Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| evaluation of a sumo e2 conjugating enzyme involved in resistance to clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in solanum peruvianum, through a tomato mottle virus vigs assay. | clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (cmm) causes bacterial wilt and canker of tomato. currently, no solanum lycopersicum resistant varieties are commercially available, but some degree of cmm resistance has been identified in solanum peruvianum. previous research showed up-regulation of a sumo e2 conjugating enzyme (scei) transcript in s. peruvianum compared to s. lycopersicum following infection with cmm. in order to test the role of scei in resistance to cmm, a fragment of scei from ... | 2015 | 26734014 |
| engineering bacterial surface displayed human norovirus capsid proteins: a novel system to explore interaction between norovirus and ligands. | human noroviruses (hunovs) are major contributors to acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis outbreaks. many aspects of hunovs are poorly understood due to both the current inability to culture hunovs, and the lack of efficient small animal models. surrogates for hunovs, such as recombinant viral like particles (vlps) expressed in eukaryotic system or p particles expressed in prokaryotic system, have been used for studies in immunology and interaction between the virus and its receptors. however, it ... | 2015 | 26733983 |
| gene expression profiling in viable but nonculturable (vbnc) cells of pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. | pseudomonas syringae infects diverse crop plants and comprises at least 50 different pathovar strains with different host ranges. more information on the physiological and molecular effects of the host inhibitory environment on the pathogen is needed to develop resistant cultivars. recently, we reported an in vitro model system that mimics the redox pulse associated with the oxidative burst in plant cells inoculated with pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. using this system, we demonstrated that ... | 2015 | 26733964 |
| abundant intergenic taactga direct repeats and putative alternate rna polymerase β' subunits in marine beggiatoaceae genomes: possible regulatory roles and origins. | the genome sequences of several giant marine sulfur-oxidizing bacteria present evidence of a possible post-transcriptional regulatory network that may have been transmitted to or from two distantly related bacteria lineages. the draft genome of a cand. "maribeggiatoa" filament from the guaymas basin (gulf of california, mexico) seafloor contains 169 sets of taactga direct repeats and one indirect repeat, with two to six copies per set. related heptamers are rarely or never found as direct repeat ... | 2015 | 26733950 |
| selenite protection of tellurite toxicity toward escherichia coli. | in this work the influence of selenite on metal resistance in escherichia coli was examined. both synergistic and antagonistic resistance and toxicities were found upon co exposure with selenite. in wild type cells co-exposure to selenite had little effect on arsenic resistance, decreased resistance to cadmium and mercury but led to a dramatically increased resistance to tellurite of 32-fold. due to the potential importance of thiol chemistry in metal biochemistry, deletion strains in γ-glutamyl ... | 2015 | 26732755 |
| effect of site-directed mutagenesis at the ggeef domain of the biofilm forming ggeef protein from vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae, the cause of seven noted pandemics, leads a dual lifecycle-one in the human host in its virulent form, and the other as a sessile, non-virulent bacterium in aquatic bodies in surface biofilms. surface biofilms have been attributed to be associated with a ubiquitous protein domain present in all branches of bacteria, known as the ggd(/e)ef domain. while the diguanlyate cyclase activities of these proteins are universally established, the role of these proteins as diguanlyate-spec ... | 2016 | 26728467 |
| the dsf type quorum sensing signalling system rpff/r regulates diverse phenotypes in the opportunistic pathogen cronobacter. | several bacterial pathogens produce diffusible signal factor (dsf)-type quorum sensing (qs) signals to control biofilm formation and virulence. previous work showed that in burkholderia cenocepacia the rpffbc/rpfr system is involved in sensing and responding to dsf signals and that this signal/sensor gene pair is highly conserved in several bacterial species including cronobacter spp. here we show that c. turicensis lmg 23827(t) possesses a functional rpff/r system that is involved in the regula ... | 2016 | 26725701 |
| the pepper gna-related lectin and pan domain protein gene, caglp1, is required for plant cell death and defense signaling during bacterial infection. | carbohydrate-binding proteins, commonly referred to as lectins or agglutinins, function in defense responses to microbial pathogens. pepper (capsicum annuum) gna-related lectin and pan-domain protein gene caglp1 was isolated and functionally characterized from pepper leaves infected with xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (xcv). caglp1 contained an amine-terminus prokaryotic membrane lipoprotein lipid attachment site, a galanthus nivalis agglutinin (gna)-related lectin domain responsible for ... | 2015 | 26706081 |
| genome sequencing and annotation of stenotrophomonas sp. sam8. | we report draft genome sequence of stenotrophomonas sp. strain sam8, isolated from environmental water. the draft genome size is 3,665,538 bp with a g + c content of 67.2% and contains 6 rrna sequence (single copies of 5s, 16s & 23s rrna). the genome sequence can be accessed at ddbj/embl/genbank under the accession no. ldav00000000. | 2015 | 26697323 |
| investigation of a quadruplex-forming repeat sequence highly enriched in xanthomonas and nostoc sp. | in prokaryotes simple sequence repeats (ssrs) with unit sizes of 1-5 nucleotides (nt) are causative for phase and antigenic variation. although an increased abundance of heptameric repeats was noticed in bacteria, reports about ssrs of 6-9 nt are rare. in particular g-rich repeat sequences with the propensity to fold into g-quadruplex (g4) structures have received little attention. in silico analysis of prokaryotic genomes show putative g4 forming sequences to be abundant. this report focuses on ... | 2015 | 26695179 |
| vapd in xylella fastidiosa is a thermostable protein with ribonuclease activity. | xylella fastidiosa strain 9a5c is a gram-negative phytopathogen that is the causal agent of citrus variegated chlorosis (cvc), a disease that is responsible for economic losses in brazilian agriculture. the most well-known mechanism of pathogenicity for this bacterial pathogen is xylem vessel occlusion, which results from bacterial movement and the formation of biofilms. the molecular mechanisms underlying the virulence caused by biofilm formation are unknown. here, we provide evidence showing t ... | 2015 | 26694028 |
| complete genome sequence of xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris strain 17 from taiwan. | xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris 17 is a gram-negative bacterium that is phytopathogenic to cruciferous plants in taiwan. the 4,994,426-bp-long genome consists of 24 contigs with 4,050 protein-coding genes, 1 noncoding rna (ncrna) gene, 6 rrna genes, and 55 trna genes. | 2015 | 26679582 |
| peptidoglycan perception in plants. | 2015 | 26679352 | |
| heat shock proteins: a review of the molecular chaperones for plant immunity. | as sessile organisms, plants are exposed to persistently changing stresses and have to be able to interpret and respond to them. the stresses, drought, salinity, chemicals, cold and hot temperatures, and various pathogen attacks have interconnected effects on plants, resulting in the disruption of protein homeostasis. maintenance of proteins in their functional native conformations and preventing aggregation of non-native proteins are important for cell survival under stress. heat shock proteins ... | 2015 | 26676169 |
| pathotypes of bacterial spot pathogen infecting capsicum peppers in korea. | sixty-seven isolates of bacterial spot pathogen (xanthomonas spp.) collected from six provinces of korea were tested for the identification of their pathotypes and determination of their distribution throughout korea in an effort to genetically manage the disease. near isogenic lines of early calwonder (capsicum annuum) pepper plants carrying bs1 , bs2 and bs3 , and pi235047 (c. pubescens) were used as differential hosts. race p1 was found to be predominant, followed by race p7, and races p3 and ... | 2015 | 26674555 |
| a functional 4-hydroxybenzoate degradation pathway in the phytopathogen xanthomonas campestris is required for full pathogenicity. | plants contain significant levels of natural phenolic compounds essential for reproduction and growth, as well as defense mechanisms against pathogens. xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (xcc) is the causal agent of crucifers black rot. here we showed that genes required for the synthesis, utilization, transportation, and degradation of 4-hydroxybenzoate (4-hba) are present in xcc. xcc rapidly degrades 4-hba, but has no effect on 2-hydroxybenzoate and 3-hydroxybenzoate when grown in xoln medi ... | 2015 | 26672484 |
| contribution of physical interactions to signaling specificity between a diguanylate cyclase and its effector. | cyclic diguanylate (c-di-gmp) is a bacterial second messenger that controls multiple cellular processes. c-di-gmp networks have up to dozens of diguanylate cyclases (dgcs) that synthesize c-di-gmp along with many c-di-gmp-responsive target proteins that can bind and respond to this signal. for such networks to have order, a mechanism(s) likely exists that allow dgcs to specifically signal their targets, and it has been suggested that physical interactions might provide such specificity. our resu ... | 2015 | 26670387 |
| acinetobacter baumannii is dependent on the type ii secretion system and its substrate lipa for lipid utilization and in vivo fitness. | gram-negative bacteria express a number of sophisticated secretion systems to transport virulence factors across the cell envelope, including the type ii secretion (t2s) system. genes for the t2s components gspc through gspn and pild are conserved among isolates of acinetobacter baumannii, an increasingly common nosocomial pathogen that is developing multidrug resistance at an alarming rate. in contrast to most species, however, the t2s genes are dispersed throughout the genome rather than linke ... | 2016 | 26668261 |
| the rpfb-dependent quorum sensing signal turnover system is required for adaptation and virulence in rice bacterial blight pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the bacterial blight pathogen of rice, produces diffusible signal factor (dsf) family quorum sensing signals to regulate virulence. the biosynthesis and perception of dsf family signals require components of the rpf (regulation of pathogenicity factors) cluster. in this study, we report that rpfb plays an essential role in dsf family signal turnover in x. oryzae pv. oryzae pxo99a. the production of dsf family signals was boosted by deletion of the rpfb gene and was ... | 2016 | 26667598 |
| genome sequence of lysobacter dokdonensis ds-58(t), a gliding bacterium isolated from soil in dokdo, korea. | lysobacter dokdonensis ds-58, belonging to the family xanthomonadaceae, was isolated from a soil sample in dokdo, korea in 2011. strain ds-58 is the type strain of l. dokdonensis. in this study, we determined the genome sequence to describe the genomic features including annotation information and cog functional categorization. the draft genome sequence consists of 25 contigs totaling 3,274,406 bp (67.24 % g + c) and contains 3,155 protein coding genes, 2 copies of ribosomal rna operons, and 48 ... | 2015 | 26664701 |
| the draft genome sequence of xanthomonas sp. strain mitacek01 expands the pangenome of a genus of plant pathogens. | we report the draft genome sequence of xanthomonas sp. strain mitacek01, isolated from an indoor environment vending machine surface with frequent human use in stillwater, oklahoma, usa, as part of the student-initiated microbial discovery project. the genome has a total size of 3,617,426 bp and a contig n50 of 1,906,967 bp. | 2015 | 26659686 |
| transgenic banana plants expressing xanthomonas wilt resistance genes revealed a stable non-target bacterial colonization structure. | africa is among the continents where the battle over genetically modified crops is currently being played out. the impact of gm in africa could potentially be very positive. in uganda, researchers have developed transgenic banana lines resistant to banana xanthomonas wilt. the transgenic lines expressing hrap and pflp can provide a timely solution to the pandemic. however, the impact of the transgenes expression on non-target microorganisms has not yet been investigated. to study this effect, tr ... | 2015 | 26657016 |
| enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (eric) pcr based genetic diversity of xanthomonas spp. and its relation to xanthan production. | the genus xanthomonas is composed of phytopathogenic bacterial species. in addition to causing crops diseases, most of the xanthomonas species especially xanthomonas campestris produce xanthan gum via an aerobic fermentation process. xanthan gum is, an important exopolysaccharide from xanthomonas campestris, mainly used in the food, petroleum and other industries. the purpose of this study was assessment of relationship between genetic diversity and xanthan production in xanthomonas spp. | 2015 | 26644872 |
| classification and taxonomy of vegetable macergens. | macergens are bacteria capable of releasing pectic enzymes (pectolytic bacteria). these enzymatic actions result in the separation of plant tissues leading to total plant destruction. this can be attributed to soft rot diseases in vegetables. these macergens primarily belong to the genus erwinia and to a range of opportunistic pathogens namely: the xanthomonas spp., pseudomonas spp., clostridium spp., cytophaga spp., and bacillus spp. they consist of taxa that displayed considerable heterogeneit ... | 2015 | 26640465 |
| involvement of agrobacterium tumefaciens galacturonate tripartite atp-independent periplasmic (trap) transporter gaapqm in virulence gene expression. | monosaccharides capable of serving as nutrients for the soil bacterium agrobacterium tumefaciens are also inducers of the vir regulon present in the tumor-inducing (ti) plasmid of this plant pathogen. one such monosaccharide is galacturonate, the predominant monomer of pectin found in plant cell walls. this ligand is recognized by the periplasmic sugar binding protein chve, which interacts with the vira histidine kinase that controls vir gene expression. although chve is also a member of the chv ... | 2016 | 26637603 |
| a high-throughput regeneration and transformation platform for production of genetically modified banana. | banana (musa spp.) is an important staple food as well as cash crop in tropical and subtropical countries. various bacterial, fungal, and viral diseases and pests such as nematodes are major constraints in its production and are currently destabilizing the banana production in sub-saharan africa. genetic engineering is a complementary option used for incorporating useful traits in banana to bypass the long generation time, polyploidy, and sterility of most of the cultivated varieties. a robust t ... | 2015 | 26635849 |
| diversity and activity of lysobacter species from disease suppressive soils. | the genus lysobacter includes several species that produce a range of extracellular enzymes and other metabolites with activity against bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, and nematodes. lysobacter species were found to be more abundant in soil suppressive against the fungal root pathogen rhizoctonia solani, but their actual role in disease suppression is still unclear. here, the antifungal and plant growth-promoting activities of 18 lysobacter strains, including 11 strains from rhizoctonia-suppressive ... | 2015 | 26635735 |
| the burkholderia pseudomallei proteins bapa and bapc are secreted ttss3 effectors and bapb levels modulate expression of bope. | many gram-negative pathogens use a type iii secretion system (ttss) for the injection of bacterial effector proteins into host cells. the injected effector proteins play direct roles in modulation of host cell pathways for bacterial benefit. burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, expresses three different ttsss. one of these systems, the ttss3, is essential for escape from host endosomes and therefore intracellular survival and replication. here we have characterized thre ... | 2015 | 26624293 |
| comparative genomic insights into ecophysiology of neutrophilic, microaerophilic iron oxidizing bacteria. | neutrophilic microaerophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria (feob) are thought to play a significant role in cycling of carbon, iron and associated elements in both freshwater and marine iron-rich environments. however, the roles of the neutrophilic microaerophilic feob are still poorly understood due largely to the difficulty of cultivation and lack of functional gene markers. here, we analyze the genomes of two freshwater neutrophilic microaerophilic stalk-forming feob, ferriphaselus amnicola oyt1 an ... | 2015 | 26617599 |
| stack heterotrimeric g proteins and mapk cascades on a rack. | heterotrimeric g proteins are molecular switches that relay intracellular signaling in eukaryotes. recent studies in plant immunity provide a link between heterotrimeric g proteins and an mapk cascade via the rack1 scaffolding proteins. research also points to a potential regulation of g proteins by cell surface receptors. | 2015 | 26612253 |
| control of biofilms with the fatty acid signaling molecule cis-2-decenoic acid. | biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms in organized structures attached to surfaces. importantly, biofilms are a major cause of bacterial infections in humans, and remain one of the most significant challenges to modern medical practice. unfortunately, conventional therapies have shown to be inadequate in the treatment of most chronic biofilm infections based on the extraordinary innate tolerance of biofilms to antibiotics. antagonists of quorum sensing signaling molecules have been ... | 2015 | 26610524 |
| effect of guar gum and xanthan gum on pasting and noodle-making properties of potato, corn and mung bean starches. | the effect of xanthan and guar-gum on pasting and noodle-making properties of potato, corn and mung bean starches was studied. mung bean starch showed the highest amylose content (43.4 %) followed by potato (23.2 %) and corn starch (15.5 %). potato starch showed the highest swelling power (19.0 g/g) and solubility index (17.5 %) and exhibited the highest paste viscosities. addition of both gums improved peak viscosity, hot paste viscosity and final viscosity for mung and corn starches; while for ... | 2015 | 26604384 |
| xanthan gum as a fat replacer in goshtaba-a traditional meat product of india: effects on quality and oxidative stability. | goshtaba is a restructured meat product of kashmiri wazwan prepared from meat emulsion with added fat (20 %), salt, spices and condiments and cooked in the curd. the present study was undertaken for the development of low fat goshtaba with the addition of xanthan gum as a fat replacer and was evaluated for proximate composition, ph, colour, lipid and protein oxidation, texture, microstructure and sensory properties. low fat goshtaba formulations containing xanthan gum were higher in protein and ... | 2015 | 26604383 |
| comparative genomics and metabolic profiling of the genus lysobacter. | lysobacter species are gram-negative bacteria widely distributed in soil, plant and freshwater habitats. lysobacter owes its name to the lytic effects on other microorganisms. to better understand their ecology and interactions with other (micro)organisms, five lysobacter strains representing the four species l. enzymogenes, l. capsici, l. gummosus and l. antibioticus were subjected to genomics and metabolomics analyses. | 2015 | 26597042 |
| genomics and transcriptomics of xanthomonas campestris species challenge the concept of core type iii effectome. | the bacterial species xanthomonas campestris infects a wide range of brassicaceae. specific pathovars of this species cause black rot (pv. campestris), bacterial blight of stock (pv. incanae) or bacterial leaf spot (pv. raphani). | 2015 | 26581393 |
| current and future resources for functional metagenomics. | functional metagenomics is a powerful experimental approach for studying gene function, starting from the extracted dna of mixed microbial populations. a functional approach relies on the construction and screening of metagenomic libraries-physical libraries that contain dna cloned from environmental metagenomes. the information obtained from functional metagenomics can help in future annotations of gene function and serve as a complement to sequence-based metagenomics. in this perspective, we b ... | 2015 | 26579102 |
| host target modification as a strategy to counter pathogen hijacking of the jasmonate hormone receptor. | in the past decade, characterization of the host targets of pathogen virulence factors took a center stage in the study of pathogenesis and disease susceptibility in plants and humans. however, the impressive knowledge of host targets has not been broadly exploited to inhibit pathogen infection. here, we show that host target modification could be a promising new approach to "protect" the disease-vulnerable components of plants. in particular, recent studies have identified the plant hormone jas ... | 2015 | 26578782 |
| panther version 10: expanded protein families and functions, and analysis tools. | panther (protein analysis through evolutionary relationships, http://pantherdb.org) is a widely used online resource for comprehensive protein evolutionary and functional classification, and includes tools for large-scale biological data analysis. recent development has been focused in three main areas: genome coverage, functional information ('annotation') coverage and accuracy, and improved genomic data analysis tools. the latest version of panther, 10.0, includes almost 5000 new protein famil ... | 2015 | 26578592 |
| panther version 10: expanded protein families and functions, and analysis tools. | panther (protein analysis through evolutionary relationships, http://pantherdb.org) is a widely used online resource for comprehensive protein evolutionary and functional classification, and includes tools for large-scale biological data analysis. recent development has been focused in three main areas: genome coverage, functional information ('annotation') coverage and accuracy, and improved genomic data analysis tools. the latest version of panther, 10.0, includes almost 5000 new protein famil ... | 2015 | 26578592 |
| investigating the roles of the c-terminal domain of plasmodium falciparum gyra. | malaria remains as one of the most deadly diseases in developing countries. the plasmodium causative agents of human malaria such as plasmodium falciparum possess an organelle, the apicoplast, which is the result of secondary endosymbiosis and retains its own circular dna. a type ii topoisomerase, dna gyrase, is present in the apicoplast. in prokaryotes this enzyme is a proven, effective target for antibacterial agents, and its discovery in p. falciparum opens up the prospect of exploiting it as ... | 2015 | 26566222 |
| repeat-containing protein effectors of plant-associated organisms. | many plant-associated organisms, including microbes, nematodes, and insects, deliver effector proteins into the apoplast, vascular tissue, or cell cytoplasm of their prospective hosts. these effectors function to promote colonization, typically by altering host physiology or by modulating host immune responses. the same effectors however, can also trigger host immunity in the presence of cognate host immune receptor proteins, and thus prevent colonization. to circumvent effector-triggered immuni ... | 2015 | 26557126 |
| diversity of xanthomonas campestris isolates from symptomatic crucifers in new york state. | to assess the diversity of xanthomonas campestris spp. infecting crucifers in new york, 154 isolates were collected over 10 years across the state. the goal was to determine if isolates of the pathogen were overwintering in new york and serving as primary inoculum in subsequent years, or if novel isolates were entering the state each year. pure cultures of isolates were characterized using multilocus sequence analysis (mlsa), a greenhouse pathogenicity assay, repetitive element-polymerase chain ... | 2016 | 26551450 |
| drna-seq reveals genomewide tsss and noncoding rnas of plant beneficial rhizobacterium bacillus amyloliquefaciens fzb42. | bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum fzb42 is a representative of gram-positive plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) that inhabit plant root environments. in order to better understand the molecular mechanisms of bacteria-plant symbiosis, we have systematically analyzed the primary transcriptome of strain fzb42 grown under rhizosphere-mimicking conditions using differential rna sequencing (drna-seq). our analysis revealed 4,877 transcription start sites for protein-coding genes, id ... | 2015 | 26540162 |
| water extract from spent mushroom substrate of hericium erinaceus suppresses bacterial wilt disease of tomato. | culture filtrates of six different edible mushroom species were screened for antimicrobial activity against tomato wilt bacteria ralstonia solanacearum b3. hericium erinaceus, lentinula edodes (sanjo 701), grifola frondosa, and hypsizygus marmoreus showed antibacterial activity against the bacteria. water, n-butanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of spent mushroom substrate (sms) of h. erinaceus exhibited high antibacterial activity against different phytopathogenic bacteria: pectobacterium carotov ... | 2015 | 26539048 |
| structure of an amino acid-decorated exopolysaccharide secreted by a vibrio alginolyticus strain. | vibrio alginolyticus (cncm i-4994) secretes an exopolysaccharide that can be used as an ingredient in cosmetic applications. the structure was resolved using chromatography and one- and two-dimensional nmr spectroscopy experiments. the results show that the carbohydrate backbone is made of two residues: d-galacturonic acid and n-acetyl-d-glucosamine (glcnac), which together constitute a tetrasaccharide repetition unit: [→3)-α-d-gala-(1→4)-α-d-gala-(1→3)-α-d-gala-(1→3)-β-glcnac(1→]. two amino aci ... | 2015 | 26528992 |
| microbial production of scleroglucan and downstream processing. | synthetic petroleum-based polymers and natural plant polymers have the disadvantage of restricted sources, in addition to the non-biodegradability of the former ones. in contrast, eco-sustainable microbial polysaccharides, of low-cost and standardized production, represent an alternative to address this situation. with a strong global market, they attracted worldwide attention because of their novel and unique physico-chemical properties as well as varied industrial applications, and many of the ... | 2015 | 26528259 |
| identification of the key sequence in the flik c-terminal domain for substrate specificity switching in the flagellar protein secretion. | the flagellar hook is a short tubular structure located between the external filament and the membrane-bound basal body. the average hook length is 55 nm and is determined by the soluble protein flik and the integral membrane protein flhb. hook elongation is terminated by flik-mediated cessation of hook protein secretion, followed by the secretion of filamentous proteins. this process is referred to as the substrate specificity switch. switching of the secretion modes results from a direct inter ... | 2016 | 26527646 |
| production of xanthan gum by free and immobilized cells of xanthomonas campestris and xanthomonas pelargonii. | production of xanthan gum using immobilized cells of xanthomonas campestris and xanthomonas pelargonii grown on glucose or hydrolyzed starch as carbon sources was investigated. calcium alginate (ca) and calcium alginate-polyvinyl alcohol-boric acid (ca-pva) beads were used for the immobilization of cells. xanthan titers of 8.2 and 9.2g/l were obtained for x. campestris cells immobilized in ca-pva beads using glucose and hydrolyzed starch, respectively, whereas those for x. pelargonii were 8 and ... | 2016 | 26526173 |
| draft genome sequences of two new zealand xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris isolates, icmp 4013 and icmp 21080. | xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris is a necrotrophic bacterial pathogen of crucifers. we report here the draft genome sequences of isolates icmp 4013 and icmp 21080 from new zealand. these sequences will facilitate the identification of race-specific factors in x. campestris pv. campestris. | 2015 | 26514760 |
| a structure-based classification of class a β-lactamases, a broadly diverse family of enzymes. | for medical biologists, sequencing has become a commonplace technique to support diagnosis. rapid changes in this field have led to the generation of large amounts of data, which are not always correctly listed in databases. this is particularly true for data concerning class a β-lactamases, a group of key antibiotic resistance enzymes produced by bacteria. many genomes have been reported to contain putative β-lactamase genes, which can be compared with representative types. we analyzed several ... | 2016 | 26511485 |
| a structure-based classification of class a β-lactamases, a broadly diverse family of enzymes. | for medical biologists, sequencing has become a commonplace technique to support diagnosis. rapid changes in this field have led to the generation of large amounts of data, which are not always correctly listed in databases. this is particularly true for data concerning class a β-lactamases, a group of key antibiotic resistance enzymes produced by bacteria. many genomes have been reported to contain putative β-lactamase genes, which can be compared with representative types. we analyzed several ... | 2016 | 26511485 |
| tafrog encodes a pooideae orphan protein that interacts with snrk1 and enhances resistance to the mycotoxigenic fungus fusarium graminearum. | all genomes encode taxonomically restricted orphan genes, and the vast majority are of unknown function. there is growing evidence that such genes play an important role in the environmental adaptation of taxa. we report the functional characterization of an orphan gene (triticum aestivum fusarium resistance orphan gene [tafrog]) as a component of resistance to the globally important wheat (t. aestivum) disease, fusarium head blight. tafrog is taxonomically restricted to the grass subfamily pooi ... | 2015 | 26508775 |
| systematic identification of cyclic-di-gmp binding proteins in vibrio cholerae reveals a novel class of cyclic-di-gmp-binding atpases associated with type ii secretion systems. | cyclic-di-gmp (c-di-gmp) is a ubiquitous bacterial signaling molecule that regulates a variety of complex processes through a diverse set of c-di-gmp receptor proteins. we have utilized a systematic approach to identify c-di-gmp receptors from the pathogen vibrio cholerae using the differential radial capillary action of ligand assay (dracala). the dracala screen identified a majority of known c-di-gmp binding proteins in v. cholerae and revealed a novel c-di-gmp binding protein, mshe (vc0405), ... | 2015 | 26506097 |
| construction of citrus gene coexpression networks from microarray data using random matrix theory. | after the sequencing of citrus genomes, gene function annotation is becoming a new challenge. gene coexpression analysis can be employed for function annotation using publicly available microarray data sets. in this study, 230 sweet orange (citrus sinensis) microarrays were used to construct seven coexpression networks, including one condition-independent and six condition-dependent (citrus canker, huanglongbing, leaves, flavedo, albedo, and flesh) networks. in total, these networks contain 37 6 ... | 2015 | 26504573 |
| the inheritance of resistance to bacterial leaf spot of lettuce caused by xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians in three lettuce cultivars. | lettuce yields can be reduced by the disease bacterial leaf spot (bls) caused by the pathogen xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians (xcv) and host resistance is the most feasible method to reduce disease losses. the cultivars la brillante, pavane and little gem express an incompatible host-pathogen interaction as a hypersensitive response (hr) to california strains of xcv resulting in resistance. little was known about the inheritance of resistance; however, resistance to other lettuce pathogens is ... | 2014 | 26504558 |
| biomedical biopolymers, their origin and evolution in biomedical sciences: a systematic review. | biopolymers provide a plethora of applications in the pharmaceutical and medical applications. a material that can be used for biomedical applications like wound healing, drug delivery and tissue engineering should possess certain properties like biocompatibility, biodegradation to non-toxic products, low antigenicity, high bio-activity, processability to complicated shapes with appropriate porosity, ability to support cell growth and proliferation and appropriate mechanical properties, as well ... | 2015 | 26501034 |
| biocide effects of volatile organic compounds produced by potential biocontrol rhizobacteria on sclerotinia sclerotiorum. | six rhizobacteria isolated from common bean and able to protect bean plants from the common bacterial blight (cbb) causal agent, were in vitro evaluated for their potential antifungal effects toward different plant pathogenic fungi, mostly soil-borne. by dual culture assays, the above bacteria resulted producing diffusible and volatile metabolites which inhibited the growth of the majority of the pathogens under study. in particular, the latter substances highly affected the mycelium growth of s ... | 2015 | 26500617 |
| complete sequence and detailed analysis of the first indigenous plasmid from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola. | bacterial plasmids have a major impact on metabolic function and adaptation of their hosts. an indigenous plasmid was identified in a chinese isolate (gx01) of the invasive phytopathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (xoc), the causal agent of rice bacterial leaf streak (bls). to elucidate the biological functions of the plasmid, we have sequenced and comprehensively annotated the plasmid. | 2015 | 26498126 |
| evidence for a functional o-linked n-acetylglucosamine (o-glcnac) system in the thermophilic bacterium thermobaculum terrenum. | post-translational modification of proteins is a ubiquitous mechanism of signal transduction in all kingdoms of life. one such modification is addition of o-linked n-acetylglucosamine to serine or threonine residues, known as o-glcnacylation. this unusual type of glycosylation is thought to be restricted to nucleocytoplasmic proteins of eukaryotes and is mediated by a pair of o-glcnac-transferase and o-glcnac hydrolase enzymes operating on a large number of substrate proteins. protein o-glcnacyl ... | 2015 | 26491011 |
| sigmol: repertoire of quorum sensing signaling molecules in prokaryotes. | quorum sensing is a widespread phenomenon in prokaryotes that helps them to communicate among themselves and with eukaryotes. it is driven through quorum sensing signaling molecules (qssms) in a density dependent manner that assists in numerous biological functions like biofilm formation, virulence factors secretion, swarming motility, bioluminescence, etc. despite immense implications, dedicated resources of qssms are lacking. therefore, we have developed sigmol (http://bioinfo.imtech.res.in/ma ... | 2015 | 26490957 |
| sigmol: repertoire of quorum sensing signaling molecules in prokaryotes. | quorum sensing is a widespread phenomenon in prokaryotes that helps them to communicate among themselves and with eukaryotes. it is driven through quorum sensing signaling molecules (qssms) in a density dependent manner that assists in numerous biological functions like biofilm formation, virulence factors secretion, swarming motility, bioluminescence, etc. despite immense implications, dedicated resources of qssms are lacking. therefore, we have developed sigmol (http://bioinfo.imtech.res.in/ma ... | 2015 | 26490957 |
| ubiquity, diversity and physiological characteristics of geodermatophilaceae in shapotou national desert ecological reserve. | the goal of this study was to gain insight into the diversity of culturable actinobacteria in desert soil crusts and to determine the physiological characteristics of the predominant actinobacterial group in these crusts. culture-dependent method was employed to obtain actinobacterial strains from desert soil samples collected from shapotou national desert ecological reserve (nder) located in tengger desert, china. a total of 376 actinobacterial strains were isolated and 16s rrna gene sequences ... | 2015 | 26483778 |
| present and future medical applications of microbial exopolysaccharides. | microbial exopolysaccharides (eps) have found outstanding medical applications since the mid-20th century, with the first clinical trials on dextran solutions as plasma expanders. other eps entered medicine firstly as conventional pharmaceutical excipients (e.g., xanthan - as suspension stabilizer, or pullulan - in capsules and oral care products). polysaccharides, initially obtained from plant or animal sources, became easily available for a wide range of applications, especially when they were ... | 2015 | 26483763 |
| fleq dna binding consensus sequence revealed by studies of fleq-dependent regulation of biofilm gene expression in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | the transcription factor fleq from pseudomonas aeruginosa derepresses expression of genes involved in biofilm formation when intracellular levels of the second messenger cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-gmp) are high. fleq also activates transcription of flagellar genes, and the expression of these genes is highest at low intracellular c-di-gmp. fleq thus plays a central role in mediating the transition between planktonic and biofilm lifestyles of p. aeruginosa. previous work showed that f ... | 2015 | 26483521 |
| fleq dna binding consensus sequence revealed by studies of fleq-dependent regulation of biofilm gene expression in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | the transcription factor fleq from pseudomonas aeruginosa derepresses expression of genes involved in biofilm formation when intracellular levels of the second messenger cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-gmp) are high. fleq also activates transcription of flagellar genes, and the expression of these genes is highest at low intracellular c-di-gmp. fleq thus plays a central role in mediating the transition between planktonic and biofilm lifestyles of p. aeruginosa. previous work showed that f ... | 2015 | 26483521 |
| ethylene: traffic controller on hormonal crossroads to defense. | ethylene (et) is an important hormone in plant responses to microbial pathogens and herbivorous insects, and in the interaction of plants with beneficial microbes and insects. early et signaling events during these biotic interactions involve activities of mitogen-activated protein kinases and ethylene response factor transcription factors. rather than being the principal regulator, et often modulates defense signaling pathways, including those regulated by jasmonic acid and salicylic acid. horm ... | 2015 | 26482888 |
| phytopath: an integrative resource for plant pathogen genomics. | phytopath (www.phytopathdb.org) is a resource for genomic and phenotypic data from plant pathogen species, that integrates phenotypic data for genes from phi-base, an expertly curated catalog of genes with experimentally verified pathogenicity, with the ensembl tools for data visualization and analysis. the resource is focused on fungi, protists (oomycetes) and bacterial plant pathogens that have genomes that have been sequenced and annotated. genes with associated phi-base data can be easily id ... | 2015 | 26476449 |
| phytopath: an integrative resource for plant pathogen genomics. | phytopath (www.phytopathdb.org) is a resource for genomic and phenotypic data from plant pathogen species, that integrates phenotypic data for genes from phi-base, an expertly curated catalog of genes with experimentally verified pathogenicity, with the ensembl tools for data visualization and analysis. the resource is focused on fungi, protists (oomycetes) and bacterial plant pathogens that have genomes that have been sequenced and annotated. genes with associated phi-base data can be easily id ... | 2015 | 26476449 |
| brevibacillus laterosporus, a pathogen of invertebrates and a broad-spectrum antimicrobial species. | brevibacillus laterosporus, a bacterium characterized by the production of a unique canoe-shaped lamellar body attached to one side of the spore, is a natural inhabitant of water, soil and insects. its biopesticidal potential has been reported against insects in different orders including coleoptera, lepidoptera, diptera and against nematodes and mollusks. in addition to its pathogenicity against invertebrates, different b. laterosporus strains show a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity includ ... | 2013 | 26462431 |
| edwardsiella tarda esce (orf13 protein) is a type iii secretion system-secreted protein that is required for the injection of effectors, secretion of translocators, and pathogenesis in fish. | the type iii secretion system (t3ss) of edwardsiella tarda is crucial for its intracellular survival and pathogenesis in fish. the orf13 gene (esce) of e. tarda is located 84 nucleotides (nt) upstream of esrc in the t3ss gene cluster. we found that esce is secreted and translocated in a t3ss-dependent manner and that amino acids 2 to 15 in the n terminus were required for a completely functional t3ss in e. tarda. deletion of esce abolished the secretion of t3ss translocators, as well as the secr ... | 2015 | 26459509 |
| edwardsiella tarda esce (orf13 protein) is a type iii secretion system-secreted protein that is required for the injection of effectors, secretion of translocators, and pathogenesis in fish. | the type iii secretion system (t3ss) of edwardsiella tarda is crucial for its intracellular survival and pathogenesis in fish. the orf13 gene (esce) of e. tarda is located 84 nucleotides (nt) upstream of esrc in the t3ss gene cluster. we found that esce is secreted and translocated in a t3ss-dependent manner and that amino acids 2 to 15 in the n terminus were required for a completely functional t3ss in e. tarda. deletion of esce abolished the secretion of t3ss translocators, as well as the secr ... | 2015 | 26459509 |
| selection and validation of potato candidate genes for maturity corrected resistance to phytophthora infestans based on differential expression combined with snp association and linkage mapping. | late blight of potato (solanum tuberosum l.) caused by the oomycete phytophthora infestans (mont.) de bary, is one of the most important bottlenecks of potato production worldwide. cultivars with high levels of durable, race unspecific, quantitative resistance are part of a solution to this problem. however, breeding for quantitative resistance is hampered by the correlation between resistance and late plant maturity, which is an undesirable agricultural attribute. the objectives of our research ... | 2015 | 26442110 |
| a novel workflow correlating rna-seq data to phythophthora infestans resistance levels in wild solanum species and potato clones. | comparative transcriptomics between species can provide valuable understanding of plant-pathogen interactions. here, we focus on wild solanum species and potato clones with varying degree of resistance against phytophthora infestans, which causes the devastating late blight disease in potato. the transcriptomes of three wild solanum species native to southern sweden, solanum dulcamara, solanum nigrum, and solanum physalifolium were compared to three potato clones, desiree (cv.), sw93-1015 and sa ... | 2015 | 26442032 |
| systemic responses in a tolerant olive (olea europaea l.) cultivar upon root colonization by the vascular pathogen verticillium dahliae. | verticillium wilt of olive (vwo) is caused by the vascular pathogen verticillium dahliae. one of the best vwo management measures is the use of tolerant cultivars; however, our knowledge on vwo tolerance/resistance genetics is very limited. a transcriptomic analysis was conducted to (i) identify systemic defense responses induced/repressed in aerial tissues of the tolerant cultivar frantoio upon root colonization by v. dahliae, and (ii) determine the expression pattern of selected defense genes ... | 2015 | 26441865 |
| biopolymers from lactic acid bacteria. novel applications in foods and beverages. | lactic acid bacteria (lab) are microorganisms widely used in the fermented food industry worldwide. certain lab are able to produce exopolysaccharides (eps) either attached to the cell wall (capsular eps) or released to the extracellular environment (eps). according to their composition, lab may synthesize heteropolysaccharides or homopolysaccharides. a wide diversity of eps are produced by lab concerning their monomer composition, molecular mass, and structure. although eps-producing lab strain ... | 2015 | 26441845 |
| priming of pathogenesis related-proteins and enzymes related to oxidative stress by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on rice plants upon abiotic and biotic stress challenge. | two plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) were tested to evaluate their capacity to prime rice seedlings against stress challenge (salt and xanthomonas campestris infection). as is accepted that plants respond to biotic and abiotic stresses by generation of reactive oxygen species (ros), enzyme activities related to oxidative stress (ascorbate peroxidase (apx, ec 1.11.1.11), guaiacol peroxidase (gpx, ec 1.11.1.7), glutathione reductase (gr, ec 1.6.4.2) and superoxide dismutase (sod, ec 1.1 ... | 2015 | 26439659 |
| backbone chemical shift assignments for xanthomonas campestris peroxiredoxin q in the reduced and oxidized states: a dramatic change in backbone dynamics. | peroxiredoxins (prx) are ubiquitous enzymes that reduce peroxides as part of antioxidant defenses and redox signaling. while prx catalytic activity and sensitivity to hyperoxidative inactivation depend on their dynamic properties, there are few examples where their dynamics has been characterized by nmr spectroscopy. here, we provide a foundation for studies of the solution properties of peroxiredoxin q from the plant pathogen xanthomonas campestris (xcprxq) by assigning the observable (1)h(n), ... | 2016 | 26438558 |
| pbl13 is a serine/threonine protein kinase that negatively regulates arabidopsis immune responses. | receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (rlcks) are a subset of plant receptor-like kinases lacking both extracellular and transmembrane domains. some of the 46 members in the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) rlck subfamily vii have been linked to plant innate immunity; however, most remain uncharacterized. thus, multiple subfamily vii members are expected to be involved in plant immune signaling. here, we investigate the role of avrpphb susceptible1-like13 (pbl13), a subfamily vii rlck with unique ... | 2015 | 26432875 |
| a taqman-based multiplex qpcr assay and dna extraction method for phylotype iib sequevars 1&2 (select agent) strains of ralstonia solanacearum. | ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 strains belonging to phylotype iib, sequevars 1 and 2 (iib-1&2) cause brown rot of potato in temperate climates, and are quarantined pathogens in canada and europe. since these strains are not established in the u.s. and because of their potential risk to the potato industry, the u.s. government has listed them as select agents. cultivated geraniums are also a host and have the potential to spread the pathogen through trade, and its extracts strongly inhibi ... | 2015 | 26426354 |
| rapid, specific, simple, in-field detection of xanthomonas campestris pathovar musacearum by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | to develop and evaluate a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for xanthomonas campestris pathovar musacearum (xcm), the causal agent of banana xanthomonas wilt, a major disease of banana in africa. | 2015 | 26425811 |
| a novel and widespread class of ketosynthase is responsible for the head-to-head condensation of two acyl moieties in bacterial pyrone biosynthesis. | the biosynthesis of photopyrones, novel quorum sensing signals in photorhabdus, has been studied by heterologous expression of the photopyrone synthase ppys catalyzing the head-to-head condensation of two acyl moieties. the biochemical mechanism of pyrone formation has been investigated by amino acid exchange and bioinformatic analysis. additionally, the evolutionary origin of ppys has been studied by phylogenetic analyses also revealing homologous enzymes in pseudomonas sp. gm30 responsible for ... | 2015 | 26425196 |
| in vitro control of plant pathogenic xanthomonas spp. using poncirus trifoliata rafin. | the secondary metabolites such as essential oil and pure compounds (limonin and imperatorin) from poncirus trifoliata rafin were tested for in vitro control of phytopathogenic bacteria of xanthomonas spp. in vitro studies showed that the oil had inhibitory effect on xanthomonas campestris pv. compestris kc94-17-xcc, xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria yk93-4-xcv, xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae kx019-xco and xanthomonas sp. sk12 with their inhibition zones and minimum inhibitory concentration ( ... | 2014 | 26417325 |
| mini-tn7 vectors for stable expression of diguanylate cyclase pled* in gram-negative bacteria. | the cyclic diguanylate (c-di-gmp) is currently considered an ubiquitous second messenger in bacteria that influences a wide range of cellular processes. one of the methodological approaches to unravel c-di-gmp regulatory networks involves raising the c-di-gmp intracellular levels, e.g. by expressing a diguanylate cyclase (dgc), to provoke phenotypic changes. | 2015 | 26415513 |
| ex-ante economic impact assessment of genetically modified banana resistant to xanthomonas wilt in the great lakes region of africa. | credible empirical evidence is scanty on the social implications of genetically modified (gm) crops in africa, especially on vegetatively propagated crops. little is known about the future success of introducing gm technologies into staple crops such as bananas, which are widely produced and consumed in the great lakes region of africa (gla). gm banana has a potential to control the destructive banana xanthomonas wilt disease. | 2015 | 26414379 |
| designing potent antimicrobial peptides by disulphide linked dimerization and n-terminal lipidation to increase antimicrobial activity and membrane perturbation: structural insights into lipopolysaccharide binding. | the remarkable rise in multi-drug resistant gram-negative bacterial pathogens is a major concern to the well being of humans as well as susceptible plants. in recent years, diseases associated with inflammation and septicemia have already become a global health issue. therefore, there is a rising demand for the development of novel "super" antibiotics. in this context, antimicrobial peptides offer an attractive, alternate therapeutic solution to conventional antibiotics. | 2016 | 26407061 |
| regulatory proteolysis in arabidopsis-pathogen interactions. | approximately two and a half percent of protein coding genes in arabidopsis encode enzymes with known or putative proteolytic activity. proteases possess not only common housekeeping functions by recycling nonfunctional proteins. by irreversibly cleaving other proteins, they regulate crucial developmental processes and control responses to environmental changes. regulatory proteolysis is also indispensable in interactions between plants and their microbial pathogens. proteolytic cleavage is simu ... | 2015 | 26404238 |
| iron is a signal for stenotrophomonas maltophilia biofilm formation, oxidative stress response, omps expression, and virulence. | stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging nosocomial pathogen. in many bacteria iron availability regulates, through the fur system, not only iron homeostasis but also virulence. the aim of this work was to assess the role of iron on s. maltophilia biofilm formation, eps production, oxidative stress response, omps regulation, quorum sensing (qs), and virulence. studies were done on k279a and its isogenic fur mutant f60 cultured in the presence or absence of dipyridyl. this is the first report ... | 2015 | 26388863 |
| o antigen modulates insect vector acquisition of the bacterial plant pathogen xylella fastidiosa. | hemipteran insect vectors transmit the majority of plant pathogens. acquisition of pathogenic bacteria by these piercing/sucking insects requires intimate associations between the bacterial cells and insect surfaces. lipopolysaccharide (lps) is the predominant macromolecule displayed on the cell surface of gram-negative bacteria and thus mediates bacterial interactions with the environment and potential hosts. we hypothesized that bacterial cell surface properties mediated by lps would be import ... | 2015 | 26386068 |
| genome sequences of the race 1 and race 4 xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris strains cfbp 1869 and cfbp 5817. | xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris is the causal agent of black rot on brassicaceae. the draft genome sequences of strains cfbp 1869 and cfbp 5817 have been determined and are the first ones corresponding to race 1 and race 4 strains, which have a predominant agronomic and economic impact on cabbage cultures worldwide. | 2015 | 26383661 |
| controlling weeds with fungi, bacteria and viruses: a review. | weeds are a nuisance in a variety of land uses. the increasing prevalence of both herbicide resistant weeds and bans on cosmetic pesticide use has created a strong impetus to develop novel strategies for controlling weeds. the application of bacteria, fungi and viruses to achieving this goal has received increasingly great attention over the last three decades. proposed benefits to this strategy include reduced environmental impact, increased target specificity, reduced development costs compare ... | 2015 | 26379687 |
| new insights on molecular regulation of biofilm formation in plant-associated bacteria. | biofilms are complex bacterial assemblages with a defined three-dimensional architecture, attached to solid surfaces, and surrounded by a self-produced matrix generally composed of exopolysaccharides, proteins, lipids and extracellular dna. biofilm formation has evolved as an adaptive strategy of bacteria to cope with harsh environmental conditions as well as to establish antagonistic or beneficial interactions with their host. plant-associated bacteria attach and form biofilms on different tiss ... | 2016 | 26377849 |
| insights into substrate specificity of nlpc/p60 cell wall hydrolases containing bacterial sh3 domains. | bacterial sh3 (sh3b) domains are commonly fused with papain-like nlp/p60 cell wall hydrolase domains. to understand how the modular architecture of sh3b and nlpc/p60 affects the activity of the catalytic domain, three putative nlpc/p60 cell wall hydrolases were biochemically and structurally characterized. these enzymes all have γ-d-glu-a2pm (a2pm is diaminopimelic acid) cysteine amidase (or dl-endopeptidase) activities but with different substrate specificities. one enzyme is a cell wall lysin ... | 2015 | 26374125 |
| maize homologs of hydroxycinnamoyltransferase, a key enzyme in lignin biosynthesis, bind the nucleotide binding leucine-rich repeat rp1 proteins to modulate the defense response. | in plants, most disease resistance genes encode nucleotide binding leu-rich repeat (nlr) proteins that trigger a rapid localized cell death called a hypersensitive response (hr) upon pathogen recognition. the maize (zea mays) nlr protein rp1-d21 derives from an intragenic recombination between two nlrs, rp1-d and rp1-dp2, and confers an autoactive hr in the absence of pathogen infection. from a previous quantitative trait loci and genome-wide association study, we identified a single-nucleotide ... | 2015 | 26373661 |
| type iii secretion systems: the bacterial flagellum and the injectisome. | the flagellum and the injectisome are two of the most complex and fascinating bacterial nanomachines. at their core, they share a type iii secretion system (t3ss), a transmembrane export complex that forms the extracellular appendages, the flagellar filament and the injectisome needle. recent advances, combining structural biology, cryo-electron tomography, molecular genetics, in vivo imaging, bioinformatics and biophysics, have greatly increased our understanding of the t3ss, especially the str ... | 2015 | 26370933 |
| dna-binding properties of a cgmp-binding crp homologue that controls development of metabolically dormant cysts of rhodospirillum centenum. | rhodospirillum centenum utilizes 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cgmp) as a messenger to regulate development of desiccation-resistant cysts. in this study, we demonstrated that gcya, gcyb and gcyc, coding for putative subunits of a guanylyl cyclase, increase expression from 8- to 500-fold when cells transition from vegetative to cyst phases of growth. this induction did not occur in a strain that is defective in cgmp synthesis or in a strain that contains a deletion of cgra that codes for ... | 2015 | 26362215 |
| development of a species-specific pcr assay for three xanthomonas species, causing bulb and flower diseases, based on their genome sequences. | in this study, we developed a species-specific pcr assay for rapid and accurate detection of three xanthomonas species, x. axonopodis pv. poinsettiicola (xap), x. hyacinthi (xh) and x. campestris pv. zantedeschiae (xcz), based on their draft genome sequences. xap, xh and xcz genomes consist of single chromosomes that contain 5,221, 4,395 and 7,986 protein coding genes, respectively. species-specific primers were designed from variable regions of the draft genome sequence data and assessed by a p ... | 2015 | 26361469 |
| the decoy substrate of a pathogen effector and a pseudokinase specify pathogen-induced modified-self recognition and immunity in plants. | in plants, host response to pathogenic microbes is driven both by microbial perception and detection of modified-self. the xanthomonas campestris effector protein avrac/xopac uridylylates the arabidopsis bik1 kinase to dampen basal resistance and thereby promotes bacterial virulence. here we show that pbl2, a paralog of bik1, is similarly uridylylated by avrac. however, in contrast to bik1, pbl2 uridylylation is specifically required for host recognition of avrac to trigger immunity, but not avr ... | 2015 | 26355215 |
| role of host cell-derived amino acids in nutrition of intracellular salmonella enterica. | the facultative intracellular pathogen salmonella enterica resides in a specific membrane-bound compartment termed the salmonella-containing vacuole (scv). despite being segregated from access to metabolites in the host cell cytosol, salmonella is able to efficiently proliferate within the scv. we set out to unravel the nutritional supply of salmonella in the scv with focus on amino acids. we studied the availability of amino acids by the generation of auxotrophic strains for alanine, asparagine ... | 2015 | 26351287 |
| tal effectors and the executor r genes. | transcription activator-like (tal) effectors are bacterial type iii secretion proteins that function as transcription factors in plants during xanthomonas/plant interactions, conditioning either host susceptibility and/or host resistance. three types of tal effector associated resistance (r) genes have been characterized-recessive, dominant non-transcriptional, and dominant tal effector-dependent transcriptional based resistance. here, we discuss the last type of r genes, whose functions are dep ... | 2015 | 26347759 |
| metabolomics reveals differences of metal toxicity in cultures of pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes kf707 grown on different carbon sources. | co-contamination of metals and organic pollutants is a global problem as metals interfere with the metabolism of complex organics by bacteria. based on a prior observation that metal tolerance was altered by the sole carbon source being used for growth, we sought to understand how metal toxicity specifically affects bacteria using an organic pollutant as their sole carbon source. to this end metabolomics was used to compare cultures of pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes kf707 grown on either biphenyl ... | 2015 | 26347721 |