Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| nmda receptor-mediated processes in the parabrachial/kölliker fuse complex influence respiratory responses directly and indirectly via changes in cortical activation state. | we tested the hypothesis that glutamate, acting via nmda-type receptors (nmdar) in the parabrachial/kölliker fuse (pbrkf) nucleus of the pons, is involved both directly and indirectly (via changes in cortical activation state) in modulating breathing and ventilatory responses to hypoxia. to this end we examined the effects of mk-801, injected either systemically or directly into the pbrkf, on the breathing patterns of urethane-anaesthetized rats breathing air or an hypoxic gas mixture as electro ... | 2008 | 18499538 |
| the development of day-night differences in sleep and wakefulness in norway rats and the effect of bilateral enucleation. | the suprachiasmatic nucleus exhibits circadian rhythmicity in fetal and infant rats, but little is known about the consequences of this rhythmicity for infant behavior. here, in experiment 1, the authors measured sleep and wakefulness in rats during the day and night in postnatal day (p)2, p8, p15, and p21 subjects. as early as p2, day-night differences in sleep-wake activity were detected. nocturnal wakefulness began to emerge around p15 and was reliably expressed by p21. the authors hypothesiz ... | 2008 | 18487415 |
| alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone: an alternative approach when thinking about restless legs syndrome? | alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-msh) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) possess properties suggesting that they may be involved in the pathogenesis of restless legs syndrome (rls). we sought to determine if alpha-msh and acth when administered centrally in rat recapitulate features reminiscent of rls: increased activity, sleep fragmentation, and periodic movements during sleep. rats were instrumented with electroencephalography, electromyography, and intracerebral cannulae and re ... | 2008 | 18464280 |
| rapid eye movement (rem) sleep homeostatic regulatory processes in the rat: changes in the sleep-wake stages and electroencephalographic power spectra. | the aim of this study was to elucidate physiological processes that are involved in the homeostatic regulation of rem sleep. adult rats were chronically instrumented with sleep-wake recording electrodes. following post-surgical recovery, rats were habituated extensively for freely moving polygraphic recording conditions. on the first experimental recording day (baseline day, bld), polygraphic signs of undisturbed sleep-wake activities were recorded for 4 h (between 11:00 am and 3:00 pm). during ... | 2008 | 18455709 |
| neuroglobin in the rat brain: localization. | neuroglobin (ngb) is a neuronal hemeprotein similar to myoglobin and hemoglobin and shares their capability for oxygen binding. it has thus been proposed that ngb acts as an oxygen reservoir or combats reactive oxygen species. in the present study, we investigated the ngb expression pattern in the rat brain using immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and quantitative real-time pcr (qrt-pcr). this revealed the interesting finding that ngb expression is restricted to a few neurone populatio ... | 2008 | 18451642 |
| an endogenous glutamatergic drive onto somatic motoneurons contributes to the stereotypical pattern of muscle tone across the sleep-wake cycle. | skeletal muscle tone is modulated in a stereotypical pattern across the sleep-wake cycle. abnormalities in this modulation contribute to most of the major sleep disorders; therefore, characterizing the neurochemical substrate responsible for transmitting a sleep-wake drive to somatic motoneurons needs to be determined. glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that modulates motoneuron excitability; however, its role in regulating motoneuron excitability and muscle tone during natural sleep-wa ... | 2008 | 18448642 |
| molecular analysis of sleep. | rest or sleep in all animal species constitutes a period of quiescence necessary for recovery from activity. whether rest and activity observed in all organisms share a similar fundamental molecular basis with sleep and wakefulness in mammals has not yet been established. in addition and in contrast to the circadian system, strong evidence that sleep is regulated at the transcriptional level is lacking. nevertheless, several studies indicate that single genesmay regulate some specific aspects of ... | 2007 | 18419317 |
| inducible clocks: living in an unpredictable world. | all mammals have daily cycles of behavior (e.g., wake-sleep and feeding), and physiology (e.g., hormone secretion and body temperature). these cycles are typically entrained to the external light/dark cycle, but they can be altered dramatically under conditions of restricted food availability, changes in ambient temperature, or the presence of external stimuli such as predators. during the past 30 years, one of the best studied of these responses has been the entrainment of circadian rhythms to ... | 2007 | 18419313 |
| wake up and smell the coffee: yet another no go for cardiac patients? : editorial to "caffeinated coffee blunts the myocardial protective effects of statins against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat" by ye et al. | 2008 | 18415673 | |
| promoting of wakefulness by administrations of modafinil into anterior hypothalamus and into the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus in rats. | we investigated whether administration of mod in rats during the lights-on period into wake-promoting areas, such as anterior hypothalamus (ah) or into the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (pptg) would enhance waking. results showed that microinjections of 1 microl of mod (10, 20, or 30 microg) into both brain areas increased the total time of alertness and decreased sleep. additionally, mod-treated rats showed an enhancement in alpha power spectra but delta power spectra was diminished. final ... | 2008 | 18403119 |
| chronic disruption of circadian rhythms impairs hippocampal memory in the rat. | circadian related disorders and alterations in sleep-wake patterns are common complaints in the elderly, especially those diagnosed with alzheimer's disease. the negative physical and psychological effects resulting from chronic circadian disruption are numerous and appear to be positively correlated with the length of time an individual has suffered from a circadian disorder. in the current paper, we explore the effects of acute and chronic disruption of circadian rhythms on memory using a phas ... | 2008 | 18395623 |
| role of endogenous sleep-wake and analgesic systems in anesthesia. | classical anesthetics of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type a receptor (gaba(a))-enhancing class (e.g., pentobarbital, chloral hydrate, muscimol, and ethanol) produce analgesia and unconsciousness (sedation). dissociative anesthetics that antagonize the n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor (e.g., ketamine, mk-801, dextromethorphan, and phencyclidine) produce analgesia but do not induce complete loss of consciousness. to understand the mechanisms underlying loss of consciousness and analgesia induc ... | 2008 | 18383504 |
| sleep architecture of the melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1-knockout mice. | growing amounts of data indicate involvement of the posterior hypothalamus in the regulation of sleep, especially paradoxical sleep (ps). accordingly, we previously showed that the melanin-concentrating hormone (mch)-producing neurons of the rat hypothalamus are selectively activated during a ps rebound. in addition, intracerebroventricular infusion of mch increases total sleep duration, suggesting a new role for mch in sleep regulation. to determine whether activation of the mch system promotes ... | 2008 | 18380672 |
| systemic vs. central administration of common hypnotics reveals opposing effects on genioglossus muscle activity in rats. | to determine if systemic administration of selected sedative-hypnotics that modulate the function of the y-amino-butyric acid-a (gabaa) receptor can: (i) delay arousal thereby allowing genioglossus (gg) activity to increase more in response to respiratory stimulation during sleep, (ii) also cause the robust increase in gg activity during undisturbed sleep recently observed with barbiturates. we also determined effects on gg activity with local application to the hypoglossal motor nucleus (hmn). ... | 2008 | 18363312 |
| asymmetry in sympathetic and vagal activities during sleep-wake transitions. | to explore the role of autonomic nervous system in initiation of sleep-wake transitions. | 2008 | 18363306 |
| role of the dorsal paragigantocellular reticular nucleus in paradoxical (rapid eye movement) sleep generation: a combined electrophysiological and anatomical study in the rat. | it is well known that noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons decrease their activity during slow wave sleep and are quiescent during paradoxical sleep. it was recently proposed that their inactivation during paradoxical sleep is due to a tonic gabaergic inhibition arising from neurons located into the dorsal paragigantocellular reticular nucleus (dpgi). however, the discharge profile of dpgi neurons across the sleep-waking cycle as well as their connections with brain areas involved in paradoxica ... | 2008 | 18308473 |
| baroreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure variability. | 1. the simultaneous recording of blood pressure (bp) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (rsna) in conscious sinoaortic baroreceptor denervated rats has revealed that the sympathetic component of the baroreceptor reflex both limits the amplitude of slow bp fluctuations and generates a faster bp oscillation (approximately 0.4 hz in rats), the so-called mayer wave. 2. using bp and rsna time series collected in conscious baroreceptor denervated rats and parameters of the transfer function relating ... | 2008 | 18307752 |
| correlation between ex vivo receptor occupancy and wake-promoting activity of selective h3 receptor antagonists. | the histamine h3 receptor (h3r) modulates the release of neurotransmitters that are involved in vigilance, cognition, and sleep-wake regulation. h3r antagonism has been proposed as a novel approach to the treatment of cognitive and attention deficit as well as sleep disorders. it is apparent that h3r antagonists produce pharmacological effects in preclinical animal models across a wide dose range. several h3r antagonists were reported to be effective at producing cognitive enhancing effects at l ... | 2008 | 18305012 |
| continuous stimulation of dopaminergic receptors by rotigotine does not interfere with the sleep-wake cycle in the rat. | rotigotine is a new, non-ergoline dopamine receptor agonist developed for the treatment of parkinson's disease in a transdermal formulation (neupro ) to provide sustained drug delivery for 24 h with a once daily dosing. the aim of the present study was to determine whether or not continuous dopaminergic stimulation can interfere with the sleep-wake cycle. to achieve this, rotigotine was administered as a slow release formulation to provide stable plasma and brain levels over a period of 6 days a ... | 2008 | 18304531 |
| acute sleep-promoting action of the melatonin agonist, ramelteon, in the rat. | insomnia, which is severe enough to warrant treatment, occurs in approximately 10% of the general population. it is associated with a range of adverse consequences for human health, economic productivity and quality of life. in animal and human studies, administration of melatonin has been reported to promote sleep, although there has been controversy regarding its effectiveness. the present study used a chronically implanted radiotelemetry transmitter to record electroencephalogram (eeg) and el ... | 2008 | 18298466 |
| wake and sleep hypothalamic regulation in diurnal and nocturnal chronotypes. | 2008 | 18298461 | |
| estrus cycle stage modifies the presentation of stress-induced startle suppression in female sprague-dawley rats. | tailshock stress causes transient reductions in startle reactivity, associative learning and open field activity in female rats in an ovarian hormone dependent manner. others have shown estrogen modulation of associative learning by testing across the estrus cycle and pharmacological manipulations. here we tested whether stress-induced suppression of startle reactivity can be attributed to circulating ovarian hormones. female rats were tracked across the estrus cycle and subjected to the stresso ... | 2008 | 18281068 |
| rapid eye movement sleep deprivation contributes to reduction of neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of the adult rat. | the dentate gyrus (dg) of the adult hippocampus contains progenitor cells, which have potential to differentiate into neurons. previously we reported that 96 hours of total sleep deprivation reduces neurogenesis in the dg of adult rats. loss of either non-rapid eye movement (nrem) or rapid eye movement (rem) sleep could have contributed to the effect of total sleep deprivation. the present study assessed the effect of 4 days of rem sleep deprivation (remd) on neurogenesis. | 2008 | 18274263 |
| selective 5ht2a and 5ht6 receptor antagonists promote sleep in rats. | serotonin (5-ht) has long been implicated in the control of sleep and wakefulness. this study evaluated the hypnotic efficacy of the 5-ht6 antagonist ro4368554 (ro) and the 5-ht2a receptor antagonist mdl100907 (mdl) relative to zolpidem. | 2008 | 18220076 |
| effects of serotonergic activation by 5-hydroxytryptophan on sleep and body temperature of c57bl/6j and interleukin-6-deficient mice are dose and time related. | extensive data implicate serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-ht]) in the regulation of sleep. jouvet has hypothesized that 5-ht promotes wakefulness, yet is necessary for subsequent non-rapid eye movement (nrem) sleep, actions he proposes to be mediated by sleep factors. studies in rat support this dual role for 5-ht. the objectives of this study were to (1) determine effects of serotonergic activation on sleep of mice and (2) elucidate a potential role for the cytokine interleukin-6 as a sleep fa ... | 2008 | 18220075 |
| orexins and orexin receptors: from molecules to integrative physiology. | recent studies have implicated the orexin system as a critical regulator of sleep/wake states, feeding behavior, and reward processes. orexin deficiency results in narcolepsy-cataplexy in humans, dogs, and rodents, suggesting that the orexin system is particularly important for maintenance of wakefulness. orexin agonists and antagonists are thought to be promising avenues toward the treatment of sleep disorders, eating disorders, and drug addiction. in this chapter, we discuss the current unders ... | 2008 | 18204827 |
| molecular and electrophysiological evidence for net synaptic potentiation in wake and depression in sleep. | plastic changes occurring during wakefulness aid in the acquisition and consolidation of memories. for some memories, further consolidation requires sleep, but whether plastic processes during wakefulness and sleep differ is unclear. we show that, in rat cortex and hippocampus, glur1-containing ampa receptor (ampar) levels are high during wakefulness and low during sleep, and changes in the phosphorylation states of ampars, camkii and gsk3beta are consistent with synaptic potentiation during wak ... | 2008 | 18204445 |
| blockage of dopaminergic d(2) receptors produces decrease of rem but not of slow wave sleep in rats after rem sleep deprivation. | dopamine (da) has, as of late, become singled out from the profusion of other neurotransmitters as what could be called a key substance, in the regulation of the sleep-wake states. we have hypothesized that dopaminergic d(2) receptor blockage induced by haloperidol could generate a reduction or even an ablation of rapid eye movement (rem) sleep. otherwise, the use of the selective d(2) agonist, piribedil, could potentiate rem sleep. electrophysiological findings demonstrate that d(2) blockage pr ... | 2008 | 18201777 |
| effects of ibotenate and 192igg-saporin lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis/substantia innominata on spontaneous sleep and wake states and on recovery sleep after sleep deprivation in rats. | the basal forebrain (bf) is known for its role in cortical and behavioral activation, and has been postulated to have a role in compensatory mechanisms after sleep loss. however, specific neuronal phenotypes responsible for these roles are unclear. we investigated the effects of ibotenate (ibo) and 192igg-saporin (sap) lesions of the caudal bf on spontaneous sleep-waking and electroencephalogram (eeg), and recovery sleep and eeg after 6 h of sleep deprivation (sd). relative to artificial csf (ac ... | 2008 | 18184792 |
| effects of saporin-induced lesions of three arousal populations on daily levels of sleep and wake. | the hypocretin (hcrt) neurons are located only in the perifornical area of the lateral hypothalamus and heavily innervate the cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain (bf), histamine neurons in the tuberomammillary nucleus (tmn), and the noradrenergic locus ceruleus (lc) neurons, three neuronal populations that have traditionally been implicated in regulating arousal. based on the innervation, hcrt neurons may regulate arousal by driving these downstream arousal neurons. here, we directly test ... | 2007 | 18094243 |
| csf histamine levels in rats reflect the central histamine neurotransmission. | reduced cerebrospinal fluid (csf) histamine levels were found in human hypersomnia. to evaluate the functional significance of changes in csf histamine levels, we measured the levels in rats across 24h, after the administration of wake-promoting compounds modafinil, amphetamine, and thioperamide, and after sleep deprivation and food deprivation. thioperamide significantly increased csf histamine levels with little effects on locomotor activation. both modafinil and amphetamine markedly increased ... | 2008 | 18077091 |
| blocking melanin-concentrating hormone mch1 receptor affects rat sleep-wake architecture. | melanin-concentrating hormone (mch) is a hypothalamic peptide that centrally regulates food intake, energy balance and emotion. interestingly, mch and melanin-concentrating hormone mch(1) receptors are distributed in brain areas known to regulate vigilance states. effects of subcutaneous administration of two selective melanin-concentrating hormone mch(1) receptor antagonists, labeled a and b were examined over a broad dose range (1, 3, 10, 20, 40 mg/kg) on rat sleep-wake architecture. both comp ... | 2008 | 18062961 |
| administration of the protein synthesis inhibitor, anisomycin, has distinct sleep-promoting effects in lateral preoptic and perifornical hypothalamic sites in rats. | although a robust relationship between sleep and increased brain protein synthesis is well-documented, there have been few reports of the effects of local application of a protein synthesis inhibitor (psi) on sleep. in this study, we compared the effects of local microdialytic administration of the protein synthesis inhibitor, anisomycin (ani) into the lateral preoptic area (lpoa), a sleep promoting area vs. the perifornical/lateral hypothalamus (pf/lh), a wake and rapid eye movement (rem) sleep ... | 2008 | 18055127 |
| electrical coupling: novel mechanism for sleep-wake control. | recent evidence suggests that certain anesthetic agents decrease electrical coupling, whereas the stimulant modafinil appears to increase electrical coupling. we investigated the potential role of electrical coupling in 2 reticular activating system sites, the subcoeruleus nucleus and in the pedunculopontine nucleus, which has been implicated in the modulation of arousal via ascending cholinergic activation of intralaminar thalamus and descending activation of the subcoeruleus nucleus to generat ... | 2007 | 18041475 |
| genome-wide expression profiling and bioinformatics analysis of diurnally regulated genes in the mouse prefrontal cortex. | the prefrontal cortex is important in regulating sleep and mood. diurnally regulated genes in the prefrontal cortex may be controlled by the circadian system, by sleep:wake states, or by cellular metabolism or environmental responses. bioinformatics analysis of these genes will provide insights into a wide-range of pathways that are involved in the pathophysiology of sleep disorders and psychiatric disorders with sleep disturbances. | 2007 | 18028544 |
| n-methyl d-aspartate receptor antagonists ketamine and mk-801 induce wake-related aberrant gamma oscillations in the rat neocortex. | single subanesthetic doses of ketamine, a non-competitive nmda receptor (nmdar) antagonist, induce cognitive impairment, schizophreniform psychosis, hallucinations, and exacerbate schizophrenia symptoms. the neuronal mechanisms underlying transient disruption in nmdar function are unknown. disorders of cognition-related coherences of gamma frequency (30-80 hz) oscillations between cortical areas are a major functional abnormality in schizophrenic patients. does a single subanesthetic dose of ket ... | 2008 | 18022604 |
| processing of tactile information by the hippocampus. | the ability to detect unusual events occurring in the environment is essential for survival. several studies have pointed to the hippocampus as a key brain structure in novelty detection, a claim substantiated by its wide access to sensory information through the entorhinal cortex and also distinct aspects of its intrinsic circuitry. novelty detection is implemented by an associative match-mismatch algorithm involving the ca1 and ca3 hippocampal subfields that compares the stream of sensory inpu ... | 2007 | 17989221 |
| lithium affects rem sleep occurrence, autonomic activity and brain second messengers in the rat. | the effects of a single intraperitoneal administration of lithium, a drug used to prevent the recurrence of mania in bipolar disorders, were determined in the rat by studying changes in: (i) the wake-sleep cycle; (ii) autonomic parameters (hypothalamic and tail temperature, heart rate); (iii) the capacity to accumulate camp and ip(3) in the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic region (po-ah) and in the cerebral cortex (cc) under an hypoxic stimulation at normal laboratory and at low ambient temperatur ... | 2008 | 17964671 |
| a new animal model of infantile spasms with unprovoked persistent seizures. | infantile spasms is one of the most severe epileptic syndromes of infancy and early childhood. progress toward understanding the pathophysiology of this disorder and the development of effective therapies has been hindered by the lack of a relevant animal model. we report here the creation of such a model. | 2008 | 17941850 |
| up-regulated neuronal cox-2 expression after cortical spreading depression is involved in non-rem sleep induction in rats. | cortical spreading depression is an excitatory wave of depolarization spreading throughout cerebral cortex at a rate of 2-5 mm/min and has been implicated in various neurological disorders, such as epilepsy, migraine aura, and trauma. although sleepiness or sleep is often induced by these neurological disorders, the cellular and molecular mechanism has remained unclear. to investigate whether and how the sleep-wake behavior is altered by such aberrant brain activity, we induced cortical spreadin ... | 2008 | 17929312 |
| involvement of central histaminergic systems in modafinil-induced but not methylphenidate-induced increases in locomotor activity in rats. | modafinil is a novel wake-promoting drug used for the treatment of narcolepsy, the mechanism of action of which remains unclear. previous studies have shown that modafinil produces a different pattern of c-fos activation in the brain to the classical stimulants amphetamine and methylphenidate. modafinil, given i.p. to urethane-anesthetized rats, is associated with an increase in histamine release from the anterior hypothalamus, indicating that its behavioral actions may involve histaminergic sys ... | 2008 | 17920581 |
| effects of urocortin, corticotropin-releasing factor (crf) receptor agonist, and astressin, crf receptor antagonist, on the sleep-wake pattern: analysis by radiotelemetry in conscious rats. | stress has been known to release corticotropin-releasing factor (crf) and have an affect on sleep-wake patterns. however, there is no direct evidence of crf receptor agonist and antagonist on sleep-wake patterns. therefore, this study aimed to clarify this point by using radiotelemetry system in conscious rats. wake, non-rapid eye-moving (nrem) sleep and rapid eye-moving (rem) sleep were analyzed by computer software, simultaneously measuring electroencephalogram and electromyogram. in the light ... | 2007 | 17917258 |
| bv8/prokineticin proteins and their receptors. | the bv8/prokineticins (pks) are a new family of peptides identified in frog, fish, reptiles and mammals that signal through two highly homologous g-protein coupled receptors, pkr1 and pkr2. bv8/pk proteins possess a unique structural motif comprising five disulfide bonds and a completely conserved n-terminal hexapeptide sequence that is essential for the peptide's biological activities. over the past few years, several biological functions of bv8/pk proteins have been elucidated. this review con ... | 2007 | 17881008 |
| [effect of santalol on the sleep-wake cycle in sleep-disturbed rats]. | sandalwood oil is widely used in aromatherapy for alleviating various symptoms. santalol, a major component of sandalwood oil, has been reported to have central nervous system depressant effects such as sedation. in the present study, we investigated the effect of santalol on the sleep-wake cycle in sleep-disturbed rats. when inhaled at a concentration of 5 x 10(-2) ppm, santalol caused a significant decrease in total waking time and an increase in total non-rapid eye movement (nrem) sleep time. ... | 2007 | 17879595 |
| interleukin-1 inhibits firing of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus and enhances gabaergic inhibitory post-synaptic potentials. | in vitro electrophysiological data suggest that interleukin-1 may promote non-rapid eye movement sleep by inhibiting spontaneous firing of wake-active serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (drn). interleukin-1 enhances gaba inhibitory effects. drn neurons are under an inhibitory gabaergic control. this study aimed to test the hypothesis that interleukin-1 inhibits drn serotonergic neurons by potentiating gabaergic inhibitory effects. in vitro intracellular recordings were performed to ... | 2007 | 17868373 |
| pharmacological characterization of jnj-28583867, a histamine h(3) receptor antagonist and serotonin reuptake inhibitor. | wake-promoting agents such as modafinil are used in the clinic as adjuncts to antidepressant therapy in order to alleviate lethargy. the wake-promoting action of histamine h(3) receptor antagonists has been evidenced in numerous animal studies. they may therefore be a viable strategy for use as an antidepressant therapy in conjunction with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. jnj-28583867 (2-methyl-4-(4-methylsulfanyl-phenyl)-7-(3-morpholin-4-yl-propoxy)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline) is a ... | 2007 | 17765221 |
| serotonergic raphe magnus cell discharge reflects ongoing autonomic and respiratory activities. | serotonergic cells are located in a restricted number of brain stem nuclei, send projections to virtually all parts of the cns, and are critical to normal brain function. they discharge tonically at a rate modulated by the sleep-wake cycle and, in the case of medullary serotonergic cells in raphe magnus and the adjacent reticular formation (rm), are excited by cold challenge. yet, beyond behavioral state and cold, endogenous factors that influence serotonergic cell discharge remain largely myste ... | 2007 | 17715191 |
| the brain 5-ht1a receptor gene expression in hibernation. | hibernation is a unique physiological state characterized by profound reversible sleep-like state, depression in body temperature and metabolism. the serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine(1a) (5-ht(1a)) receptor gene sequence in typical seasonal hibernator, ground squirrel (spermophilus undulatus), was specified. it was found that the fragment encoding the fifth transmembrane domain showed 93.6% of homology with the analogous fragment of the mouse and rat genes and displayed 88.5% homology with the huma ... | 2008 | 17711450 |
| scientific evidence for a fixed extract combination (ze 91019) from valerian and hops traditionally used as a sleep-inducing aid. | valerian and hops are traditionally used as sleep-inducing aids. alertness reduces gradually with the prolongation of wakefulness through the release of endogenous adenosine in the frontal basal cortex. valerian has an adenosine-like action and supports the readiness to fall asleep. the control of the sleep-wake rhythm induces sleep when the time-related interaction is operating properly. the control is closely related to endogenous melatonin secretion. hops act in a similar way to melatonin. th ... | 2007 | 17704989 |
| sleep homeostasis in the rat in the light and dark period. | sleep is regulated by the interaction of a homeostatic (process s) and a circadian component. the duration of prior wakefulness is the main factor influencing subsequent sleep duration and its intensity. we investigated in the rat whether the sleep-wake history before sleep deprivation (sd) contributes to the effects of sleep loss incurred during the sd. a 24-h baseline recording was followed by 6 h sd at light onset (sd-light, n=7), or at dark onset (sd-dark, n=8) and 18 h recovery. both sds le ... | 2007 | 17683787 |
| schizophrenia, hypocretin (orexin), and the thalamocortical activating system. | diminished connectivity between midline-intralaminar thalamic nuclei and prefrontal cortex has been suggested to contribute to cognitive deficits that are detectable even in early stages of schizophrenia. the midline-intralaminar relay cells comprise the final link in the ascending arousal pathway and are selectively excited by the wake-promoting peptides hypocretin 1 and 2 (orexin a and b). this excitation occurs both at the level of the relay cell bodies and their axon terminals within prefron ... | 2007 | 17656637 |
| the relationship between anxiety and sleep-wake behavior after stressor exposure in the rat. | disturbed sleep is a common subjective complaint among individuals diagnosed with anxiety disorders. in rodents, sleep is often recorded after exposure to various foot-shock paradigms designed to induce an anxiety state. although differences in sleep-wake architecture are noted, the relationship to specific level of anxiety is often assumed or absent. utilizing the elevated plus-maze (epm) after exposure to escapable shock (es), inescapable shock (is) or fear conditioning (fc), resulting differe ... | 2007 | 17644077 |
| neonatal rem sleep is regulated by corticotropin releasing factor. | sleep/wake regulation is quite different during the neonatal and adult periods. although cholinergic neurons have been recognized to be the major source of rapid eye movement (rem) sleep regulation in adulthood, their effect on neonatal rem sleep remains to be discovered. current evidence suggests that corticotropin-releasing factor (crf) may play a role in rem promotion during the neonatal period. we conducted the following study to test our hypothesis that blocking crf r1 receptor would reduce ... | 2007 | 17588683 |
| a comparative analysis of the distribution of immunoreactive orexin a and b in the brains of nocturnal and diurnal rodents. | the orexins (hypocretins) are a family of peptides found primarily in neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. although the orexinergic system is generally thought to be the same across species, the orexins are involved in behaviors which show considerable interspecific variability. there are few direct cross-species comparisons of the distributions of cells and fibers containing these peptides. here, we addressed the possibility that there might be important species differences by systematically ex ... | 2007 | 17567902 |
| the role of the substantia nigra pars compacta in regulating sleep patterns in rats. | as of late, dopaminergic neurotransmission has been recognized to be involved in the generation of sleep disturbances. increasing evidence shows that sleep disturbances in parkinson's disease (pd) patients are mostly related to the disease itself, rather than being a secondary phenomenon. evidence contained in the literature lends support to the hypothesis that the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway is closely involved in the regulation of sleep patterns. | 2007 | 17551593 |
| repeated sleep restriction in rats leads to homeostatic and allostatic responses during recovery sleep. | recent studies indicate that chronic sleep restriction can have negative consequences for brain function and peripheral physiology and can contribute to the allostatic load throughout the body. interestingly, few studies have examined how the sleep-wake system itself responds to repeated sleep restriction. in this study, rats were subjected to a sleep-restriction protocol consisting of 20 h of sleep deprivation (sd) followed by a 4-h sleep opportunity each day for 5 consecutive days. in response ... | 2007 | 17548824 |
| interleukin-1beta mediates sleep alteration in rats with rotenone-induced parkinsonism. | recently, the pathogenesis of parkinson disease (pd) has been focused on microglial activation, especially the subsequent increase of cytokines. a body of clinical evidence suggests that sleep is altered in patients with pd; however, there is a lack of understanding of the basic cellular mechanism. this study was designed to elucidate the influence of brain interleukin (il)-1beta on sleep changes, in addition to the dopaminergic and gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba)-ergic systems, in an animal pd m ... | 2007 | 17520785 |
| improved sleep-wake and behavior discrimination using mems accelerometers. | state of vigilance is determined by behavioral observations and electrophysiological activity. here, we improve automatic state of vigilance discrimination by combining head acceleration with eeg measures. we incorporated biaxial dc-sensitive microelectromechanical system (mems) accelerometers into head-mounted preamplifiers in rodents. epochs (15s) of behavioral video and eeg data formed training sets for the following states: slow wave sleep, rapid eye movement sleep, quiet wakefulness, feedin ... | 2007 | 17481736 |
| brain orexins and wake regulation in rats exposed to maternal deprivation. | maternal deprivation (md) is a neonatal stressor that leads to behavioral and molecular manifestations of chronic stress in adulthood. recent evidence has suggested that stress may impact wake regulation through corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh) and the orexinergic system. we studied the wake/sleep features and brain levels of orexin and orexin receptors in adult rats neonatally subjected to either ten days of md or a control procedure from postnatal day 4. at 3 months of age, one set of rat ... | 2007 | 17466285 |
| central and baroreflex control of heart period during the wake-sleep cycle in spontaneously hypertensive rats. | we investigated whether the relative contribution of the baroreflex and central commands to the control of heart period differs between spontaneously hypertensive rats (shr) and wistar-kyoto normotensive rats (wky) during physiological behavior. rats were instrumented with an arterial catheter and with electrodes for discriminating wakefulness, nonrapid eye movement sleep (nrems), and rapid eye movement sleep (rems). the cross-correlation function (ccf) between spontaneous fluctuations of heart ... | 2007 | 17459912 |
| time- and dose-related effects of three 5-ht receptor ligands on the genioglossus activity in anesthetized and conscious rats. | clinical trials in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients reported moderate effects of serotoninergic drugs on oropharyngeal apneas, although numerous specific 5-ht ligands highly modulate the genioglossus muscle (gg) activity in experiments performed in anesthetized animals. the purpose of this study was to investigate time- and dose-related effects of central and systemic injections of 8-ohdpat (5-ht1a agonist), sb224289 (5-ht1b antagonist), and doi (5-ht2a/2c agonist) on the gg activity in ... | 2007 | 17457631 |
| circadian desynchronization of core body temperature and sleep stages in the rat. | proper functioning of the human circadian timing system is crucial to physical and mental health. much of what we know about this system is based on experimental protocols that induce the desynchronization of behavioral and physiological rhythms within individual subjects, but the neural (or extraneural) substrates for such desynchronization are unknown. we have developed an animal model of human internal desynchrony in which rats are exposed to artificially short (22-h) light-dark cycles. under ... | 2007 | 17452631 |
| effects of cox-2 inhibitor in temporomandibular joint acute inflammation. | since it is recognized that cyclo-oxygenase-2 mediates nociception and the sleep-wake cycle as well, and that acute inflammation of the temporomandibular joint (tmj) results in sleep disturbances, we hypothesized that cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor would restore the sleep pattern in this inflammatory rat model. first, sleep was monitored after the injection of freund's adjuvant (fa group) or saline (sham group) into the rats' temporomandibular joint. second, etoricoxib was co-administered in these ... | 2007 | 17452571 |
| effect of basal forebrain neuropeptide y administration on sleep and spontaneous behavior in freely moving rats. | neuropeptide y (npy) is present both in local neurons as well as in fibers in the basal forebrain (bf), an area that plays an important role in the regulation of cortical activation. in our previous experiments in anaesthetized rats, significant eeg changes were found after npy injections to bf. eeg delta power increased while power in theta, alpha, and beta range decreased. the aim of the present experiments was to determine whether npy infusion to bf can modulate sleep and behavior in freely m ... | 2007 | 17452289 |
| hypoglycemia activates arousal-related neurons and increases wake time in adult rats. | hypoglycemia resulting from excess of exogenous or endogenous insulin elicits central nervous system activation that contributes to counterregulatory hormone secretion. in adult humans without diabetes, hypoglycemia occurring during sleep usually produces cortical activation with awakening. however, in adult humans with type 1 diabetes, hypoglycemic arousal appears blunted or absent. we hypothesized that insulin injection sufficient to produce hypoglycemia would induce awakening in adult male ra ... | 2007 | 17434543 |
| effects of ageing on the fine distribution of the circadian clock protein in reticular formation neurons. | many biochemical, physiological and behavioural processes, from bacteria to human, exhibit roughly 24 h cyclic oscillations defined as circadian rhythms. however, during ageing, numerous aspects of the circadian biology undergo alterations; in particular, the sleep pattern changes, with more frequent awakenings and shorter sleep time. the basic mechanism of the circadian clock relies on intracellular molecular pathways involving interlocking transcriptional/translational feedback loops, and cloc ... | 2007 | 17415583 |
| spontaneous sleep and homeostatic sleep regulation in ghrelin knockout mice. | ghrelin is well known for its feeding and growth hormone-releasing actions. it may also be involved in sleep regulation; intracerebroventricular administration and hypothalamic microinjections of ghrelin stimulate wakefulness in rats. hypothalamic ghrelin, together with neuropeptide y and orexin form a food intake-regulatory circuit. we hypothesized that this circuit also promotes arousal. to further investigate the role of ghrelin in the regulation of sleep-wakefulness, we characterized spontan ... | 2007 | 17409264 |
| neural prosthesis in the wake of nanotechnology: controlled growth of neurons using surface nanostructures. | neural prosthesis has been successfully applied to patients with motional or sensory disabilities for clinical purpose. to enhance the performance of the neural prosthetic device, the electrodes for the biosignal recording or electrical stimulation should be located in closer proximity to target neurons than they are now. instead of revising the prior implanting surgery to improve the electrical contact of neurons, we propose a technique that can bring the neurons closer to the electrode sites. ... | 2006 | 17370781 |
| effects of the fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor urb597 on the sleep-wake cycle, c-fos expression and dopamine levels of the rat. | our group has described previously that the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide induces sleep. the hydrolysis of this lipid involves the activity of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (faah), which additionally catalyzes the degradation of the satiety factor oleoylethanolamide and the analgesic-inducing lipid palmitoylethanolamide. it has been demonstrated that the inhibition of the faah by urb597 increases levels of anandamide, oleoylethanolamide and palmitoylethanolamide in the brain of rats. in ord ... | 2007 | 17336288 |
| genioglossus muscle activity and serotonergic modulation of hypoglossal motor output in obese zucker rats. | obese zucker rats have a narrower and more collapsible upper airway compared with lean controls, similar to obstructive sleep apnea (osa) patients. genioglossus (gg) muscle activity is augmented in awake osa patients to compensate for airway narrowing, but the neural control of gg activity in obese zucker rats has not been investigated to determine whether such neuromuscular compensation also occurs. this study tests the hypotheses that gg activity is augmented in obese zucker rats compared with ... | 2007 | 17332267 |
| the median preoptic nucleus reciprocally modulates activity of arousal-related and sleep-related neurons in the perifornical lateral hypothalamus. | the perifornical-lateral hypothalamic area (pf/lh) contains neuronal groups playing an important role in control of waking and sleep. among the brain regions that regulate behavioral states, one of the strongest sources of projections to the pf/lh is the median preoptic nucleus (mnpn) containing a sleep-active neuronal population. to evaluate the role of mnpn afferents in the control of pf/lh neuronal activity, we studied the responses of pf/lh cells to electrical stimulation or local chemical m ... | 2007 | 17301170 |
| effects of some h1-antagonists on the sleep-wake cycle in sleep-disturbed rats. | the present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of some h(1)-antagonists on the sleep-wake cycle in sleep-disturbed rats in comparison with those of nitrazepam. electrodes were chronically implanted into the frontal cortex and the dorsal neck muscle of rats for the electroencephalogram (eeg) and electromyogram (emg), respectively. eeg and emg were recorded with an electroencephalograph. sleepsign ver. 2.0 was used for eeg and emg analysis. the total times of waking, non-rapid eye mov ... | 2007 | 17287588 |
| propionate increases neuronal histone acetylation, but is metabolized oxidatively by glia. relevance for propionic acidemia. | in propionic acidemia, propionate acts as a metabolic toxin in liver cells by accumulating in mitochondria as propionyl-coa and its derivative, methylcitrate, two tricarboxylic acid cycle inhibitors. little is known about the cerebral metabolism of propionate, although clinical effects of propionic acidemia are largely neurological. we found that propionate was metabolized oxidatively by glia: [3-(14)c]propionate injected into mouse striatum or cortex, gave a specific activity of glutamine that ... | 2007 | 17286595 |
| developmental divergence of sleep-wake patterns in orexin knockout and wild-type mice. | narcolepsy, a disorder characterized by fragmented bouts of sleep and wakefulness during the day and night as well as cataplexy, has been linked in humans and nonhuman animals to the functional integrity of the orexinergic system. adult orexin knockout mice and dogs with a mutation of the orexin receptor exhibit symptoms that mirror those seen in narcoleptic humans. as with narcolepsy, infant sleep-wake cycles in humans and rats are highly fragmented, with consolidated bouts of sleep and wakeful ... | 2007 | 17284193 |
| influence of time-varying magnetic field on the release of neurotransmitters in raphe nuclei of rats. | a specially-designed time-varying magnetic field was developed to treat insomnia. clinical results showed that this method could shorten the time to go to sleep and prolong the sleep duration. however, the mechanism of this method is still not well understood. in this study, the effect of magnetic stimulation on the release of serotonin (5-ht), noradrenaline (ne), dopamine (da) in raphe nuclei of rats, which are known to play an important role in the sleep-wake regulation, was investigated. it w ... | 2005 | 17281685 |
| involvement of nitric oxide in cocaine-induced erections and ejaculations after paradoxical sleep deprivation. | as nitric oxide (no) is involved in penile erectile (pe) function and also influences the sleep-wake cycle, we speculated that no could play a role in pe and ejaculation of paradonical sleep deprivation (psd) rats. | 2007 | 17276569 |
| effect of valerian extract preparation (bim) on the sleep-wake cycle in rats. | in the present study, we studied the effect of valerian extract preparation (bim) containing valerian extract, golden root (rhodiola rosea l.) extract and l-theanine (gamma-glutamylethylamide) on the sleep-wake cycle using sleep-disturbed model rats in comparison with that of valerian extract. a significant shortening in sleep latency was observed with valerian extract and the bim at a dose of 1000 mg/kg. on the other hand, valerian extract and the bim caused no significant effects on total time ... | 2007 | 17268081 |
| promotion of sleep by targeting the orexin system in rats, dogs and humans. | orexins are hypothalamic peptides that play an important role in maintaining wakefulness in mammals. permanent deficit in orexinergic function is a pathophysiological hallmark of rodent, canine and human narcolepsy. here we report that in rats, dogs and humans, somnolence is induced by pharmacological blockade of both orexin ox(1) and ox(2) receptors. when administered orally during the active period of the circadian cycle, a dual antagonist increased, in rats, electrophysiological indices of bo ... | 2007 | 17259994 |
| [orexins and pain processing]. | orexin-a and orexin-b are hypothalamic peptides and regulate feeding behavior, energy metabolism and the sleep-wake cycle. orexin-a binds equally to both orexin-1 and orexin-2 receptors, while orexin-b has a preferential affinity for orexin-2 receptors. orexin-a and orexin-b are concentrated in superficial laminae of the spinal dorsal horn, and orexin-a and orexin-1 receptors are found in the dorsal root ganglion cells. intravenous injection of orexin-a produces an anti-thermal hyperalgesic effe ... | 2007 | 17243644 |
| [orexinergic neurons and noradrenergic awakening system in general anesthesia]. | the sleep-wake cycle is regulated by interaction between monoaminergic, cholinergic and gabaergic neuronal activities. monoaminergic neurons including noradrenergic (locus coeruleus: lc), histaminergic (tuberomammillary nucleus) and serotonergic (raphe nuclei) neurons projected diffusely to the cerebrocortex, thalamus and brainstem are known as the center of sleep regulation. interestingly, although the cell bodies displaying prepro-orexin (prepro-ox) immunoreactivity are limited to the hypothal ... | 2007 | 17243641 |
| effects of serotonin on perifornical-lateral hypothalamic area neurons in rat. | the hypocretin (hcrt) system of the perifornical-lateral hypothalamic area (pf-lha) has been implicated in the facilitation of behavioral arousal. hcrt neurons receive serotonergic afferents from the dorsal raphe nucleus. although in-vitro pharmacological studies suggest that serotonin (5-ht) inhibits hcrt neurons, the in-vivo effects of 5-ht on hcrt neurons in the pf-lha and associated behavioral changes have not been described. we examined the effects of 5-ht delivered locally into the pf-lha ... | 2007 | 17241281 |
| evidence for electrical coupling in the subcoeruleus (subc) nucleus. | subcoeruleus (subc) neurons, which are thought to modulate rapid-eye-movement (rem) sleep, were recorded in brain stem slices from 7- to 20-day rats and found to manifest spikelets, indicative of electrical coupling. spikelets occurred spontaneously or could be induced by superfusion of the cholinergic agonist carbachol. whole cell recordings revealed that carbachol induced membrane oscillations and spikelets in the theta frequency range in subc neurons in the presence of fast synaptic blockers. ... | 2007 | 17215497 |
| extra-auditory effects of noise in laboratory animals: the relationship between noise and sleep. | noise has both auditory and extra-auditory effects. some of the most deleterious extra-auditory effects of noise are those leading to sleep disturbances. these disturbances seem to be related to both endogenous (physical parameters) and exogenous (sex, age) factors of noise. despite correlative relations between noise level and awakenings, the scientific community has not reached consensus regarding a specific action of these factors on the different sleep stages. in animal research, 2 complemen ... | 2007 | 17203914 |
| changes in extracellular glutamate levels in rat orbitofrontal cortex during sleep and wakefulness. | functional neuroimaging studies have shown that limbic and paralimbic areas display increased activity during rem sleep when compared to wakefulness. this increase in limbic activity is specific to the rem period of sleep. pet scanners do not provide a neurochemical explanation for this increased activity during rem sleep. in order to better understand the neurochemical basis of this increase, extracellular glutamate levels were measured in the rat orbitofrontal cortex during the stages of sleep ... | 2007 | 17174723 |
| mesopontine cholinergic projections to the hypoglossal motor nucleus. | mesopontine cholinergic (ach) neurons have increased discharge during wakefulness, rapid eye movement (rem) sleep, or both. hypoglossal (12) motoneurons, which play an important role in the control of upper airway patency, are postsynaptically excited by stimulation of nicotinic receptors, whereas muscarinic receptors presynaptically inhibit inputs to 12 motoneurons. these data suggest that ach contributes to sleep/wake-related changes in the activity of 12 motoneurons by acting within the hypog ... | 2007 | 17174027 |
| midfrequency cortico-thalamic oscillations and the sleep cycle: genetic, time of day and age effects. | wag/rij rats have various types of mid frequency cortico-thalamic oscillations, such as anterior and posterior sleep spindles and two types of spike-wave discharges (swd). the generalized swd (type i) preferentially occur at transitions from wake to sleep, type ii can be found at the occipital cortex during quite wakefulness. in the present experiment sleep spindles, swd and sleep cycle characteristics of 6-month-old wag/rij rats were studied and compared with those of younger wag/rij rats with ... | 2007 | 17156975 |
| gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) receptor mediates suanzaorentang, a traditional chinese herb remedy, -induced sleep alteration. | the sedative-hypnotic medications, including benzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepines, are the most common treatments for insomnia. however, concerns regarding patterns of inappropriate use, dependence and adverse effects have led to caution in prescribing those sedative-hypnotic medications. on the other hand, a traditional chinese herb remedy, suanzaorentang, has been efficiently and widely used in clinic for insomnia relief without severe side effects in asia. although suanzaorentang has been ... | 2007 | 17151826 |
| prominent burst firing of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area during paradoxical sleep. | dopamine is involved in motivation, memory, and reward processing. however, it is not clear whether the activity of dopamine neurons is related or not to vigilance states. using unit recordings in unanesthetized head restrained rats we measured the firing pattern of dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area across the sleep-wake cycle. we found these cells were activated during paradoxical sleep (ps) via a clear switch to a prominent bursting pattern, which is known to induce large synaptic ... | 2007 | 17151599 |
| distinct patterns of striatal medium spiny neuron activity during the natural sleep-wake cycle. | striatal medium-sized spiny neurons (msns) integrate and convey information from the cerebral cortex to the output nuclei of the basal ganglia. intracellular recordings from anesthetized animals show that msns undergo spontaneous transitions between hyperpolarized and depolarized states. state transitions, regarded as necessary for eliciting action potential firing in msns, are thought to control basal ganglia function by shaping striatal output. here, we use an anesthetic-free rat preparation t ... | 2006 | 17135420 |
| armodafinil, the r-enantiomer of modafinil: wake-promoting effects and pharmacokinetic profile in the rat. | modafinil reduces the excessive sleepiness associated with narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome, and shift work sleep disorder. in rats, modafinil promotes dose-dependent increases in wake duration. the wake-promoting activity of the r-enantiomer of modafinil (armodafinil) was evaluated in wky rats and compared to the classical stimulant, d-methamphetamine. electroencephalographic and electromyographic signals were assessed via a tethered cranial implant. body temperature and lo ... | 2006 | 17134745 |
| sedative and hypnotic activities of the ethanol fraction from fructus schisandrae in mice and rats. | fruits of fructus schisandrae have been used as medicine for the treatment for insomnia in traditional chinese medicine. in the present research, the sedative and hypnotic activities of the ethanol fraction of fructus schisandrae fruit (sy3) were studied in mice and rats. in the open field test, sy3 (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the motor activity of mice compared to the normal. results also showed sy3 potentiated pentobarbital-induced sleep by not only increasing the number of ... | 2007 | 17127021 |
| impact of proestrous milieu on expression of orexin receptors and prepro-orexin in rat hypothalamus and hypophysis: actions of cetrorelix and nembutal. | orexins and their receptors ox1 and ox2 regulate energy balance and the sleep-wake cycle. we studied the expression of prepro-orexin (ppo), ox1, and ox2 in brain and pituitary under the influence of the hormonal status in adult rats. primarily, ppo, ox1, and ox2 expression was determined in sprague-dawley female cycling rats during proestrus and in males. animals were killed at 2-h intervals. anterior (ah) and mediobasal (mbh) hypothalamus, anterior pituitary (p), and frontoparietal cortex (cc) ... | 2007 | 17122088 |
| relationship between the perifornical hypothalamic area and oral pontine reticular nucleus in the rat. possible implication of the hypocretinergic projection in the control of rapid eye movement sleep. | the perifornical (pef) area in the posterior lateral hypothalamus has been implicated in several physiological functions including the regulation of sleep-wakefulness. some pef neurons, which contain hypocretin, have been suggested to play an important role in sleep-wake regulation. the aim of the present study was to examine the effect of the pef area and hypocretin on the electrophysiological activity of neurons of the oral pontine reticular nucleus (pno), which is an important structure in th ... | 2006 | 17116163 |
| lipocalin-type prostaglandin d synthase produces prostaglandin d2 involved in regulation of physiological sleep. | prostaglandin (pg) d2 has been proposed to be essential for the initiation and maintenance of the physiological sleep of rats because intracerebroventricular administration of selenium tetrachloride (secl4), a selective inhibitor of pgd synthase (pgds), was shown to reduce promptly and effectively the amounts of sleep during the period of infusion. however, gene knockout (ko) mice of pgds and prostaglandin d receptor (dp1r) showed essentially the same circadian profiles and daily amounts of slee ... | 2006 | 17093043 |
| effect of the beta3 adrenoceptor agonist cl 316243 on hypothalamic 5-ht synthesis and suppression of rem sleep in the rat. | beta3 adrenoceptor agonists show an antidepressant-like profile in preclinical rodent assays and improve mood in clinically-obese patients. these observations suggest a possible antidepressant utility for beta3 adrenoceptor agonists. the present study examined the effects of acute and chronic administration of the beta3 adrenoceptor agonist cl 316243 on two physiological indicators of antidepressant activity in the rat: hypothalamic 5-ht synthesis and suppression of rem sleep. 5-ht synthesis was ... | 2007 | 17092981 |
| sleep, temperature, activity, and prolactin phenotypes of genetically epilepsy-prone rats. | sleep-wake disturbances are common in epilepsy, yet the potential adverse effect of seizures on sleep is not well characterized. genetically epilepsy-prone rats (geprs) are a well-studied model of genetic susceptibility to audiogenic seizures. to assess their suitability for investigating relationships between seizures and disordered sleep, we characterized the sleep, activity, and tempera ture patterns of 2 gepr strains (designated 3 and 9) and sprague-dawley (sd) rats in the basal state, after ... | 2006 | 17069025 |
| circadian regulation of arousal: role of the noradrenergic locus coeruleus system and light exposure. | noradrenergic locus coeruleus (lc) neurons regulate arousal. previous studies have shown that noradrenergic lc neurons exhibit a circadian rhythm in impulse activity, which peaks during the active period. this is mediated by an indirect circuit projection from the suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn) to the lc. here we sought to evaluate the hypothesis that the lc regulates the circadian properties of the sleep-wake cycle. | 2006 | 17068987 |
| innervation of orexin/hypocretin neurons by gabaergic, glutamatergic or cholinergic basal forebrain terminals evidenced by immunostaining for presynaptic vesicular transporter and postsynaptic scaffolding proteins. | orexin/hypocretin (orx) neurons are critical for the maintenance of waking in association with behavioral arousal and postural muscle tone, since with their loss narcolepsy with cataplexy occurs. given that basal forebrain (bf) neurons project to the hypothalamus and play important diverse roles in sleep/wake states, we sought to determine whether acetylcholine (ach), glutamate (glu), and/or gaba-releasing bf neurons innervate and could thereby differentially regulate the orx neurons. from discr ... | 2006 | 17029265 |
| monoaminergic system lesions increase post-sigh respiratory pattern disturbance during sleep in rats. | monoamines are important regulators of behavioral state and respiratory pattern, and the impact of monoaminergic control during sleep is of particular interest for the stability of breathing regulation. the aim of this study was to test the effects of systemically induced chemical lesions to noradrenergic and serotonergic efferent systems, on the expression of sleep-wake states, pontine wave activity, and sleep-related respiratory pattern and its variability. in chronically instrumented male adu ... | 2007 | 16989875 |
| inducible and neuronal nitric oxide synthases (nos) have complementary roles in recovery sleep induction. | sleep homeostasis is the process by which recovery sleep is generated by prolonged wakefulness. the molecular mechanisms underlying this important phenomenon are poorly understood. we have previously shown that nitric oxide (no) generation increases in the basal forebrain (bf) during sleep deprivation (sd). moreover, both no synthase (nos) inhibition and a no scavenger prevented recovery sleep induction, while administration of a no donor during the spontaneous sleep-wake cycle increased sleep, ... | 2006 | 16987226 |