Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| Prevalence and Isoforms of the Pathogenicity Island ETT2 Among Escherichia coli Isolates from Colibacillosis in Pigs and Mastitis in Cows. | To study the prevalence and isoforms of the pathogenicity island ETT2 among pathogenic Escherichia coli, as well as to determine the relationship between the ETT2 locus and other virulence factors, PCR amplifications target to the 35 ETT2-associated genes were established and used to investigate the presence of the ETT2 locus in 168 E. coli isolates from weaned piglets with edema and/or diarrhea or dairy cows with mastitis. The results showed that the ETT2 locus could be identified in the pathog ... | 2012 | 22002588 |
| European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) challenged with Escherichia coli O157 can carry and transmit the human pathogen to cattle. | European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) are an invasive species in the United States and are considered a nuisance pest to agriculture. The goal of this study was to determine the potential for these birds to be reservoirs and/or vectors for the human pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7. | 2011 | 21985308 |
| molecular epidemiology of mastitis pathogens of dairy cattle and comparative relevance to humans. | mastitis, inflammation of the mammary gland, can be caused by a wide range of organisms, including gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, mycoplasmas and algae. many microbial species that are common causes of bovine mastitis, such as escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, streptococcus agalactiae and staphylococcus aureus also occur as commensals or pathogens of humans whereas other causative species, such as streptococcus uberis, streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae or staphyloc ... | 2011 | 21968538 |
| host-response patterns of intramammary infections in dairy cows. | many different bacterial species have the ability to cause an infection of the bovine mammary gland and the host response to these infections is what we recognize as mastitis. in this review we evaluate the pathogen specific response to the three main bacterial species causing bovine mastitis: escherichia coli, streptococcus uberis and staphylococcus aureus. in this paper we will review the bacterial growth patterns, host immune response and clinical response that results from the intramammary i ... | 2011 | 21955443 |
| rapid identification of bovine mastitis pathogens by high-resolution melt analysis of 16s rdna sequences. | accurate identification of mastitis pathogens is often compromised when using conventional culture-based methods. here, we report a novel, rapid assay tested for speciation of bacterial mastitis pathogens using high-resolution melt analysis (hrma) of 16s rdna sequences. real-time pcr amplification of 16s rrna gene fragment, spanning the variable region v5 and v6 was performed with a resulting amplicon of 290bp. first, a library was generated of melt curves of 9 common pathogens that are implicat ... | 2011 | 21944716 |
| intermittent parenteral administration of endotoxin triggers metabolic and immunological alterations typically associated with displaced abomasum and retained placenta in periparturient dairy cows. | this study sought to investigate the effects of induced intermittent endotoxemia on plasma mediators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, humoral immunity, and clinical health status in periparturient dairy cows. sixteen pregnant holstein cows were blocked by parity and day of calving, and were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 different treatment groups. eight cows were infused intravenously (i.v.) with 100ml of sterile saline and served as the control group (con). the other 8 cows were infused i.v ... | 2011 | 21943748 |
| the effect of recurrent episodes of clinical mastitis caused by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and other organisms on mortality and culling in holstein dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to estimate the effects of recurrent episodes of different types of clinical mastitis (cm) caused by gram-positive (streptococcus spp., staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus spp.) and gram-negative (escherichia coli, klebsiella, citrobacter, enterobacter, pseudomonas) bacteria, and other organisms (arcanobacterium pyogenes, mycoplasma, corynebacterium bovis, yeast, miscellaneous) on the probability of mortality and culling in holstein dairy cows. data from 30,233 ... | 2011 | 21943738 |
| the preference for water nipples vs. water bowls in dairy goats. | previous studies have reported that the design of the water dispensers can influence the water intake in farm animals. horses and dairy cows seem to prefer to drink from an open surface whereas sheep and pigs apparently prefer water nipples, probably because of the worse water quality in water bowls. the aim of the present study was to examine the preference of dairy goats for water nipples or water bowls. | 2011 | 21939533 |
| intracellular reactive oxygen species production by polymorphonuclear leukocytes in bovine leukemia virus-infected dairy cows. | the present study assesses the oxidative burst activity from polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmnl) from bovine leukemia virus (blv)-infected cows. fifteen clinically healthy cows were divided in serologically positive cows without any hematological alteration, serologically positive animals with persistent lymphocytosis (pl) and healthy serologically negative cows. the oxidative burst activity from pmnl was evaluated by flow cytometry using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate as a probe. pmnl from ... | 2011 | 21937857 |
| Carbon nanoparticles as detection labels in antibody microarrays. Detection of genes encoding virulence factors in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. | The present study demonstrates that carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) can be used as labels in microarrays. CNPs were used in nucleic acid microarray immunoassays (NAMIAs) for the detection of different Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) virulence factors: four genes specific for STEC (vt1, vt2, eae, and ehxA) and the gene for E. coli 16S (hui). Optimization was performed using a Box-Behnken design, and the limit of detection for each virulence factor was established. Finally, this NAMIA us ... | 2011 | 21936575 |
| a perspective on the prevalence of dna enteric virus genomes in anaerobic-digested biological wastes. | the major goal of this study is to gain a perspective on the prevalence of dna enteric virus genomes in mesophilic anaerobic-digested (mad) sewage sludge and manure by comparing their quantitative pcr (qpcr) concentrations and removals with traditional fecal indicators (escherichia coli, enterococci, and bacteroidetes). in addition, relationships between qpcr and culture measurements of fecal indicators (fis) were determined. there was no significant difference between the qpcr concentrations of ... | 2011 | 21931949 |
| recent reports about enzymes related to the synthesis of prostaglandin (pg) f2 (pgf2α and 9α, 11β-pgf2). | prostaglandin (pg) f(2α) is widely distributed in various organs and exhibits various biological functions, such as luteolysis, parturition, aqueous humor homeostasis, vasoconstriction, rennin secretion, pulmonary fibrosis and so on. the first enzyme reported to synthesize pgf(2) was referred to as pgf synthase belonging to the aldo-keto reductase (akr) 1c family, and later pgf(2α) synthases were isolated from protozoans and designated as members of the akr5a family. in 2003, akr1b5, which is hi ... | 2011 | 21926128 |
| evaluation of cytokine expression by blood monocytes of lactating holstein cows with or without postpartum uterine disease. | whereas neutrophils are the main phagocytic leukocytes, monocytes and macrophages are actively involved in immunomodulation after infection. recent studies have demonstrated that neutrophil function is impaired by the state of negative energy balance around parturition, and that cows that develop uterine disease have a greater degree of negative energy balance than healthy cows. the objectives of this study were to compare monocyte gene expression and protein secretion of selected cytokines from ... | 2012 | 21924475 |
| Heparan sulfate proteoglycans mediate the angiogenic activity of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 agonist gremlin. | Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) modulate the interaction of proangiogenic heparin-binding vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) with signaling VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2) and neuropilin coreceptors in endothelial cells (ECs). The bone morphogenic protein antagonist gremlin is a proangiogenic ligand of VEGFR2, distinct from canonical VEGFs. Here we investigated the role of HSPGs in VEGFR2 interaction, signaling, and proangiogenic capacity of gremlin in ECs. | 2011 | 21921258 |
| Carriage of Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli by native marsupials in Australia. | Shiga-toxigenic strains of Escherichia coli (STEC) are zoonotic pathogens with human health, meat processing and trade impacts. Cattle are the principal reservoirs of STEC, although other animals can be carriers. The STEC status of Australian native marsupials has not been formatively described to date. The aim of the current study was to investigate carriage of STEC by native Australian marsupials in Southeast Queensland. Faeces from a variety of marsupial species, stratified by gastrointestina ... | 2011 | 21917387 |
| microbiological contamination of digested products from anaerobic co-digestion of bovine manure and agricultural by-products. | this study was performed to investigate the microbiological contamination of digestate product (dp) obtained from the anaerobic co-digestion of bovine manure and agricultural by-products. | 2011 | 21899580 |
| Reproductive tract defense and disease in postpartum dairy cows. | This paper briefly reviews recent data and concepts on the development and mitigation of infection and inflammation in the reproductive tract of dairy cows during the first 2 mo after calving. The incidence of metritis is typically between 10 and 20%, of clinical endometritis or purulent vaginal discharge (PVD) approximately 15%, and of subclinical or cytological endometritis a further 15%. Worse postpartum negative energy balance is associated with more severe or prolonged uterine inflammation. ... | 2011 | 21890187 |
| bovine recto-anal junction squamous epithelial (rse) cell adhesion assay for studying escherichia coli o157 adherence. | to develop a new adherence assay, using cattle recto-anal junction squamous epithelial (rse) cells, for evaluating bacterial adherence to cells of bovine origin. | 2011 | 21883734 |
| Association Between Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Food Animals and Blood Stream Isolates from Humans in Europe: An Ecological Study. | Abstract Background: In addition to medical antimicrobial usage, the use of antimicrobials in food animals contributes to the occurrence of resistance among some bacterial species isolated from infections in humans. Recently, several studies have indicated that a large proportion of Escherichia coli causing infections in humans, especially those resistant to antimicrobials, have an animal origin. Methods: We analyzed the correlation between the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in E. co ... | 2011 | 21883007 |
| comparative analysis of espf variants in inhibition of escherichia coli phagocytosis by macrophages and inhibition of e. coli translocation through human- and bovine-derived m cells. | the espf protein is secreted by the type iii secretion system of enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (epec and ehec, respectively). espf sequences differ between ehec o157:h7, ehec o26:h11, and epec o127:h6 in terms of the number of sh3-binding polyproline-rich repeats and specific residues in these regions, as well as residues in the amino domain involved in cellular localization. espf(o127) is important for the inhibition of phagocytosis by epec and also limits epec translo ... | 2011 | 21875965 |
| Selective reduction of the pathogenic load of cow manure in an industrial-scale continuous-feeding vermireactor. | Vermicomposting is a suitable technology for processing different wastes, to produce a valuable end product (vermicompost). However, the pathogenic load of the waste must be greatly reduced in order to prevent risks to human health. Although Eisenia andrei may reduce the levels of several pathogens, the feasibility of vermicomposting, with regard to pathogen reduction, has not been tested on an industrial scale. This work studied whether vermicomposting in a continuous feeding vermireactor, is a ... | 2011 | 21875788 |
| comparative genomics of multidrug resistance-encoding inca/c plasmids from commensal and pathogenic escherichia coli from multiple animal sources. | incompatibility group a/c (inca/c) plasmids have received recent attention for their broad host range and ability to confer resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents. due to the potential spread of multidrug resistance (mdr) phenotypes from foodborne pathogens to human pathogens, the dissemination of these plasmids represents a public health risk. in this study, four animal-source inca/c plasmids isolated from escherichia coli were sequenced and analyzed, including isolates from commercial dai ... | 2011 | 21858108 |
| lipopolysaccharide challenge of the mammary gland in bovine induced a transient glandular shift to anaerobic metabolism. | support of milk production in modern dairy cows demands a large proportion of its own metabolic resources, such as glucose, which might be required under stressful situations. the aim of the experiment was to test the hypothesis that acute immune stress shifts oxidative metabolism to glycolysis. two mammary quarters in 6 holstein cows were infused with lipopolysaccharide (lps), whereas the 2 counter quarters served as controls to the treatment. an additional 6 cows were infused with saline and s ... | 2011 | 21854919 |
| insights into mucosal innate responses to escherichia coli o157 : h7 colonization of cattle by mathematical modelling of excretion dynamics. | mathematical model-based statistical inference applied to within-host dynamics of infectious diseases can help dissect complex interactions between hosts and microbes. this work has applied advances in model-based inference to understand colonization of cattle by enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli o157 : h7 at the terminal rectum. a mathematical model was developed based on niche replication and transition rates at this site. a nested-model comparison, applied to excretion curves from 25 calves ... | 2011 | 21849385 |
| epidemiology of extended spectrum beta-lactamase e. coli (ctx-m-15) on a commercial dairy farm. | the epidemiology of an extended spectrum beta-lactamase escherichia coli (ctx-m-15) was observed and described on a commercial dairy farm located in the united kingdom. during 2008 longitudinal sampling of faecal pat samples from different cattle groups comprising milking and non-milking cows, calving cows, calves, and the environment was carried out. the proportion of ctx-m-15 e. coli positive samples was significantly (p<0.0.01) higher in milking cows (30.3%, ci(95%) 26.8; 33.8) than in the he ... | 2011 | 21840142 |
| a systematic review of vaccinations to reduce the shedding of escherichia coli o157 in the faeces of domestic ruminants. | the objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published literature to evaluate the efficacy of vaccines in reducing faecal shedding of escherichia coli o157 in ruminants. a systematic search of eight databases and land-grant university research reports using an algorithm adapted from a previous systematic review of pre-harvest interventions against e. coli o157 was conducted to locate all reports of in vivo trials of e. coli o157 vaccines in ruminants pu ... | 2011 | 21824378 |
| endotoxin-free purification for the isolation of bovine viral diarrhoea virus e2 protein from insoluble inclusion body aggregates. | abstract: background: protein expression in escherichia coli may result in the recombinant protein being expressed as insoluble inclusion bodies. in addition, proteins purified from e. coli contain endotoxins which need to be removed for in vivo applications. the structural protein, e2, from bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is a major immunogenic determinant, and is an ideal candidate as a subunit vaccine. the e2 protein contains 17 cysteine residues creating difficulties in e. coli expressio ... | 2011 | 21787435 |
| strategies for bacterial expression of protein-peptide complexes: application to solubilization of papillomavirus e6. | e6 is a small oncoprotein involved in tumorigenesis induced by papillomaviruses (pvs). e6 often recognizes its cellular targets by binding to short motifs presenting the consensus lxxll. e6 proteins have long resisted structural analysis. we found that bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv1) e6 binds the n-terminal lxxll motif of the cellular protein paxillin with significantly higher affinity as compared to other e6/peptide interactions. although recombinant bpv1 e6 was poorly soluble in the free s ... | 2011 | 21777678 |
| selection and expression of recombinant single domain antibodies from a hyper-immunized library against the hapten azoxystrobin. | three v(h)hs against the model hapten, azoxystrobin (mw 403) were isolated from a hyper-immunized phage-displayed v(h)h library. this library was constructed by isolating the v(h)h-coding genes from the lymphocytes collected from a llama glama that was immunized with azoxystrobin conjugated to bovine serum albumin (bsa). six rounds of panning were performed against azoxystrobin conjugated to either ovalbumin (ova) or rabbit serum albumin (rsa) to enrich clones containing v(h)hs specific to the h ... | 2011 | 21777591 |
| colostrum and amniotic fluid from different species exhibit similar immunomodulating effects in bacterium-stimulated dendritic cells. | the fetus and newborn are immunologically immature. bioactive compounds in amniotic fluid (af) and maternal milk therefore play a key role in the immunological development of the infant intestine. we hypothesized that colostrum and af exert similar immunomodulatory effects on the developing immune system. hence, bone marrow-derived murine dendritic cells (bmdcs) were co-incubated with clostridium perfringens a or escherichia coli nissle 1917 and porcine, bovine, or human af, colostrum/milk whey ... | 2011 | 21777143 |
| both the c-terminal polylysine region and the farnesylation of k-rasb are important for its specific interaction with calmodulin. | ras protein, as one of intracellular signal switches, plays various roles in several cell activities such as differentiation and proliferation. there is considerable evidence showing that calmodulin (cam) binds to k-rasb and dissociates k-rasb from membrane and that the inactivation of cam is able to induce k-rasb activation. however, the mechanism for the interaction of cam with k-rasb is not well understood. | 2011 | 21750741 |
| evaluation of escherichia coli o157:h7 translocation and decontamination for beef vacuum-packaged subprimals destined for nonintact use. | the translocation of escherichia coli o157:h7 as well as the impact of water washing and partial or complete surface trimming as possible pathogen reduction strategies were evaluated for vacuum-packaged beef subprimals destined for nonintact use. cap-on and cap-off beef top sirloin butts were inoculated with two levels of e. coli o157:h7: a high-inoculum level of approximately 10(4) cfu/cm(2) and a low-inoculum level of approximately 10(2) cfu/cm(2). following inoculation, the subprimals were va ... | 2011 | 21740705 |
| [microbiological quality of the water used in a random sample from dairy farms in c+¦rdoba, argentina]. | bacteriological contamination of well water and wash water in a random sample obtained from 50 farms from villa mar+¡a (c+¦rdoba) dairy area, argentina, was evaluated during a visit in 2007. forty six percent and 24 % of farms showed an aerobic mesophilic bacteria count higher than 500 cfu/ml in wash water and well water, respectively. escherichia coli was isolated in 20 % of samples from both sources. pseudomonas aeruginosa showed high frequency of isolation in well water (36 %) and wash water ... | 2011 | 21731973 |
| vaccination with type iii secreted proteins leads to decreased shedding in calves after experimental infection with escherichia coli o157. | escherichia coli o157:h7 remains a threat to humans via cattle-derived fecal contamination of food and water. preharvest intervention strategies represent a means of reducing the pathogen burden before harvest. in this study, the efficacy of a commercially produced type iii secreted protein (ttsp) vaccine was evaluated with the use of a commingled experimental calf infection model (30 placebo-treated animals and 30 vaccinates). the calves were vaccinated on days 0, 21, and 42 and infected with 1 ... | 2011 | 21731179 |
| immediate and carryover effects of gram-negative and gram-positive toxin-induced mastitis on follicular function in dairy cows. | this study compared immediate and carryover effects of mastitis induced by gram-negative endotoxin (e. coli lps) and gram-positive exosecretions (staph. aureus ex.) on preovulatory follicle function. synchronized, uninfected cyclic lactating holstein cows were treated with pgf(2+¦) on day 6 of the cycle and 36 h later, a dose of either e. coli lps (n = 8), s. aureus ex. (n = 10), or saline (n = 9) was administered into the mammary gland. follicular fluids and granulosa cells were aspirated 6 h l ... | 2011 | 21705051 |
| comparative expression profiling of e. coli and s. aureus inoculated primary mammary gland cells sampled from cows with different genetic predispositions for somatic cell score. | during the past ten years many quantitative trait loci (qtl) affecting mastitis incidence and mastitis related traits like somatic cell score (scs) were identified in cattle. however, little is known about the molecular architecture of qtl affecting mastitis susceptibility and the underlying physiological mechanisms and genes causing mastitis susceptibility. here, a genome-wide expression analysis was conducted to analyze molecular mechanisms of mastitis susceptibility that are affected by a spe ... | 2011 | 21702919 |
| the use of a radiotelemetric ruminal bolus to detect body temperature changes in lactating dairy cattle. | the objective of this study was to validate the efficacy of a radiotelemetric bolus (rtb) to detect changes in ruminal temperature resulting from (1) systemic illnesses that are associated with febrile responses and (2) subacute ruminal acidosis (sara). eight rumen-fistulated, lactating holstein cows (586±37 kg of body weight, 106±18 d in milk) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. each period consisted of 21 d. the factors were 2 diets, a mo ... | 2011 | 21700044 |
| internalization of escherichia coli o157:h7 by bovine rectal epithelial cells. | escherichia coli o157:h7 (o157) causes human diarrheal disease and healthy cattle are its primary reservoir. o157 colonize the bovine epithelial mucosa at the recto-anal junction (raj). previous studies show that o157 at this site are not eliminated by aggressive interventions including applications of o157-specific lytic bacteriophages and other bactericidal agents. we hypothesize that some o157 at the raj mucosa are protected from these killing agents by host cell internalization. to test this ... | 2011 | 21687423 |
| structures of glycosylated mammalian glutaminyl cyclases reveal conformational variability near the active center. | formation of n-terminal pyroglutamate (pglu or pe) from glutaminyl or glutamyl precursors is catalyzed by glutaminyl cyclases (qc). as the formation of pglu-amyloid has been linked with alzheimer's disease, inhibitors of qcs are currently the subject of intense development. here, we report three crystal structures of n-glycosylated mammalian qc from humans (hqc) and mice (mqc). whereas the overall structures of the enzymes are similar to those reported previously, two surface loops in the neighb ... | 2011 | 21671571 |
| naturally colonized beef cattle populations fed combinations of yeast culture and an ionophore in finishing diets containing dried distiller's grains with solubles had similar fecal shedding of escherichia coli o157:h7. | beef steers (n = 252) were used to evaluate the effects of dietary supplement on fecal shedding of escherichia coli o157:h7. seven pens of 9 steers (63 steers per treatment) were fed diets supplemented with or without yeast culture (yc) or monensin (mon) and their combination (yc × mon). yc and mon were offered at 2.8 g/kg and 33 mg/kg of dry matter intake, respectively. environmental sponge samples (from each pen floor, feed bunk, and water trough) were collected on day 0. rectal fecal grab sa ... | 2011 | 21669067 |
| [prokaryotic expression of recombinant bovine il-4 and development of monoclonal antibodies against bovine il-4]. | to express recombinant bovine il-4 (rboil-4) in escherichia coli and prepare monoclonal antibody (mab) against rboil-4. | 2011 | 21651868 |
| effects of sodium bisulfate on the bacterial population structure of dairy cow waste. | to determine the effects of sodium bisulfate (sbs) on the bacterial populations in cattle waste. | 2011 | 21651680 |
| [expression and antiviral assay of bovine interferon-gamma]. | bovine interferon-gamma (boifn-gamma) gene was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) from total rna of bovine spleen lymphocytes stimulated with cona. the products of rt-pcr were cloned into pvax1 vector, positive recombinant clone was identified by restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing. the recombinant plasmid pvax1-bolfn-gamma was transfected into cos-7 cells mediated by lipofectine, indirect immunofluorescent assay analysis confirmed that rboifn-gamma was ... | 2011 | 21650053 |
| etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of udder pathogens from cases of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows in sweden. | abstract: background: a nationwide survey on the microbial etiology of cases of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows was carried out on dairy farms in sweden. the aim was to investigate the microbial panorama and the occurrence of acquired antimicrobial resistance. moreover, differences between newly infected cows and chronically infected cows were investigated. methods: in total, 583 quarter milk samples were collected from 583 dairy cows at 226 dairy farms from february 2008 to february 2009. th ... | 2011 | 21649936 |
| mouldy feed, mycotoxins and shiga toxin - producing escherichia coli colonization associated with jejunal hemorrhage syndrome in beef cattle. | abstract: background: both o157 and non-o157 shiga toxin - producing escherichia coli (stecs) cause serious human disease outbreaks through the consumption of contaminated foods. cattle are considered the main reservoir but it is unclear how stecs affect mature animals. neonatal calves are the susceptible age class for stec infections causing severe enteritis. in an earlier study, we determined that mycotoxins and stecs were part of the disease complex for dairy cattle with jejunal hemorrhage sy ... | 2011 | 21639911 |
| study of polymorphisms in tir, eae and tccp2 genes in enterohaemorrhagic and enteropathogenic escherichia coli of serogroup o26. | abstract: background: enteropathogenic (epec) and enterohaemorrhagic (ehec) escherichia coli are responsible for food poisoning (enteritis and enterotoxaemia) in humans in developed countries. cattle are considered to be an important reservoir of ehec and epec strains for humans. moreover, some of the strains, belonging to the o26, o111, o118 serogroups, for example, are also responsible for digestive disorders in calves. the translocated intimin receptor (tir), the intimin (eae) and the tir-cyt ... | 2011 | 21624114 |
| comparison of virulence gene profiles of escherichia coli isolates from sows with coliform mastitis and healthy sows. | coliform mastitis (cm) is not only a serious economical and animal welfare touching problem in dairy cattle, but also in sows after farrowing. due to this disease, the essential adequate supply with colostrum for the growth and the health of the piglets is not ensured. besides other influencing factors, escherichia (e.) coli is of great importance as a causative agent of this multifactorial disease. in this study, e. coli isolates from milk samples of healthy and cm-affected sows were examined f ... | 2011 | 21621931 |
| a tricistronic human adrenodoxin reductase-adrenodoxin-cytochrome p450 27a1 vector system for substrate hydroxylation in escherichia coli. | cytochrome p450 (p450) 27a1 catalyzes 27-hydroxylation of cholesterol and 25-hydroxylation of vitamin d(3), serving as an important component for the maintenance of lipid homeostasis. in eukaryotic cells p450 27a1 is a membrane-bound protein located on the inner mitochondrial membrane and requires two auxiliary reduction partners, adrenodoxin (adx) and nadph-adrenodoxin reductase (adr), for catalysis in the bile acid biosynthesis pathway. a strategy was developed for the functional coexpression ... | 2011 | 21621619 |
| potential public health significance of faecal contamination and multidrug-resistant escherichia coli and salmonella serotypes in a lake in india. | objective: to assess the prevalence of faecal coliform bacteria and multiple drug resistance among escherichia coli and salmonella serotypes from vembanadu lake. study design: systematic microbiological testing. methods: monthly collection of water samples were made from ten stations on the southern and northern parts of a salt water regulator constructed in vembanadu lake in order to prevent incursion of seawater during certain periods of the year. density of faecal colifrom bacteria was estima ... | 2011 | 21620427 |
| beta-35 is a transferrin-derived inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth. | an angiogenesis inhibitor named beta-35 has been identified and purified from the conditioned medium of mouse pancreatic β cells tumor cells. beta-35 has a molecular weight of 35kda and inhibits dna synthesis of bovine capillary endothelial cells at a half-maximal concentration of approximately 5nm. it shows anti-angiogenic activity in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane at a dose of about 1μg/embryo. amino acid microsequencing and mass spectrometric analysis of the purified protein demons ... | 2011 | 21605550 |
| changes in thermal nociceptive responses in dairy cows following experimentally induced escherichia coli mastitis. | abstract: background: mastitis is a high incidence disease in dairy cows. the acute stage is considered painful and inflammation can lead to hyperalgesia and thereby contribute to decreased welfare. the aim of this study was to examine changes in nociceptive responses toward cutaneous nociceptive laser stimulation (nls) in dairy cows with experimentally induced escherichia coli mastitis, and correlate behavioral changes in nociceptive responses to clinical and paraclinical variables. methods: se ... | 2011 | 21592395 |
| stx genotype and molecular epidemiological analyses of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157:h7/h- in human and cattle isolates. | the relationship between human diseases caused by infection with shiga toxin (stx)-producing escherichia coli (stec) o157 strains and o157 strains isolated from cattle was investigated in an area where stockbreeding is prolific. for this purpose, the stx genotypes, the molecular epidemiological characteristics of 268 stec o157 strains including 211 human-origin strains and 57 cattle-origin strains, and clinical manifestations of 210 stec-infected people were analyzed. of 211 human-origin strains ... | 2011 | 21573816 |
| biomimetic anchors for antifouling and antibacterial polymer brushes on stainless steel. | barnacle cement (bc) was beneficially applied on stainless steel (ss) to serve as the initiator anchor for surface-initiated polymerization. the amine and hydroxyl moieties of barnacle cement reacted with 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide to provide the alkyl halide initiator for the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (atrp) of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (hema). the hydroxyl groups of hema polymer (phema) were then converted to carboxyl groups for coupling of chitosan (cs) to impart ... | 2011 | 21563843 |
| antibacterial peptides derived from caprine whey proteins, by digestion with human gastrointestinal juice. | peptides in caprine whey were identified after in vitro digestion with human gastrointestinal enzymes in order to determine their antibacterial effect. the digestion was performed in two continuing steps using human gastric juice (ph 2·5) and human duodenal juice (ph 8) at 37°c. after digestion the hydrolysate was fractionated and 106 peptides were identified. from these results, twenty-two peptides, located in the protein molecules, were synthesised and antibacterial activity examined. strong a ... | 2011 | 21554806 |
| prevalence of salmonella enterica, listeria monocytogenes, and escherichia coli virulence factors in bulk tank milk and in-line filters from u.s. dairies. | the zoonotic bacteria salmonella enterica, listeria monocytogenes, and escherichia coli are known to infect dairy cows while not always causing clinical signs of disease. these pathogens are sometimes found in raw milk, and human disease outbreaks due to these organisms have been associated with the consumption of raw milk or raw milk products. bulk tank milk (btm) samples (536) and in-line milk filters (519) collected from dairy farms across the united states during the national animal health m ... | 2011 | 21549046 |
| effect of repeated irrigation with water containing varying levels of total organic carbon on the persistence of escherichia coli o157:h7 on baby spinach. | the california lettuce and leafy greens industry has adopted the leafy greens marketing agreement (lgma), which allows for 126 most-probable-number (mpn) escherichia coli per 100 ml in irrigation water. repeat irrigation of baby spinach plants with water containing e. coli o157:h7 and different levels of total organic carbon (toc) was used to determine the epiphytic survival of e. coli o157:h7. three irrigation treatments (0 ppm of toc, 12 or 15 ppm of toc, and 120 or 150 ppm of toc) were prepar ... | 2011 | 21549040 |
| bovine leukemia virus infection in dairy cattle: effect on serological response to immunization against j5 escherichia coli bacterin. | thirteen bovine leukemia virus- (blv-) negative and 22 blv-positive holstein cows were immunized with j5 escherichia coli bacterin at dry off, three weeks before calving, during the second week after calving, and three weeks after the third immunization. serum was collected before the initial immunization, immediately before the third and fourth immunizations, and 21 days after the fourth immunization. anti-j5 e. coli igm, igg1, and igg2 titers were determined by elisa. anti-j5 e. coli igm titer ... | 2011 | 21547233 |
| technical note: validation of candidate reference genes for normalization of quantitative pcr in bovine mammary epithelial cells responding to inflammatory stimuli. | mammary epithelial cells (mec) participate in the first line of defense of the mammary gland to invading pathogens. in vitro culture of mec is widely used as a model to study the capacity of these cells to sense and respond to mastitis-causing bacteria. analysis of gene expression by quantitative pcr (qpcr) following exposure to bacteria or bacterial constituents is a powerful tool to assess responses of mec to pathogens. although internal standards such as reference genes are required for qpcr ... | 2011 | 21524534 |
| effects of differential supplementation of fatty acids during the peripartum and breeding periods of holstein cows: ii. neutrophil fatty acids and function, and acute phase proteins. | the objectives were to evaluate the effects of differential supplementation of ca salts (cs) of fatty acids (fa) on plasma acute phase proteins and both fa composition and function (i.e., activity and cytokine production) of neutrophils, during the peripartum and breeding periods. holstein cows were assigned randomly to receive either cs of palm (po) or safflower (so) oils from 30 d prepartum until 35 d postpartum (dpp) and cs of po or fish oil (fo) from 35 to 160 dpp. supplementation of cs of f ... | 2011 | 21524518 |
| assessment of an extraction protocol to detect the major mastitis-causing pathogens in bovine milk. | despite all efforts to control its spread, mastitis remains the most costly disease for dairy farmers worldwide. one key component of better control of this disease is identification of the causative bacterial agent during udder infections in cows. mastitis is complex, however, given the diversity of pathogens that must be identified. development of a rapid and efficient bacterial species identification tool is thus necessary. this study was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of bacterial ... | 2011 | 21524507 |
| transcriptional regulators of the gad acid stress island are carried by effector protein-encoding prophages and indirectly control type iii secretion in enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7. | type iii secretion (t3s) plays a pivotal role in the colonization of ruminant hosts by enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec). the t3s system translocates effector proteins into host cells to promote bacterial attachment and persistence. the repertoire and variation in prophage regions underpins differences in the pathogenesis and epidemiology of ehec strains. in this study, we have used a collection of deletions in cryptic prophages and ehec o157 o-islands to screen for novel regulators of t ... | 2011 | 21492263 |
| real-time quantification of mcra, pmoa for methanogen, methanotroph estimations during composting. | composting is the controlled biological decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms during predominantly aerobic conditions. it is being increasingly adopted due to its benefits in nutrient recycling, soil reclamation, and urban land use. however, it poses an environmental concern related to its contribution to greenhouse gas production. during composting, activities of methanogenic and methanotrophic communities influence the net methane (ch4) release into the atmosphere. using quantitati ... | 2011 | 21488508 |
| a prebiotic, celmanax™, decreases escherichia coli o157:h7 colonization of bovine cells and feed-associated cytotoxicity in vitro. | abstract: | 2011 | 21473767 |
| a novel two-stage tandem mass spectrometry approach and scoring scheme for the identification of o-glcnac modified peptides. | the modification of serine and threonine residues in proteins by a single n-acetylglucosamine (o-glcnac) residue is an emerging post-translational modification (ptm) with broad biological implications. however, the systematic or large-scale analysis of this ptm is hampered by several factors, including low stoichiometry and the lability of the o-glycosidic bond during tandem mass spectrometry. using a library of 72 synthetic glycopeptides, we developed a two-stage tandem ms approach consisting o ... | 2011 | 21472528 |
| phospholemman (fxyd1) raises the affinity of the human a1ß1 isoform of na,k-atpase for na ions. | the human a(1)/his(10)-ß(1) isoform of the na,k-atpase has been expressed in pichia pastoris, solubilized in n-dodecyl-ß-maltoside, and purified by metal chelate chromatography. the a(1)ß(1) complex spontaneously associates in vitro with the detergent-solubilized purified human fxyd1 (phospholemman) expressed in escherichia coli. it has been confirmed that fxyd1 spontaneously associates in vitro with the a(1)/his(10)-ß(1) complex and stabilizes it in an active mode. the functional properties of ... | 2011 | 21449573 |
| protection of aquo/hydroxocobalamin from reduced glutathione by a b12 trafficking chaperone. | we identified a bovine b(12) trafficking chaperone bcblc in bos taurus that showed 88% amino acid sequence identity with a human homologue. the protein bcblc was purified from e. coli by over-expression of the encoding gene. bcblc bound cyanocobalamin (cncbl), methylcobalamin (mecbl) and adenosylcobalamin (adocbl) in the base-off states and eliminated the upper axial ligands forming aquo/hydroxocobalamin (oh(2)/ohcbl) under aerobic conditions. a transition of oh(2)/ohcbl was induced upon binding ... | 2011 | 21429294 |
| genotypic-phenotypic discrepancies between antibiotic resistance characteristics of escherichia coli isolates from calves in management settings with high and low antibiotic use. | we hypothesized that bacterial populations growing in the absence of antibiotics will accumulate more resistance gene mutations than bacterial populations growing in the presence of antibiotics. if this is so, the prevalence of dysfunctional resistance genes (resistance pseudogenes) could provide a measure of the level of antibiotic exposure present in a given environment. as a proof-of-concept test, we assayed field strains of escherichia coli for their resistance genotypes using a resistance g ... | 2011 | 21421795 |
| bacterial survival studies to assess the efficacy of static pile composting and above ground burial for disposal of bovine carcases. | to assess the survival of bacteria during two alternative means of cattle carcase disposal in windrows: static pile composting (spc) and above ground burial in soil (agb), under temperate climate conditions on agricultural land, compared to surface disposal as the control method. | 2011 | 21395951 |
| evaluating the prevalence and genetic diversity of adenovirus and polyomavirus in bovine waste for microbial source tracking. | this study evaluated and compared the occurrence, concentrations, and genetic diversity of bovine polyomavirus (bpyv) and bovine adenovirus (badv) in manure and feces samples for the purpose of determining which of these two viruses is more suitable for bovine fecal indication and microbial source tracking. the comparability and correlation between concentrations/prevalence of these viruses and bacterial fecal indicators (cow-associated bacteroidetes, escherichia coli and enterococci) in manure ... | 2011 | 21394527 |
| modification of the bax system pcr assay for detecting salmonella in beef, produce, and soy protein isolate. performance tested method 100201. | the bax system pcr assay for salmonella detection in foods was previously validated as aoac research institute (ri) performance tested method (ptm) 100201. new studies were conducted on beef and produce using the same media and protocol currently approved for the bax system pcr assay for e. coli o157:h7 multiplex (mp). additionally, soy protein isolate was tested for matrix extension using the u.s. food and drug administration-bacteriological analytical manual (fda-bam) enrichment protocols. the ... | 2011 | 21391494 |
| application of classification and regression tree (cart) analysis on the microflora of minced meat for classification according to reg. (ec) 2073/2005. | in a retrospective study on the microbiology of minced meat from small food businesses supplying directly to the consumer, the relative contribution of meat supplier, meat species and outlet where meat was minced was assessed by "classification and regression tree" (cart) analysis. samples (n=888) originated from 129 outlets of a single supermarket chain. sampling units were 4-5 packs (pork, beef, and mixed pork-beef). total aerobic counts (tacs) were 5.3-¦1.0 log cfu/g. in 75.6% of samples, e. ... | 2011 | 21388752 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of fecal escherichia coli isolates in dairy cows following systemic treatment with ceftiofur or penicillin. | the objective of this longitudinal controlled trial was to determine the effect of systemic treatment with ceftiofur on antimicrobial susceptibility of fecal escherichia coli isolates in dairy cows. cows with metritis or interdigital necrobacillosis requiring systemic antimicrobial treatment were sequentially assigned to two treatment groups. the first group was treated with ceftiofur hydrochloride and the second with penicillin g procaine. untreated healthy control cows were selected for sampli ... | 2011 | 21381922 |
| in vitro effects of very low levels of aflatoxin b1 on free radicals production and bactericidal activity of bovine blood neutrophils. | as one of the most potent and hazardous feed/food-originated mycotoxins, aflatoxin (af) b1 is regarded as a potent immunosuppressor in dairy cows. neutrophils (pmn), as key effector cells against pathogens, have a high potential to kill engulfed microbes. to investigate the in vitro effects of very low doses of afb1 on blood pmn functions, we examined the effects of biologically relevant concentrations of afb1 on the phagocytosis and non-phagocytosis dependent luminol, representative of mainly i ... | 2011 | 21377741 |
| efficacy of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli vaccine for bovine clinical mastitis. | an enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) vaccine designed to prevent diarrhoea was inoculated into dairy cows, and the occurrence of clinical mastitis was investigated for 2 years. half of 480 cows in five farms were subcutaneously inoculated with etec vaccine (imocolibov) twice with a 1-month interval in 2007 and 2008. fisher's exact test and survival (time to event) analysis with the log-rank test were used to compare vaccinates and controls. in 2007, there was no significant difference in t ... | 2011 | 21371362 |
| in depth analysis of genes and pathways of the mammary gland involved in the pathogenesis of bovine escherichia coli-mastitis. | bovine mastitis is one of the most costly and prevalent diseases affecting dairy cows worldwide. in order to develop new strategies to prevent escherichia coli-induced mastitis, a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the host immune response to an e. coli infection is necessary. to this end, we performed a global gene-expression analysis of mammary gland tissue collected from dairy cows that had been exposed to a controlled e. coli infection. biopsy samples of healthy an ... | 2011 | 21352611 |
| differential gene expression of the toll-like receptor-4 cascade and neutrophil function in early- and mid-lactating dairy cows. | during early lactation, neutrophils display several reduced immune functions. particularly, a delayed recruitment of neutrophils into the infected udder seems to be one of the underlying events involved in the severity of postpartum escherichia coli intramammary infections. the purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of in vitro chemotaxis and diapedesis on the expression of toll-like receptor-4 (tlr4)-related genes in bovine blood neutrophils isolated from 10 early-lactating (el) and 10 ... | 2011 | 21338793 |
| molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative bacteria isolated from bovine mastitis in egypt. | the aim of this study was to characterize the genetic basis of multidrug resistance in gram-negative bacteria isolated from bovine mastitis cases in egypt. multidrug resistance phenotypes were found in 34 of 112 (30.4%) gram-negative bacterial isolates, which harbored at least one antimicrobial resistance gene. the most prevalent multidrug-resistant (mdr) species were enterobacter cloacae (8 isolates, 7.1%), klebsiella pneumoniae (7 isolates, 6.3%), klebsiella oxytoca (7 isolates, 6.3%), escheri ... | 2011 | 21338385 |
| effects of simulated dry and wet chilling and aging of beef fat and lean tissues on the reduction of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella. | the efficacy of dry and wet chilling and aging of beef as methods for the reduction of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella on lean and fat tissues was studied. samples were obtained from a harvest facility prior to antimicrobial interventions and were inoculated with a cocktail mixture of e. coli o157:h7 or salmonella to achieve a target inoculation of 6 log cfu/cm(2). wet chilled and aged samples were then suspended, sprayed (10 °c) continuously for 15 min and then sprayed for 1 min every 1 ... | 2011 | 21333151 |
| effects of cytoplasmic and periplasmic chaperones on secretory production of single-chain fv antibody in escherichia coli. | the effects of cytoplasmic and periplasmic chaperones on the secretory production of an anti-bovine ribonuclease a single-chain variable fragment (scfv) 3a21 in escherichia coli were investigated. co-expression of a cytoplasmic chaperone, groel/es, dnak/dnaj/grpe, trigger factor, or secb with 3a21 scfv affected the proportions of antigen-binding activity in the cytoplasmic soluble fraction, the periplasmic fraction, and the extracellular medium, but there was no significant difference in the tot ... | 2011 | 21324738 |
| the effect of lemongrass oil and its major components on clinical isolate mastitis pathogens and their mechanisms of action on staphylococcus aureus dmst 4745. | the aims of this study were to investigate the antibacterial activity of lemongrass oil (lg) and its major components which were citral, geraniol and myrcene, against four strains of clinically isolated bovine mastitis pathogens, including staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus agalactiae, bacillus cereus and escherichia coli by the broth microdilution method, as well as their activity on s. aureus biofilm formation. attempts to clarify their mechanisms of action by investigation of the effects on ... | 2011 | 21316719 |
| variation of inflammatory dynamics and mediators in primiparous cows after intramammary challenge with escherichia coli. | abstract: the objective of the current study was to investigate (i) the outcome of experimentally induced escherichia coli mastitis in primiparous cows during early lactation in relation with production of eicosanoids and inflammatory indicators, and (ii) the validity of thermography to evaluate temperature changes on udder skin surface after experimentally induced e. coli mastitis. nine primiparous holstein friesian cows were inoculated 24 ± 6 days (d) after parturition in both left quarters wi ... | 2011 | 21314974 |
| udder pathogens and their resistance to antimicrobial agents in dairy cows in estonia. | the goal of this study was to estimate the distribution of udder pathogens and their antibiotic resistance in estonia during the years 2007-2009. | 2011 | 21299911 |
| thermal denaturation produced degenerative proteins and interfered with ms for proteins dissolved in lysis buffer in proteomic analysis. | in 1-de, proteins were traditionally mixed with the standard laemmli buffer and boiled for several minutes. recently, proteins dissolved in lysis buffer were used to produce better-resolved 2-de gels, but thermal denaturation procedure still remained in some proteomic analysis. to determine the detailed effects of thermal denaturation on sds-page and ms, both 1-de and 2-de were performed using proteins heated at 100°c for different periods of time, and 17 protein bands/spots were positively iden ... | 2011 | 21298662 |
| microbial evaluation and public health implications of urine as alternative therapy in clinical pediatric cases: health implication of urine therapy. | cultural means of pediatric treatment during ill health is a mainstay in africa, and though urine has been known to contain enteric pathogens, urine therapy is still culturally applicable in some health conditions and also advocated as alternative therapy. the study therefore, is to evaluate the microbial contents and safety of urine. | 2010 | 21293739 |
| alkbh8-mediated formation of a novel diastereomeric pair of wobble nucleosides in mammalian trna. | mammals have nine different homologues (alkbh1-9) of the escherichia coli dna repair demethylase alkb. alkbh2 is a genuine dna repair enzyme, but the in vivo function of the other alkbh proteins has remained elusive. it was recently shown that alkbh8 contains an additional transfer rna (trna) methyltransferase domain, which generates the wobble nucleoside 5-methoxycarbonylmethyluridine (mcm(5)u) from its precursor 5-carboxymethyluridine (cm(5)u). in this study, we report that (r)- and 5-methoxyc ... | 2011 | 21285950 |
| [purification and characterization of recombinant human lactoferrin expressed in a cattle mammary bioreactor]. | novel ion exchange adsorbents were synthesized by immobilizing sulfopropyl derivative onto homemade highly cross-linked agarose beads. the effects of different ligand densities (from 0.05 to 0.24 mol/l) on static and dynamic adsorption of the adsorbents were investigated using lysozyme as a model protein. based on these results, rhlf was purified from the transgenic milk by our sp media. 1 ml high density (0.24 mol/l) adsorbent could handle 50 ml rhlf-containing milk. the mass recovery of rhlf w ... | 2010 | 21284219 |
| differentiation of fecal escherichia coli from human, livestock, and poultry sources by rep-pcr dna fingerprinting on the shellfish culture area of east china sea. | the rep-pcr dna fingerprinting performed with rep, box a1r, and (gtg)(5) primers was investigated as a way to differentiate between human, livestock, and poultry sources of fecal pollution on the area of xiangshan bay, east china sea. of the three methods, the box-pcr dna fingerprints analyzed by jack-knife algorithm were revealed high rate of correct classification (rcc) with 91.30, 80.39, 89.39, 86.14, 93.24, 87.72, and 89.28% of human, cattle, swine, chicken, duck, sheep, and goose e. coli is ... | 2011 | 21279641 |
| incn plasmids carrying bla ctx-m-1 in escherichia coli isolates on a dairy farm. | the aim of the study was to compare the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing escherichia coli bovine isolates on a conventional dairy cattle farm with high consumption of parenteral and intramammary cephalosporins (farm a) and on an organic dairy farm with no cephalosporin use (farm b). esbl-producing e. coli were isolated from rectal swabs and milk filters by selective cultivation on macconkey agar with cefotaxime (2mg/l). esbl genes were identified by polymerase chai ... | 2010 | 21276666 |
| long target droplet polymerase chain reaction with a microfluidic device for high-throughput detection of pathogenic bacteria at clinical sensitivity. | in this article we present a long target droplet polymerase chain reaction (pcr) microsystem for the amplification of the 16s ribosomal rna gene. it is used for detecting gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens at high-throughput and is optimised for downstream species identification. the miniaturised device consists of three heating plates for denaturation, annealing and extension arranged to form a triangular prism. around this prism a fluoropolymeric tubing is coiled, which represents the r ... | 2011 | 21271358 |
| cdna, genomic sequence cloning and overexpression of the ribosomal protein s13 gene in the giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca). | the cdna and the genomic sequence of ribosomal protein s13 (rps13) of the giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca) was cloned using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and touchdown-pcr, respectively. these two sequences were sequenced and analyzed, and the cdna of the rps13 gene was overexpressed in escherichia coli bl21. we compared the nucleotide sequences of the coding region and the amino acid sequences with those of seven other mammalian species retrieved from genbank. the ... | 2011 | 21268784 |
| lingual antimicrobial peptide and il-8 expression are oppositely regulated by the antagonistic effects of nf-κb p65 and c/ebpβ in mammary epithelial cells. | pathogen contact induces quickly in mammary epithelial cells (mec) the expression of the proinflammatory cytokine il-8 and delayed that of the bactericidal β-defensin lap. both genes encoding these factors feature on their proximal promoter a composite nf-κb/cebp binding site. we compare here in mec the role of nf-κb and c/ebp factors in regulating basal and pathogen-induced expression of both genes from cattle. abrogating nf-κb binding to that site by introduction of a single point mutation blo ... | 2011 | 21255844 |
| a novel organic-inorganic hybrid monolith for trypsin immobilization. | in proteomics, attention has focused on various immobilized enzyme reactors (imers) for the realization of high throughput digestion. in this report, a novel organic-inorganic hybrid monolith based imer was prepared in a 100 μm i.d. capillary with 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (glymo) as the monomer and tetraethoxysilane (teos) as the crosslinker. trypsin immobilization was achieved via the reaction between vicinal diol groups, which were obtained from hydrolysis of epoxy groups, and the ami ... | 2011 | 21253871 |
| transcriptional profiling of immune genes in bovine monocyte-derived macrophages exposed to bacterial antigens. | the involvement of toll-like receptors (tlrs) and other immune signalling genes during challenge of bovine macrophages with bacterial products derived from disease-causing bacteria in cattle was investigated. an in vitro cell culture model of bovine monocyte derived macrophages (mdm) was established and these cells were exposed to purified protein derivative (ppd-b) derived from mycobacterium bovis and to lipopolysaccharide (lps) derived from escherichia coli. following 24h incubation, total rna ... | 2010 | 21242003 |
| prevalence of shiga toxin-encoding genes and risk factors among dairy farmers in gyeonggi province, korea. | dairy farmers perform various types of work and are in direct contact with dairy cattle nearly every day. the purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of shiga toxin-encoding genes (stx) among dairy farmers and to evaluate the relationship between stx and risk factors. | 2011 | 21231809 |
| behavior of escherichia coli o157:h7 during the manufacture and aging of gouda and stirred-curd cheddar cheeses manufactured from raw milk. | this study was conducted to examine the fate of escherichia coli o157:h7 during the manufacture and aging of gouda and stirred-curd cheddar cheeses made from raw milk. cheeses were manufactured from unpasteurized milk experimentally contaminated with one of three strains of e. coli o157:h7 at an approximate population level of 20 cfu/ml. samples of milk, whey, curd, and cheese were collected for enumeration of bacteria throughout the manufacturing and aging process. overall, bacterial counts in ... | 2010 | 21219739 |
| validation of lactic acid bacteria, lactic acid, and acidified sodium chlorite as decontaminating interventions to control escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella typhimurium dt 104 in mechanically tenderized and brine-enhanced (nonintact) beef at the purveyor. | after three different outbreaks were linked to the consumption of nonintact meat products contaminated with escherichia coli o157:h7, the u.s. food safety and inspection service published notice requiring establishments producing mechanically tenderized and moisture-enhanced beef products to reassess their respective hazard analysis and critical control point systems, due to potential risk to the consumers. the objective of this study was to validate the use of lactic acid bacteria (lab), acidif ... | 2010 | 21219733 |
| destruction of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, listeria monocytogenes, and staphylococcus aureus achieved during manufacture of whole-muscle beef jerkyin home-style dehydrators. | adequate lethality in jerky manufacture destroys appropriate levels of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, listeria monocytogenes, and staphylococcus aureus. our goal was to evaluate the lethality of four home-style dehydrator processes against these pathogens. whole-muscle beef strips were inoculated with l. monocytogenes (five strains), s. aureus (five strains), or a mixed inoculum of e. coli o157:h7 (five strains) and salmonella (eight strains). after allowing for attachment, strips were ma ... | 2010 | 21219715 |
| intracellular fate of strains of escherichia coli isolated from dairy cows with acute or chronic mastitis. | research on mastitis in dairy cows caused by escherichia coli has reported the emergence of strains capable of inducing chronic mastitis and that these strains adhered to and internalized into bovine mammary epithelial cells better than strains of e. coli isolated from acute mastitis. to understand mechanisms and strategies used by chronic e. coli strains to survive intracellularly internalization studies using bovine mammary epithelial cells treated with inhibitors of caveolae-mediated endocyto ... | 2011 | 21207146 |
| antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles in three different sizes and their nanocomposites with a new waterborne polyurethane. | silver nanoparticles (agnps) are strong bactericidal agents but they are also cytotoxic. embedding them in a polymer matrix may reduce their cytotoxic effect. in the present study, agnps in three average sizes were tested for their antibacterial activities and cytotoxicity. nanocomposites from a new waterborne polyetherurethane (peu) ionomer and agnps were prepared without the use of any crosslinker. it was observed that the antibacterial activity of agnps against escherichia coli started at the ... | 2010 | 21187943 |
| population structure of rumen escherichia coli associated with subacute ruminal acidosis (sara) in dairy cattle. | previous studies indicated that only subacute ruminal acidosis (sara), induced by feeding a high-grain diet, is associated with an inflammatory response and increased abundance of escherichia coli in the rumen. we hypothesized that ruminal e. coli in grain pellet-induced sara carried virulence factors that potentially contribute to the immune activation during sara. one hundred twenty-nine e. coli isolates were cultured from the rumens of 8 cows (4 animals per treatment) in which sara had been n ... | 2011 | 21183045 |