Publications

population-based surveillance for childhood invasive pneumococcal disease in the era of conjugate vaccine.	heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was licensed in the united states in february 2000 and, following national guidelines, universally distributed in massachusetts starting in july 2000 to children younger than 2 years of age and selected children 2-5 years of age. we performed statewide surveillance for all cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (ipd) in children younger than 18 years of age to determine risk features and contribution of vaccine failure to ongoing pneumococcal invasive d ...	2005	15665705
evidence for a gene influencing haematocrit on chromosome 6q23-24: genomewide scan in the framingham heart study.		2005	15635079
genome-wide linkage analysis to urinary microalbuminuria in a community-based sample: the framingham heart study.	microalbuminuria is a powerful risk factor for cardiovascular disease. it is not known whether genetic factors play a role in the expression of microalbuminuria in population-based samples.	2005	15610229
america's gulag archipelago.		2004	15575051
genotypic diversity of francisella tularensis infecting dermacentor variabilis ticks on martha's vineyard, massachusetts.	martha's vineyard, mass., has been the site of two outbreaks of tularemia (1978 and 2000). although most patients from both outbreaks presented with pneumonic disease and although aerosol transmission has been suggested, the bite of a dog tick and exposure to rabbits remain the only proven modes of transmission. the factors that precipitated the tularemia outbreaks or the proximal determinants of human risk remain undescribed. we sought to test the hypothesis that the ongoing outbreak is due to ...	2004	15528681
the first successful renal graft in man.		2004	15524345
using ecological risk assessment to identify the major anthropogenic stressor in the waquoit bay watershed, cape cod, massachusetts.	the waquoit bay watershed ecological risk assessment was performed by an interdisciplinary and interagency workgroup. this paper focuses on the steps taken to formulate the analysis plan for this watershed assessment. the workgroup initially conducted a series of meetings with the general public and local and state managers to determine environmental management objectives for the watershed. the workgroup then decided that more information was needed on the impacts of six stressors: nutrient enri ...	2004	15503390
mutant, wild type, or overall p53 expression: freedom from clinical progression in tumours of astrocytic lineage.	abnormalities of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene are found in a significant proportion of astrocytic brain tumours. we studied tumour specimens from 74 patients evaluated over 20 years at the massachusetts general hospital, where clinical outcome could be determined and sufficient pathologic material was available for immunostaining. p53 expression studies employed an affinity-purified p53 monoclonal antibody, whose specificity was verified in absorption studies and, in a minority of cases, a seco ...	2004	15494720
aids vaccines: balancing human rights with public health.		2003	15378822
community-based, acute posttraumatic stress management: a description and evaluation of a psychosocial-intervention continuum.	much of today's psychological trauma can be identified as resulting from sudden and seemingly random events, and particularly from events that involve the loss of human life. this article presents a perspective on how behavioral health providers may approach the design, development, and implementation of community-based psychological trauma interventions. these interventions allow those community members most affected by the trauma to play a central role in the resolution of, and community adapt ...	2004	15371064
validation of the late-life function and disability instrument.	to assess the concurrent and predictive validity of the late-life function and disability instrument (llfdi).	2004	15341561
ethnic differences of polymorphisms in cytokine and innate immune system genes in pregnant women.	investigations of the possible role of polymorphic genes in pregnancy outcome may be influenced by ethnic variations in genotype or allele frequencies. differences in allelic carriage of immune system-related genes among white, black, and hispanic pregnant women living in new york city and boston were evaluated.	2004	15292002
hartford hospital surgeons share publicity with robot 'assistants.'.	hartford hospital, hartford, conn. finds some patients gravitate to boston or new york city for high-tech procedures. being the first connecticut hospital with the davinci robotic surgery system, it developed an advertising campaign emphasizing high-tech surgery with the human touch. hartford also broadcast a robotic prostatectomy on its popular live webcast series.	2004	15291437
child custody determinations in cases involving intimate partner violence: a human rights analysis.	intimate partner violence and child abuse are recognized both as public health concerns and as violations of human rights, but related government actions and inactions are rarely documented as human rights violations in the united states. men who abuse female partners are also highly likely to abuse the children of these women. however, family courts are reported to often ignore risks posed by abusive men in awarding child custody and visitation. battered women involved in child custody litigati ...	2004	15249297
ergonomics: the impact of an intervention for lifting hazards during installation of overhead electrical conduit.		2004	15238321
mitochondrial genome mutations in hypertensive individuals.	human essential hypertension (htn), a polygenic, multifactorial, and highly heterogeneous disorder of unknown etiology, has been shown to have excess maternal transmission in several studies, suggesting a possible mitochondrial involvement. in an effort to assess the contribution of the mitochondrial genome to htn we initiated a systematic, extended screening of hypertensive individuals to identify potentially pathogenic mtdna mutations. we applied our newly developed novel class of tests for th ...	2004	15233983
human experimentation at the brink of life.		2001	15233133
voluntary hiv testing as part of routine medical care--massachusetts, 2002.	in 2003, cdc released advancing hiv prevention: new strategies for a changing epidemic. one of the four strategies of this initiative is to expand routine, voluntary human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) testing. this report describes the results of a state-funded program in massachusetts that offered hiv counseling, testing, and referral (hiv ctr) to patients entering one of four hospital-associated urgent care centers. among the 3,068 patients tested, the program identified an hiv seroprevalence ...	2004	15215739
human metapneumovirus in children tested at a tertiary-care hospital.	respiratory infections are the leading cause of outpatient visits in the united states, but the etiology of many of these infections is unknown. human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a recently discovered virus that causes respiratory infections.	2004	15195239
genetic evaluation of a proposed introduction: the case of the greater prairie chicken and the extinct heath hen.	population introduction is an important tool for ecosystem restoration. however, before introductions should be conducted, it is important to evaluate the genetic, phenotypic and ecological suitability of possible replacement populations. careful genetic analysis is particularly important if it is suspected that the extirpated population was unique or genetically divergent. on the island of martha's vineyard, massachusetts, the introduction of greater prairie chickens (tympanuchus cupido pinnatu ...	2004	15189201
governing population genomics: law, bioethics, and biopolitics in three case studies.	existing scholarship on population genomics has only superficially addressed issues of power and political process. accordingly, questions of politics and governance pervade the analysis of three population genomics case studies that follow: the human genome diversity project, iceland's health sector database, and "clinical genomics" as defined by the beth israel-ardais collaboration. an examination of these case studies reveals that the common law, u.s. regulatory law, and international law hav ...	2003	15156881
from directly observed therapy to accompagnateurs: enhancing aids treatment outcomes in haiti and in boston.	like tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) disease is associated with poverty and social inequalities, conditions that hamper the delivery of care. like tuberculosis, treatment of hiv infection requires multidrug regimens, and the causative agent acquires drug resistance, which can be transmitted to others. a pilot project in rural haiti introduced dot-haart (directly observed therapy with highly active antiretroviral therapy) for the care of patients with advanced acquired immune def ...	2004	15156434
buying biosafety--is the price right?		2004	15152056
conducting interdisciplinary research to promote healthy and safe employment in health care: promises and pitfalls.	due to the complexity of human health, emphasis is increasingly being placed on the need for and conduct of multidisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary health research. yet many academic and research organizations--and the discipline-specific associations and journals--may not yet be prepared to adopt changes necessary to optimally support interdisciplinary work. this article presents an ongoing interdisciplinary research project's efforts to investigate mechanisms and pathways that lead to occup ...	2004	15147650
the prognostic significance of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway activation in human gliomas.	the objectives of this study were to examine activation patterns of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k) pathway in gliomas and to examine the prognostic significance of pi3k pathway activation using snap-frozen clinical specimens.	2004	15143086
massachusetts university to begin human hiv vaccine trials.		2004	15124606
a young man from nantucket.		2004	15101387
metropolis redux: the unique importance of library skills in informatics.	the objective is to highlight the important role that librarians have in teaching within a successful medical informatics program. librarians regularly utilize skills that, although not technology dependent, are essential to conducting computer-based research. the metropolis analogy is used to introduce the part librarians play as informatics partners. science fiction is a modern mythology that, beyond a technical exterior, has lasting value in its ability to reflect the human condition. the tea ...	2004	15098050
how fleet bank fought employee flight.	in the late 1990s, fleet bank was facing high and rising employee turnover, particularly in its retail operations. overall turnover had reached 25% annually, and among some groups, such as tellers and customer service reps, turnover was as high as 40%. using a new methodology developed by mercer human resource consulting, fleet set out to determine why so many employees were leaving and what could be done to retain them. it began examining data from hr, finance, operations, and sales about emplo ...	2004	15077372
the power of the human heart: a story of trauma and recovery and its implications for rehabilitation and healing.	ms trisha meili revealed her identity as the central park jogger in a presentation at spaulding rehabilitation hospital in boston in may 2003. her co-presenter was dr jon kabat-zinn, whose teachings on mindfulness and meditation had been important in ms meili's rehabilitation process. this transcript of that conversation describes the various phases she underwent in her recovery, and documents the role of her self-discovered practice of mindfulness in restoring her emotional and physical functio ...	2004	15068105
heme oxygenase-1 genotype and restenosis after balloon angioplasty: a novel vascular protective factor.	we investigated the association of the heme oxygenase-1 (ho-1) promoter genotype with the inflammatory response and restenosis after balloon angioplasty.	2004	15028349
case records of the massachusetts general hospital. weekly clinicopathological exercises. case 8-2004. a 28-year-old man with abdominal pain, fever, and a mass in the region of the pancreas.		2004	15014187
incidence of outpatient visits and hospitalizations related to influenza in infants and young children.	the advisory committee on immunization practices currently encourages influenza vaccination for all children aged 6 to 23 months when feasible, based on studies that have demonstrated that young children have high hospitalization rates attributable to influenza. the advisory committee on immunization practices recently voted to recommend influenza vaccination for all children beginning during the 2004-2005 influenza season; information on the rate of outpatient visits due to influenza is needed ...	2004	14993554
human-cell mutagens in respirable airborne particles in the northeastern united states. 1. mutagenicity of fractionated samples.	few studies have characterized the regional scale (300-500 km) variability of the mutagenicity of respirable airborne particles (pm2.5). we previously collected 24-h pm2.5 samples for 1 year from background, suburban, and urban sites in massachusetts (ma) and rural and urban sites in upstate new york (ny) (n = 53-60 samples per site). bimonthly composites of these samples were mutagenic to human cells. the present report describes our effort to identify chemical classes responsible for the mutag ...	2004	14968851
evidence for a gene on chromosome 13 influencing postural systolic blood pressure change and body mass index.	previous analysis in the hypertension genetic epidemiology network (hypergen) of the national heart lung and blood institute (nhlbi) family blood pressure program, a multicenter study of genetic and environmental factors related to hypertension, indicated regions of linkage for blood pressure traits together with several coincident regions for phenotypically correlated traits, including systolic blood pressure (sbp) response to a postural challenge and body mass index (bmi). motivated by these f ...	2004	14967843
gene mutations in advanced colonic polyps: potential marker selection for stool-based mutated human dna assays for colon cancer screening.	the detection and removal of advanced colonic polyps (acps) can help prevent the development of colorectal cancer. a set of dna mutations known to be associated with colorectal carcinoma was tested against resected acps to determine the set s potential utility as a marker panel for acps. a sensitive mutation marker panel could be used by stool-based assays that look for mutated human dna to detect the presence of acps. dna from 32 acps = 1.0 cm in diameter was amplified and tested for 19 colorec ...	2003	14706178
shifts in winter distribution in birds: effects of global warming and local habitat change.	as global warming intensified toward the end of the 20th century, there was a northward shift in winter ranges of bird species in cape cod, massachusetts, usa. these poleward shifts were correlated to local increases in minimum winter temperatures and global temperature anomalies. this evidence, plus other recent results, suggests that during the last two decades global warming has led to massive and widespread biogeographic shifts with potentially major ecological and human consequences. local ...	2003	14703907
the young man from canada.		2003	14703586
enzootic transmission of babesia divergens among cottontail rabbits on nantucket island, massachusetts.	specific ticks seem to locally serve as vector for characteristic microbial assemblages (guilds) comprising spirochetes, piroplasms, ehrlichiae, and arboviruses. borrelia andersoni and anaplasma phagocytophilum are intensely transmitted between cottontail rabbits. to test the hypothesis that a piroplasm may also be maintained in rabbits, we sampled these hosts from nantucket island, massachusetts and tested their blood and tissues by a polymerase chain reaction for evidence of infection. surpris ...	2003	14695079
lucian leape and healthcare errors. interview by pamela k. scarrow and susan v. white.	lucian l. leape, md, is a health policy analyst whose research has focused on error prevention and appropriateness of care. he is currently adjunct professor of health policy at the harvard school of public health. prior to joining the faculty at harvard, he was professor of surgery at tufts university school of medicine and chief of pediatric surgery at the new england medical center. he has been a leading advocate of the nonpunitive systems approach to the prevention of medical error and has l ...	2002	14692183
rabies surveillance in the united states during 2002.	during 2002, 49 states and puerto rico reported 7,967 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 3 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control and prevention, an increase of 7.2% from the 7,436 cases in non-human animals and 1 case in a human being reported in 2001. more than 92% (7,375 cases) were in wild animals, whereas 7.4% (592) were in domestic species (compared with 93.3% in wild animals and 6.7% in domestic species in 2001). compared with cases reported in 2001, the numbers of ...	2003	14690203
msjama. uses of jacobson v massachusetts in the age of bioterror.		2003	14600197
antiretroviral drug resistance in human immunodeficiency virus-infected source patients for occupational exposures to healthcare workers.	to assess the prevalence of hiv antiretroviral resistance among source patients for occupational hiv exposures.	2003	14587931
bernard brouwer's lecture tours in the united states (1926 and 1933).	bernard brouwer (1881-1949), the first ordinary professor of neurology in the netherlands and a man of prominent stature among continental neurologists, was invited to read lectures at several university clinics in the united states in 1926 and 1933. in this article, we describe brouwer's impressions from these tours to obtain a view of us neurology in the 1920s and 1930s compared with the state of dutch neurology. we studied brouwer's reports of the lecture tours and pertinent materials obtaine ...	2003	14568822
microsystems in health care: part 8. developing people and improving work life: what front-line staff told us.	the articles in the microsystems in health care series have focused on the success characteristics of high-performing clinical microsystems. realization is growing about the importance of attracting, selecting, developing, and engaging staff. by optimizing the work of all staff members and by promoting a culture where everyone matters, the microsystem can attain levels of performance not previously experienced.	2003	14567260
human pulmonary valve endothelial cells express functional adhesion molecules for leukocytes.	histopathological studies of rejected orthotopic heart transplants suggest that cardiac valve endothelium is spared the inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue damage that occurs in the myocardium. to test whether this apparent protection from leukocyte invasion might be an inherent feature of the valve endothelium, leukocyte adhesion molecule expression and function were analyzed in human pulmonary valve endothelial cells (hpvec). use of cultured hpvec allowed delineation of the potential con ...	2003	14565715
mica, hla-b haplotypic variation in five population groups of sub-saharan african ancestry.	the human major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i chain-related gene a (mica), located 46 kb centromeric to hla-b, encodes a stress-inducible protein, which is a ligand for the nkg2d receptor. in addition to its primary role in immune surveillance, data suggest that mica is involved in the immune response to transplants and in susceptibility to some diseases. in this study, 152 subjects from the yoruba (n=74), efik (n=32), and igbo (n=46) tribes of southern nigeria, 39 nationwide african- ...	2003	14551603
the kenneth b. schwartz center at massachusetts general hospital hematology-oncology department: hope for the homeless.	shortly before his death in 1995, kenneth b. schwartz, a cancer patient at massachusetts general hospital (mgh), founded the kenneth b. schwartz center at mgh. the schwartz center is a nonprofit organization dedicated to supporting and advancing compassionate health care delivery, which provides hope to the patient and support to caregivers and encourages the healing process. the center sponsors the schwartz center rounds, a monthly multidisciplinary forum during which caregivers discuss a speci ...	2003	14530502
drug-selected resistance mutations and non-b subtypes in antiretroviral-naive adults with established human immunodeficiency virus infection.	the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 antiretroviral resistance is expected to be higher in recently infected antiretroviral-naive individuals than in those who have been infected longer. antiretroviral-naive hiv-1-infected adults who presented to an outpatient clinic in an urban hospital in boston for initial evaluation in 1999 were screened for drug-selected resistance mutations and phylogenetic subtype. drug-selected mutations were identified in 16 (18%) of 88 subjects. ...	2003	14513418
five new viral exanthems.		1964	14180572
contributions of a clinical genetics laboratory to the diagnosis and treatment of disease in childhood.		1963	14045779
the medicalization of female fertility--points of significance for the study of menopause.	this paper illustrates the need for human biologists to take into account the far-reaching influences of biomedicine in the study of reproductive aging. data were drawn from western massachusetts and puebla, mexico, to illustrate the effects of hysterectomy rates, tubal ligations and hormone replacement therapy (hrt) on studies of age and symptom experience at menopause. first, in examining age at natural menopause in relation to level of education, a country-specific, non-random pattern of part ...	2003	12974134
konrad bloch, 12 january 1912 - 15 october 2000.	konrad bloch was a man of strong ethical principles. in personality, he was soft-spoken, kind, and generous. his home in lexington, massachusetts, with lore, his wife of more than sixty years, his daughter, susan, and son, peter, was at the center of a joyous family life.	2003	12962131
cost-effectiveness of serotesting compared with universal immunization for varicella in refugee children from six geographic regions.	it is unknown whether it is more cost-effective to test for varicella antibody or to immunize without testing in immigrant populations. the reliability of history of varicella disease is also unclear.	2003	12946297
case records of the massachusetts general hospital. weekly clinicopathological exercises. case 26-2003. a 50-year-old colombian man with fever and seizures.		2003	12930932
neighborhood differences in patterns of syringe access, use, and discard among injection drug users: implications for hiv outreach and prevention education.	the article presents results from the syringe access, use, and discard: context in aids risk research project comparing two neighborhoods by (1) socioeconomic and demographic characteristics; (2) patterns of syringe access, use, and discard; and (3) encounters with a local human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (hiv/aids) outreach project targeted to injection drug users (idus). the results show that idus in more economically advantaged neighborhoods were more likely to ...	2003	12930882
environmental stress and recovery: the geochemical record of human disturbance in new bedford harbor and apponagansett bay, massachusetts (usa).	sediments record the history of contamination to estuaries. analysis of the concentrations of toxic organic compounds, contaminant and crustal metals, organic carbon content and isotopic composition in sediment cores from two estuarine systems in buzzards bay allowed reconstruction of human impacts over 350 years. vertical distributions of the contaminants correlate with changes in the nature of watershed/estuarine activities. all contaminants were highly enriched (tens to hundreds times backgro ...	2003	12922068
mortality of common loons in new england, 1987 to 2000.	diagnostic findings are presented on 522 common loons (gavia immer) found dead or moribund in new england (connecticut, maine, massachusetts, new hampshire, rhode island, and vermont, usa) between 1987 and 2000. common loon numbers and range in new england have decreased from historic levels over the last century due to a number of proposed factors. goals of this study were to identify and categorize causes of mortality and quantify natural versus anthropogenic causes. the majority of identifiab ...	2003	12910757
enzootic transmission of anaplasma bovis in nantucket cottontail rabbits.	serological studies of cottontail rabbits sampled from nantucket island, mass., have suggested exposure to at least two ehrlichiae. the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (anaplasma phagocytophilum) is intensely enzootic in rabbits there, but the identity of the other ehrlichial infection remains undescribed. we sampled rabbits over five transmission seasons and tested their blood and tissues for evidence of infection using pcr targeting an ehrlichia genus-wide 16s rdna target. sequence an ...	2003	12904385
temporal trends in human semen parameters in new england in the united states, 1989-2000.	the current study explores trends in semen parameters in new england in the united states. a retrospective review was performed of 551 semen analysis records from 1989 to 2000 at vincent memorial andrology laboratory of massachusetts general hospital. after age adjustment, semen ph and motility significantly increased 0.05 units/year and 2.33%/year, respectively, while sperm with normal morphology decreased 0.33%/year. sperm concentration showed a small upward trend. the year of birth in the pre ...	2003	12893515
do something--he's about to snap.	lynne tabor, an it manager at manufacturing giant mmi, has a great team. everyone works hard and gets along. everyone, that is, except max dyer. max is a talented programmer, but he's terrible in the interpersonal skills department. so terrible, in fact, that three years ago lynne reworked his job after employees complained that he was unengaged and even belligerent. since then, he's been a solid worker, putting in extra hours and meriting good performance evaluations. but recently, max's cowork ...	2003	12858708
information architect. jeff blair's passion for the industry promotes healthcare standards and the electronic health record.		2002	12827789
heritability and genetic linkage of plasma natriuretic peptide levels.	natriuretic peptides play a critical role in the maintenance of salt and water homeostasis and regulation of vascular tone. thus, interindividual variation in plasma natriuretic peptide levels may contribute to variation in susceptibility to volume overload and hypertension. it is unknown to what extent genetic factors contribute to variation in plasma natriuretic peptide levels.	2003	12821537
eliminating racial and ethnic health disparities: opportunities and challenges for the commonwealth.		2001	12772706
male patients with diagnoses of both breast cancer and prostate cancer.	recently cancer susceptibility syndromes have been characterized that suggest possible genetic linkages between breast cancer and prostate cancer within families. despite these connections, male breast cancer and prostate cancer in an individual man has rarely been reported. the clinical features of 10 patients with both of these cancers are described here. one hundred sixty-one patients with male breast cancer were seen at the dana-farber cancer institute and massachusetts general hospital betw ...	2003	12752629
boston happens program: hiv-positive, homeless, and at-risk youth can access care through youth-oriented hiv services.	the boston happens program is a collaborative network of care consisting of multiservice outreach agencies; community health centers; and hospitals for hiv-positive, homeless, and hard-to-reach youth. in four years of data collection, the program served more than 2,000 youth, including 54 hiv-positive youth. the youth were 19.9 +/- 2.9 years old; 64 percent female; 45 percent youth of color; 11 percent gay/lesbian, bisexual, or undecided; and 13 percent homeless or runaway. homeless youth were m ...	2003	12748922
association of nat2 and smoking in relation to breast cancer incidence in a population-based case-control study (united states).	to evaluate the potential interaction between n-acetyltransferase 2 (nat2) and smoking in breast cancer incidence.	2003	12708724
polymorphisms in the dna repair genes xrcc1 and ercc2, smoking, and lung cancer risk.	xrcc1 (x-ray cross-complementing group 1) and ercc2 (excision repair cross-complementing group 2) are two major dna repair proteins. polymorphisms of these two genes have been associated with altered dna repair capacity and cancer risk. we have described statistically significant interactions between the ercc2 polymorphisms (asp312asn and lys751gln) and smoking in lung cancer risk. in this case-control study of 1091 caucasian lung cancer patients and 1240 controls, we explored the gene-environme ...	2003	12692111
implementation of a point-of-care satellite laboratory in the emergency department of an academic medical center. impact on test turnaround time and patient emergency department length of stay.	emergency department (ed) overcrowding has reached crisis proportions in the united states. many hospitals are seeking to identify process reengineering efforts to reduce crowding and ed patient length of stay (los).	2003	12683874
use of complementary and alternative therapies by patients with human immunodeficiency virus disease in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy.	complementary and alternative medical therapies (cam) are popular with patients who are human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seropositive, despite effective drug treatments, potential drug interactions, and overlapping toxicities.	2003	12676036
making sense of highway construction: a taxonomic framework for ergonomic exposure assessment and intervention research.	construction is one of the most hazardous industries in the united states. occupational health research to characterize the hazards in construction work has been hampered by the lack of a systematic approach to classification of construction work and its associated hazards. a taxonomy of construction work, a nested system of classification, has been developed to systematize the collection and reporting of exposure assessment data for the characterization and reduction of hazards and the preventi ...	2003	12637236
effects on breastfeeding of changes in maternity length-of-stay policy in a large health maintenance organization.	the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects on breastfeeding rates of a private-sector early discharge program and a subsequent government mandate guaranteeing 48 hours of hospital coverage.	2003	12612230
hotep's story: exploring the wounds of health vulnerability in the us.	a wide variety of forms of domination has resulted in a highly heterogeneous health risk category, "the vulnerable." the study of health inequities sheds light on forces that generate, sustain, and alter vulnerabilities to illness, injury, suffering and death. this paper analyzes the case of a high-risk teen from a boston ghetto that illuminates intersections between "race" and class in the construction of vulnerability in the us. exploration of his "wounds" helps specify how large-scale social ...	2002	12546166
high prevalence of viable toxoplasma gondii infection in market weight pigs from a farm in massachusetts.	the ingestion of uncooked infected meat is considered important in the epidemiology of toxoplasma gondii infection in humans and little is known of the prevalence of viable t. gondii in meat used for human consumption in the united states. in the present study, viable t. gondii was isolated from 51 out of 55 pigs destined for human consumption. hearts and tongues (500 g) from fifty-five 6-mo-old pigs from a farm in massachusetts were bioassayed for t. gondii by feeding them to t. gondii-free cat ...	2002	12539744
adult blood lead epidemiology and surveillance--united states, 1998-2001.	elevated blood lead levels (blls) in adults can damage the cardiovascular, central nervous, reproductive, hematologic, and renal systems. the majority of cases are workplace-related. u.s. department of health and human services recommends that blls among all adults be reduced to < 25 microg/dl. the highest bll acceptable by standards of the u.s. occupational safety and health administration is 40 microg/dl. the mean bll of adults in the united states is < 3 microg/dl.	2002	12528812
ctla4 is associated with susceptibility to multiple sclerosis.	we comprehensively screened ctla4 for novel genetic variations in patients with ms. we studied genetic variations by association methods in a population-based sample of 122 sporadic patients with ms and 244 age-, gender- and ethnicity-matched controls, and by linkage and family-based association methods in 395 individuals from 59 american multiplex pedigrees with 141 affected individuals. being homozygous for at(8) (common) allele of the 3'(514) microsatellite (or: 1.69; ci: 0.99-2.86) and for t ...	2003	12507781
a study of indoor carbon dioxide levels and sick leave among office workers.	a previous observational study detected a strong positive relationship between sick leave absences and carbon dioxide (co2) concentrations in office buildings in the boston area. the authors speculated that the observed association was due to a causal effect associated with low dilution ventilation, perhaps increased airborne transmission of respiratory infections. this study was undertaken to explore this association.	2002	12495450
rabies surveillance in the united states during 2001.	during 2001, 49 states and puerto rico reported 7,437 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 1 case in a human being to the centers for disease control and prevention, an increase of < 1% from 7,364 cases in nonhuman animals and 5 human cases reported in 2000. more than 93% (6,939 cases) were in wild animals, whereas 6.7% (497 cases) were in domestic species (compared with 93.0% in wild animals and 6.9% in domestic species in 2000). the number of cases reported in 2001 increased among bats, cat ...	2002	12494966
dinoflagellate cyst records and human disturbance in two neighboring estuaries, new bedford harbor and apponagansett bay, massachusetts (usa).	the dinoflagellate cyst records in sediments from new bedford harbor and apponagansett bay demonstrate sensitivity to environmental change caused by human activity in the watersheds over the last 500 years. changes in the species richness, as well as absolute and relative abundance of dinoflagellate cyst taxa reflect recent periods of development around the estuaries. cyst taxa sensitive to these changes include dubridinium spp., polykrikos schwartzii, lingulodinium machaerophorum, operculodiniu ...	2002	12449331
initiation of services in the boston happens program: human immunodeficiency virus-positive, homeless, and at-risk youth can access services.	this study evaluates the factors associated with initiation of services in the boston happens program, which is a collaborative network of care consisting of multiservice outreach agencies, community health centers and hospitals, for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive and hard to reach youth who are 12-24 years old. the program served 2116 youth who were 19.8 +/- 2.9 years old; 64% female; 45% youth of color; 16% gay/lesbian, bisexual, or undecided; and 10% homeless or runaway. at first ...	2002	12442735
efficacy of body mechanics education on posture while computing in middle school children.	the purposes of this pilot study were to examine the working position of middle school children during their media/technology class, test student's knowledge of healthy computing habits, and evaluate the efficacy of two educational interventions compared to a control group.	2002	12441570
the effect of education on backpack wearing and posture in a middle school population.	the effect of education on proper wearing of a backpack was studied to determine whether or not a middle school population would improve posture during load carriage by maintaining a more natural posture and to determine if schoolchildren would comply with proper backpack wearing.	2002	12441569
the association between children's computer use and musculoskeletal discomfort.	as american children spend more time working at computers, they may be putting themselves at risk for musculoskeletal disorders and other conditions that can result from overuse. there is little research that describes the home computer use of american middle school children or that describes the prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort in this population. this study provides a general description of the computer set-up and home use of 152 6th grade children and looks at the association between ...	2002	12441562
industry-related outbreak of human anthrax, massachusetts, 1868.		2002	12396936
a population-based study of ashkenazi jewish women's attitudes toward genetic discrimination and brca1/2 testing.	the human genome project continues to produce an increasing number of genetic susceptibility tests. some of these genetic tests target social or ethnic groups who are at increased risk of developing a disease. the ashkenazi jewish community is one ethnic group that is an ongoing subject of genetic investigation. we assessed the attitudes of a population-based sample of ashkenazi jewish women toward breast-ovarian cancer susceptibility testing (brca 1/2). in particular, we assessed concerns about ...	2002	12394347
history of pediatric liver transplantation. where are we coming from? where do we stand?	the history of pediatric liver transplantation cannot be dissociated from one man, thomas e. starzl, whose pioneer efforts contributed more than anyone else to what has become a routinely successful clinical procedure. during the pre-cyclosporine era, the pediatric experience was confined nearly exclusively in denver: first attempt in 1963, first success with survival beyond one year in 1967, cumulative experience with 84 pediatric cases in the pre-cyclosporine era (1967-1979) with a 2-year pati ...	2002	12390423
hybridon and aegera collaborate to develop antisense drug.		2002	12382515
comparison of t-cell-depleted and non-t-cell-depleted unrelated donor transplantation for hematologic diseases: clinical outcomes, quality of life, and costs.	t-cell depletion (tcd) and immunosuppressive medications (ists) are 2 methods used for graft-versus-host disease (gvhd) prophylaxis in unrelated donor (urd) transplantation. however, comparisons of the clinical outcomes including quality of life and direct medical costs associated with each type of procedure have not been reported. we reviewed 48 tcd and 98 ist procedures performed from 1/1/97 to 12/31/99 at the dana-farber cancer institute, boston, ma. with a median follow-up of 1.5 years for s ...	2002	12351374
the spatial variation in unemployment and labour force participation rates of male and female workers.	this paper uses 1980 us census tract data from boston, denver, pittsburgh, seattle, and st. louis to examine spatial variation between male and female unemployment and labor force participation. research shows that families and individuals with characteristics making them more prone to unemployment tend to live in central cities. suburban workers living far from the city's center may also have higher unemployment rates due to higher job search and commuting costs. female workers differ from m ...	1985	12340358
epidemiologic transition in the united states: the health factor in population change.	the general theory of epidemiologic transition is explained. the theory hypothesizes that long-term changes in health and disease patterns in any society are related to the demographic and social conditions in that country. mortality is considered to be the major factor in population change. the theory is illustrated by a detailed consideration of birth and death trends in the u.s. mortality decline began in the u.s. in the middle of the nineteenth century. associated with this decline was ...	1977	12335110
massachusetts high court supports use of civil rights law to bar blockades.	in a 4-3 opinion issued on april 11, the supreme judicial court of the commonwealth of massachusetts affirmed a lower court order preventing anti-choice activists from blocking access to a facility providing abortion counseling or services. granted under the massachusetts civil rights act, the injunction also prohibits using force against anyone entering, leaving, or working at such a location (see rfn ii/22). several health care providers and pro-choice organizations obtained a preliminary inj ...	1994	12318701
condom availability in a small town: lessons from falmouth, massachusetts.	condom availability was approved october 1991 by the falmouth, massachusetts school committee. in early 1992, condom vending machines were installed in high school restrooms in falmouth. the massachusetts education board in august 1991 urged local schools to make condoms available; in 1990 the policy was to integrate hiv/aids education within comprehensive health education and human services programs. cambridge was the first to adopt a condom availability plan, which was in effect in march 19 ...	1992	12317949
gregory pincus, father of the pill.	this paper presents the profiles of gregory pincus, popularly known as the "father of the pill". pincus was considered a brilliant scientist who developed an oral contraceptive in 1950. he had already achieved in vitro fertilization of rabbit eggs, foreshadowing later successes in assisted human reproduction that have enabled tens of thousands of couples to overcome infertility. his discovery, however, generated controversy, which cost him tenure at harvard, prompting his move to clark universi ...	2000	12296230
akron center for reproductive health v. slaby, 12 august 1988.	in a challenge to the constitutionality of parental notification provisions of ohio's abortion statute, the appeals court held certain provisions of the statute unconstitutional. this ruling was reversed by the us supreme court in 1990. in minnesota in 1988, the appeals court held constitutional parental notification provisions requiring that a minor give both parents 48 hours' notice before undergoing an abortion unless a judicial waiver is obtained. this ruling was upheld by the us supreme ...	1988	12289574
planned parenthood federation of america v. bowen, 25 february 1988.	the plaintiffs were family planning (fp) services and physicians who sought a preliminary injunction against enforcement of regulations promulgated by the secretary of health and human services of the us. the regulations prohibited counseling and referral for abortion services by fp services that receive funds under title x of the public health services act. the court held that the regulations exceeded the secretary's authority, since nothing in title x or legislative history relating to its e ...	1988	12289568
family planning services and population research act.	the senate human resources subcommittee under the chairmanship of senator alan cranston has completed its work on the family planning services and population research amendments of 1973 (s. 1708) and has referred the bill to the senate labor and public welfare committee. right-to-life activists are zeroing in on committee members in hopes of amending the bill to prohibit federal funds for sterilization and continued research on abortifacient drugs. if such provisions were to be approved, it w ...	1973	12276914
barriers, facilitators, and access for wheelchair users: substantive and methodologic lessons from a pilot study of environmental effects.	we undertook a month-long intensive pilot study of a sample of adult wheelchair-users in boston, massachusetts and durham, north carolina, usa. the study had four objectives; to: (1) measure experiences of reaching and failing to reach specific destinations; (2) measure encounters with environmental facilitators and barriers, including both those overcome and not overcome; (3) determine the frequencies of destinations, facilitators, and barriers, and (4) test for consistency between daily report ...	2002	12231020
antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in antiretroviral-naive prisoners.	we assessed the incidence of antiretroviral drug resistance in a cohort of 25 antiretroviral-naive, human immunodeficiency virus-positive inmates in massachusetts. silent mutations, unexpected mutations at resistant sites, and resistance mutations were recorded. among these inmates, we found a prevalence of drug resistance mutations that was equivalent to the prevalence previously found in nonprison populations in the same state.	2002	12228827
genome screen for quantitative trait loci contributing to normal variation in bone mineral density: the framingham study.	a genome-wide scan was performed in a randomly ascertained set of 330 extended families from the population-based framingham study to identify chromosomal regions possibly linked to bone mineral density (bmd). a set of 401 microsatellite markers was typed at a 10-centimorgan (cm) average density throughout the genome. bmd was measured at the femoral neck, trochanter, ward's area, and lumbar spine in 1557 participants of both framingham cohorts. bmds were adjusted for age, body mass index (bmi), ...	2002	12211443
destroying human embryos for research.		2000	12201302