Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| monoclonal antibodies to mycoplasma gallisepticum membrane proteins. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were prepared to study the immunogenesis of mycoplasma gallisepticum. balb/c mice were immunized with m. gallisepticum immunostimulating complexes and the supernatant of heterokaryotes screened with m. gallisepticum and closely related m. synoviae as antigens in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. all selected mabs proved to be m. gallisepticum species-specific when they were tested against 10 different avian mycoplasma species. after immunoblotting analysis, ... | 1993 | 8257358 |
| cloning and dna sequence of a 29 kilodalton polypeptide gene of mycoplasma gallisepticum as a possible protective antigen. | a lambda gt11 clone, designated m1 and having a 0.8 kilobase (kb) insert, was selected by screening a mycoplasma gallisepticum (m.g.) genomic dna library with antisera against m.g. cells and their membrane proteins. the sequence of a 1.7 kb ecori fragment of genomic dna covering the entire m1 insert revealed a long open reading frame, tm-1, that encoded a polypeptide with a deduced molecular weight of 29 kda. an antiserum raised in chicken against the tm-1 polypeptide, which was produced by reco ... | 1993 | 8212828 |
| differences in major histocompatibility complex frequencies after multitrait, divergent selection for immunocompetence. | white leghorn chickens from lines selected for four immune-response traits (ir lines) were serotyped for b system alloantigens characterizing the haplotypes and genotypes to examine the effect of divergent selection for multitrait immunocompetence on mhc haplotype and genotype frequencies. the selected lines were derived from the ottawa strain 7. the selection index included four immunocompetence traits: antibody production against mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and pasteurella multocida, inflamm ... | 1994 | 8165171 |
| direct and correlated responses to multitrait, divergent selection for immunocompetence. | leghorn lines had been selected for an immunocompetence index based on four traits: antibody production to mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and pasteurella multocida (pm) vaccines, reticuloendothelial clearance of colloidal carbon (cca), and cell-mediated, wing web response to phytohemagglutinin (pha). the purpose of this study was to produce replicated lines of chickens with divergent levels of multitrait immunocompetence by index selection. the objectives of analyses of generations 5 to 7 of this ... | 1994 | 8165163 |
| a comparative study of mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccines in young chickens. | ten-day-old leghorn chickens were vaccinated with the f, ts-11, or 6/85 strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) via the intraocular route or subcutaneously with mg bacterin and challenged by aerosol with the r strain of mg at 30, 60, or 90 days post-vaccination. respiratory reaction post-vaccination, serological response, persistence of the vaccine strain, and protection against aerosol challenge were compared. in general, the ts-11 and 6/85 strains induced a milder post-vaccination reaction tha ... | 1993 | 8141758 |
| local reaction and serological response in commercial layer chickens injected intramuscularly in the leg with oil-adjuvanted mycoplasma gallisepticum bacterin. | the incidence of local vaccine reaction was investigated in three flocks of commercial layer chickens after they were vaccinated intramuscularly in the leg with oil-adjuvanted mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) bacterin by commercial crews. local vaccine reaction typically involved swelling due to a granulomatous cellulitis in the connective tissue above the tibiotarsal joint of the vaccinated leg. histopathology revealed that the inflammatory reaction was confined primarily to subcutis and muscle fa ... | 1993 | 8141726 |
| effect of mixed live vaccine (newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis) and mycoplasma gallisepticum on the chicken respiratory tract and on escherichia coli infection. | interaction between mixed live vaccine (newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis), mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and escherichia coli (ec) was studied in specific-pathogen-free chickens, aged 7 days, inoculated intranasally. in the tracheas of chickens inoculated with vaccine, mg and ec, profuse multiplication of ec occurred together with severe and persisent histological lesions, and some birds died from ec infection. similar though less dramatic effects occurred in birds that received vacci ... | 1994 | 7962725 |
| mycoplasma gallisepticum strain differentiation by arbitrary primer pcr (rapd) fingerprinting. | we demonstrate here that the arbitrary primer polymerase-chain-reaction-based dna fingerprinting method (also termed random amplified polymorphic dna or rapd) can be used to distinguish among strains of the avian pathogen mycoplasma gallisepticum. ten base oligonucleotide primers were used individually to prime dna synthesis from genomic dnas. strain-specific arrays of dna fragments were generated, which allowed us to identify and group isolates. isolates of m. synoviae, m. gallinarum and m. ine ... | 1994 | 7870072 |
| diseases and management of backyard chicken flocks in chitungwiza, zimbabwe. | to gather information on backyard chicken flocks in chitungwiza, an urban center in zimbabwe, 85 flock owners were interviewed. the mean flock size was 53 birds (range 1-650), and most birds were kept for meat, for either domestic consumption or local sale. mean age at slaughter was 12.4 weeks (range 8-24). none of the owners vaccinated their birds, and reported mortality rates were high (mean 25%), most commonly being associated with diseases causing eye and respiratory problems. most owners co ... | 1994 | 7832719 |
| effect of bentonite incorporated in a feed ration with tilmicosin in the prevention of induced mycoplasma gallisepticum airsacculitis in broiler chickens. | a factorial arrangement of tilmicosin and bentonite was evaluated for efficacy in broiler chickens infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum and correlated to tilmicosin recovery in a feed assay method. tilmicosin at 300-500 g/ton prevented development of airsacculitis. the addition of 2% bentonite to the ration caused tilmicosin at 300 g/ton to be ineffective in controlling air-sac lesions, whereas 400 and 500 g/ton were moderately effective. six percent bentonite rendered tilmicosin completely in ... | 1994 | 7832702 |
| analysis and characterization of mycoplasma gallisepticum isolates from pennsylvania. | because mycoplasma gallisepticum f strain vaccine can be pathogenic in chickens and is pathogenic in turkeys, we monitored the spread of mg f strain into unvaccinated flocks by screening field and experimental isolates. thirteen mg isolates obtained from various sources in pennsylvania were screened using several techniques capable of differentiating between mg strains. dna restriction enzyme analysis (rea), sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) protein profiles, n ... | 1994 | 7832700 |
| detection of specific antibodies directed against a consistently expressed surface antigen of mycoplasma gallisepticum using a monoclonal blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | sera from 14 groups of chickens inoculated with different laboratory and field strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) were used to compare the diagnostic potential of the hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test and a recently developed monoclonal blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). hi was performed with strain a5969, commonly used as hemagglutinating antigen, and it could detect 62.7% of the inoculated chickens as positive. of all sera, 83% proved to be positive when examined wit ... | 1995 | 7794187 |
| mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in drug-treated chickens: comparison of diagnosis methods including polymerase chain reaction. | ten chickens were inoculated with mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and treated with enrofloxacine. on eight different dates post-inoculation (pi), tracheal swab samples were collected for mycoplasma culture or detection by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and blood samples were analysed by slide-agglutination test (sa) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). results showed that culture and pcr detected mg from 14/80 or 20/80 samples, respectively. the last culture-positive sample was collect ... | 1994 | 7740859 |
| occurrence of keratoconjunctivitis apparently caused by mycoplasma gallisepticum in layer chickens. | natural cases of keratoconjunctivitis, apparently caused by mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg), in layer chickens are described. the disease occurred in a commercial flock consisting of 36,000 pullets (babcock), first appearing around 30 days of age. clinically, affected chickens showed unilateral or bilateral swelling of the facial skin and the eyelids, increased lacrimation, congestion of conjunctival vessels, and respiratory rales. some of the severely affected chickens closed their eyes. the morb ... | 1995 | 7725593 |
| mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chukar partridges, pheasants, and peafowl. | mycoplasma gallisepticum infection was diagnosed in a group of chukar partridges, pheasants, and peafowl based on serology and isolation techniques. the farm also had quail, chickens, and ducks. clinical signs in growing birds consisted of foamy eyes, swollen infraorbital sinuses, respiratory distress, and death. breeding birds experienced a severe drop in egg production. histologically, the growing birds exhibited lymphoplasmacytic inflammation of the conjunctiva, sinus, and trachea. the most l ... | 1994 | 7702531 |
| dna diversity among isolates of campylobacter jejuni detected by pcr-based rapd fingerprinting. | a pcr-based randomly amplified polymorphic dna method was used to amplify campylobacter jejuni dna using a single oligonucleotide primer derived from either a homologous source or from mycoplasma gallisepticum. the method was able to detect the heterogeneity of amplified dna from human, chicken and turkey sources and can be used as a tool to study the epidemiology of campylobacter jejuni infection. | 1995 | 7571378 |
| in vivo variation of mycoplasma gallisepticum antigen expression in experimentally infected chickens. | the antigen expression profiles of mycoplasma gallisepticum isolates obtained from tracheal swabs of chickens after aerosol-inoculation with m. gallisepticum strain r or clonal variant r/e were examined in western immunoblots. a reference anti-m. gallisepticum chicken antiserum and antisera from individual infected chickens as well as monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for surface proteins were used to monitor in vivo antigenic variation. mabs 1e5 and 12d8, recognizing pvpa and p67a, recently ... | 1995 | 7571373 |
| expression of mycoplasma gallisepticum f-strain surface epitope. | the expression of a mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) f-strain surface epitope was studied using monoclonal antibody 6f10. different f strain colonies were cloned based on positive or negative expression of the 6f10-recognized epitope. clones selected for the lack of expression of this epitope (negative clones) reverted rapidly to positive expression. on the other hand, negative clones derived from f-strain-vaccinated chickens expressed the 6f10-recognized epitope variably. after in vitro passages, ... | 1994 | 7530442 |
| a surface epitope undergoing high-frequency phase variation is shared by mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma bovis. | we have recently reported that three distinct size- and phase-variable surface lipoproteins (vsps) of the bovine pathogen mycoplasma bovis possess a common epitope recognized by monoclonal antibody 1e5. in the present study, we show that this epitope is also present on a size-variant protein (pvpa) of the avian pathogen mycoplasma gallisepticum. application of monoclonal antibody 1e5 in western immunoblot analysis of triton x-114 phase-fractionated proteins and in colony immunoblots, as well as ... | 1994 | 7523302 |
| development and evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction method for diagnosis of mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method specific for mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) was evaluated. the pcr method was found to detect as few as two colour changing units (ccu) of mg and did not give false positive reactions with other avian mycoplasmas. in chickens inoculated with either mg or mycoplasma synoviae (ms), the pcr method was found to closely correlate with mg culture reisolation methods in chicken intranasally inoculated with mg. all chickens inoculated with ms tested negative using ... | 1993 | 7511790 |
| evaluation of a monoclonal blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of mycoplasma gallisepticum-specific antibodies. | a monoclonal blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (blocking-elisa) was developed to detect antibodies to mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) in poultry sera with the help of a peroxidase-labeled monoclonal antibody (mab) recognizing an epitope of a 56-kilodalton polypeptide (p56) of mg. immunoglobulins from undiluted mg-positive sera prevent the mab conjugate from attaching to its specific binding site on p56, which results in no color development. the opposite result--a strong color reaction--w ... | 1993 | 7504918 |
| preliminary clinical pharmacological investigations of tylosin and tiamulin in chickens. | the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) of tiamulin and tylosin for mycoplasma, gram-positive, and gram-negative micro-organisms isolated from chickens were determinated by the agar dilution method. median mic values for tiamulin against mycoplasma gallisepticum (0.05 microgram/ml) and mycoplasma synoviae (0.10 microgram/ml) were 2 to 4 times lower than the corresponding values for tylosin. tiamulin was also slightly more effective in vitro in inhibiting escherichia coli, pasteurella multoci ... | 1980 | 7444918 |
| development of a microtitration complement-fixation test for diagnosis of mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens. | a direct microtitration complement-fixation (cf) test was developed for diagnosis of mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens. cf titers were demonstrated three weeks postinoculation in chickens inoculated intratracheally with m. gallisepticum. the direct microtitration cf test appeared comparable to the hemagglutination-inhibition test in sensitivity and specificity. addition of fresh chicken serum to lyophilized guinea pig complement (gpc') was not necessary to enhance fixaton of gpc' by ... | 1980 | 7436960 |
| effect of sex and mycoplasma synoviae infection on chicken red blood cells used for hemagglutination-inhibition test. | a total of 10 male and 10 female 9-week-old commercial mycoplasma-free broiler chickens was used in this test. five males and 5 females were artificially infected by aerosol with a broth culture of mycoplasma synoviae (ms) f10-2as. the other 5 males and 5 females were used as noninfected controls. at 3, 9, and 12 weeks postinfection all birds were bled, and the blood was pooled into 4 groups: infected male, noninfected male, infected female, and noninfected female. hemagglutination-inhibition (h ... | 1980 | 7393863 |
| a survey of mycoplasma infections in domestic poultry. | a survey of mycoplasma infections of chickens, turkeys and ducks was made on tissues from a variety of sources and birds of various ages, and from pipped and dead-in-shell turkey embryos. the tissues examined consisted mainly of respiratory tissue and the cloaca and contents and also a small number of joint lesions and other tissues. from chickens, mycoplasmas were isolated from a total of 138 tissues with mycoplasma gallisepticum in preponderance. this was followed by m gallinarum, untyped orga ... | 1980 | 7375739 |
| the growth and cilia-stopping effect of mycoplasma gallisepticum 1rf in chicken tracheal organ cultures. | the growth and pathogenicity of mycoplasma gallisepticum 1rf were studied in chicken tracheal organ cultures. the organism propagated only in the presence of tracheal rings in culture fluids. presence of metabolic products from rings seems to be an important factor for the growth of organism. production of hydrogen peroxide was not detected. there were no differences in the growth and cilia-stopping effects among organisms maintained in vitro, stored at -18 degrees c, and recovered from air sac, ... | 1980 | 7375737 |
| [microscopic and ultramicroscopic lesions from experimental mycoplasma infection in respiratory tract of chickens. possible difference between pathogenic and non pathogenic strains (author's transl)]. | for three weeks after experimental infection of trachea and scroll bone with mycoplasma gallisepticum no lesions were detected in scroll bone, but only an abundant mucous secretion. mycoplasmas were present and adhered to cilia of epithelial cells. in trachea an almost complete destruction of cilia was observed allowing swollen epithelial cells to appear with mycoplasmas adhering to villi. strain w31 serotype c caused no lesions but cells and cilia were covered with a thick layer of mucous. | 1981 | 7342836 |
| characterization of an isolate of mycoplasma wvu 907 which possesses common antigens to mycoplasma gallisepticum. | antigenic characteristics of an isolate of mycoplasma wvu 907 were compared with mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and mycoplasma synoviae. mycoplasma wvu 907 and mg share common agglutinating and precipitin antigens. although hemagglutinin is an integral part of wvu 907, hemagglutinating-inhibited antibody was not detected in sera of chickens inoculated with wvu 907. the clinical symptoms observed in chickens inoculated with wvu 907 were mild. viral infections of chickens helped spread wvu 907 to c ... | 1981 | 7337614 |
| immunogenic potency of oil-emulsified mycoplasma gallisepticum bacterins. | immunogenicity of an aqueous mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) bacterin and two oil-emulsified bacterins with aqueous-phase-to-oil-phase ratios of 1:2 and 1:4 were evaluated in 3 groups of 5-week-old mg-free white leghorn chickens. group 4 chickens were nonimmunized controls. group 1, 2, and 3 chickens received primary immunizations with 0.5 ml of bacterin subcutaneously (sc). six weeks later, half of the vaccinated chickens received a second immunization (0.5 ml sc). six weeks after the last dose o ... | 1981 | 7337609 |
| transmissibility of the f strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum in leghorn chickens. | leghorn pullets free of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) were infected with the f strain of mg at approximately 18 weeks of age. at various times up to 27 weeks postinfection, infected chickens were placed in a pen with uninfected controls. infected chickens remained tracheal carriers up to 49 weeks postinfection. infection was readily transmitted to penmates during the first 4 weeks postinfection; in most instances from 6 through 27 weeks postinfection, transmission to penmates became progressivel ... | 1981 | 7337604 |
| sequential pathology of genital tract in chickens experimentally infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum. | unsexed day-old white leghorn chicks hatched from eggs pre-treated with erythromycin were infected via the yolk sac with a 48-hr broth culture of pathogenic mycoplasma gallisepticum (s6). fourteen of the 57 experimental female birds had gross lesions in the oviduct, characterized by the presence of grayish-white caseous plugs of various sizes in a segment or throughout the length of the oviduct. forty-six of the infected female birds had microscopic lesions, detected primarily as mild heterophil ... | 1981 | 7316912 |
| light microscopic, scanning electron microscopic, and histomorphometric evaluation of mycoplasma gallisepticum-induced airsacculitis in chickens. | 1981 | 7294464 | |
| mycoplasmosis in poultry. | mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma synoviae and mycoplasma meleagridis are the most widespread pathogenic poultry mycoplasmas. the epidemiology of the infections, and clinical signs, lesions, pathogenesis, diagnosis and control of disease are described. in epidemiology, the constant antigenic composition, variation in virulence, tropism, survival of the mycoplasma outside and within the host and susceptibility to drugs are outlined. the significance of species, age and immune status of the hos ... | 1981 | 7287415 |
| vaccination of chickens with nonpathogenic mycoplasma gallisepticum as a means for displacement of pathogenic strains. | attempts to solve the problem of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) infection of poultry by a combination of eradication and antibiotic treatment have at best met with only partial success. as a result of the continuing economic burden of the disease, there has been a renewed interest in vaccination as a tool in the control of mg. a particularly pressing problem exists in the commercial egg industry, where the occurrence of mg infection of layer hens at the onset of egg production leads to a marked d ... | 1981 | 7287410 |
| mycoplasma-induced arthritis in poultry. | mycoplasmaa-induced arthritis of poultry under field conditions is almost entirely caused by mycoplasm synoviae (ms) infection. experimentally, mycoplasma synoviae, mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma meleagridis and mycoplasma iowae have all been shown to cause arthritis, tenosynovitis and lesions of periarticular tissue. however, greatest attention has been given to ms in this respect. the leg joints are most consistently involved, and of these particularly the tibiotarsal-tarsometatarsal and ... | 1981 | 7287403 |
| evaluation of a vaccine against mycoplasma gallisepticum in commercial broilers. | the efficacy of live mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) vaccine against respiratory mycoplasmosis was studied in three laboratory trials with commercial broilers. broiler chickens were infected with the f or r strain of mg by eyedrop at 1 day of age, and challenged by aerosol exposure to the r strain of mg along with eyedrop vaccination against newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis at 30 or 34 days of age. observations were made of macroscopic lesions, severity of airsacculitis, isolations of m ... | 1980 | 7271643 |
| vaccination with f-strain mycoplasma gallisepticum to reduce production losses in layer chickens. | the effect of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) infection or vaccination of conn. f-strain mg on 45 weeks of egg production was analyzed using production records from 132 flocks of commercial layer hens. the flocks were located in pennsylvania, and the data were collected for two years. on the average, layers maintained free from infection with mg laid 15.7 more eggs/hen housed than the mg-infected layers; figures were adjusted for layer-strain effect. this adjusted advantage decreased to 8.7 eggs/h ... | 1981 | 7259680 |
| immunological response of chickens to mycoplasma gallisepticum infection. | the cellular, humoral, and local immune responses of chickens to mycoplasma gallisepticum infection were studied at weekly intervals for 10 weeks. a cellular response was indicated by significant leukocyte migration inhibition (lmi) was demonstrated as early as one week postinfection (pi), but the maximum lmi of 36.4% was observed at seven weeks pi. induction of cellular response was further confirmed by positive-delayed type of hypersensitivity reaction, observed in all infected birds tested. t ... | 1981 | 7259674 |
| cross-immunity and antigenic relationships among five strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum in young leghorn chickens. | five strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) were tested for their cross-protection, virulence, and antigenic relationship in young leghorn chickens. chickens vaccinated at 1 day of age by eye drop with the f or r strain of mg had good protection against aerosol challenge with the f, r, or s-6 strain at 4 weeks postvaccination. chickens vaccinated at 1 day of age with the 503 or 730 strain had only partial protection against challenge with r, f, or s-6; the degree of cross-protection was relate ... | 1982 | 7150144 |
| egg transmission of two strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens. | the egg transmissibility of strains f and r of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) was studied in 53 pullets by isolating mg from the eggs and embryos. mg was isolated at rates of 3.19% and 1.59% from the eggs of hens exposed by aerosol to the r or f strain, respectively. however, mg was isolated at rates of 0.19% and 0.00% from the eggs of chickens exposed by eye drop to the r or f strain, respectively. a statistically significant reduction in egg production was observed during the first 4 weeks post ... | 1982 | 7150143 |
| early detection of tracheal damage in chickens by scanning electron microscopy. | fifteen-day-old chickens were inoculated with effective doses of cultured mycoplasma gallisepticum and treated with the antibiotic tiamulin or tylosin. scanning electron microscopy was used to detect early and late damages in the tracheal mucosa of the affected birds. edematous changes of various degrees were demonstrated as early as day 4 postinoculation. catarrhal changes were observed at day 10 postinoculation, and obstruction of the tracheal lumen by mucofibrinous plugs was observed at day 1 ... | 1982 | 7103901 |
| field evaluation of a microtitration complement-fixation test for diagnosis of mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens. | results of a direct microtitration complement-fixation (cf) test were compared with hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test results in diagnosing mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) infection of chickens in the field. of 16 flocks negative for mg by the hi test, eight were cf-positive. of nine flocks that were hi-positive for mg, three were cf-negative. it was concluded that the cf test is not effective in diagnosing mg infection of chickens in the field. | 1982 | 7103897 |
| detection of inhibitors in chicken tracheal washings against mycoplasma gallisepticum. | a chicken tracheal ring tissue-culture system was used to demonstrate that specific and nonspecific substances in chicken tracheal secretions inhibit the cilia-stopping effect (cse) of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg). in chickens less than six weeks old, specific inhibitory substances were found in tracheal washings from chickens inoculated with mg. nonspecific inhibitory substances were found in tracheal washes from untreated chickens seven weeks or older. complement may play a role in the inhibi ... | 1982 | 7092736 |
| low levels of mycoplasma gallisepticum or m synoviae agglutination reactors. | 1982 | 7090150 | |
| indirect immunoperoxidase technique for the assay of antibodies against mycoplasma gallisepticum and m. synoviae in chicken serum. | the indirect immunoperoxidase technique (iip) was applied to the assay of antibodies against mycoplasma gallisepticum and m. synoviae in chicken serum by using colonies grown on the agar plate as antigen. the sensitivity and the specificity of iip were evaluated by the use of sera from experimentally infected, filed, and spf chickens. as compared with tube agglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition tests, iip was highly effective and specific for detecting antibodies against m. gallisepticum ... | 1982 | 7043285 |
| long-term exposure of chickens to three levels of social stress. | cockerels were kept in environments characterized by high (hss), medium (mss), or low (lss) levels of social stress for 3 or 4 months. chickens raised in an environment of low light intensity (lss) gained more weight than did those raised under natural lighting. ability of chickens to produce antibody in response to antigen was greatly reduced, 2(15.4) in the lss group to 2(3.4) in the hss group, 1 day after chickens were moved from the lss environment into the hss environment. normal responsive ... | 1981 | 7020680 |
| [clinical and pharmacological studies of technical tylosin phosphate from pharmachem in poultry diseases]. | investigations on the healing anbd prophylactic effectiveness of the technical tylosine phosphate "pharmachim" with 50 iu/mg activity (pharmazin t-50) in some bird diseases were carried out. it was established that a dose of 20 g/kg fodder pharmazin t-50 applied 2 days pre- and 3 days post chicken mycoplasma gallisepticum infection protects the chickens completely from respiratory mycoplasmosis. in order to attain a sure healing and prophylactic effect in hen spirohetosis control 10 g/kg fodder ... | 1980 | 6998102 |
| production and persistence of antibodies in chickens to sheep erythrocytes. 2. resistance to infectious diseases. | a line of chickens selected for ability to product high antibody titers to sheep red blood cells exhibited stronger antibody to newcastle disease, was more resistant to mycoplasma gallisepticum, eimeria necatrix, a splenomeglia virus, and feather mites and less resistant to escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus infection than a line selected for a lack of ability to produce antibody titers. a line of chickens selected for a nonpersistance of antibody titers to sheep red blood cells was rela ... | 1980 | 6997852 |
| experimental infection of ducks with mycoplasma gallisepticum. | specific-pathogen-free ducks 24 and 180 days old were inoculated intranasally with the s6 strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg). no significant gross lesions were found in trachea, lung or air sacs at 7 or 28 days postinfection (pi). mg was recovered from the infraorbital sinus and trachea but not from the air sacs 7 and 28 days pi. a few ducks responded serologically by developing agglutinating antibody. mg multiplied in embryonated duck eggs but to lower titers than in embryonated chicken eg ... | 1983 | 6870721 |
| laboratory infection of house sparrows (passer domesticus) with mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae. | house sparrows were infected by aerosol with mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) or m. synoviae (ms). mg was reisolated from 5 to 11 sparrows 10 days postinfection, but infection appeared to be temporary. mycoplasma-free chickens reared in the experimental house became infected with mg during the trial. ms was recovered from only one sparrow. serological tests were unsatisfactory for diagnosing infected birds. the results suggest that house sparrows may be temporary biological carriers of mg. | 1983 | 6847547 |
| detection of mixed mycoplasma species. | immunofluorescence can be used to demonstrate mixed species within a mycoplasma culture; however, it may fail to do so if one species is present in very low numbers. to enhance the detection of minor components in such mixtures, a technique was developed, based on the growth inhibition test, whereby the growth of the major component in a mixed culture was inhibited, thus permitting the minor component to emerge. the method was applied to 67 field isolates from chickens and turkeys, which had bee ... | 1982 | 6749893 |
| mycoplasma challenge studies in budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus) and chickens. | an upper respiratory condition that resulted in 20% mortality in a flock of yellow-naped amazon parrots was apparently caused by a concomitant infection of mycoplasmas and bacteria. mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg), m. iowae, and an unidentified mycoplasma were isolated from the affected parrots. budgerigars were experimentally infected with a parrot strain of mg designated mg(p) 1669 as well as with the r strain of mg and the f10-2 strain of m. synoviae (ms). air-sac lesions were evident in all gr ... | 1984 | 6743176 |
| evaluation of attenuated strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum as vaccines in young chickens. | five trials were conducted to evaluate the virulence and the vaccination efficacy of the f, r, s6, and a5969 strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) at different in vitro passage levels. vaccination was done by eye-drop or aerosol, and efficacy was evaluated in terms of air-sac lesions after aerosol challenge with the r strain of mg. continuing medium passage of these strains of mg resulted in gradual attenuation. aerosol vaccination with highly attenuated mg at 21 days of age was more effectiv ... | 1984 | 6721807 |
| transferred humoral immunity in chickens to mycoplasma gallisepticum. | progeny chicks of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg)-infected and mg-free white leghorns were used to evaluate the protective effects of maternal antibodies against aerosol challenge with the virulent r strain of mg at 3, 7, or 14 days of age. interference by maternal antibodies with day-1 vaccination with the f strain of mg was also studied. in another trial, 8, 4, or 2 ml of high- or low-titered antiserum was given to 20-day-old commercial white leghorn chicks. protection was measured in terms of a ... | 1984 | 6721806 |
| evaluation of the microagglutination test in the diagnosis of mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens. | the sensitivity and specificity of the microagglutination (ma), serum-plate-agglutination (sp), and hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test for mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) were compared in groups of chickens infected with mg, m. synoviae, or pasteurella multocida or inoculated with bacterins prepared from staphylococcus aureus or erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. of the three tests evaluated, the hi test had the highest specificity, but it was the least sensitive. both the ma and sp tests were more ... | 1984 | 6721803 |
| correlation of titer, preservation method, and storage of mycoplasma gallisepticum f strain and the immune response in chickens. | the f strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) was used either fresh or after lyophilization or freezing at -60 c to vaccinate young leghorn chickens. vaccine stored either frozen or lyophilized for 22 months was also used. each vaccine preparation was given at dosages ranging from 10(5) to 10(9) colony-forming units/ml. all dosage levels of mg significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced air-sac lesion scores after aerosol challenge with the r strain of mg at 6 weeks postvaccination, regardless of t ... | 1984 | 6721801 |
| evaluation of inactivated mycoplasma gallisepticum oil-emulsion bacterins for protection against airsacculitis in broilers. | broiler chicks were vaccinated subcutaneously in the neck at various ages with a single 0.5-ml dose of beta-propiolactone-inactivated mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) oil-emulsion bacterin. four weeks later, vaccinated and control chicks were placed in cold environmental cabinets, infected with infectious bronchitis virus intratracheally, and 2 days later challenged by aerosol exposure to live mg broth culture. all chicks were killed 21 days later and scored postmortem for the rate and severity of ... | 1984 | 6721795 |
| temperature-sensitive mutants of mycoplasma gallisepticum. | mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) s6 strain was treated with nitrosoguanidine to obtain temperature-sensitive mutants. of the 101 colonies screened, 4 were found to be temperature sensitive. these mutants and the wild type organisms were serologically and morphologically identical. three of the 4 mutants failed to produce air sac lesions when inoculated directly into air sacs of the chicken. | 1984 | 6699219 |
| mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg)--laboratory and field studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of an inactivated mg bacterin. | a highly antigenic isolate of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) was utilized in the production of an inactivated, oil-emulsified mg bacterin (mgb). laboratory tests indicated that the bacterin was capable of protecting chickens from clinical signs of mg caused by intrasinus challenge with the r, s-6, pg-31, or 1150 strain of mg. vaccinated turkeys also were protected from clinical signs of disease when challenged with mg. use of the mgb in chickens under laboratory conditions resulted in a reduction ... | 1983 | 6688951 |
| mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in wild-type turkeys living in close contact with domestic fowl. | mycoplasma gallisepticum was isolated from 2 wild-type turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) and 1 domestic turkey living in close contact on a farm in tehama county, california. sinusitis was detected in 2 of 14 wild-type turkeys and in 1 of 12 feral broad-breasted bronze turkeys, but in none of several chickens on the premises. the entire mixed flock was captured, sinus aspirates were collected from affected birds, and blood samples were obtained from all birds for serologic testing. blood samples als ... | 1983 | 6643238 |
| indirect micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to mycoplasma synoviae and m. gallisepticum. | the sensitivity and specificity of the indirect micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was compared with that of the rapid serum-plate test (rspt) and the hemagglutination-inhibition test (hit) in detecting antibodies to mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and m. synoviae (ms). membrane antigens of mg strain s6 and ms strain nel 61800 were used. elisa was performed with single ms and single mg antigens and a combined ms/mg antigen. the ms-elisa was as sensitive as the ms-rspt and more sensiti ... | 1983 | 6639552 |
| utilization of temperature-sensitive mutants of mycoplasma gallisepticum to prevent air sac infections. | three stable temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants were obtained by treating the s6 strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum with 50 micrograms/ml of nitrosoguanidine. these mutants were morphologically and serologically indistinguishable from the parent s6 strain. mutants ts 37 and ts 102 were apathogenic, and ts 100 was moderately pathogenic to chickens when inoculated directly into the air sac. to turkeys, ts 37 remained apathogenic, ts 102 was slightly pathogenic, and ts 100 was highly pathogenic, in ... | 1984 | 6511327 |
| resistance of chickens immunized against mycoplasma gallisepticum is mediated by bursal dependent lymphoid cells. | newly hatched chickens were significantly protected against challenge by the virulent s6 strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum after vaccination with the ts 100 mutant. removal of the thymus did not abolish the protective effect of the vaccine, but removal of the bursa of fabricius did. the results suggest that the resistance induced by vaccine is mediated by the bursal-dependent lymphoid cells. | 1984 | 6495612 |
| demonstration of mycoplasma gallisepticum in tracheas of healthy carrier chickens by fluorescent-antibody procedure and the significance of certain serologic tests in estimating antibody response. | chickens naturally infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) were cultured by tracheal swab. although the chickens showed no signs of disease, they remained mg carriers many months after the acute phase of infection. when mg was isolated from tracheas, the agent was demonstrated also in smear preparations from tracheal mucus by the indirect fluorescent-antibody procedure. humoral immune response to mg was low, as detected by rapid serum-plate-agglutination, micro-tube-agglutination, hemaggluti ... | 1984 | 6435592 |
| mycoplasma gallisepticum isolation in layers. | mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) isolations in live chickens have been made from swabs obtained primarily from the trachea or nasal exudates. as tracheal swabs are often contaminated with feed and because tracheal swabbing may be stressful to the bird, this study was conducted to determine if swabs from the choanal cleft (palatine fissure) would yield mg isolation rates comparable to mg isolation rates of swabs taken from the trachea. commercial leghorns from 17 to 22 weeks of age were inoculated v ... | 1984 | 6387691 |
| a urease-elisa for the detection of mycoplasma infections in poultry. | an elisa utilising a urease-antibody conjugate specific to chicken igg was examined as an alternative to the serum agglutination and the haemagglutination inhibition tests in the diagnosis of mycoplasma gallisepticum and m. synoviae infections in poultry. use of a urease conjugate allowed the serum reactions to be appraised without the need for expensive photometric equipment. non-specific binding of conjugate to antigen was eliminated by treatment of antigen coated microplates with 10% foetal c ... | 1984 | 6378168 |
| application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibody to mycoplasma gallisepticum infections in poultry. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (myco-elisa) was developed to detect antibodies to mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) in chicken sera. the assay was standardized in terms of optimum antigen concentration, serum dilution, conjugate dilution and incubation temperature, and time. the myco-elisa antigen was prepared from mg whole bacterial cell or its disrupted cell suspension. both preparations showed strong affinity for binding or adsorbing to the surface of polystyrene wells of the microtiter pla ... | 1983 | 6342593 |
| influence of mycoplasma gallisepticum, infectious bronchitis, and cyclophosphamide on chickens protected by native intestinal microflora against salmonella typhimurium or escherichia coli. | chickens that have considerable resistance to salmonella typhimurium or escherichia coli infection by early development of a native intestinal microflora shed these bacteria following aerosol exposure to mycoplasma gallisepticum and/or infectious bronchitis virus. administration of cyclophosphamide to similarly treated chickens induced slight shedding of these bacteria, and the combination of cyclophosphamide and respiratory agents magnified the shedding rate. these agents also influenced the is ... | 1984 | 6331365 |
| the effect of oil-emulsion vaccines on the occurrence of nonspecific plate agglutination reactions for mycoplasma gallisepticum and m. synoviae. | six groups of ten 18-week-old mycoplasma-free white leghorn pullets were vaccinated with one of the following: mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) bacterin. haemophilus gallinarum bacterin, pasteurella multocida bacterin, combined infectious bursal disease (ibd)-newcastle (ndv) chicken-embryo-origin (ceo) vaccine. ibd-ndv tissue-culture-origin (tc) vaccine, or saline emulsified in oil; one group received no vaccine. plate agglutination tests for m. synoviae (ms) and mg were done for 10 weeks after vac ... | 1984 | 6331364 |
| further studies on the immunization of chickens with temperature-sensitive mycoplasma gallisepticum mutant. | newly hatched chickens were immunized with a temperature-sensitive (ts) mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) mutant (ts 100). immunized chickens resisted challenge with the virulent s6 strain. the dose of ts mg needed for protection was less than 3.3 x 10(4) colony-forming units. after immunization with ts 100, chickens were subjected to a variety of virus infection and immunosuppressive treatments. neonatal bursectomy or thymectomy, infectious bursal disease virus infection, and infectious bronchitis ... | 1984 | 6326734 |
| avian mycoplasma infections: prototype of mixed infections with mycoplasmas, bacteria and viruses. | mixed infections involving mycoplasmas, viruses and bacteria are well recognized in chickens. synergism has been demonstrated between mycoplasma gallisepticum and the viruses of newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis and escherichia coli, although the outcome of infection is influenced by many factors associated with the host and the organisms. airsacculitis in broilers due to m. synoviae or m. gallinarum may be precipitated by concurrent respiratory virus infections including vaccine strai ... | 1984 | 6324630 |
| effect of mycoplasma gallisepticum on genetically defined chickens. | three parameters were used to measure differences between arkansas progressor and regressor lines of chickens in response to mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculations. the responses of regressor and progressor lines to m. gallisepticum did not differ as judged by antibody response, severity of airsacculitis, and resistance of tracheal ring tissue cultures from 20-day-old progressor and regressor chick embryos to m. gallisepticum. | 1982 | 6284109 |
| pathogenicity of two strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum in broilers. | strains f and r of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) were compared in two laboratory trials for their relative pathogenicity in terms of inducing airsacculitis and antibody production to mg. chickens exposed to the r strain had significantly higher incidence of air-sac lesions (p less than 0.05) and greater severity of airsacculitis than did chicks exposed to the f strain. in both trials, chickens vaccinated simultaneously with newcastle disease-infectious bronchitis vaccine and exposed to mg had mo ... | 1980 | 6268040 |
| performance of 3 successive generations of specified-pathogenfree chickens maintained as a closed flock. | no antibodies against salmonella pullorum, mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma synoviae, haemophilus gallinarum, fowl pox virus, marek's disease virus, herpes virus of turkey, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, avian adenovirus, avian reovirus, infectious bursal disease virus, reticuloendotheliosis virus, avian leukosis virus, avian encephalomyelitis virus and newcastle disease virus were detectable in the sera obtained from these chickens in 3 generations at various ages. antibodies against i ... | 1980 | 6253742 |
| immunization of chickens with temperature-sensitive mutants of mycoplasma gallisepticum. | temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of the s6 strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) were used to immunize newly hatched chickens. immunized chickens developed antibodies to the wild-type (wt) s6 strain as demonstrated by serologic tests. mg was recovered from nasal cavities but not from the lower respiratory tract of the immunized chicks. three weeks after intranasal immunization, chickens were challenged via the air sacs with the virulent s6 strain. immunized chickens were significantly better ... | 1983 | 6227317 |
| observations on the pathogenicity of alcaligenes faecalis in chickens. | a series of trials was conducted in which specific-pathogen-free (spf) leghorn chicks were exposed to various isolates of alcaligenes faecalis. chicks were inoculated with a. faecalis alone or in combination with newcastle disease/infectious bronchitis (nc/br) vaccine, laryngotracheitis vaccine, infectious bursal disease virus, or mycoplasma gallisepticum. the response was evaluated by morbidity, mortality, airsacculitis, reisolation of a. faecalis, and histopathological lesions of tracheas. alt ... | 1983 | 6227315 |
| capsular material of mycoplasma gallisepticum and its possible relevance to the pathogenic process. | a ruthenium red-staining capsule was observed on two pathogenic strains, but not on one nonpathogenic strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum. the capsule appeared to mediate cytadsorption of mycoplasmas to the chicken tracheal epithelium without evidence of membrane fusion. no relationship was seen between the presence of capsule and hemagglutination titers of the strains examined. | 1982 | 6177640 |
| serological responses of chickens naturally infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum and the effect of tylosin on these responses. | 1967 | 6078266 | |
| pathology in chickens experimentally inoculated or contact-infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum. | 1967 | 6073844 | |
| the action of mycoplasma gallisepticum upon chicken, rabbit, and cow erythrocytes. | 1967 | 6069464 | |
| mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in germfree and conventional chickens: experimental studies with a culture of low virulence. | 1967 | 6033700 | |
| use of formalinized mycoplasma gallisepticum antigens and chicken erythrocytes in hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition studies. | antigens were prepared from mycoplasma gallisepticum in the logarithmic phase of growth and were treated with 2, 5, and 10% formalin by slow diffusion through a dialysis sac. chicken erythrocytes were similarly treated with 20% formalin. formalin-treated antigens hemagglutinated fresh and formalinized chicken erythrocytes. the antigens retained this hemagglutinating ability over an extended period. | 1967 | 6029826 |
| the incidence of mycoplasma gallisepticum, salmonella pullorum, salmonella typhimurium, and newcastle disease virus antibodies in certain wisconsin chickens. | 1966 | 6008331 | |
| control of chronic respiratory disease. vii. the effect of controlled versus natural infection of chickens with mycoplasma gallisepticum on egg transmission. | 1966 | 6007130 | |
| immunological competence of the chicken embryo and neonatal chicken to mycoplasma gallisepticum. | 1966 | 5928623 | |
| infectious coryza of chickens. v. influence of mycoplasma gallisepticum infection on chicken infected with haemophilus gallinarum. | 1965 | 5871448 | |
| eradication of mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in a chicken flock on a breeding farm. | 1968 | 5753133 | |
| methods of eradication of mycoplasma gallisepticum from chickens. | 1968 | 5751830 | |
| latent infection of chickens with mycoplasma gallisepticum. | 1968 | 5749601 | |
| penetration patterns of mycoplasma gallisepticum and newcastle disease virus through the outer structures of chicken eggs. | 1968 | 5749023 | |
| non-specific antibodies in chickens inoculated intratracheally with mycoplasma gallisepticum. | 1968 | 5695834 | |
| inactivated culture vaccine against mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens. | 1968 | 5690690 | |
| antibodies for newcastle disease virus and mycoplasma gallisepticum in sera from domestic chickens and game fowl of kenya. | 1968 | 5690176 | |
| early lesions in chicken and turkey embryos inoculated with mycoplasma gallisepticum strain s6 at various stages of incubation. | 1968 | 5686257 | |
| activity of bottromycin against mycoplasma gallisepticum. | 1968 | 5673297 | |
| serological and bacteriological observation of chickens intranasally inoculated with mycoplasma gallisepticum. | 1967 | 5587627 | |
| multiplication of mycoplasma gallisepticum and newcastle disease virus b1 strain in the respiratory tract of chickens. | 1971 | 5580498 | |
| influence of newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis live vaccines on chickens infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum. | 1971 | 5569702 | |
| interaction of mycoplasma gallisepticum, mild strains of newcastle disease virus and infectious bronchitis virus in chickens. | 1971 | 5569701 | |
| effect of tylosin on chickens infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum and the newcastle disease virus b1 strain. | 1971 | 5569697 |