Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| analysis of antigenic relationships among influenza virus strains using a taxonomic cluster procedure. comparison of three kinds of antibody preparations. | hemagglutination inhibiting (hi) monoclonal antibody preparations (ma) were raised against six influenza a (h3n2) strains from the period 1977-1982. twenty-three hybridomas were selected and titrated in hi assays against these strains and against 18 influenza a (h3n2) viruses isolated in the netherlands during the seasons 1981-1982 and 1982-1983. similar hi tests were performed with conventional post-infection ferret antisera and with ferret antisera adsorbed with heterologous strains of influen ... | 1985 | 3988875 |
| nucleoprotein and membrane protein genes are associated with restriction of replication of influenza a/mallard/ny/78 virus and its reassortants in squirrel monkey respiratory tract. | an avian influenza a virus, a/mallard/ny/6750/78(h2n2), was restricted in in replication in the respiratory tract of squirrel monkeys. avian-human influenza a reassortant viruses possessing the six rna segments coding for nonsurface proteins (i.e., internal genes) of this avian virus were as restricted in replication in squirrel monkeys as their avian influenza parent. these findings indicated that restriction of replication of the avian influenza virus is a function of one or more of its intern ... | 1985 | 3973966 |
| comparative electrophoretic study of polypeptides of influenza a/h3n2 viruses isolated in circumscribed geographical areas. | two distinct groups of influenza a/h3n2 viruses, closely related to a/bangkok/1/79 and to a/belgium/2/81, have been chosen from viruses isolated in italy during 1981 to 1983 with the aim of analysing the biochemical composition of their polypeptides. the strains of each group have shown differences in electrophoretic migration rates in one or more proteins in comparison to the prototype viruses. polypeptide mobility variations among isolates from circumscribed geographical areas and from single ... | 1985 | 3973565 |
| amino acid sequences of haemagglutinins of influenza viruses of the h3 subtype isolated from horses. | the amino acid sequence of the haemagglutinin of a/equine/miami/63 (h3n8), the prototype influenza virus of the h3 subtype from horses, is deduced from the nucleotide sequence of virus rna and compared with the sequences of haemagglutinins of viruses of this subtype isolated from humans [x-31 (h3n2)] and from birds [a/duck/ukraine/63 (h3n8)] and with the sequence of the haemagglutinin of a/equine/fontainebleau/79 (h3n8) a virus isolated from a recent outbreak of equine influenza. the amino acid ... | 1985 | 3973560 |
| role of serum in stimulation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte, luminol-dependent chemiluminescence by influenza a. | granulocyte membrane perturbation activates oxidative metabolism with the release of highly reactive species (o2-, h2o2, oh., and 'o2) and emission of light (chemiluminescence (cl)). using the cl response as a measure of oxidative metabolism, we assayed the effects of influenza a on the granulocyte respiratory burst. human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns) were isolated by ficoll-hypaque cushioning and dextran sedimentation. the isolated pmns were incubated with egg-grown influenza a (h3n2) vi ... | 1985 | 3970456 |
| efficacy of influenza vaccine in nursing homes. reduction in illness and complications during an influenza a (h3n2) epidemic. | from december 10, 1982, to march 4, 1983, when influenza a (h3n2) viruses circulated in michigan, outbreaks of influenza-like illness were identified in seven nursing homes in genesee county; 272 (27%) of 1,018 residents were affected. unvaccinated residents were more likely than vaccinated residents to become ill (risk ratio [rr], 2.6; 95% confidence interval [cl], 1.8-3.6) and were subsequently more likely to be hospitalized (rr, 2.4; 95% cl, 1.2-4.8), develop roentgenographically proven pneum ... | 1985 | 3968844 |
| prophylactic amantadine dose and plasma concentration-effect relationships in healthy adults. | amantadine dose, plasma concentration, prophylactic and adverse effect relationships for prevention of influenza a virus infection in healthy young adult subjects were investigated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. seventy-four subjects with hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers less than or equal to 16 against an attenuated influenza a virus af9/montreal/3/72 (h3n2) were randomly allocated to groups taking 0 (placebo), 25, 100, or 150 mg amantadine syrup prophylactically twice ... | 1985 | 3967455 |
| naturally acquired immunity to influenza type a. lessons from two coexisting subtypes. | when the h1n1 subtype of influenza reappeared in the northern hemisphere during 1977, after a 20-year absence, it behaved very differently from the h3n2 subtype still in circulation. in sydney, we studied the incidence of both subtypes of laboratory-proven influenza type a in 287 unvaccinated volunteers whose serum antibody titres were measured before and after each winter, to facilitate the detection of subclinical as well as clinical infection. during a 1977 epidemic, the a/victoria/3/75 strai ... | 1985 | 3965918 |
| cross-subtype protection in humans during sequential, overlapping, and/or concurrent epidemics caused by h3n2 and h1n1 influenza viruses. | a total of 663 pupils at four schools were studied serologically and clinically during a period of large sequential and/or mixed epidemics of infection with two subtypes of influenza a virus, h3n2 and h1n1. of 91 middle-school pupils infected with h3n2 virus shortly before and 82 pupils not previously infected with this subtype, 59% and 91% became infected with h1n1 virus, respectively; this difference was significant. similar results were obtained at the two primary schools studied. at a high s ... | 1985 | 3965596 |
| comparison of infection rats and severity of illness for influenza a subtypes h1n1 and h3n2. | in the houston family study, overall rates of infection for the three major outbreaks of influenza a from 1977 to 1981 were higher for subtype h3n2 than for h1n1. rates in school children were almost identical, but rates of infection with h1n1 were lower in adults and in preschool children, especially those younger than two years of age. however, rates for the two subtypes were similar in young children within families that experienced influenza a infections. in the total population overall illn ... | 1985 | 3965595 |
| [primary structure of the full-size dna copy of the np gene of influenza virus a/kiev/59/79 (h1n1)]. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the cloned full-length dna copy of a/kiev/59/79 (h1n1) influenza virus nucleoprotein gene has been determined. this strain is shown to be the natural recombinant that inherited its nucleoprotein gene from contemporary h3n2-influenza strains. the comparison with other np-genes reveals the probable localization of antigenic determinants and phosphorylation site of the np-protein. | 1986 | 3964309 |
| biochemical and antigenic analysis using monoclonal antibodies of a series of of influenza a (h3n2) and (h1n1) virus reassortants. | reassortant influenza a viruses with high growth capacity in eggs and suitable as candidate vaccine strains or as standard reagents for influenza ha quantification were prepared using the high yielding a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) as one parent and a number of 'wild' strains of influenza a (h1n1) or (h3n2) viruses as the other parent. the genetic and antigenic composition of the reassortants was determined. the parental derivation of genes in the reassortants was established by electrophoretic analysis of v ... | 1986 | 3962452 |
| in vitro production of anti-influenza virus antibody after simultaneous administration of h3n2 and h1n1 cold-adapted vaccines in seronegative children. | sixteen doubly seronegative (h3n2 and h1n1) young children were recently enrolled in a study of live, attenuated cold-adapted influenza a vaccines. twelve children received simultaneously h3n2 and h1n1 live, attenuated influenza vaccine intranasally and four received saline as placebo controls. peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) were obtained sequentially from all children and the in vitro production of anti-influenza h3n2 and h1n1 antibody from unstimulated and influenza stimulated cells was me ... | 1986 | 3962451 |
| electron microscopy of the low ph structure of influenza virus haemagglutinin. | influenza virus haemagglutinin mediates infection of cells by fusion of viral and endosomal membranes, triggered by low ph which induces a conformational change in the protein. we report studies of this change by electron microscopy, neutron scattering, sedimentation and photon correlation on x-31 (h3n2) haemagglutinin, both intact and bromelain cleaved, in various assemblies. has in all preparations showed a thinning at low ph, and a marked elongation which was removed on tryptic digestion, rev ... | 1986 | 3956479 |
| a reassortant between influenza a viruses (h7n2) synthesizing an enzymatically inactive neuraminidase at 40 degrees which is not incorporated into infectious particles. | cells infected with a reassortant (113/ho, h7n2) between a/fowl plague/rostock/34 (fpv, h7n1) and a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) carrying rna segments 1 and 6 of the hong kong virus and the residual genes of fpv, synthesized at 40 degrees a neuraminidase (na) which is enzymatically not active and which is not incorporated into infectious particles. at 40 degrees na accumulates in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. it contains mainly carbohydrate side chains of the mannose type, and fucose is only scarcel ... | 1986 | 3952990 |
| severity of fever in influenza: differential pyrogenicity in ferrets exhibited by h1n1 and h3n2 strains of differing virulence. | intracardial inoculation of large quantities (200 micrograms viral protein/kg body weight) of infectious or u.v.-inactivated purified influenza viruses into ferrets resulted in a rapid febrile response which was significantly lower for two recently isolated h1n1 viruses, a/ussr/90/77 and a/fiji/15899/83, than for two virulent clones, 7a and 64c, of the a/puerto rico/8/34-a/england/939/69 (h3n2) reassortant virus system. these results, which are in accord with the severity of fever produced by th ... | 1986 | 3950579 |
| comparative studies of h3n2 influenza virus strains isolated in may-june, 1982, and in the subsequent epidemic in february, 1983: antigenic and genome analysis. | comparative studies have been undertaken on the h3n2 influenza virus strains isolated in leningrad in may-june, 1982 and those isolated in the subsequent winter epidemic in february, 1983. analysis of the isolates with ferret antisera against standard influenza viruses of the h3n2 subtype and with monoclonal antibodies against a/bangkok/1/79 virus revealed a considerable but similar degree of heterogeneity in the ha antigenic specificity of the strains isolated in the spring-summer, 1982, as in ... | 1986 | 3947238 |
| studies of influenza haemagglutinin-mediated membrane fusion. | a resonance energy transfer assay of membrane fusion developed by p. s. uster and d. w. deamer (biochemistry 24, 1-8 (1985)) was used in a study of influenza haemagglutinin-mediated fusion. the characteristics of fusion and haemolysis by x-31 (h3n2) virus, a number of mutants of x-31 which fuse membranes at higher ph, and purified haemagglutinins released from virus particles either by detergent dissociation or by bromelain digestion were compared with particular regard to ph and temperature dep ... | 1986 | 3946080 |
| an antigenic analysis using monoclonal antibodies of influenza a (h3n2) viruses isolated from an epidemic in a semi-closed community. | seventy-eight influenza a (h3n2) viruses isolated from a single epidemic in a semi-closed community involving 203 clinical cases were characterized using a panel of monoclonal antibodies to virus haemagglutinin (ha). thirty groups of antigenically distinguishable viruses were detected but the majority (41%) of the viruses belonged to two serological groupings, designated 11 and 17. viruses in serological group 11 were present throughout the outbreak. the greatest diversity of antigenic variants ... | 1986 | 3944586 |
| reinfection with influenza a (h2n2, h3n2, and h1n1) viruses in soldiers and students in japan. | reinfection with influenza a virus was studied by measuring hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody responses to infection in paired sera taken from groups of soldiers and students. among 62 soldiers severely infected during the first wave of the a/asian/57 (h2n2) pandemic in 1957, 17 were asymptomatically reinfected with the same virus within six months. in the 1962 epidemic the rate increased to 41%. among reinfected soldiers studied, 68% had an asymptomatic infection; only 10% were severely symp ... | 1986 | 3941288 |
| the demonstration of the influenza virus by the method of the immune electron microscopy. | the direct and indirect method of the immune electron microscopy (iem) was used for the identification of two influenza viruses of the type a--[strain a/chabarovsk/77 (h1n1) and a/texas/77 (h3n2)]--by means of reference specific rat- and human- convalescent sera. in the cross-testing different dilutions of the virus in the allantoic fluid and of the sera were examined for the determination of the appropriate rates for the formation of the immunocomplexes. in the demonstration of the immunocomple ... | 1985 | 3926876 |
| antigenic variation of influenza a (h3n2) virus in relation to influenza epidemics in shanghai (1968-1977). | 1985 | 3922694 | |
| [cloning of the hemagglutinin gene of influenza virus of subtype h3 in e. coli]. | dsdna of the influenza virus subtype a/leningrad/385/80/r (h3n2)-recombinant a/leningrad/385/80 (h3n2) and rr/8/34 (h1n1) has been synthesized using polyadenylated viral rna as a template. this dsdna has been cloned on plasmid puc19. a clone has been selected harbouring the plasmid with included proximal fragment of hemagglutinin gene that contains the main antigenic determinants. the hybrid plasmid is hybridizable with rna of the hemagglutinin gene and with oligonucleotide catgcaaaaccttccc that ... | 1985 | 3916214 |
| [isolation of the internal proteins of the influenza virus by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for obtaining monospecific antisera]. | the principal possibility of isolation of internal proteins (m and np) of influenza type a (h1n1 and h3n2) and b viruses by sds-pag preparative electrophoresis and preparation of monospecific antisera to these proteins was demonstrated. the resulting preparations may be used for testing the biological objects by enzymeimmunoassay. | 1985 | 3913133 |
| visualization of the fate of inactive influenza viruses in daudi cells by electron microscopy. | the replication of active and inactivated influenza viruses in daudi lymphoma cells was studied by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. in a previous study, we demonstrated that active and heat-inactivated x47 (h3n2) virus arrested daudi cell growth by inhibiting cellular dna synthesis while formalin-treated x47 virus did not. transmission electron microscopic studies revealed that both the active and the heat-inactivated x47 virus penetrated into the cells. only the active x47 (xa) virus ... | 1985 | 3912969 |
| [use of a method of molecular nucleic acid hybridization for the rapid diagnosis of influenza]. | a highly sensitive method of pinpoint hybridization of nucleic acids on nitrocellulose filters using 32p-labeled pha plasmid carrying a dna copy of hemagglutinin gene of influenza a/udorn/307/72 (h3n2) was developed which permitted specific detection of minimal amounts of rna (units of pikograms) of influenza a virus with h3 serotype hemagglutinin. the method of pinpoint hybridization was used for the detection of rna of influenza a (h3 serotype) in nasopharyngeal washings of patients with acute ... | 1985 | 3907140 |
| use of influenza a virus vaccines in seronegative children: live cold-adapted versus inactivated whole virus. | we report the safety and antigenicity of influenza a vaccines in seronegative children one to seven years of age. a natural h1n1 challenge that occurred shortly after completion of the vaccination program permitted an evaluation of efficacy. twenty-eight subjects were inoculated with live cold-adapted (ca) influenza a/washington/897/80 (h3n2), 29 with ca influenza a/california/10/78 (h1n1), 24 with inactivated whole-virus influenza a/bangkok/79 (h3n2), and 30 with a placebo. the ca vaccines were ... | 1985 | 3905983 |
| simultaneous administration of live, attenuated influenza a vaccines representing different serotypes. | two live, attenuated cold-adapted influenza a vaccines representing current h1n1 and h3n2 serotypes were simultaneously administered intranasally to doubly seronegative children. no clinical illness resulted. characterization of virus shedding demonstrated shedding of both original vaccine strains and of reassortant virus with the h3n1 and h1n2 phenotype. a serum immune response to both serotypes was demonstrated. the successful simultaneous administration of two influenza a vaccine strains enha ... | 1985 | 3904259 |
| infection of cultured human muscle cells by influenza virus. | in a search for myotropic viruses with a potential to initiate muscle autoimmunity, we found that two strains of influenza a virus, a/england/863/78 (h3n2) and the reassortant virus x-47 (h3n2), could infect human syncytial myotubes lytically. the x-47 strain could, in addition, infect unicellular precursor myoblasts. intracellular viral protein synthesis was demonstrated by pulse-labelling studies in both cell types with both virus strains. by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy, v ... | 1985 | 3903046 |
| [hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies to influenza viruses]. | six hybrid clones producing monoclonal antibodies (mca) to influenza a/fmi/47 virus and 9 hybrid clones producing mca to influenza a/ussr/090/77 virus have been developed. the resulting mca have been shown to be highly specific for influenza viruses of h1n1 serotype and differentiating h1n1 viruses from h0n1 and h3n2. in 3 out of 11 hybrid clones under study, unique marker chromosomes not occurring in cells of the myeloma parents have been found. | 1985 | 3887755 |
| t-enriched spleen cells in delayed-type hypersensitivity to influenza virus in mice. | restimulation in vitro of t-enriched spleen cells from cba mice with influenza virus a/bangkok 1/79/h3n2 or its hemagglutinin (ha) leads to enhancement of delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) to virus and ha in recipients of transfer. the enhancement of dth measured by tail swelling is accompanied by 20-fold increase of binding affinity of transferring cells to ha measured by saturation analysis. dth induced by ha in vivo is weaker than induced by virus in this system. however, when ha is used in ... | 1985 | 3878696 |
| human peripheral blood mononuclear cells produce iga anti-influenza virus antibody in a secondary in vitro antibody response. | the function and immunoregulation of human iga memory b cells producing anti-influenza virus antibody was analyzed in vitro in antigen-stimulated cultures. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from seven of eight normal adult volunteers naturally immunized to influenza virus produced iga anti-influenza virus antibody when stimulated in vitro with inactivated a/aichi/68 [h3n2] influenza virus. this iga antibody response was approximately one-eighth the igg antibody response. pbmc from each o ... | 1985 | 3874224 |
| current status of amantadine and rimantadine as anti-influenza-a agents: memorandum from a who meeting. | amantadine (1-adamantanamine hydrochloride), an anti-influenza drug, effectively inhibits the replication of all human subtypes of influenza a virus (h1n1, h2n2 and h3n2) both in laboratory studies and in a variety of clinical situations in young and old persons. so far, it has been used on a relatively limited scale by community and hospital clinicians, partly because of concern over mild side-effects in approximately 6% of persons. the related compound, rimantadine (alpha-methyl-1-adamantane-m ... | 1985 | 3872736 |
| sensitization of mice with wild-type and cold-adapted influenza virus variants: immune response to two h1n1 and h3n2 viruses. | two a strain influenza viruses, a/hong kong/123/77 (a/hk/123/77) (h1n1) and a/queensland/6/72 (a/qld/6/72) (h3n2), and the two cold-adapted reassortants which possess the surface antigens of these strains (cr35 and cr6, respectively) were tested for their ability both to induce primary cytotoxic t-cell (tc cell) responses in mice and to sensitize mice for a second tc cell response when challenged with a distantly related a strain virus, a/shearwater/72 (h6n5). after intranasal inoculation, a/qld ... | 1985 | 3871484 |
| fusion of influenza virus membranes with liposomes at ph 7.5. | influenza virus x-31 (h3n2) membranes fuse with liposomes containing ganglioside gd1a at ph 7.5. fusion was demonstrated by electron microscopy and also can be measured by counting the labeled virus proteins incorporated into liposomes after bound virus has been removed. liposomes composed of lipids that have no net charge behave as reported by other investigators and do not fuse with influenza x-31 membranes at neutral ph, but they do fuse at low ph. therefore, the liposomal composition is a fa ... | 1985 | 3860813 |
| development of subtype-specific and heterosubtypic antibodies to the influenza a virus hemagglutinin after primary infection in children. | children undergoing primary infection with an h1n1 or h3n2 influenza a virus developed subtype-specific hemagglutination inhibition antibodies and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibodies to purified hemagglutinin (ha) of the infecting virus subtype. they also developed lower titered elisa antibodies to the noninfecting h1 or h3 ha and to h8 (an avian strain) ha. thus, after primary infection with an influenza a virus, children develop enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, but not hemagglutinat ... | 1985 | 3839001 |
| n-acetylneuraminyllactosylceramide, gm3-neuac, a new influenza a virus receptor which mediates the adsorption-fusion process of viral infection. binding specificity of influenza virus a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) to membrane-associated gm3 with different molecular species of sialic acid. | agglutinates of native chicken erythrocytes caused by influenza virus a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) at 4 degrees c were potently fused and lysed at low ph (optimum ph 5.3) at 37 degrees c. exogenous gangliosides gm3 (sia alpha 2-3gal beta 1-4glc beta 1-ceramide) and gm2 (galnac beta 1-4(sia alpha 2-3)-gal beta 1-4glc beta 1-ceramide) were integrated into the membranes of chicken asialoerythrocytes within 5-min incubation at 37 degrees c. we found that the incorporation of ganglioside gm3 containing n-acet ... | 1985 | 3838173 |
| [pathologico-anatomic findings in sudden, unexpected death in children and adults with influenza a infection]. | thé following observations resulted from studies on forensic autopsy cases: in 76% of the adults and 55% of the infants the cases of unexpected sudden death without morphologically verifiable causes of death showed virologic evidence of recent influenza-a (h3n2)-infection. the pathologic findings corresponded with the findings in lethal infections with influenza-a viruses. investigation of cases of sudden and unexpected death should always include virologic serum tests. the demonstration of igm ... | 1986 | 3825314 |
| [epidemiologic surveillance of influenza in rome 1982-1984]. | in the periods from july 1982 to june 1983 and july 1983 to june 1984, 31 strains of influenza virus, of which 19 a/h3n2 6 a/h1n1 and 6 type b, were isolated from 242 throat cultures obtained from patients with acute febrile respiratory disease. a seroepidemiological survey on 520 serum samples confirms significant activity of influenza viruses during the winterly period of 1983-1984. in the period july-august 1983 the evaluation of mortality from respiratory diseases presents an excess in respe ... | 1986 | 3823365 |
| [evolution of the hemagglutinin gene of human influenza a virus h3 subtype]. | an evolutional tree of human influenza viruses of the h3n2-subtype is suggested on the basis of combined published primary structures of the hemagglutinin ha1-subunit. possible differences between natural and sequenced structures are discussed. a tendency to reversions in the course of antigenic draft within the subtype has been revealed to support the hypothesis of limited antigenic evolution within a single subtype. | 1986 | 3821759 |
| demonstration of an immunosuppressive action of detergent-disrupted influenza virus on the antibody response to inactivated whole virus vaccine. | in a series of experiments performed in hamsters and mice, administration of mixtures of detergent-disrupted (sv) influenza a x49 (h3n2) virus and inactivated x49 whole virus (wv) vaccine induced lower serum antibody titres than equivalent or lower doses of wv vaccine alone. this reduction in antibody titre was also observed using influenza a (h1n1) and influenza b (b/hong kong/8/73) sv and wv vaccine preparations. the results suggested that sv preparations can suppress the serum antibody respon ... | 1987 | 3819697 |
| host cell-mediated variation in h3n2 influenza viruses. | the influence of the host cell on the selection of antigenic variants of influenza a h3n2 viruses and the relevance of host cell selection to the induction of immunity by these viruses have been investigated. influenza viruses were isolated from human clinical samples during a single epidemic, were passaged in mammalian madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells or in embryonated hens eggs, and were tested for antigenic variability in the hemagglutinin (ha) molecule with a panel of monoclonal antibo ... | 1987 | 3811239 |
| evaluation of the efficacy of split-product trivalent a(h1n1), a(h3n2), and b influenza vaccines: reactogenicity, immunogenicity and persistence of antibodies following two doses of vaccines. | the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of tween-ether split trivalent a(h1n1), a(h3n2), and b influenza vaccine in primary school children aged seven to 12 years, and the persistence of antibodies following two doses of vaccine were studied during 1980-1984. adverse reactions were infrequent, and, even when reported, were chiefly local ones, mild in nature and of short duration. most of the reactions were less frequent after the second dose than after the first dose. most of the systemic reaction ... | 1986 | 3807793 |
| intraepidemic heterogeneity of influenza a (h3n2) viruses in 1985: antigenic analysis and sensitivity to non-specific inhibitors. | during the influenza outbreak of 1984-85 22 strains of h3n2 viruses were isolated in finland. an intra-epidemic heterogeneity was demonstrated in an antigenic analysis by haemagglutination inhibition test with antisera produced in rats. the strains could be classified into three groups which corresponded to the following reference strains: group i: a/hong kong/1/84, a/hong kong/3/84; group ii: a/philippines/2/82; group iii: a/caen/1/84. seven of the isolates were entirely insensitive to gamma-in ... | 1986 | 3807442 |
| influenza activity in czechoslovakia and the ussr, 1980-1985. | between 1980 and 1985, czechoslovakia had experienced 4 and the ussr 3 major influenza outbreaks. of the 3 epidemic outbreaks in the ussr, 2 were associated with influenza b virus (in the 1980/81 and 1983/84 seasons) and 1 with influenza a virus of the h3n2 subtype. in the ussr, influenza a (h1n1) virus never predominated as a cause of epidemic during the 5 years period. in czechoslovakia, 2 epidemics (in the 1980/81 and 1983/84 seasons) were due to influenza a (h1n1) virus. the epidemic in the ... | 1986 | 3805712 |
| [quantitative characteristics of the process of solubilizing hemagglutinin isolated from influenza viruses h1n1 and h3n2]. | quantitative characteristics of the process of solubilization of influenza h1n1 and h3n2 virus hemagglutinin treated with bromeline enzyme were studied. after a long-time contact of viruses with the enzyme the hemagglutinin was found to be destroyed significantly. certain conditions should be observed in order to increase the amount of hemagglutinin separated by the enzyme and its final yield. first, the quality of the original virus concentrate should be evaluated by electron microscopy. second ... | 1986 | 3798905 |
| [characteristics of different recombinants of the philippine variety of influenza virus h3n2]. | the paper presents the results of generating influenza virus recombinants by hybridization of the laboratory a/pr8/34 strain with epidemic a/philippines 2/82 virus and studies of a number of their biological properties. a highly temperature-sensitive recombinant with mutational damages in the hemagglutinin gene was detected. | 1986 | 3798904 |
| laboratory studies of the 1984 influenza epidemic on the witwatersrand. | a particularly severe outbreak of influenza occurred on the witwatersrand from may to august 1984, caused sequentially by influenza a (h3n2), b/influenza and influenza a (h1n1) viruses. although the precise extent of the infection was impossible to determine, valuable anecdotal information was provided by a network of sentinel sampling stations in private practices, clinics and hospitals, representing a cross-section of population groups on the witwatersrand. this active surveillance programme w ... | 1986 | 3798269 |
| amantadine resistance in clinical influenza a (h3n2) and (h1n1) virus isolates. | thirty-nine influenza a (h1n1) and (h3n2) virus isolates were examined for their susceptibility to amantadine in allantois-on-shell (aos) cultures. a range of susceptibilities was found when isolates were titrated in the presence of 2.5 mg/l amantadine. further titration of resistant isolates at 25 mg/l revealed one isolate which remained totally resistant at this higher concentration. a series of cloned viruses was derived from this resistant isolate, and one other partially resistant isolate, ... | 1986 | 3793655 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of the nucleoprotein gene of an avian and a human influenza virus strain identifies two classes of nucleoproteins. | the nucleotide sequences of rna segment 5 of an avian influenza a virus, a/mallard/ny/6750/78 (h2n2), and a human influenza a virus, a/udorn/307/72 (h3n2), were determined and the deduced amino acid sequences of the nucleoprotein (np) of these viruses were compared to two other avian and two other human influenza a np sequences. the results indicated that there are separate classes of avian and human influenza a np genes that can be distinguished on the basis of sites containing amino acids spec ... | 1986 | 3788059 |
| influenza in the united kingdom 1982-85. | influenza surveillance in the uk between the years 1982 and 1985 has demonstrated the regular winter appearance of influenza a virus of both h1n1 and h3n2 subtypes and influenza b. their antigenic diversity is described and correlated with the national statistics for morbidity and mortality for influenza. one unexpected finding has been that despite the wide circulation of influenza viruses there has been a continuation of winters without significant increases in influenza deaths or morbidity. a ... | 1986 | 3782786 |
| [structure of major complex carbohydrate chains of influenza virus a/leningrad/385/80 (h3n2) hemagglutinin]. | the structure of four oligosaccharides which are the main carbohydrate chains of hemagglutinin of influenza virus a/leningrad/385/80 (h3n2) has been elucidated. it was shown by means of enzymatic and mild acid hydrolysis, smith degradation and acetolysis that the oligosaccharides have very similar structures (noncomplete triantennary) and differ from each other only in the number (0, 1 or 2) and position of fucose residues. the peculiarities of glycosylation of h3 hemagglutinin from different st ... | 1986 | 3778535 |
| ultrastructure and some biological properties of influenza a virus. i. alterations in the activity of surface antigens of influenza a virus by enzymes and infectious activity of such changed viruses. | strain of a/zsrr/053/74 (h3n2) virus was subjected to the action of enzymes. treatment of the virus with soluble trypsin and trypsin bound to a carrier for different periods of time resulted in decreased neuraminidase activity and infectivity, however, hemagglutinin activity was preserved. after treatment pickled with soluble bromelain, virions of decreased hemagglutinin amount but preserved neuraminidase activity, were obtained. this was accompanied by a slight fall in the infectivity. bromelin ... | 1986 | 3778115 |
| molecular studies of the differential replication at pyrexial temperatures of two influenza viruses differing in virulence for ferrets. | replication of a virulent clone (7a) of the reassortant influenza virus a/puerto rico/8/34-a/england/939/69 (h3n2) in ferret nasal turbinate tissue is less affected than that of an attenuated clone (64d) by temperatures which occur during pyrexia in ferrets. this is a factor which contributes to the difference in virulence of the two clones. the differential replication of the two clones at pyrexial temperatures has been reproduced in allantois-on-shell (egg-bit) cultures, and the synthesis of v ... | 1986 | 3765825 |
| [reproductive activity of the influenza a virus in the splenocytes of experimental animals with mono- and mixed infections]. | virus-induced processes in organs and tissues of syrian hamsters in relation to the influenza a virus strain used (hon1 or h3n2), age of the animals, and in the presence of mixed infection were compared. the infection of young hamsters with a/pr8/34 and a/bangkok/1/79 viruses was shown to induce the synthesis of viral proteins np and m in spleen cells lasting for up to 15 days (the observation period). in mixed influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection the possibility of influenza viru ... | 1986 | 3765566 |
| comparison by studies in squirrel monkeys, chimpanzees, and adult humans of avian-human influenza a virus reassortants derived from different avian influenza virus donors. | we evaluated the abilities of three different avian influenza a viruses to attenuate the wild-type human influenza a/korea/1/82 (h3n2) virus in squirrel monkeys, chimpanzees, and adult seronegative human volunteers. two of these, avian influenza a/mallard/ny/78 and a/mallard/alberta/76 viruses, appeared to be satisfactory donors of attenuating genes for the production of live influenza a reassortant virus vaccines for human use because the reassortants exhibited an acceptable balance between att ... | 1986 | 3760140 |
| immunoglobulin g, a and m response to influenza vaccination in different age groups: effects of priming and boosting. | fifty volunteers, treated with an inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine containing a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2), a/brazil/11/78 (h1n1) and b/singapore/222/79 virus, were subdivided according to the estimated first exposure to influenza in their lifetime (priming) and the presence of antibodies against the vaccine components in the pre-vaccination sera. the isotypic antibody response (igg, iga, igm) was determined by means of an antibody capture haemadsorption immunosorbent technique. for all three va ... | 1986 | 3734434 |
| value of serological tests in the diagnosis of viral acute respiratory infections in adults. | the dynamics of the antibody response to influenza viruses a (h1n1), a (h3n2) and b, to parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, 3, to adenoviruses and respiratory syncytial virus was studied in paired serum samples collected from 110 patients hospitalized with acute respiratory infections (ari) and in 40 patients suffering from other diseases. rises in serum antibody titers to 1--5 of the above mentioned antigens were detected in many of the patients of both groups. the fact is most likely due to the presen ... | 1986 | 3727398 |
| [adsorbed subunit influenza vaccine: its isolation and characteristics]. | experimental batches of adsorbed subunit influenza vaccine were prepared from the envelope of glycoprotein antigens separated from the influenza virion by treatment with a cationic detergent (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide). purified and concentrated influenza virus strains a(h1n1) and a(h3n2) were obtained by gradient centrifugation; additional purification, with a view to removing ovalbumin and structural components of the chorioallantoic membrane, was achieved by gelfiltration. the compositio ... | 1986 | 3727396 |
| primary structure of influenza virus genome regions coding for polypeptides from the major antigenic sites of h3 hemagglutinin. | nucleotide sequences for some regions of the hemagglutinin (ha) gene of influenza virus a/leningrad/385/80 (h3n2) were analyzed. a double-stranded complementary dna was synthesized on the influenza genome rna in the presence of synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides a gcaaaagcagg and a gtagaaacaag and inserted into the pst i-site of the pbr322 plasmid through g-c-tailing. nucleotide sequences were determined by a solid phase modification of the maxam and gilbert procedure. a comparison of our data ... | 1986 | 3727394 |
| immunogenicity of a single dose of trivalent influenza vaccine including a/philippines (h3n2): results of a field trial. | during 1982, a new a(h3n2) influenza virus subtype, a/philippines/2/82, was identified, and this strain was combined with previous a(h1n1) and b influenza virus strains in the trivalent inactivated vaccine recommended for the 1983-1984 influenza season. prior to the widescale use of this vaccine in israel, a group of 106 young male soldiers was vaccinated under controlled conditions. before vaccination, antibody titers greater than or equal to 1:40 were found in 14.1% against a/philippines (h3n2 ... | 1986 | 3723117 |
| evaluation of avian-human reassortant influenza a/washington/897/80 x a/pintail/119/79 virus in monkeys and adult volunteers. | a reassortant influenza a virus was produced by mating an avian influenza a/pintail/alberta/119/79 (h4n6) virus with wild-type human influenza a/washington/897/80 (h3n2) virus. the avian-human influenza a reassortant virus contained the genes coding for the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase surface antigens of the human influenza wild-type virus and the six other rna segments (internal genes) of the avian influenza a virus donor. in the lower respiratory tract of squirrel monkeys, this avian-human ... | 1986 | 3722365 |
| serum and nasal wash antibodies associated with resistance to experimental challenge with influenza a wild-type virus. | to identify immunological predictors of resistance to influenza a infection and illness, the immunological status of live and inactivated virus vaccines subsequently challenged with h1n1 or h3n2 wild-type virus was examined. we refer to prechallenge antibodies of vaccinees receiving live attenuated virus as infection induced and those receiving inactivated virus as inactivated vaccine induced. inactivated vaccine-induced protection against wild-type virus infection or illness correlated with the ... | 1986 | 3722363 |
| risk factors for outbreaks of influenza in nursing homes. a case-control study. | to determine risk factors for outbreaks of influenza virus infections in chronic-care facilities for the elderly, the authors compared the characteristics of two groups of nursing homes in genesee county, michigan, in 1982-1983, following a community-wide epidemic caused by a/bangkok/1/79-like (h3n2) viruses: seven homes in which an outbreak occurred (case homes) and six homes with sporadic illnesses only (control homes). the two groups were similar in many respects, including the physical chara ... | 1986 | 3717133 |
| immunity to influenza a virus infection in young children: a comparison of natural infection, live cold-adapted vaccine, and inactivated vaccine. | live attenuated, cold-adapted (ca) influenza a vaccines administered intranasally have been well characterized as safe and immunogenic, but comparative data on protective efficacy are required for further development. in this study, 59 young children were divided into the following four groups based on prior exposure to influenza a (h3n2) virus: natural infection, live ca vaccine given intranasally, inactivated vaccine given im, and no previous exposure. virus challenge with homologous live ca v ... | 1986 | 3711685 |
| evaluation of live avian-human reassortant influenza a h3n2 and h1n1 virus vaccines in seronegative adult volunteers. | an avian-human reassortant influenza a virus deriving its genes coding for the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase from the human influenza a/washington/897/80 (h3n2) virus and its six "internal" genes from the avian influenza a/mallard/ny/6750/78 (h2n2) virus (i.e., a six-gene reassortant) was previously shown to be safe, infectious, nontransmissible, and immunogenic as a live virus vaccine in adult humans. two additional six-gene avian-human reassortant influenza viruses derived from the mating of ... | 1986 | 3711273 |
| newcastle disease virus and two influenza viruses: differing effects of acid and temperature on the uptake of infectious virus into bovine and canine kidney cell lines. | the entry of 2 influenza viruses was compared to the entry of the ulster strain of newcastle disease virus (ndv) by measuring the escape rate of preadsorbed virus from neutralization using a microwell assay. the 2-minute entry of ulster into madin-darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cells increased exponentially over the temperature range for fusion of 30-37 degrees c and was prevented by ph 4.6 which corresponded to the ph within endosomes. the 2-hour entry of both influenza viruses into mdbk cells incr ... | 1986 | 3707356 |
| resistance of adults to challenge with influenza a wild-type virus after receiving live or inactivated virus vaccine. | the efficacy of live attenuated cold-adapted (ca) reassortant influenza a h3n2 and h1n1 virus vaccines against experimental challenge with homologous wild-type virus 7 months after vaccination was compared with that of licensed inactivated virus vaccine in 106 seronegative (hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titer less than or equal to 1:8) college students. the live attenuated virus vaccines induced as much resistance against illness as did the inactivated vaccine. vaccine efficacy, measured ... | 1986 | 3700611 |
| development and persistence of local and systemic antibody responses in adults given live attenuated or inactivated influenza a virus vaccine. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure nasal-wash and serum isotype-specific hemagglutinin antibody responses in 109 seronegative (hemagglutination-inhibiting titer less than or equal to 1:8) adults vaccinated intranasally with live attenuated a/washington/897/80 (h3n2) or a/california/10/78 (h1n1) cold-adapted (ca) virus or with licensed subvirion vaccine subcutaneously. live and inactivated virus elicited serum immunoglobulin a (iga) responses in 83 and 96% of vaccinees, resp ... | 1986 | 3700610 |
| [genetic variability of epidemic strains of influenza virus serotypes h1n1 and h3n2 during antigenic drift]. | data are presented on structural variability of individual genes of selected variants of epidemic influenza viruses h1n1 (1977-1979) and h3n2 (1968-1979) in the course of antigenic drift obtained by oligonucleotide mapping. six out of 8 genes of h1n1 viruses were found to be more variable than the corresponding genes of h3n2 viruses. only ha and ns genes of h3n2 viruses underwent greater structural changes as compared with the analogous genes of h1n1 viruses. in viruses of both serotypes, most v ... | 1987 | 3686982 |
| [structural characteristics of a population of antigenic variants of the influenza a(h3n2) virus]. | the data have been obtained indicating that clone distribution by the antigen avidity in the population of influenza a (h3n2) virus corresponds to normal distribution. the degree of avidity of individual strains is determined by the predominant content of clones with high or low avidity. virus purification by ultracentrifugation in sucrose density gradient results in increasing the avidity of the preparation as compared with the original allantoic cultures. defective virions may differ in avidit ... | 1987 | 3686981 |
| [antigenic and biological characteristics of influenza virus a strains isolated in 1985]. | the antigenic structure of hemagglutinin of influenza a virus (h3n2) strains isolated in 1985 was studied using a series of monoclonal antibody to a/dunedin/4/73/a (h3n2) and a/bangkok/1/79/a (h3n2), and biological and physico-chemical properties of these strains were compared with those of influenza a (h3n2) virus of 1983 and reference a (h3n2) of 1979-1984 (the rate of adsorption on chick erythrocytes and eluting activity, thermostability of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, sensitivity to noni ... | 1987 | 3686980 |
| [primary structure of the full-length dna copy of the influenza virus a/kiev/59/79 (h1n1) pb2 gene]. | the complete nucleotide sequence of a cloned full-length dna copy of the a/kiev/59/79 (h1n1) influenza virus pb2 gene has been determined. this strain is shown to be the natural reassortant which inherited its np and pb2 genes from the contemporary h3n2 influenza strains. | 1987 | 3675640 |
| [antibody formation in the blood and respiratory tract secretions following one-time and repeat immunization with an inactivated influenza vaccine]. | eighty nine volunteers were under study. they were immunized by inactivated vaccine from influenza viruses a(h1n1)+a(h3n2) one time or every year during 4 to 6 years. vaccine in dosage of 0.2 ml was applied intracutaneously. under detailed clinical study deflections of health were not over standard. accumulation of antibodies was determined to immunogens of the vaccine and to virus a/leningrad/x/83(h3n2), which was in epidemic circulation 3 years later. intensity of relative increase of antibodi ... | 1987 | 3673118 |
| seroepidemiologic study on influenza a (h1n1) virus infection among school children after an "antigenic shift" from a (h3n2) to a (h1n1) in kukuoka of southern japan in 1978. | 1987 | 3670940 | |
| the hemagglutinins of the human influenza viruses a and b recognize different receptor microdomains. | a cryptically i-active sialylglycoprotein (glycoprotein 2) isolated from bovine erythrocyte membranes as sendai virus receptor (suzuki, y., suzuki, t. and matsumoto, m. (1983) j. biochem. 93, 1621-1633) contains n-glycolylneuraminic acid (neugc) as its predominate sialic acid and exhibits poor receptor activity for a variety of influenza viruses. enzymatic modification of asialoglycoprotein-2 to contain n-acetylneuraminic acid (neuac) in the neuac alpha 2-3gal and neuac alpha 2-6gal sequences us ... | 1987 | 3663654 |
| immunization of elderly people with two doses of influenza vaccine. | a total of 104 elderly patients were immunized with one or two doses of the commercial 1985-1986 inactivated influenza vaccine formulation. two types of vaccines (split virus [sv] vaccine and whole virus [wv] vaccine) and one or two doses 1 month apart were given. no difference in local or systemic reactions was noted among the four groups. the reciprocal geometric mean hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers against influenza a/philippines/82 (h3n2) after one or two doses were: 78 for sv va ... | 1987 | 3654947 |
| immunologic response to influenza virus neuraminidase is influenced by prior experience with the associated viral hemagglutinin. ii. sequential infection of mice simulates human experience. | in man, vaccination with neuraminidase (na) in h7n2 virus hybrids elicits greater anti-na response than does n2 na in h3n2 conventional vaccine, presumably because humans are h3 hemagglutinin (ha) primed and anti-h3 anamnestic response depresses concomitant n2 responses by antigenic competition. in a laboratory model, balb/c mice were primed by different schedules of infection with h3n1, h3n2, and h3n7 viruses and given h3n2 and h7n2 vaccines equivalent in na immunogenicity. in schedules using s ... | 1987 | 3624874 |
| molecular hybridization with dna-probes as a laboratory diagnostic test for influenza viruses. | the possibilities of using dna-copies of different influenza a virus genes cloned with recombinant bacterial plasmids for the detection of virus-specific rna by molecular dot-hybridization were analyzed. high specificity of rna identification has been demonstrated and it has been shown expedient to use dna-probes with high-conservative virus genes (polymerase, nucleoprotein, or matrix) for the detection of influenza a virus subtypes (h1n1, h2n2, h3n2) and probes with corresponding hemagglutinin ... | 1987 | 3617494 |
| immunogenicity of a synthetic peptide corresponding to a portion of the heavy chain of h3n2 influenza virus haemagglutinin. | rabbits were immunized with a synthetic octadecapeptide corresponding to the sequence ser-91 to leu-108 of the haemagglutinin heavy chain of h3n2 influenza a viruses. they developed antibodies reactive in solid-phase radioimmunoassay (spria) with the peptide and with haemagglutinins of various h3n2 viruses but not of heterotypic h1n1 and h2n2 viruses. the antibodies were also non-reactive in the haemagglutination-inhibition or neutralization test. influenza h3n2 virus replicated in the lungs of ... | 1987 | 3612090 |
| the receptor-binding and membrane-fusion properties of influenza virus variants selected using anti-haemagglutinin monoclonal antibodies. | a monoclonal antibody raised against x-31 influenza virus reacted with the majority of natural h3n2 viruses isolated between 1968 and 1982. a number of variants of x-31 and of a receptor-binding mutant of x-31 were selected by the antibody during virus replication in eggs and mdck cells. antibody-binding assays indicated that the viruses selected were not antigenic variants and analyses using derivatized erythrocytes showed that their receptor-binding properties differed from those of the parent ... | 1987 | 3608984 |
| [characteristics of the influenza type a (h3n2) epidemic in omsk in january 1985]. | the work presents the data obtained in analysis of the epidemic situation among the population of omsk in january-february 1985 and the characterization of the isolated strains of influenza a (h3n2) virus, determines the specific features of the course of the influenza epidemic process among different social and age groups, evaluates anti-influenza measures. | 1987 | 3604506 |
| [significance of legionella pneumophila in human respiratory pathology]. | the etiological structure of acute pneumonia and acute respiratory diseases was studied with a view to establishing the proportion of l. pneumophila among other causative agents of such diseases. a total of 299 patients were examined over time. the etiological diagnosis based on the data of serological examination was made in 70.6% of the patients with acute pneumonia and in 65% of the patients with acute respiratory viral infections and influenza. in the etiology of pneumonia, the leading role ... | 1987 | 3604505 |
| [the 1985 influenza epidemic in a pediatric practice]. | because it is not possible to distinguish clinically influenza from other respiratory infections, virological methods have to be used to establish the influenza etiology. nasopharyngeal swabs from 202 children with respiratory symptoms were taken. influenza a virus (h3n2) was isolated from 44 children, influenza a virus (h1n1) from 61 children and influenza b virus from 13 children. the maximal activity of the two influenza a virus subtypes was different. the following features permitted the cla ... | 1987 | 3600670 |
| antigenic analysis of intraepidemic variants of influenza a (h3n2) viruses by hyperimmune rat antisera. | hyperimmune rat antisera prepared against 5 recent antigenic variants of influenza a (h3n2) viruses were studied for haemagglutination inhibiting (hi) antibodies to the homologous and the heterologous viruses. the ratios of homologous to heterologous reactions varied from one animal to another in immunizations with each of the immunogens. some antisera exhibited a ratio high enough to allow differentiation of the epidemic variants and demonstration of an intraepidemic heterogeneity of field stra ... | 1987 | 3584390 |
| relative antigenicity in mice of h1n1, h3n2 and b strains present in inactivated influenza virus vaccines. | the results of a study on serum hai and neutralizing antibodies induced in mice by whole influenza virus vaccines containing a/brazil/11/78 (h1n1), a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2) and b/singapore/222/79 viruses are reported. according to the gmt of hai, the antigenic potency of the three vaccine strains appear to be different. the a/brazil/11/78 antigen induced the lowest hai antibody responses and the a/bangkok/1/79 antigen the greatest. this behaviour, with a few exceptions, was noted regardless of the ... | 1987 | 3582601 |
| immunologic response to the influenza virus neuraminidase is influenced by prior experience with the associated viral hemagglutinin. i. studies in human vaccinees. | analysis of an earlier study of h3n2 and h7n2 inactivated influenza vaccines in schoolchildren demonstrated a greater viral neuraminidase (na) immunogenicity of the vaccine containing the h7 hemagglutinin (ha) antigen to which they had not been primed, despite the lesser na antigen content of that vaccine. thus, prior experience with the influenza viral ha appeared to have a negative influence on immune response to na, the associated external glycoprotein, presumably on the basis of intermolecul ... | 1987 | 3571981 |
| [sensitivity to influenza infection of x-ray-irradiated animals and the protective effect of a thymus extract]. | the a 2/romania 1/73 (h3n2) strain of influenza virus at the 15th passage on chick embryos was compared to the mouse adapted a0/pr8/34 (h0n1) strain, as regards pathogenicity for x-ray irradiated mice. irradiated mice showed a greater sensitivity to influenza infection than nonirradiated controls, irrespective of the strain used: hemagglutinating (ha) titers were constantly higher in the first group of animals. administration of a polypeptidic thymus extract to irradiated mice inoculated with th ... | 1986 | 3548032 |
| subtype-specific identification of influenza virus in cell cultures with fitc labelled egg yolk antibodies. | we report on results obtained with a direct immunofluorescence test for subtype-specific identification of influenza virus in detached cells of mdck cultures after inoculation of 281 clinical specimens from patients with influenza-like disease. influenza virus antibodies were produced in eggs from immunized hens and labelled with fitc. in 157 cases cpe was found in mdck cells. a total of 57 cases of influenza a (h3n2), 86 cases of influenza a (h1n1), and 14 cases of influenza b were identified. ... | 1987 | 3547056 |
| a nonneutralizing human igm monoclonal antibody inhibiting hemagglutination of h3n2 influenza a strains. | a mouse-human hybridoma has been produced by fusing human splenocytes from a cooley's anemia patient with the murine myeloma p3-ns1/1-ag 4-1. the hybridoma is stable after 18 months and secretes human igm. the antibody reacts with some h3n2 influenza a strains and detects an epitope that is part of the hemagglutinin antigen, but does not affect virus infectivity. | 1986 | 3542806 |
| time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay with monoclonal antibodies for rapid diagnosis of influenza infections. | monoclonal antibodies that are broadly reactive with either influenza a or influenza b viruses were used to develop a 2- to 3-h antigen capture time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (tr fia) for detecting influenza viral antigens in both original nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens and in tissue cultures inoculated with nose or throat swab specimens. the lower limit of sensitivity of the assay was about 10 pg of protein as determined with purified influenza a nucleoprotein expressed by recombinant dna. ... | 1986 | 3537001 |
| characterization of influenza virus neuraminidase with hemagglutinin activity and its comparison with that of viral neuraminidase. | the neuraminidase associated with the bifunctional protein, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase, of influenza virus has been characterized. the enzyme has a ph optimum of 4.5, does not require ca2+ and is inactivated (98%) by incubation at 50 degrees c. the enzyme has a km of 2.00 x 10(-3) m and 0.06 x 10(-3) m with the substrates 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-n-acetylneuraminic acid and fetuin, respectively. the ki is 400 x 10(-6) with the inhibitor 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-n-acetylneuraminic acid. the incorporation ... | 1986 | 3533157 |
| safety of and serum antibody response to cold-recombinant influenza a and inactivated trivalent influenza virus vaccines in older adults with chronic diseases. | forty older adults with chronic diseases were vaccinated intranasally with either influenza a/california/10/78 (h1n1) (cr37) or influenza a/washington/897/80 (h3n2) (cr48) virus. no clinically significant morbidity or decrement in pulmonary function occurred postvaccination. two (15%) recipients of cr37 virus and twelve (44%) recipients of cr48 virus became infected with vaccine virus, as indicated by a fourfold rise in serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer; a fourfold rise in serum i ... | 1986 | 3531226 |
| prevention and treatment of experimental influenza a virus infection in volunteers with a new antiviral ici 130,685. | the initial prophylactic and therapeutic trials of ici 130,685 against influenza a virus infection are reported. prophylaxis with either 200 mg/day (38 volunteers received drug and 40 received placebo) or 100 mg/day (28 volunteers received drug and 28 received placebo) for seven days significantly reduced illness, mean clinical score and nasal secretion weight when volunteers were challenged with 10(4.1) eid50 of influenza virus a/eng/40/83 (h3n2). overall, prophylaxis with 200 mg/day and 100 mg ... | 1986 | 3531141 |
| use of monoclonal antibodies for rapid detection of influenza a virus in nasopharyngeal secretions. | two monoclonal antibodies against influenza a virus were assessed for use as diagnostic reagents in an indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) of nasopharyngeal secretions. monoclonal antibody ia-52, directed at an internal antigen, reacted with all influenza a tested. the high stability of this epitope permitted its use in a rapid ifa test, which gave results comparable to those obtained with polyclonal antibodies and viral isolation. the second monoclonal antibody, ia-279 was directed at a sur ... | 1986 | 3527703 |
| oral rimantadine hydrochloride therapy of influenza a virus h3n2 subtype infection in adults. | in a randomized, double-blind trial involving patients with uncomplicated influenza a h3n2 subtype virus infection, rimantadine treatment (200 mg/day for 5 days) was associated with significant reductions in nasal secretion viral titers (days 2 through 4), maximal temperature (days 2 and 3), time until defervescence (mean, 37 h shorter), and systemic symptoms compared with placebo treatment. | 1986 | 3521480 |
| characterization and evaluation of monoclonal antibodies developed for typing influenza a and influenza b viruses. | monoclonal antibodies that are broadly reactive with influenza a or influenza b viruses were produced as stable reagents for typing influenza viruses. monoclonal antibodies to influenza a were specific for either matrix protein or nucleoprotein. the antibodies to influenza b were specific for nucleoprotein or hemagglutinin protein. in an enzyme immunoassay procedure, influenza a antibodies detected h1n1, h2n2, and h3n2 influenza a virus strains collected between 1934 and 1984. each of the influe ... | 1986 | 3517049 |
| human adenoid organ culture: a model to study the interaction of influenza a with human nasopharyngeal mucosa. | previous studies of infections with influenza a in animal models have stressed the tropism of this virus for the upper respiratory tract. to assess the interaction of influenza a virus with human respiratory tissue, we maintained adenoids, consisting of ciliated epithelium with underlying lymphoid follicles, in organ culture. when the organ cultures were inoculated with wild-type influenza a/alaska (h3n2), epithelial damage and migration of inflammatory cells from the follicles into the lamina p ... | 1986 | 3510261 |
| effect of syngeneic anti-idiotypic antibody on influenza virus neuraminidase antibody response. | influenza viruses possess two major surface glycoproteins - hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na). py203, a monoclonal antibody (ab) specific for the neuraminidase of the pr8 (h1n1) influenza virus, was used to prepare syngeneic monoclonal anti-idiotypic (anti-id) abs. from a balb/c mouse immunized with py203 (anti-n1), we obtained rm1, a monoclonal anti-id ab. the py203-id was detected in a significant fraction of immunoglobulins (igs) in the primary and secondary responses elicited by pr8 ... | 1987 | 3509674 |
| characterization of variable-region genes and shared crossreactive idiotypes of antibodies specific for antigens of various influenza viruses. | several syngeneic monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies were obtained against py206, a monoclonal antibody specific for x-31 (h3n2) influenza virus hemagglutinin. this idiotype was found in the sera of balb/c mice immunized with various influenza viruses. adsorption experiments indicated that the py206 id was borne by antibodies specific for viral hemagglutinin (ha) and/or neuraminidase (na). this idiotype was identified on other monoclonal antibodies specific for various influenza has (h3 and h1 ... | 1987 | 3509671 |