle. we have used this immunization model to evaluate high-throughput screening of proteins expressed by in vitro transcription and translation (ivtt) for recognition by memory cd4(+) t- ... | 2008 | 18243240 |
| sequential analysis of anaplasma phagocytophilum msp2 transcription in murine and equine models of human granulocytic anaplasmosis. | anaplasma phagocytophilum causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis by inducing immunopathologic responses. its immunodominant msp2 protein is encoded by a family of >100 paralogs. msp2 (msp2) expression modulates in the absence of immune pressure, and prolonged in vitro passage modulates in vivo virulence. because programmed msp2 expression occurs in anaplasma marginale, we hypothesized a similar event in a. phagocytophilum in vivo, with specific msp2 expression triggering immunopathologic injury ... | 2008 | 18094110 |
| physical linkage of naturally complexed bacterial outer membrane proteins enhances immunogenicity. | the outer membrane proteins (omps) of bacterial pathogens are essential for their growth and survival and especially for attachment and invasion of host cells. since the outer membrane is the interface between the bacterium and the host cell, outer membranes and individual omps are targeted for development of vaccines against many bacterial diseases. whole outer membrane fractions often protect against disease, and this protection cannot be fully reproduced by using individual omps. exactly how ... | 2008 | 18086812 |
| development of a lateral flow assay for rapid detection of bovine antibody to anaplasma marginale. | a rapid lateral flow assay for detection of bovine antibody to anaplasma marginale was developed. the assay used a recombinant peptide of major surface protein 5 as the antigen and a monoclonal antibody specific for bovine igg(1) conjugated with colloidal gold beads for detection. serum and anticoagulated blood samples were obtained from cattle in an area where anaplasmosis was endemic. the samples were selected based on positive identification of the organism in blood smears. the unclotted bloo ... | 2008 | 18080877 |
| [natural infection by hemoparasites in calves submitted to chemoprophylaxis at 30 days of age]. | the tick-borne disease (tbd) brings great damages to cattle breeding. the most important etiologic agents are babesia bigemina, b. bovis and anaplasma marginale, being the tick boophilus microplus the main vector. this work reports the occurrence of natural infection by hemoparasites of tbd in 36 calves with high ticks natural infestation submitted to chemoprophylaxis with 30 days year-old. the blood smears from animals of different ages were analized and were found b. bigemina (33.3%), b. bovis ... | 2007 | 18078605 |
| [transcription of genes of membrane proteins of brazilians isolates of anaplasma marginale]. | this work shows the transcription profile of membrane protein genes in three brazilian isolates of anaplasma marginale (rio grande do norte, pernambuco-zona da mata, and pernambuco-sertão). rna was purified from cattle blood experimentally-infected with the three isolates of a. marginale. after reverse transcription, genes omp1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14; opag1-3; virb3, 9, and 10; am097, 197, 254, 854, and 956 were amplified by pcr, with specific primers. transcripts were dete ... | 2007 | 18078602 |
| experimental transmission of anaplasma marginale by male dermacentor reticulatus. | bovine anaplasmosis has been reported in several european countries, but the vector competency of tick species for anaplasma marginale from these localities has not been determined. because of the wide distributional range of dermacentor reticulatus within europe and the major role of dermacentor spp. as a vector of a. marginale in the united states, we tested the vector competency of d. reticulatus for a. marginale. | 2007 | 18053123 |
| outer membrane protein sequence variation in lambs experimentally infected with anaplasma phagocytophilum. | anaplasma phagocytophilum has long been known to cause tick-borne fever in ruminants and has been identified more recently as the causative agent of the emerging disease human granulocytic anaplasmosis. the related organism anaplasma marginale uses gene conversion of the expression site for two major outer membrane proteins (omps) to generate extensive sequence and antigenic variation in these omps. this is thought to present a continuously varying repertoire of epitopes to the mammalian host an ... | 2008 | 17967854 |
| functional genomic studies of tick cells in response to infection with the cattle pathogen, anaplasma marginale. | the coevolution of ticks and the pathogens that they transmit has ensured their mutual survival. in these studies, we used a functional genomics approach to characterize tick genes regulated in response to anaplasma marginale infection. differentially regulated genes/proteins were identified by suppression-subtractive hybridization and differential in-gel electrophoresis analyses of cultured ide8 tick cells infected with a. marginale. nine of 17 of these genes were confirmed by real-time rt-pcr ... | 2007 | 17964755 |
| experimental transmission of bovine anaplasmosis (caused by anaplasma marginale) by means of dermacentor variabilis and d. andersoni (ixodidae) collected in western canada. | canadian cattle are free of bovine anaplasmosis, with the exception of 4 isolated incursions since 1968, which were eradicated. it is not known why the disease has not become established in regions of canada adjacent to the united states where it is endemic. to assess the vector competence of wild-caught ticks in cattle-rearing regions, dermacentor variabilis and d. andersoni were collected in western canada and fed on calves experimentally infected with anaplasma marginale (st. maries strain). ... | 2007 | 17955901 |
| influence of dipping practices on the seroprevalence of babesiosis and anaplasmosis in the foot-and-mouth disease buffer zone adjoining the kruger national park in south africa. | a serological survey of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis was conducted in the foot-and-mouth disease buffer zone surrounding the kruger national park in south africa between 2001 and 2003 to determine whether the withdrawal of government-subsidized dipping in certain regions had affected the seroprevalence of these tick-borne diseases. seroprevalence of anaplasma marginale and babesia bovis increased during the study period. this increase was greater in limpopo province where farmers had to su ... | 2007 | 17883196 |
| maintenance of antibody to pathogen epitopes generated by segmental gene conversion is highly dynamic during long-term persistent infection. | multiple bacterial and protozoal pathogens utilize gene conversion to generate rapid intrahost antigenic variation. both large- and small-genome pathogens expand the size of the variant pool via a combinatorial process in which oligonucleotide segments from distinct donor loci are recombined in various combinations into expression sites. although the potential combinatorial diversity generated by this segmental gene conversion mechanism is quite large, the functional variant pool depends on whet ... | 2007 | 17785476 |
| targeting the tick/pathogen interface for developing new anaplasmosis vaccine strategies. | bovine anaplasmosis is a tick-borne hemolytic disease of cattle that occurs worldwide caused by the intraerythrocytic rickettsiae anaplasma marginale. control measures, including use of acaricides, administration of antibiotics and vaccines, have varied with geographic location. our research is focused on the tick-pathogen interface for development of new vaccine strategies with the goal of reducing anaplasmosis, tick infestations and the vectorial capacity of ticks. toward this approach, we hav ... | 2007 | 17682853 |
| anaplasmosis in cattle in italy. | bovine anaplasmosis caused by anaplasma marginale is a disease transmitted by ticks belonging to the ixodidae family. southern italy is considered an endemic zone but environmental and social factors are changing the epidemiology of the disease to expand to previously anaplasmosis-free regions. the available data of published reports of anaplasmosis in italy together with the data obtained by the national centre of reference for anaplasma, babesia, rickettsia and theileria (c.r.a.ba.r.t.), allow ... | 2007 | 17682850 |
| comparison of the complement fixation test and competitive elisa for serodiagnosis of anaplasma marginale infection in experimentally infected steers. | to compare sensitivity of a complement fixation (cf) test and competitive elisa (celisa) for detection of anaplasma marginale in experimentally infected steers. | 2007 | 17669027 |
| gene conversion is a convergent strategy for pathogen antigenic variation. | recent studies on three unrelated vector-borne pathogens, anaplasma marginale, borrelia hermsii and trypanosoma brucei, illustrate the central importance of gene conversion as a mechanism for antigenic variation, which results in subsequent evasion of the immune response and persistence in the reservoir host. the combination of genome sequence data and in vivo studies tracking variant emergence not only provides insight into the genetic mechanisms for variant generation and hierarchy in variant ... | 2007 | 17662656 |
| conservation of transmission phenotype of anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) strains among dermacentor and rhipicephalus ticks (acari: ixodidae). | before the eradication of boophilus ticks from the united states, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini) and rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus (say) were important biological vectors of the cattle pathogen anaplasma marginale theiler. in the absence of boophilus ticks, a. marginale continues to be transmitted by dermacentor ticks. however, a few u.s. strains are not transmissible by dermacentor andersoni stiles, dermacentor variabilis (say), or both, raising the question of how these ... | 2007 | 17547235 |
| molecular detection of ehrlichia ruminantium infection in amblyomma variegatum ticks in the gambia. | in west africa, losses due to heartwater disease are not known because the incidence/prevalence has not been well studied or documented. to develop a diagnostic tool for molecular epidemiology, three pcr-based diagnostic assays, a nested pcs20 pcr, a nested map1 pcr and a nested reverse line blot (rlb) hybridization assay, were evaluated to determine their ability to detect infection in vector ticks, by applying them simultaneously to a. variegatum field ticks to detect ehrlichia ruminantium, th ... | 2007 | 17476576 |
| diversifying selection and host adaptation in two endosymbiont genomes. | the endosymbiont wolbachia pipientis infects a broad range of arthropod and filarial nematode hosts. these diverse associations form an attractive model for understanding host:symbiont coevolution. wolbachia's ubiquity and ability to dramatically alter host reproductive biology also form the foundation of research strategies aimed at controlling insect pests and vector-borne disease. the wolbachia strains that infect nematodes are phylogenetically distinct, strictly vertically transmitted, and r ... | 2007 | 17470297 |
| detection and quantification of anaplasma marginale dna in blood samples of cattle by real-time pcr. | a taqman-based real-time pcr assay was developed for the diagnosis of anaplasma marginale infection of cattle. the established assay was proven to be highly specific, since no cross-reactions were observed with other anaplasma species of ruminants, including the closely related anaplasma centrale, or other haemoparasites of ruminants (anaplasma bovis, anaplasma ovis, anaplasma phagocytophilum, babesia bovis, babesia bigemina, theileria annulata and theileria buffeli). the detection limit was equ ... | 2007 | 17466470 |
| unraveling the immune regulatory mechanisms imposed by anaplasma. | 2008 | 17449299 | |
| epifaunistic arthropod parasites of the four-striped mouse, rhabdomys pumilio, in the western cape province, south africa. | flea, lice, mite, and tick species associated with 510 rhabdomys pumilio were collected at 9 localities in the western cape province, south africa. the aims of the study were first to quantify the species richness, prevalence, and relative mean intensity of infestation of epifaunistic arthropod species associated with r. pumilio, and second to determine temporal variations in the mean abundance of the parasitic arthropods. each mouse was examined under a stereoscopic microscope and its parasites ... | 2007 | 17436941 |
| acute anaplasmosis in imported cattle. | of 18 hereford cattle imported into quebec from the eastern u.s.a., five exhibited acute hemolytic anemia, icterus, depression, fever, anorexia and died; 11 were killed because they had positive or suspicious anaplasma titers and two were quarantined. anaplasma marginale organisms were found in the erythrocytes of the sick animals by light and electron microscopy. the partial absence of erythrocytic plasmalemma on several electron photomicrographs suggested exit of the anaplasma bodies. titers u ... | 1982 | 17422202 |
| identification of midgut and salivary glands as specific and distinct barriers to efficient tick-borne transmission of anaplasma marginale. | understanding the determinants of efficient tick-borne microbial transmission is needed to better predict the emergence of highly transmissible pathogen strains and disease outbreaks. although the basic developmental cycle of anaplasma and ehrlichia spp. within the tick has been delineated, there are marked differences in the ability of specific strains to be efficiently tick transmitted. using the highly transmissible st. maries strain of anaplasma marginale in dermacentor andersoni as a positi ... | 2007 | 17420231 |
| immune response of balb/c mouse immunized with recombinant msps proteins of anaplasma marginale binding to immunostimulant complex (iscom). | anaplasmosis, caused by anaplasma marginale, results in significant economic losses of cattle in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. six major surface proteins (msps) were well characterized and designated as msp1, msp2, msp3, msp4, and msp5. the objective of this study was to evaluate the humoral immune response of balb/c mice against the recombinant msps, incorporated into immunostimulating complex (iscom). the recombinant proteins purified by ni-nta columns were incorporated into isco ... | 2007 | 17395222 |
| prevalence and genetic diversity of anaplasma marginale strains in cattle in south africa. | bovine anaplasmosis, caused by the tick-borne rickettsia anaplasma marginale, is endemic in south africa and results in considerable economic loss to the cattle industry. this study was designed to characterize strains of a. marginale at the molecular level from cattle raised in communal and commercial farms in the north-eastern and south-western regions of the free state province, south africa, that varied in rainfall and vegetation. seroprevalence to a. marginale was determined in 755 cattle b ... | 2007 | 17359443 |
| immunogenicity of anaplasma marginale type iv secretion system proteins in a protective outer membrane vaccine. | rickettsial pathogens in the genera anaplasma and ehrlichia cause acute infection in immunologically naive hosts and are major causes of tick-borne disease in animals and humans. immunization with purified outer membranes induces protection against acute anaplasma marginale infection and disease, and a proteomic and genomic approach recently identified 21 proteins within the outer membrane immunogen in addition to the well-characterized major surface proteins msp1 to msp5. among the newly descri ... | 2007 | 17339347 |
| first serological and molecular evidence on the endemicity of anaplasma ovis and a. marginale in hungary. | recurring and spontaneously curing spring haemoglobinuria was recently reported in a small sheep flock in a selenium deficient area of northern hungary. in blood smears of two animals showing clinical signs, anaplasma-like inclusion bodies were seen in erythrocytes. to extend the scope of the study, 156 sheep from 5 flocks and 26 cattle from 9 farms in the region were examined serologically with a competitive elisa to detect antibodies to anaplasma marginale, a. centrale and a. ovis. the seropos ... | 2007 | 17336001 |
| in vitro cultivation of a south african isolate of an anaplasma sp. in tick cell cultures. | this paper describes the first successful in vitro cultivation of a south african isolate of an anaplasma sp., initially thought to be anaplasma marginale, in the continuous tick cell line ide8. blood from a bovine naturally infected with a. marginale kept on the farm kaalplaas (28 degrees 08' e, 25 degrees 38' s) was collected, frozen, thawed and used as inoculum on confluent ide8 cell cultures. twenty days after culture initiation small intracellular colonies were detected in a cytospin smear ... | 2006 | 17283724 |
| cloning, sequencing, expression, and antigenic characterization of rmsp4 from anaplasma marginale isolated from paraná state, brazil. | anaplasmosis is a bovine intraerythrocytic disease caused by the bacterium anaplasma marginale; it causes significant economic losses in tropical and subtropical regions, worldwide. the msp4 gene of an a. marginale strain isolated in paran , brazil, was amplified by pcr and sequenced; its cloning into the pet102/d-topo vector produced an msp4-6xhis-v5-hp thioredoxin fusion gene construct. this recombinant clone was over-expressed in escherichia coli bl21(de-3); the expressed fusion protein was f ... | 2007 | 17278086 |
| comparison of the efficacy of enrofloxacin, imidocarb, and oxytetracycline for clearance of persistent anaplasma marginale infections in cattle. | this study compared enrofloxacin and imidocarb dipropionate treatments with an oxytetracycline regimen proposed by the world organization for animal health for elimination of persistent anaplasma marginale infections in cattle. the effect of therapy on competitive elisa and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) reactivity was also assessed. twelve a. marginale-infected carrier calves were randomly assigned to groups receiving either enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg iv q24h for 5 days), imidocarb (5 mg/kg im twic ... | 2006 | 17216590 |
| dna vaccine construct incorporating intercellular trafficking and intracellular targeting motifs effectively primes and induces memory b- and t-cell responses in outbred animals. | we developed a vaccine construct in which a bvp22 domain and an invariant-chain major histocompatibility complex class ii-targeting motif capable of enhancing dendritic cell antigen uptake and presentation were fused to a sequence encoding a b- and t-cell antigen from the anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a and tested whether this construct would prime and expand immune responses in outbred calves. a single inoculation with this construct effectively primed the immune responses, as demo ... | 2007 | 17215335 |
| characterization of anaplasma phagocytophilum major surface protein 5 and the extent of its cross-reactivity with a. marginale. | major surface protein 5 (msp5) of anaplasma marginale is highly conserved in the genus anaplasma and the antigen used in a commercially available competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (celisa) for serologic identification of cattle with anaplasmosis. this study analyzes the degrees of conservation of msp5 among various isolates of anaplasma phagocytophilum and the extent of serologic cross-reactivity between recombinant msp5 (rmsp5) of anaplasma marginale and a. phagocytophilum. the msp5 ... | 2007 | 17215333 |
| in vivo endothelial cell infection by anaplasma marginale. | anaplasma marginale has recently been shown to infect endothelial cells in vitro, but it remains unknown as to whether endothelial infection also occurs in vivo. in this report, we demonstrate through dual fluorescence microscopy that a marginale, detected by the monoclonal antibody anaf16c1, co-localizes with the endothelial cell marker, von willebrand factor, in tissue sections from an experimentally inoculated calf. the results indicate that a marginale infection includes endothelial cells an ... | 2007 | 17197636 |
| selection for simple major surface protein 2 variants during anaplasma marginale transmission to immunologically naïve animals. | anaplasma marginale, a rickettsial pathogen, evades clearance in the animal host by antigenic variation. under immune selection, a. marginale expresses complex major surface protein 2 mosaics, derived from multiple donor sequences. however, these mosaics have a selective advantage only in the presence of adaptive immunity and are rapidly replaced by simple variants following transmission. | 2007 | 17178787 |
| transcriptome analysis of the salivary glands of dermacentor andersoni stiles (acari: ixodidae). | amongst blood-feeding arthropods, ticks of the family ixodidae (hard ticks) are vectors and reservoirs of a greater variety of infectious agents than any other ectoparasite. salivary glands of ixodid ticks secrete a large number of pharmacologically active molecules that not only facilitate feeding but also promote establishment of infectious agents. genomic, proteomic and immunologic characterization of bioactive salivary gland molecules are, therefore, important as they offer new insights into ... | 2007 | 17175446 |
| the development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for trypanosoma vivax antibodies and its use in epidemiological surveys. | there are data indicating that the distribution of trypanosoma vivax in the brazilian territory is expanding with potential to reach other areas, where the vectors are present. the detection of anti-trypanosomal antibodies in serum provides important information of the trypanosomal status in cattle herds. for this reason, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (tv-elisa-ab) with crude antigen from one brazilian isolate of t. vivax was developed and evaluated. the sensitivity and specificity were r ... | 2006 | 17160291 |
| development of an immunosensor for the diagnosis of bovine anaplasmosis. | an optical immunosensor based in major surface protein 5 (msp5) of anaplasma marginale was developed towards detection of anti-anaplasma sp. antibodies in acute infection as well as in vaccinated cattle. this study was performed using recombinant msp5 covalently immobilised in controlled pore glass (cpg) beads to detect anti-msp5 antibodies in serum samples. the quantification is based on the measurement of the cy5 fluorescence of the detection antibody, anti bovine igg, after reaction with seru ... | 2006 | 17135541 |
| an epidemiological study on anaplasma infection in cattle, sheep, and goats in mashhad suburb, khorasan province, iran. | the prevalence of anaplasma infection was studied in cattle, sheep, and goats in the mashhad area from 1999 to 2002. a total of 160 cattle from 32 farms and 391 sheep and 385 goats from 77 flocks were clinically examined for the presence of anaplasma spp. in blood smears. the study revealed that 19.37% of cattle were infected with anaplasma marginale and 80.3% of sheep and 38.92% of goats were infected with anaplasma ovis. prevalence of anaplasma infection between male and female and between dif ... | 2006 | 17114758 |
| new findings on members of the family anaplasmataceae of veterinary importance. | members of the family anaplasmataceae are obligate intracellular gram-negative bacteria that naturally infect a variety of wild and domestic animal species, the spillover of which may lead to zoonosis. i discuss new findings on members of the family anaplasmataceae of veterinary importance and therefore, i will describe the recent findings on neorickettsia risticii in the trematode and related neorickettsia species. i also will review the recent progress on aegyptianella pullorum and other aegyp ... | 2006 | 17114752 |
| anaplasmosis: focusing on host-vector-pathogen interactions for vaccine development. | anaplasma marginale and a. phagocytophylum are intracellular rickettsiae that cause bovine anaplasmosis and human granulocytic anaplasmosis, respectively. the ultimate vaccine for the control of anaplasmosis would be one that reduces infection and transmission of the pathogen by ticks. effective vaccines for control of anaplasmosis are not available despite attempts using different approaches, such as attenuated strains, infected erythrocyte and tick cell-derived purified antigens, and recombina ... | 2006 | 17114750 |
| insights into mechanisms of bacterial antigenic variation derived from the complete genome sequence of anaplasma marginale. | persistence of anaplasma spp. in the animal reservoir host is required for efficient tick-borne transmission of these pathogens to animals and humans. using a. marginale infection of its natural reservoir host as a model, persistent infection has been shown to reflect sequential cycles in which antigenic variants emerge, replicate, and are controlled by the immune system. variation in the immunodominant outer-membrane protein msp2 is generated by a process of gene conversion, in which unique hyp ... | 2006 | 17114676 |
| analysis of world strains of anaplasma marginale using major surface protein 1a repeat sequences. | anaplasma marginale is a tick-borne pathogen of cattle that causes the disease bovine anaplasmosis worldwide. major surface proteins (msps) are involved in host-pathogen and tick-pathogen interactions and have been used as markers for the genetic characterization of a. marginale strains and phylogenetic studies. msp1a is involved in the adhesion and transmission of a. marginale by ticks and varies among geographic strains in the number and sequence of amino-terminal tandem repeats. the aim of th ... | 2007 | 17084044 |
| comparison between indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for anaplasma marginale antibodies with recombinant major surface protein 5 and initial body antigens. | indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) based on recombinant major surface protein 5 (rmsp5) and initial body (ib) antigens from a brazilian isolate of anaplasma marginale were developed to detect antibodies against this rickettsia in cattle. both tests showed the same sensitivity (98.2%) and specificities (100% for rmsp5 and 93.8% for ib elisa) which did not differ statistically. no cross-reactions were detected with babesia bigemina antibodies, but 5 (rmsp5 elisa) to 15% (ib elisa ... | 2006 | 17072454 |
| phylogenetic analysis of anaplasma marginale strains from paraná state, brazil, using the msp1alpha and msp4 genes. | anaplasma marginale is an obligate intraerythrocytic rickettsial pathogen (order, rickettsiales: family, anaplasmataceae) that causes bovine anaplasmosis. this disease is widely distributed in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world and causes important economic losses to cattle production. major surface protein (msp)1a (msp1alpha gene) is one of the six msps identified on a. marginale from cattle, whose sequence and size vary according to the number of tandem 28- to 29-amino acid repeats ... | 2006 | 17062116 |
| sequence analysis of the msp4 gene of anaplasma ovis strains. | anaplasma ovis (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) is a tick-borne pathogen of sheep, goats and wild ruminants. the genetic diversity of a. ovis strains has not been well characterized due to the lack of sequence information. in this study, we evaluated bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis) and mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) from montana for infection with a. ovis by serology and sequence analysis of the msp4 gene. antibodies to anaplasma spp. were detected in 37% and 39% of bighorn sheep and mule deer ... | 2007 | 17052866 |
| anaplasma marginale field challenge: protection by an inactivated immunogen that shares partial sequence of msp1alpha variable region with the challenge strain. | twenty four hereford heifers free of anaplasmosis were allotted into three groups of eight animals each and inoculated three times with adjuvant in puck saline as control or 50 microg and 100 microg of total protein of anaplasma marginale initial bodies from three mexican strains which share the same variable region of msp1alpha and msp4. inoculation with the adjuvant or the immunogen at either of the two protein doses did not induce any undesirable changes attributable to inoculation in vaccina ... | 2007 | 17049686 |
| efficacy of enrofloxacin against severe experimental anaplasma marginale infections in splenectomized calves. | four anaplasma marginale-infected splenectomized calves with greater than 25% parasitized erythrocytes received enrofloxacin at 12.5 mg/kg sc twice, 48 hours apart. two infected splenectomized calves were designated as untreated controls. a precipitous decline in percent parasitized erythrocytes from 39.13% to less than 1% was observed over 12 days following treatment. however, a self-limiting recrudescence of a. marginale parasites was observed within 30 days after treatment. untreated control ... | 2006 | 17039454 |
| a canadian bison isolate of anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) is not transmissible by dermacentor andersoni (acari: ixodidae), whereas ticks from two canadian d. andersoni populations are competent vectors of a u.s. strain. | anaplasma marginale theiler is a tick-borne rickettsial pathogen of cattle with a global distribution in both temperate and tropical regions. the pathogen is endemic in regions within the united states, whereas the canadian cattle population is considered to be free ofa. marginale. farmed bison, bison bison l., in central saskatchewan have been found to be infected with a. marginale; however, there is no evidence of transmission from bison to cattle. we tested a saskatchewan bison isolate of a. ... | 2006 | 17017236 |
| comparative gene expression by wc1+ gammadelta and cd4+ alphabeta t lymphocytes, which respond to anaplasma marginale, demonstrates higher expression of chemokines and other myeloid cell-associated genes by wc1+ gammadelta t cells. | the functions of gammadelta t cells are enigmatic, and these cells are often considered as evolutionary remnants of well-characterized alphabeta t cells. however, their conservation throughout evolution suggests that gammadelta t cells are biologically unique. in ruminants, gammadelta t cells expressing the workshop cluster 1 (wc1) scavenger receptor comprise a large proportion of circulating lymphocytes, suggesting these cells are biologically relevant and functionally different from alphabeta ... | 2006 | 17005908 |
| rickettsial agents in egyptian ticks collected from domestic animals. | to assess the presence of rickettsial pathogens in ticks from egypt, we collected ticks from domestic and peridomestic animals between june 2002 and july 2003. dna extracts from 1019 ticks were tested, using pcr and sequencing, for anaplasma spp., bartonella spp., coxiella burnetii, ehrlichia spp., and rickettsia spp. ticks included: 29 argas persicus, 10 hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, 55 hyalomma anatolicum excavatum, 174 hyalomma dromedarii, 2 hyalomma impeltatum, 3 hyalomma marginatum rufipe ... | 2006 | 17004028 |
| prevalence of blood parasites in cattle from wilayates of annaba and el tarf east algeria. | between june and september 2002, a preliminary study was conducted to assess the prevalence of blood parasites of cattle in eastern algeria. fifty-four bovines of different genotypes were submitted to clinical examination. from each animal, blood smears were made and stained by giemsa. four species of parasites, namely theileria annulata, t. orientalis, babesia bovis and anaplasma marginale were encountered. fifty animals carried single or multiple infections with blood parasites and four were f ... | 2004 | 16929762 |
| quantitation of anaplasma marginale major surface protein (msp)1a and msp2 epitope-specific cd4+ t lymphocytes using bovine drb3*1101 and drb3*1201 tetramers. | antigen-specific cd4+ t cells play a critical role in protective immunity to many infectious pathogens. although the antigen-specific cd4+ t cells can be measured by functional assays such as proliferation or cytokine enzyme-linked immunospot, such assays are limited to a specific function and cannot quantify anergic or suppressed t cells. in contrast, major histocompatiblity complex (mhc) class ii tetramers can enumerate epitope-specific cd4+ t cells independent of function. in this paper, we r ... | 2006 | 16924490 |
| prevalence of antibodies to serotypes of bluetongue virus and anaplasma marginale in montana feeder cattle: 2002-2003. | in a serologic survey of montana-source weaned calves and yearling cattle, the apparent prevalence of antibodies to bluetongue virus was 0.68% and 1.26% in 2002 and 2003, respectively, and to anaplasma marginale at a positive cutoff at 30% inhibition it was 1.82% and 1.35% in 2002 and 2003, and at a positive cutoff at 42% inhibition it was 0.76% and 0.55% in 2002 and 2003, respectively, suggesting that the risk of importing infected animals was very low. | 2006 | 16898114 |
| genetic characterization of anaplasma ovis strains from bighorn sheep in montana. | wildlife reservoir species and genetic diversity of anaplasma ovis (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) have been poorly characterized. bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis), captured in montana from december 2004 to january 2005, were tested for antibodies to anaplasma spp.; the presence of a. ovis was determined by the characterization of major surface protein msp4 sequences. anaplasma antibodies were detected in 25/180 (14%) sampled bighorn sheep and a. ovis msp4 sequences were amplified by polymerase ... | 2006 | 16870861 |
| identification of a haemomycoplasma species in anemic reindeer (rangifer tarandus). | during an 18-mo period (may 2002-november 2003), 10 animals in a herd of 19 reindeer (rangifer tarandus) at the national animal disease center (nadc) experienced episodes of anemia. affected animals had histories of weight loss, unthriftiness, occasionally edema of dependent parts and moderate anemia characterized by microcytosis or macrocytosis, hypochromasia, schistocytosis, keratocytosis, acanthocytosis, and dacryocytosis. numerous basophilic punctate to ring-shaped bodies, measuring less tha ... | 2006 | 16870847 |
| reduction of tick infections with anaplasma marginale and a. phagocytophilum by targeting the tick protective antigen subolesin. | subolesin was recently shown by both gene silencing and immunization with the recombinant protein to protect against tick infestations, and to cause reduced tick survival and degeneration of gut and salivary gland tissues. in this research, we extended these studies by testing whether targeting subolesin by rnai or vaccination interfered with the ability of ticks to become infected with two tick-borne pathogens, anaplasma marginale which causes bovine anaplasmosis and anaplasma phagocytophilum, ... | 2006 | 16816958 |
| bmcystatin, a cysteine proteinase inhibitor characterized from the tick boophilus microplus. | the bovine tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is a blood-sucking animal, which is responsible for babesia spp and anaplasma marginale transmission for cattle. from a b. microplus fat body cdna library, 465 selected clones were sequenced randomly and resulted in 60 contigs. an open reading frame (orf) contains 98 amino acids named bmcystatin, due to 70% amino acid identity to a classical type 1 cystatin from ixodes scapularis tick (genbank accession no. ). the bmcystatin amino acid sequence ... | 2006 | 16806070 |
| effect of agro-ecological zone and grazing system on incidence of east coast fever in calves in mbale and sironko districts of eastern uganda. | between may 2002 and february 2003 a longitudinal survey was carried out in mbale and sironko districts of eastern uganda to determine the influence of agro-ecological zones (aez) and grazing systems on tick infestation patterns and incidence of east coast fever (ecf) in bovine calves. the study area was stratified into aez (lowland, midland and upland) and grazing systems {zero grazing (zg), restricted-outdoor grazing (rog) and communal grazing (cg)}, whose strata had previously been shown to i ... | 2006 | 16797092 |
| co-infection of white-tailed deer with multiple strains of ehrlichia chaffeensis. | we investigated the effect of exposing deer to multiple strains of ehrlichia chaffeensis that differed in number of tandem repeats in either the variable-length pcr target (vlpt) gene or 120 kda antigen gene. we hypothesized that infection with one strain would provide immunity to infection with other strains of e. chaffeensis. all deer initially exposed to strain a (604-2) became pcr and culture positive by 10 days post-infection (dpi). three deer infected with strain a and subsequently inocula ... | 2006 | 16796511 |
| analysis of the anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1 complex protein composition by tandem mass spectrometry. | the protective major surface protein 1 (msp1) complex of anaplasma marginale is a heteromer of msp1a and msp1b, encoded by a multigene family. the msp1beta sequences were highly conserved throughout infection. however, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis identified only a single msp1b protein, msp1b1, within the msp1 complex. | 2006 | 16788207 |
| immunogenicity of mycobacterium bovis bcg expressing anaplasma marginale msp1a antigen. | humoral and cellular immune responses of mice inoculated with recombinant mycobacterium bovis bcg expressing the msp1a antigen of anaplasma marginale were evaluated. the msp1a gene was amplified by pcr and cloned into the mycobacterial expression vectors pus2000 and pmip12. immunization of isogenic balb/c mice with the rbcg/pus2000-msp1a construct induced significant seroconversion to msp1a (p<0.001), which was 26 times above pre-immunization levels at day 63 post-initial immunization and which ... | 2006 | 16781025 |
| louse-borne bacterial pathogens in lice (phthiraptera) of rodents and cattle from egypt. | we collected 1,023 lice, representing 5 species, from rats and domestic cattle throughout 13 governorates in egypt and tested these lice for anaplasma marginale, bartonella spp., brucella spp., borrelia recurrentis, coxiella burnetii, francisella tularensis, and rickettsia spp. by pcr amplification and sequencing. five different louse-borne bacterial agents were detected in lice from rodents or cattle, including "bartonella rattimassiliensis", "b. phoceensis", and bartonella sp. near bartonella ... | 2006 | 16729688 |
| testicular degeneration and libido loss in beef bulls experimentally inoculated with anaplasma marginale. | four sexually mature virgin beef bulls were inoculated with whole blood from a known anaplasma marginale carrier. all four bulls became infected and experienced some degree of anemia and testicular degeneration, while uninoculated controls remained normal. testicular degeneration was confirmed by electron microscopy, histopathology, and semen evaluation. further observations established that the inoculated bulls exhibited a loss of libido, while controls reacted in a normal manner to a cow in es ... | 1979 | 16725412 |
| differential expression and sequence conservation of the anaplasma marginale msp2 gene superfamily outer membrane proteins. | bacterial pathogens in the genera anaplasma and ehrlichia encode a protein superfamily, pfam01617, which includes the predominant outer membrane proteins (omps) of each species, major surface protein 2 (msp2) and msp3 of anaplasma marginale and anaplasma ovis, anaplasma phagocytophilum msp2 (p44), ehrlichia chaffeensis p28-omp, ehrlichia canis p30, and ehrlichia ruminantium map1, and has been shown to be involved in both antigenic variation within the mammalian host and differential expression b ... | 2006 | 16714578 |
| flow cytometric evaluation of selected antimicrobial efficacy for clearance of anaplasma marginale in short-term erythrocyte cultures. | the tick-borne rickettsia, anaplasma marginale, causes the economically important cattle disease anaplasmosis. once infected, cattle remain lifelong carriers. herein, we used flow cytometry to test the efficacy of three antimicrobials; oxytetracycline, imidocarb and enrofloxacin against virginia (vgn) or oklahoma (ok) a. marginale isolates in short-term erythrocyte cultures. parasite viability was assessed using the vital dye hydroethidine (he), which is detectable when living organisms convert ... | 2006 | 16669861 |
| the impact of 2 dipping systems on endemic stability to bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis in cattle in 4 communally grazed areas in limpopo province, south africa. | a 12-month study was conducted in 4 communal grazing areas in the bushbuckridge region, limpopo province, south africa. the main objective was to investigate the impact of reduced acaricide application on endemic stability to bovine babesiosis (babesia bigemina and babesia bovis) and anaplasmosis (anaplasma marginale) in the local cattle population. to this end 60 cattle in each communal grazing area were bled at the beginning and the conclusion of the experimental period and their sera were ass ... | 2005 | 16642719 |
| detection of ehrlichia chaffeensis in brazilian marsh deer (blastocerus dichotomus). | ehrlichia chaffeensis was detected for the first time in blood samples from brazilian marsh deers (blastocerus dichotomus) captured in the marshes of parana river in southeast brazil in 1998. seven edta-blood samples from deers were analyzed by pcr and nested pcr for presence of ehrlichia chaffeensis, ehrlichia ewingii, ehrlichia canis, neoriickettsia risticii, anaplasma phagocytophilum and anaplasma marginale. three samples showed positive reactions for e. chaffeensis and anaplasma marginale. n ... | 2006 | 16621285 |
| seroprevalence estimation and risk factors for a. marginale on smallholder dairy farms in tanzania. | a cross-sectional serological survey of a. marginale was conducted on 200 randomly selected smallholder farms in each of the tanga and iringa regions of tanzania between january and april 1999. sera, from dairy cattle of all ages, sexes and breeds were tested for antibodies against a. marginale using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. antibodies to a. marginale were present in cattle throughout the study areas and the overall prevalence was 20% for tanga and 37% for iringa. the force ... | 2005 | 16619876 |
| distribution, seasonality, and hosts of the rocky mountain wood tick in the united states. | anaplasma marginale theiler is a tick-borne pathogen that causes anaplasmosis in cattle. there are approximately 20 tick species worldwide that are implicated as vectors of this pathogen. in the united states, dermacentor andersoni stiles and dermacentor variabilis (say) are the principal vectors. the risk of transmission of anaplasmosis to cattle has been largely based on the distribution of d. andersoni in the united states. we developed a centralized geographic database that incorporates coll ... | 2006 | 16506443 |
| sequencing a new target genome: the boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) genome project. | the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus (canestrini), causes annual economic losses in the hundreds of millions of dollars to cattle producers throughout the world, and ranks as the most economically important tick from a global perspective. control failures attributable to the development of pesticide resistance have become commonplace, and novel control technologies are needed. the availability of the genome sequence will facilitate the development of these new technologies, and we are p ... | 2006 | 16506442 |