Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| the rna-binding chaperone hfq is an important global regulator of gene expression in pasteurella multocida and plays a crucial role in production of a number of virulence factors, including hyaluronic acid capsule. | the gram-negative bacterium pasteurella multocida is the causative agent of a number of economically important animal diseases, including avian fowl cholera. numerous p. multocida virulence factors have been identified, including capsule, lipopolysaccharide (lps), and filamentous hemagglutinin, but little is known about how the expression of these virulence factors is regulated. hfq is an rna-binding protein that facilitates riboregulation via interaction with small noncoding rna (srna) molecule ... | 2016 | 26883595 |
| involvement of staphylococcus aureus and moraxella catarrhalis in japanese cedar pollinosis. | from mid february to the end of march, each year ∼30% of japanese have japanese cedar pollinosis. moreover, 10-50% of patients with this pollinosis exhibit nasal manifestations in the preseason. these patients have a predominance of neutrophils but not eosinophils in nasal swabs and high carriage of staphylococcus aureus. we hypothesized that s. aureus or other bacteria and associated neutrophilia were involved in preseasonal symptoms. | 2016 | 26877537 |
| complementary and alternative medicine treatment options for otitis media: a systematic review. | otitis media (om) has numerous presentations in children. together with conventional medical therapies aimed to prevent and/or treat om, a rising number of complementary and alternative medicine (cam) treatment options can be offered. since om is common in children, parents may ask healthcare professionals about possible cam therapies. many physicians feel that their knowledge is limited regarding these therapies, and that they desire some information. therefore, we conducted a literature review ... | 2016 | 26871802 |
| il-22 defect during streptococcus pneumoniae infection triggers exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is linked to episodes of exacerbations caused by bacterial infections due to streptococcus pneumoniae. our objective was to identify during copd, factors of susceptibility to bacterial infections among cytokine network and their role in copd exacerbations. s. pneumoniae was used to sub-lethally challenge mice chronically exposed to air or cigarette smoke (cs) and to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from non-smokers, s ... | 2015 | 26870795 |
| composition and dynamics of the respiratory tract microbiome in intubated patients. | lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) is a major contributor to respiratory failure requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation. lrti also occurs during mechanical ventilation, increasing the morbidity and mortality of intubated patients. we sought to understand the dynamics of respiratory tract microbiota following intubation and the relationship between microbial community structure and infection. | 2016 | 26865050 |
| clinical spectrum of primary ciliary dyskinesia in childhood. | although the triad of bronchiectasis, sinusitis and situs inversus was first described by kartagener in 1933, the clinical spectrum of primary ciliary dyskinesia is still under investigation. heterotaxy defects as well as upper and lower respiratory tract symptoms are the main manifestations in childhood. it is now recognized that situs inversus is encountered in only half of patients. the first lower respiratory symptoms may be present from infancy as neonatal respiratory distress. the most com ... | 2016 | 26862502 |
| clinical characteristics of the patients with bacteremia due to moraxella catarrhalis in children: a case-control study. | invasive diseases due to moraxella catarrhalis are rare in children, even in immunocompromised hosts. therefore, data regarding clinical characteristics and risk factors of such patients are limited. the aim of this study is to compare the clinical characteristics of patients with bacteremia due to moraxella catarrhalis against those with bacteremia due to streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. | 2015 | 26861621 |
| clinical characteristics of the patients with bacteremia due to moraxella catarrhalis in children: a case-control study. | invasive diseases due to moraxella catarrhalis are rare in children, even in immunocompromised hosts. therefore, data regarding clinical characteristics and risk factors of such patients are limited. the aim of this study is to compare the clinical characteristics of patients with bacteremia due to moraxella catarrhalis against those with bacteremia due to streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. | 2015 | 26861621 |
| synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of novel 4″-glycyl linked quinolyl-azithromycins with potent activity against macrolide-resistant pathogens. | a new azithromycin-based series of antibacterial macrolones is reported, which features the use of a 4″-ester linked glycin for tethering the quinolone side chain to the macrolide scaffold. among the analogs prepared, compounds 9e and 22f with a quinolon-6-yl moiety were found to have potent and well-balanced activity against clinically important respiratory tract pathogens, including erythromycin-susceptible and mlsb resistant strains of streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, and hae ... | 2016 | 26860929 |
| derivation and multicenter validation of the drug resistance in pneumonia clinical prediction score. | the health care-associated pneumonia (hcap) criteria have a limited ability to predict pneumonia caused by drug-resistant bacteria and favor the overutilization of broad-spectrum antibiotics. we aimed to derive and validate a clinical prediction score with an improved ability to predict the risk of pneumonia due to drug-resistant pathogens compared to that of hcap criteria. a derivation cohort of 200 microbiologically confirmed pneumonia cases in 2011 and 2012 was identified retrospectively. ris ... | 2016 | 26856838 |
| single lung transplantation in a patient with retrospective positive cross-match. | lung transplantation is a method useful in such non-malignant end-stage parenchymal and vascular diseases as: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), idiopathic interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, or primary pulmonary hypertension. the main aim of this procedure is to extend the patient's lifespan and quality of life. however, the availability of the operation is limited by organ access. in this paper we present the case of a 58-year-old female in the fourth stage of copd, wh ... | 2015 | 26855654 |
| the impact of exogenous factors on respiratory pathogen-induced innate alveolar macrophage responses in copd. | alveolar macrophages in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) have fundamentally impaired innate immune responses to toll-like receptor (tlr) ligands of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi). however, whether dysfunctional inflammatory responses in copd extend to macrophage interactions with intact respiratory pathogens beyond nthi has not been explored. furthermore, the influences of exogenous factors, including active smoking and medications, on pathogen-induced innate immune respon ... | 2016 | 26853802 |
| facility characteristics as independent prognostic factors of nursing home-acquired pneumonia. | recently, the incidence of nursing home-acquired pneumonia (nhap) has been increasing and is now the leading cause of death among nursing home residents. this study was performed to identify risk factors associated with nhap mortality, focusing on facility characteristics. | 2016 | 26837007 |
| diagnosis of upper and lower respiratory tract bacterial infections with the use of multiplex pcr assays. | the investigation of respiratory infections by molecular techniques provides important information about the epidemiology of respiratory disease, especially during the post-vaccination era. the objective of the present study was the detection of bacterial pathogens directly in clinical samples from patients with upper and lower respiratory tract infections using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays developed in our laboratory. clinical samples taken over a three-year period (2007-200 ... | 2013 | 26835676 |
| bacterial communities vary between sinuses in chronic rhinosinusitis patients. | chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) is a common and potentially debilitating disease characterized by inflammation of the sinus mucosa for longer than 12 weeks. bacterial colonization of the sinuses and its role in the pathogenesis of this disease is an ongoing area of research. recent advances in culture-independent molecular techniques for bacterial identification have the potential to provide a more accurate and complete assessment of the sinus microbiome, however there is little concordance in resu ... | 2015 | 26834708 |
| bacterial communities vary between sinuses in chronic rhinosinusitis patients. | chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) is a common and potentially debilitating disease characterized by inflammation of the sinus mucosa for longer than 12 weeks. bacterial colonization of the sinuses and its role in the pathogenesis of this disease is an ongoing area of research. recent advances in culture-independent molecular techniques for bacterial identification have the potential to provide a more accurate and complete assessment of the sinus microbiome, however there is little concordance in resu ... | 2015 | 26834708 |
| microbial yield from physiotherapy assisted sputum production in respiratory outpatients. | sputum is a key diagnostic sample for those with chronic chest conditions including chronic and allergic aspergillus-related disease, but often not obtained in clinic. the objective of this study was to evaluate physiotherapeutic interventions to obtain sputum from those not able to spontaneously produce and the subsequent microbiological result. | 2016 | 26831895 |
| a phase 1 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of das181 (fludase®) in adult subjects with well-controlled asthma. | influenza virus (ifv) infection is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in people with underlying lung disease. treatment options for ifv are currently limited and antiviral resistance is a growing concern. das181, an inhaled antiviral with a unique mechanism of action, has shown promise in early clinical trials involving generally healthy human subjects. this study was undertaken to assess the safety and tolerability of das181 in individuals with underlying reactive airway disease. | 2015 | 26830468 |
| a phase 1 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of das181 (fludase®) in adult subjects with well-controlled asthma. | influenza virus (ifv) infection is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in people with underlying lung disease. treatment options for ifv are currently limited and antiviral resistance is a growing concern. das181, an inhaled antiviral with a unique mechanism of action, has shown promise in early clinical trials involving generally healthy human subjects. this study was undertaken to assess the safety and tolerability of das181 in individuals with underlying reactive airway disease. | 2015 | 26830468 |
| development of a new real-time pcr system for simultaneous detection of bacteria and fungi in pathological samples. | a novel system for simultaneous detection of pathogenic bacteria and fungi in pathological samples was developed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) system. this system, designated the "multi-microbial real-time pcr", has the potential to simultaneously detect 68 bacterial and 9 fungal species in a 96-well plate format. all probe-primer sets were designed to produce amplicons smaller than 210 bp using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples as input. the specificity and sensitivit ... | 2015 | 26823918 |
| conserved patterns of microbial immune escape: pathogenic microbes of diverse origin target the human terminal complement inhibitor vitronectin via a single common motif. | pathogenicity of many microbes relies on their capacity to resist innate immunity, and to survive and persist in an immunocompetent human host microbes have developed highly efficient and sophisticated complement evasion strategies. here we show that different human pathogens including gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, as well as the fungal pathogen candida albicans, acquire the human terminal complement regulator vitronectin to their surface. by using truncated vitronectin fragments we ... | 2016 | 26808444 |
| a novel mechanism for the biogenesis of outer membrane vesicles in gram-negative bacteria. | bacterial outer membrane vesicles (omvs) have important biological roles in pathogenesis and intercellular interactions, but a general mechanism of omv formation is lacking. here we show that the vacj/yrb abc (atp-binding cassette) transport system, a proposed phospholipid transporter, is involved in omv formation. deletion or repression of vacj/yrb increases omv production in two distantly related gram-negative bacteria, haemophilus influenzae and vibrio cholerae. lipidome analyses demonstrate ... | 2016 | 26806181 |
| performances and reliability of bruker microflex lt and vitek ms maldi-tof mass spectrometry systems for the identification of clinical microorganisms. | in clinical microbiology laboratories, routine microbial identification is mostly performed using culture based methodologies requiring 24 to 72 hours from culturing to identification. matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) technology has been established as a cost effective, reliable, and faster alternative identification platform. in this study, we evaluated the reliability of the two available maldi-tof ms systems for their routine clinical ... | 2015 | 26793718 |
| pneumococcal colonization rates in patients admitted to a united kingdom hospital with lower respiratory tract infection: a prospective case-control study. | current diagnostic tests are ineffective for identifying the etiological pathogen in hospitalized adults with lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis). the association of pneumococcal colonization with disease has been suggested as a means to increase the diagnostic precision. we compared the pneumococcal colonization rates and the densities of nasal pneumococcal colonization by (i) classical culture and (ii) quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) targetinglytain patients with lrtis admitted to a h ... | 2016 | 26791364 |
| otitis media: a review, with a focus on alternative treatments. | otitis media (om) is the accumulation of fluids in the middle ear, with or without symptoms of inflammation. the infection is caused by dysfunction or obstruction of the eustachian tube and is most commonly diagnosed in children under the age of two. the microbiology of om differs, with streptococcus pneumoniae, non-typeable haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis the most commonly isolated pathogens. the emergence of penicillin-resistant strep. pneumoniae, β-lactamase-producing strains ... | 2009 | 26783131 |
| [bacterial pathogenic characteristics of respiratory tract infection in children in suzhou, china: an analysis of 14,994 cases]. | to investigate the bacterial pathogenic characteristics of respiratory tract infection in children. | 2016 | 26781412 |
| real-time detection of a virus using detection dogs. | viral infections are ubiquitous in humans, animals, and plants. real-time methods to identify viral infections are limited and do not exist for use in harsh or resource-constrained environments. previous research identified that tissues produce unique volatile organic compounds (voc) and demonstrated that voc concentrations change during pathologic states, including infection, neoplasia, or metabolic disease. patterns of voc expression may be pathogen specific and may be associated with an odor ... | 2015 | 26779494 |
| real-time detection of a virus using detection dogs. | viral infections are ubiquitous in humans, animals, and plants. real-time methods to identify viral infections are limited and do not exist for use in harsh or resource-constrained environments. previous research identified that tissues produce unique volatile organic compounds (voc) and demonstrated that voc concentrations change during pathologic states, including infection, neoplasia, or metabolic disease. patterns of voc expression may be pathogen specific and may be associated with an odor ... | 2015 | 26779494 |
| α/β coiled coils. | coiled coils are the best-understood protein fold, as their backbone structure can uniquely be described by parametric equations. this level of understanding has allowed their manipulation in unprecedented detail. they do not seem a likely source of surprises, yet we describe here the unexpected formation of a new type of fiber by the simple insertion of two or six residues into the underlying heptad repeat of a parallel, trimeric coiled coil. these insertions strain the supercoil to the breakin ... | 2016 | 26771248 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity and effect on biofilm production of a white grape juice (vitis vinifera) extract. | background. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of a white grape juice extract (wgje) against a range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, and the fungus aspergillus niger. wgje was also tested on the production of bacterial biofilms in vitro. results. wgje inhibited in vitro most gram-positive bacteria tested, staphylococcus aureus atcc 6538p being the most sensitive strain (mic values of 3.9 μg/ml). the effect was bactericidal at the concentrat ... | 2015 | 26770255 |
| staphylococcus epidermidis and biofilm-associated neutrophils in chronic rhinosinusitis. a pilot study. | a key role of bacterial biofilm in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) with (crswnp) and without nasal polyps (crssnp) is commonly accepted. however, the impact of some bacterial species isolated from inflamed sinus mucosa on biofilm formation is unclear. in particular, the role of staphylococcus epidermidis as aetiological agents of crs is controversial. moreover, the effect of biofilm formation on neutrophil infiltration and activity in crswnp calls for explanation. in this study, ... | 2015 | 26765504 |
| staphylococcus epidermidis and biofilm-associated neutrophils in chronic rhinosinusitis. a pilot study. | a key role of bacterial biofilm in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) with (crswnp) and without nasal polyps (crssnp) is commonly accepted. however, the impact of some bacterial species isolated from inflamed sinus mucosa on biofilm formation is unclear. in particular, the role of staphylococcus epidermidis as aetiological agents of crs is controversial. moreover, the effect of biofilm formation on neutrophil infiltration and activity in crswnp calls for explanation. in this study, ... | 2015 | 26765504 |
| depletion of human dna in spiked clinical specimens for improvement of sensitivity of pathogen detection by next-generation sequencing. | next-generation sequencing (ngs) technology has shown promise for the detection of human pathogens from clinical samples. however, one of the major obstacles to the use of ngs in diagnostic microbiology is the low ratio of pathogen dna to human dna in most clinical specimens. in this study, we aimed to develop a specimen-processing protocol to remove human dna and enrich specimens for bacterial and viral dna for shotgun metagenomic sequencing. cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and nasopharyngeal aspirat ... | 2016 | 26763966 |
| streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation in children and adolescents with asthma: impact of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and evaluation of potential effect of thirteen-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. | the main aim of this study was to evaluate streptococcus pneumoniae carriage in a group of school-aged children and adolescents with asthma because these results might indicate the theoretical risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (ipd) of such patients and the potential protective efficacy of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv13). | 2015 | 26753924 |
| streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation in children and adolescents with asthma: impact of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and evaluation of potential effect of thirteen-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. | the main aim of this study was to evaluate streptococcus pneumoniae carriage in a group of school-aged children and adolescents with asthma because these results might indicate the theoretical risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (ipd) of such patients and the potential protective efficacy of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv13). | 2015 | 26753924 |
| [middle ear infection]. | middle ear infection is one of the most common childhood infections and the leading reason for antibiotic prescriptions. although the etiological diagnosis is rarely discovered, successful identification of pathogens depends on properly collected sample, chosen method and microbiological analysis made on time. the most common bacterial pathogen is streptococcus pneumoniae. others include haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and pseudomonas aeruginosa, known as the most common bacterial ... | 2016 | 26749955 |
| comprehensive molecular testing for respiratory pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia. | the frequent lack of a microbiological diagnosis in community-acquired pneumonia (cap) impairs pathogen-directed antimicrobial therapy. this study assessed the use of comprehensive multibacterial, multiviral molecular testing, including quantification, in adults hospitalized with cap. | 2016 | 26747825 |
| clinical features of children hospitalized with influenza a and b infections during the 2012-2013 influenza season in italy. | influenza is a major public health issue worldwide. it is characterized by episodes of infection that involve hundreds of millions of people each year. since that in the seasons 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 the circulation of flub was decreasing we evaluated the clinical presentation, demographic characteristics, admitting department, and length of stay in children who contracted influenza admitted to bambino gesù children's hospital, during the 2012-2013 influenza season, with the aim to establish i ... | 2015 | 26743673 |
| clinical features of children hospitalized with influenza a and b infections during the 2012-2013 influenza season in italy. | influenza is a major public health issue worldwide. it is characterized by episodes of infection that involve hundreds of millions of people each year. since that in the seasons 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 the circulation of flub was decreasing we evaluated the clinical presentation, demographic characteristics, admitting department, and length of stay in children who contracted influenza admitted to bambino gesù children's hospital, during the 2012-2013 influenza season, with the aim to establish i ... | 2015 | 26743673 |
| [a multicenter study of the antimicrobial susceptibility of streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis from community acquired infections in saitama, japan]. | we examined regional surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility of community acquired bacterial pathogens from patients in saitama, japan. the fourth-year survey was conducted in three of the period 2007-2010 (period i, 2007-2008; period ii, 2008-2009; period iii, 2009-2010). antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted at the central reference laboratory according to the method recommended by japanese society of chemotherapy using maximum 13 antibacterial agents. susceptibility testing ... | 2015 | 26742285 |
| the effects of live attenuated influenza vaccine on nasopharyngeal bacteria in healthy 2 to 4 year olds. a randomized controlled trial. | viral infections of the upper respiratory tract may influence the commensal nasopharyngeal bacteria. changes in the bacterial niche could affect transmission dynamics. attenuated vaccine viruses can be used to investigate this empirically in humans. | 2016 | 26742001 |
| evaluation of the filmarray blood culture identification panel: results of a multicenter controlled trial. | sepsis is a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and increased medical expense. rapid diagnosis improves outcomes and reduces costs. the filmarray blood culture identification panel (biofire diagnostics llc, salt lake city, ut), a highly multiplexed pcr assay, can identify 24 etiologic agents of sepsis (8 gram-positive, 11 gram-negative, and 5 yeast species) and three antimicrobial resistance genes (meca, vana/b, and blakpc) from positive blood culture bottles. it provides results in about 1 h w ... | 2016 | 26739158 |
| abundant intergenic taactga direct repeats and putative alternate rna polymerase β' subunits in marine beggiatoaceae genomes: possible regulatory roles and origins. | the genome sequences of several giant marine sulfur-oxidizing bacteria present evidence of a possible post-transcriptional regulatory network that may have been transmitted to or from two distantly related bacteria lineages. the draft genome of a cand. "maribeggiatoa" filament from the guaymas basin (gulf of california, mexico) seafloor contains 169 sets of taactga direct repeats and one indirect repeat, with two to six copies per set. related heptamers are rarely or never found as direct repeat ... | 2015 | 26733950 |
| osteopontin that is elevated in the airways during copd impairs the antibacterial activity of common innate antibiotics. | bacterial infections of the respiratory tract contribute to exacerbations and disease progression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). there is also an increased risk of invasive pneumococcal disease in copd. the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood but include impaired mucociliary clearance and structural remodeling of the airways. in addition, antimicrobial proteins that are constitutively expressed or induced during inflammatory conditions are an important part of the ai ... | 2016 | 26731746 |
| in vitro activity of gepotidacin, a novel triazaacenaphthylene bacterial topoisomerase inhibitor, against a broad spectrum of bacterial pathogens. | gepotidacin inhibits bacterial dna replication through a mode different from that of fluoroquinolones. gepotidacin and comparators were tested by broth and agar dilution against clinical isolates. the in vitro activities of gepotidacin were comparable against methicillin-susceptible and -resistant staphylococcus aureus (mssa and mrsa, respectively) isolates (mic90, 0.5 μg/ml). the gepotidacin mic90s were as follows (in micrograms per milliliter) for the indicated bacteria: streptococcus pyogenes ... | 2016 | 26729499 |
| antibacterial effects of alchornea cordifolia (schumach. and thonn.) müll. arg extracts and compounds on gastrointestinal, skin, respiratory and urinary tract pathogens. | the leaves, stems and roots of alchornea cordifolia (schumach. and thonn.) müll. arg. are used as traditional medicine in many african countries for the management of gastrointestinal, respiratory and urinary tract infections as well as for the treatment of wounds. | 2016 | 26724423 |
| [analysis on clinical and epidemioloical characteristics of measles in hospitalized children in shanghai in 2012]. | to investigate the main factors that influence measles morbidity and the genotype of measles virus, so as to provide evidence for scientific decision making to further control the prevalence of measles. | 2015 | 26717659 |
| detection of bacteria in middle ear effusions based on the presence of allergy: does allergy augment bacterial infection in the middle ear? | bacterial infection, eustachian tube dysfunction, allergies, and immunologic factors are major causes of otitis media with effusion (ome). however, the exact pathogenesis of ome is still unclear. this study evaluated whether allergy influences bacterial growth in middle ear effusions. | 2015 | 26714647 |
| moraxella catarrhalis evades host innate immunity via targeting cartilage oligomeric matrix protein. | moraxella catarrhalis is a respiratory tract pathogen commonly causing otitis media in children and acute exacerbations in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (comp) functions as a structural component in cartilage, as well as a regulator of complement activity. importantly, comp is detected in resident macrophages and monocytes, alveolar fluid, and the endothelium of blood vessels in lung tissue. we show that the majority of clinica ... | 2016 | 26712944 |
| polymicrobial intensive care unit-acquired pneumonia: prevalence, microbiology and outcome. | microbial aetiology of intensive care unit (icu)-acquired pneumonia (icuap) determines antibiotic treatment and outcomes. the impact of polymicrobial icuap is not extensively known. we therefore investigated the characteristics and outcomes of polymicrobial aetiology of icuap. | 2015 | 26703094 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis infection induces hdac1-mediated suppression of il-12b gene expression in macrophages. | downregulation of host gene expression is one of the many strategies employed by intracellular pathogens such as mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) to survive inside the macrophages and cause disease. the underlying molecular mechanism behind the downregulation of host defense gene expression is largely unknown. in this study we explored the role of histone deacetylation in macrophages in response to infection by virulent mtb h37rv in manipulating host gene expression. we show a significant increa ... | 2015 | 26697414 |
| lifespan of restriction-modification systems critically affects avoidance of their recognition sites in host genomes. | avoidance of palindromic recognition sites of type ii restriction-modification (r-m) systems was shown for many r-m systems in dozens of prokaryotic genomes. however the phenomenon has not been investigated systematically for all presently available genomes and annotated r-m systems. we have studied all known recognition sites in thousands of prokaryotic genomes and found factors that influence their avoidance. | 2015 | 26689194 |
| hepatocytes: a key cell type for innate immunity. | hepatocytes, the major parenchymal cells in the liver, play pivotal roles in metabolism, detoxification, and protein synthesis. hepatocytes also activate innate immunity against invading microorganisms by secreting innate immunity proteins. these proteins include bactericidal proteins that directly kill bacteria, opsonins that assist in the phagocytosis of foreign bacteria, iron-sequestering proteins that block iron uptake by bacteria, several soluble factors that regulate lipopolysaccharide sig ... | 2015 | 26685902 |
| hepatocytes: a key cell type for innate immunity. | hepatocytes, the major parenchymal cells in the liver, play pivotal roles in metabolism, detoxification, and protein synthesis. hepatocytes also activate innate immunity against invading microorganisms by secreting innate immunity proteins. these proteins include bactericidal proteins that directly kill bacteria, opsonins that assist in the phagocytosis of foreign bacteria, iron-sequestering proteins that block iron uptake by bacteria, several soluble factors that regulate lipopolysaccharide sig ... | 2015 | 26685902 |
| mannose-binding lectin protein and its association to clinical outcomes in copd: a longitudinal study. | functional deficiency of mannose-binding lectin (mbl) may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. we hypothesized that specific mbl2 gene polymorphisms and circulating mbl protein levels are associated with clinically relevant outcomes in the predicting outcome using systemic markers in severe exacerbations of copd promise-copd cohort. | 2015 | 26684757 |
| detection of antimicrobial activity of banana peel (musa paradisiaca l.) on porphyromonas gingivalis and aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: an in vitro study. | banana is used widely because of its nutritional values. in past, there are studies that show banana plant parts, and their fruits can be used to treat the human diseases. banana peel is a part of banana fruit that also has the antibacterial activity against microorganisms but has not been studied extensively. since, there are no studies that relate the antibacterial activity of banana peel against periodontal pathogens. hence, the aim of this study is to determine the antimicrobial activity of ... | 2015 | 26681854 |
| continued high incidence of children with severe influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 admitted to paediatric intensive care units in germany during the first three post-pandemic influenza seasons, 2010/11-2012/13. | previous influenza surveillance at paediatric intensive care units (picus) in germany indicated increased incidence of picu admissions for the pandemic influenza subtype a(h1n1)pdm09. we investigated incidence and clinical characteristics of influenza in children admitted to picus during the first three post-pandemic influenza seasons, using active screening. | 2015 | 26678835 |
| nasopharyngeal carriage of streptococcus pneumoniae and other bacteria in the 7th year after implementation of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the netherlands. | after introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7) in the infant national immunization program (nip) in the netherlands in 2006, streptococcus pneumoniae strains of the non-vaccine serotype 19a emerged and became the dominant serotype in carriage in children and their parents. similar patterns were observed in other european countries and the united states. increases in carriage rates of staphylococcus aureus and non-typeable (nt) haemophilus influenzae were also observed. ... | 2016 | 26667610 |
| bacterial flora in the sputum and comorbidity in patients with acute exacerbations of copd. | to determine in patients admitted with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ae-copd) the association between the isolation of potential pathogens in a conventional sputum culture and comorbidities. | 2015 | 26664106 |
| distribution of pathogens causing nosocomial infection in patients with bronchial asthma. | this study aimed to analyze nosocomial respiratory infection (nri) in patients with bronchial asthma. among the clinical data of 575 asthmatic patients that was collected and analyzed, 52 were diagnosed with nri. the most common gram-positive bacterial species was streptococcus pneumoniae, which was detected in 8 patients, whereas the predominant gram-negative bacteria included haemophilus influenzae (11 patients), moraxella catarrhalis (8 patients), and escherichia coli (7 patients). the simult ... | 2015 | 26662406 |
| urethritis-associated pathogens in urine from men with non-gonococcal urethritis: a case-control study. | the aetiology of non-gonococcal urethritis (ngu) remains unexplained in 30-40% of patients. urine samples from men attending swedish sexually transmitted disease clinics were examined by species-specific quantitative pcrs for chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma genitalium, trichomonas vaginalis, ureaplasma urealyticum, u. parvum, adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, neisseria meningitidis, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and streptococcus pneumoniae. a total of 187 men with acute ngu (s ... | 2016 | 26658669 |
| chronic rhinosinusitis pathogenesis. | there are a variety of medical conditions associated with chronic sinonasal inflammation, including chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) and cystic fibrosis. in particular, crs can be divided into 2 major subgroups based on whether nasal polyps are present or absent. unfortunately, clinical treatment strategies for patients with chronic sinonasal inflammation are limited, in part because the underlying mechanisms contributing to disease pathology are heterogeneous and not entirely known. it is hypothesi ... | 2015 | 26654193 |
| frequency of bacterial agents isolated from patients with chronic sinusitis in northern iran. | sinusitis is a disease with significant health problems. diagnosis of sinusitis is clinical. the golden standard for detection of microorganisms that cause sinusitis is the culture of sinus drainage discharge. | 2015 | 26652093 |
| frequency of bacterial agents isolated from patients with chronic sinusitis in northern iran. | sinusitis is a disease with significant health problems. diagnosis of sinusitis is clinical. the golden standard for detection of microorganisms that cause sinusitis is the culture of sinus drainage discharge. | 2015 | 26652093 |
| haemophilus influenzae induces steroid-resistant inflammatory responses in copd. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is an inflammatory disorder partially resistant to glucocorticoids. a reduced histone deacetylase (hdac) activity has been proposed to explain this resistance. haemophilus influenzae frequently colonizes the airways of copd patients, where it enhances inflammation. the effects of haemophilus influenzae on hdac activity have not been investigated before. | 2015 | 26642881 |
| functional metagenomics of the bronchial microbiome in copd. | the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is frequently aggravated by exacerbations, and changes in the composition and activity of the microbiome may be implicated in their appearance. the aim of this study was to analyse the composition and the gene content of the microbial community in bronchial secretions of copd patients in both stability and exacerbation. taxonomic data were obtained by 16s rrna gene amplification and pyrosequencing, and metabolic information through shotg ... | 2015 | 26632844 |
| putative invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a matched cohort study. | patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) are at risk for developing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. a clinical algorithm has been validated to discriminate colonization from putative invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (pipa) in aspergillus-positive respiratory tract cultures of critically ill patients. we focused on critically ill patients with copd who met the criteria for pipa. | 2015 | 26631029 |
| individuality, phenotypic differentiation, dormancy and 'persistence' in culturable bacterial systems: commonalities shared by environmental, laboratory, and clinical microbiology. | for bacteria, replication mainly involves growth by binary fission. however, in a very great many natural environments there are examples of phenotypically dormant, non-growing cells that do not replicate immediately and that are phenotypically 'nonculturable' on media that normally admit their growth. they thereby evade detection by conventional culture-based methods. such dormant cells may also be observed in laboratory cultures and in clinical microbiology. they are usually more tolerant to s ... | 2015 | 26629334 |
| sodium houttuyfonate inhibits biofilm formation and alginate biosynthesis-associated gene expression in a clinical strain of pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro. | the increasing multidrug resistance of pseudomonas aeruginosa has become a serious public-health problem. in the present study, the inhibitory activities of sodium houttuyfonate (sh) against biofilm formation and alginate production in a clinical strain of p.aeruginosa (ah16) were investigated in vitro using crystal violet dying and standard curve methods, respectively. the cellular morphology of p. aeruginosa treated with sh was observed using a scanning electron microscope. furthermore, revers ... | 2015 | 26622388 |
| parental views on acute otitis media (aom) and its therapy in children--results of an exploratory survey in german childcare facilities. | acute otitis media (aom) is one of the main reasons for medical consultation and antibiotic use during childhood. although 80% of aom cases are self-limiting, antibiotic prescription is still high, either for physician- or for parent-related factors. this study aims to identify parental knowledge about, beliefs and attitudes towards, and experiences with aom and its therapy and thus to gain insights into parents' perspectives within the german health care system. | 2015 | 26620979 |
| effects of rhinovirus infection on nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization in infants with wild or variant types of mannose-binding lectin and toll-like receptors 3 and 4. | development of respiratory tract infections is determined by interactions between viruses, bacteria, and the host innate immune response. we investigated the impact of natural rhinovirus infection on nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization in infants with or without gene polymorphisms of mannose-binding lectin (mbl) and toll-like receptors (tlrs) 3 and 4. | 2013 | 26619478 |
| a new model for non-typeable haemophilus influenzae middle ear infection in the junbo mutant mouse. | acute otitis media, inflammation of the middle ear, is the most common bacterial infection in children and, as a consequence, is the most common reason for antimicrobial prescription to this age group. there is currently no effective vaccine for the principal pathogen involved, non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi). the most frequently used and widely accepted experimental animal model of middle ear infection is in chinchillas, but mice and gerbils have also been used. we have established a ... | 2016 | 26611891 |
| full genomic characterization of a saffold virus isolated in peru. | while studying respiratory infections of unknown etiology we detected saffold virus in an oropharyngeal swab collected from a two-year-old female suffering from diarrhea and respiratory illness. the full viral genome recovered by deep sequencing showed 98% identity to a previously described saffold strain isolated in japan. phylogenetic analysis confirmed the peruvian saffold strain belongs to genotype 3 and is most closely related to strains that have circulated in asia. this is the first docum ... | 2015 | 26610576 |
| spectrophotometric investigations of macrolide antibiotics: a brief review. | macrolides, one of the most commonly used class of antibiotics, are a group of drugs produced by streptomyces species. they belong to the polyketide class of natural products. their activity is due to the presence of a large macrolide lactone ring with deoxy sugar moieties. they are protein synthesis inhibitors and broad-spectrum antibiotics, active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. different analytical techniques have been reported for the determination of macrolides such a ... | 2015 | 26609215 |
| periodontal status and oral health behavior in hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | we evaluated the periodontal health status and oral health behavior among hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) to assess the association of copd with dental health. | 2015 | 26604629 |
| the vaccine candidate substrate binding protein sbp2 plays a key role in arginine uptake, which is required for growth of moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis is an exclusively human pathogen that is an important cause of otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. a vaccine to prevent m. catarrhalis infections would have an enormous global impact in reducing morbidity resulting from these infections. substrate binding protein 2 (sbp2) of an abc transporter system has recently been identified as a promising vaccine candidate antigen on the bacterial surface ... | 2016 | 26597985 |
| the sputum microbiome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. | acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) are thought to be associated with--and perhaps to mediate--accelerated loss of lung function in copd. although the application of culture-independent methods for detection of bacteria have shown copd to be associated with marked differences in the burden, diversity, and composition of the bronchial bacterial microbiome, few studies have examined the changes associated with community-acquired exacerbations of the disease. in a lo ... | 2015 | 26595736 |
| immune dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a complex chronic disease. chronic inflammation is the hallmark of copd, involving the interplay of a wide variety of cells in the lung microenvironment. cigarette smoke (cs) induces chronic lung inflammation and is considered a key etiological factor in the development and pathogenesis of copd. structural and inflammatory cells in the lung respond to cs exposure by releasing proinflammatory mediators that recruit additional inflammatory immune cel ... | 2015 | 26595735 |
| biofilm models of polymicrobial infection. | interactions between microbes are complex and play an important role in the pathogenesis of infections. these interactions can range from fierce competition for nutrients and niches to highly evolved cooperative mechanisms between different species that support their mutual growth. an increasing appreciation for these interactions, and desire to uncover the mechanisms that govern them, has resulted in a shift from monomicrobial to polymicrobial biofilm studies in different disease models. here w ... | 2015 | 26592098 |
| lung disease and hypertension. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) patients are at a high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. airflow limitation is a predictor of future risks of hypertension and cardiovascular events. copd is now understood as a systemic inflammatory disease, with the focus on inflammation of the lungs. an association between inflammation and sympathetic overactivity has also been reported. in this article, we review the association between chronic lung disease and the risks of hypertension, ... | 2014 | 26587450 |
| lung disease and hypertension. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) patients are at a high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. airflow limitation is a predictor of future risks of hypertension and cardiovascular events. copd is now understood as a systemic inflammatory disease, with the focus on inflammation of the lungs. an association between inflammation and sympathetic overactivity has also been reported. in this article, we review the association between chronic lung disease and the risks of hypertension, ... | 2014 | 26587450 |
| antibiotic drugs targeting bacterial rnas. | rnas have diverse structures that include bulges and internal loops able to form tertiary contacts or serve as ligand binding sites. the recent increase in structural and functional information related to rnas has put them in the limelight as a drug target for small molecule therapy. in addition, the recognition of the marked difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic rrna has led to the development of antibiotics that specifically target bacterial rrna, reduce protein translation and thereby ... | 2014 | 26579393 |
| 1,2,3-triazole pharmacophore-based benzofused nitrogen/sulfur heterocycles with potential anti-moraxella catarrhalis activity. | versatile 1,2,3-triazole pharmacophore-based benzofused heterocycles containing halogen-substituted aromatic (9-17 and 25-28), 7-substituted coumarin (18-23 and 29-30) or penciclovir-like subunit (31a,b-38a) were designed and synthesized to evaluate their antibacterial activities against selected gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. hybridization approach using environmentally friendly cu(i)-catalyzed click reaction under microwave irradiation was adopted in the synthesis of regioselective ... | 2015 | 26578325 |
| synergy and mode of action of ceftazidime plus quercetin or luteolin on streptococcus pyogenes. | streptococcus pyogenes causes streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. the recommended therapy has been often failure through the interfering of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria (blpb). the present study was to investigate antibacterial activity, synergy, and modes of action of luteolin and quercetin using alone and plus ceftazidime against s. pyogenes. the mics of ceftazidime, luteolin, and quercetin against all s. pyogenes were 0.50, 128, and 128 µg ml(-1), respectively. a synergistic effect was e ... | 2015 | 26576195 |
| viral infection in adults with severe acute respiratory infection in colombia. | to identify the viral aetiology in adult patients with severe acute respiratory infection (sari) admitted to sentinel surveillance institutions in bogotá in 2012. | 2015 | 26576054 |
| early administration of azithromycin and prevention of severe lower respiratory tract illnesses in preschool children with a history of such illnesses: a randomized clinical trial. | many preschool children develop recurrent, severe episodes of lower respiratory tract illness (lrti). although viral infections are often present, bacteria may also contribute to illness pathogenesis. strategies that effectively attenuate such episodes are needed. | 2015 | 26575060 |
| prevalence and molecular characterizations of enterovirus d68 among children with acute respiratory infection in china between 2012 and 2014. | ev-d68 is associated with respiratory tract infections (rtis). since its first isolation, ev-d68 has been detected sporadically. however, the us and canada have experienced outbreaks of ev-d68 infections between august and december 2014. this study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology and clinical characteristics of ev-d68 in chongqing, southwestern china. from january 2012 to november 2014, 1876 nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens (npas) were collected from hospitalized children with r ... | 2015 | 26568267 |
| vaccine targets against moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis is a prominent pathogen that causes acute otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infections in adults, resulting in a significant socioeconomic burden on healthcare systems globally. no vaccine is currently available for m. catarrhalis. promising m. catarrhalis target antigens have been characterized in animal models and should soon enter human clinical trials. | 2015 | 26565427 |
| vaccine targets against moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis is a prominent pathogen that causes acute otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infections in adults, resulting in a significant socioeconomic burden on healthcare systems globally. no vaccine is currently available for m. catarrhalis. promising m. catarrhalis target antigens have been characterized in animal models and should soon enter human clinical trials. | 2015 | 26565427 |
| exploring the origins of asthma: lessons from twin studies. | this thesis explores the contribution of twin studies, particularly those studies originating from the danish twin registry, to the understanding of the aetiology of asthma. first, it is explored how twin studies have established the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the variation in the susceptibility to asthma, and to the variation in several aspects of the clinical expression of the disease such as its age at onset, its symptomatology, its intermediate phenotypes, and its r ... | 2014 | 26557247 |
| fine particulate matter in acute exacerbation of copd. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a common airway disorder. in particular, acute exacerbations of copd (aecopd) can significantly reduce pulmonary function. the majority of aecopd episodes are attributed to infections, although environmental stress also plays a role. increasing urbanization and associated air pollution, especially in developing countries, have been shown to contribute to copd pathogenesis. elevated levels of particulate matter (pm) in polluted air are strongly corr ... | 2015 | 26557095 |
| the nutraceutical properties of ovotransferrin and its potential utilization as a functional food. | ovotransferrin or conalbumin belong to the transferrin protein family and is endowed with both iron-transfer and protective activities. in addition to its well-known antibacterial properties, ovotransferrin displays other protective roles similar to those already ascertained for the homologous mammalian lactoferrin. these additional functions, in many cases not directly related to iron binding, are also displayed by the peptides derived from partial hydrolysis of ovotransferrin, suggesting a dir ... | 2015 | 26556366 |
| novel applications of statins for bone regeneration. | the use of statins for bone regeneration is a promising and growing area of research. statins, originally developed to treat high cholesterol, are inhibitors of the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl, the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway. because the mevalonate pathway is responsible for the synthesis of a wide variety of important biochemical molecules, including cholesterol and other isoprenoids, the effects of statins are pleiotropic. in particular, statins can greatly affect the ... | 2014 | 26543666 |
| novel applications of statins for bone regeneration. | the use of statins for bone regeneration is a promising and growing area of research. statins, originally developed to treat high cholesterol, are inhibitors of the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl, the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway. because the mevalonate pathway is responsible for the synthesis of a wide variety of important biochemical molecules, including cholesterol and other isoprenoids, the effects of statins are pleiotropic. in particular, statins can greatly affect the ... | 2014 | 26543666 |
| zabofloxacin versus moxifloxacin in patients with copd exacerbation: a multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, controlled, phase iii, non-inferiority trial. | a new quinolone, zabofloxacin, has now been developed; hence, a non-inferiority trial is needed to compare this new compound with another widely used quinolone to examine its efficacy and safety for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) exacerbations. this was a prospective, multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, controlled, parallel-group, phase iii, non-inferiority clinical trial designed to compare oral zabofloxacin (367 mg once daily for 5 days) with mox ... | 2015 | 26543359 |
| next generation protein based streptococcus pneumoniae vaccines. | all currently available streptococcus pneumoniae (spn) vaccines have limitations due to their capsular serotype composition. both the 23-valent spn polysaccharide vaccine (ppv) and 7, 10, or 13-valent spn conjugate vaccines (pcv-7, 10, -13) are serotype-based vaccines and therefore they elicit only serotype-specific immunity. emergence of replacement spn strains expressing other serotypes has consistently occurred following introduction of capsular serotype based spn vaccines. furthermore, capsu ... | 2015 | 26539741 |
| next generation protein based streptococcus pneumoniae vaccines. | all currently available streptococcus pneumoniae (spn) vaccines have limitations due to their capsular serotype composition. both the 23-valent spn polysaccharide vaccine (ppv) and 7, 10, or 13-valent spn conjugate vaccines (pcv-7, 10, -13) are serotype-based vaccines and therefore they elicit only serotype-specific immunity. emergence of replacement spn strains expressing other serotypes has consistently occurred following introduction of capsular serotype based spn vaccines. furthermore, capsu ... | 2015 | 26539741 |
| moraxella catarrhalis-produced nitric oxide has dual roles in pathogenicity and clearance of infection in bacterial-host cell co-cultures. | in humans, the free radical nitric oxide (no) is a concentration-dependent multifunctional signaling or toxic molecule that modulates various physiological and pathological processes, and innate immunity against bacterial infections. because the expression of bacterial genes encoding nitrite reductase (ania) and no reductase (norb) is highly upregulated in biofilms in vitro, it is important to investigate whether bacterial no-metabolism might subvert host no signaling and play pathogenic roles d ... | 2015 | 26537639 |
| multicenter evaluation of the bruker maldi biotyper ca system for the identification of clinical aerobic gram-negative bacterial isolates. | the prompt and accurate identification of bacterial pathogens is fundamental to patient health and outcome. recent advances in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) have revolutionized bacterial identification in the clinical laboratory, but uniform incorporation of this technology in the u.s. market has been delayed by a lack of fda-cleared systems. in this study, we conducted a multicenter evaluation of the maldi biotyper ca (mbt-ca) system ... | 2015 | 26529504 |
| fine mapping of the interaction between c4b-binding protein and outer membrane proteins liga and ligb of pathogenic leptospira interrogans. | the complement system consists of more than 40 proteins that participate in the inflammatory response and in pathogen killing. complement inhibitors are necessary to avoid the excessive consumption and activation of this system on host cells. leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by spirochetes from the genus leptospira. pathogenic leptospires are able to escape from complement activation by binding to host complement inhibitors factor h [fh] and c4b-binding protein (c4bp) while non-patho ... | 2015 | 26517116 |