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physicochemical and dough-handling characteristics of indian wheat and triticale cultivars.four bread wheat (pbw-138, pbw-299, pbw-343 and pbw-373), two durum wheat (pdw-215 and pdw-233) and two triticale cultivars (tl-419 and tl-1210) were investigated for physicochemical, milling and dough-handling properties for predicting end-use quality. physical properties of durum wheat (pdw-215) and bread wheat (pbw-138, pbw-299 and pbw-343) cultivars were better than other wheat, durum and triticale cultivars. the compositional analysis revealed nonsignificant differences between the differen ...201021339155
nutritional and functional added value of oat, kamut, spelt, rye and buckwheat versus common wheat in breadmaking.multicereal/pseudocereal blends based on major and minor seeds with high nutritional profile appear as a promising strategy, hardly explored, to obtain enhanced value grain-based foods such as bread.021337578
lead phytotoxicity on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seed germination and seedlings growth.lead (pb) is an environmental pollutant extremely toxic to plants and other living organisms including humans. to assess pb phytotoxicity, experiments focusing on germination of wheat seeds were germinated in a solution containing pb (no(3))(2) (0.05; 0.1; 0.5; 1g/l) during 6 days. lead accumulation in seedlings was positively correlated with the external concentrations, and negatively correlated with morphological parameters of plant growth. lead increased lipid peroxidation, enhanced soluble p ...201121333942
different site-specific n-glycan types in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) pap phytase.phytase activity in grain is essential to make phosphate available to cell metabolism, and in food and feed. cereals contain the purple acid phosphatase type of phytases (paphy). mature wheat grain is dominated by tapaphy_a which, in the present work, has been characterized by extensive peptide and glycopeptide sequencing by mass spectrometry. seven n-linked glycosylation sites were found. three of these sites were dominated by variant forms of the xylman(3)fucglcnac(2), i.e. the hrp-type of gly ...021329951
physical and stress-strain properties of wheat (triticum aestivum) kernel.two hard wheat varieties and one soft variety grown under the same agroecological conditions were analyzed for their physical and uniaxial stress-strain compression properties.201121328363
tanf-yb3 is involved in the regulation of photosynthesis genes in triticum aestivum.nuclear factor y (nf-y) transcription factor is a heterotrimer comprised of three subunits: nf-ya, nf-yb and nf-yc. each of the three subunits in plants is encoded by multiple genes with differential expression profiles, implying the functional specialisation of nf-y subunit members in plants. in this study, we investigated the roles of nf-yb members in the light-mediated regulation of photosynthesis genes. we identified two nf-yb members from triticum aestivum (tanf-yb3 & 7) which were markedly ...201121327447
the influence of temperature on plant development in a vernalization-requiring winter wheat: a 2-de based proteomic investigation.in this work, proteomics was used to study the influence of both optimal and low temperatures on growth and development in a vernalization-requiring winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv cheyenne) after prolonged times of treatment. for this purpose, plants were grown at optimal temperature (20°c) for 14 days (zero point) after which half were transferred to conditioned chambers kept at 4°c for a period of 63 days. cold tolerance, as estimated from lethal temperatures (lt(50)), and phenological ...201121320650
bac libraries from wheat chromosome 7d: efficient tool for positional cloning of aphid resistance genes.positional cloning in bread wheat is a tedious task due to its huge genome size and hexaploid character. bac libraries represent an essential tool for positional cloning. however, wheat bac libraries comprise more than million clones, which makes their screening very laborious. here, we present a targeted approach based on chromosome-specific bac libraries. such libraries were constructed from flow-sorted arms of wheat chromosome 7d. a library from the short arm (7ds) consisting of 49,152 clones ...201121318113
detecting ingested plant dna in soil-living insect larvae.although a significant proportion of plant tissue is located in roots and other below-ground parts of plants, little is known on the dietary choices of root-feeding insects. this is caused by a lack of adequate methodology which would allow tracking below-ground trophic interactions between insects and plants. here, we present a dna-based approach to examine this relationship. feeding experiments were established where either wheat (triticum aestivum) or maize (zea mays) was fed to agriotes larv ...201121317975
evolution of polyploid triticum wheats under cultivation: the role of domestication, natural hybridization and allopolyploid speciation in their diversification.the evolution of the polyploid triticum wheats is distinctive in that domestication, natural hybridization and allopolyploid speciation have all had significant impacts on their diversification. in this review, i outline the phylogenetic relationships of cultivated wheats and their wild relatives and provide an overview of the recent progress and remaining issues in understanding the genetic and ecological factors that favored their evolution. an attempt is made to view the evolution of the poly ...201121317146
deciphering the complexities of the wheat flour proteome using quantitative two-dimensional electrophoresis, three proteases and tandem mass spectrometry. 201121314956
temperature preference and respiration of acaridid mites.the thermal preferences in a grain mass and respiration at various temperatures in mites (acari: acarididae) of medical and economical importance [acarus siro (l. 1758), dermatophagoides farinae hughes 1961, lepidoglyphus destructor (schrank 1871), and tyrophagus putrescentiae (schrank 1781)] were studied under laboratory conditions. based on the distribution of mites in wheat, triticum aestivum l., grain along a thermal gradient from 10 to 40 degrees c, l. destructor, d. farinae, and a. siro we ...201021309251
virulence in hessian fly (diptera: cecidomyiidae) field collections from the southeastern united states to 21 resistance genes in wheat.genetic resistance in wheat, triticum aestivum l., is the most efficacious method for control of hessian fly, mayetiola destructor (say) (diptera: cecidomyiidae). however, because of the appearance of new genotypes (biotypes) in response to deployment of resistance, field collections of hessian fly need to be evaluated on a regular basis to provide breeders and producers information on the efficacy of resistance (r) genes with respect to the genotype composition of hessian fly in regional areas. ...201021309248
genetic differentiation of puccinia triticina populations in the middle east and genetic similarity with populations in central asia.leaf rust of wheat, caused by puccinia triticina, is a common and widespread disease in the middle east. the objective of this study was to determine whether genetically differentiated groups of p. triticina are present in the middle east region and to compare the population from the middle east with the previously characterized population from central asia to determine whether genetically similar groups of isolates are found in the two regions. in total, 118 isolates of p. triticina collected f ...201121303212
thiol redox-sensitive seed proteome in dormant and non-dormant hybrid genotypes of wheat.the thiol redox-sensitive and the total proteome in harvest-ripe grains of closely related genotypes of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), with either a dormant or a non-dormant phenotype, were investigated using hybrid lines of spring wheat double haploid population segregating transgressively, to gain further insight into seed dormancy controlling events. redox signalling by reactive oxygen species has been shown to play a role in seed dormancy alleviation. thiol-disulfide proteins are of particula ...201121295800
three-dimensional distribution of vessels, passage cells and lateral roots along the root axis of winter wheat (triticum aestivum).the capacity of a plant to absorb and transport water and nutrients depends on anatomical structures within the roots and their co-ordination. however, most descriptions of root anatomical structure are limited to 2-d cross-sections, providing little information on 3-d spatial relationships and hardly anything on their temporal evolution. three-dimensional reconstruction and visualization of root anatomical structures can illustrate spatial co-ordination among cells and tissues and provide new i ...201121289027
accurate inference of shoot biomass from high-throughput images of cereal plants.with the establishment of advanced technology facilities for high throughput plant phenotyping, the problem of estimating plant biomass of individual plants from their two dimensional images is becoming increasingly important. the approach predominantly cited in literature is to estimate the biomass of a plant as a linear function of the projected shoot area of plants in the images. however, the estimation error from this model, which is solely a function of projected shoot area, is large, prohi ...201121284859
[spatiotemporal expression patterns of three vernalization genes in wheat].to identify spatiotemporal expression patterns of vernalization genes in common wheat, we analyzed expression characteristics of several vernalization genes (vrn1, vrn2 and vrn3) in the wheat cultivars 'chinese spring' and 'luohan 2' by rt-pcr. the vrn1 gene was expressed at different levels in the leaves and roots at the 3-leaf stage, stems, flag leaves at the grain-filling stage, anthers, ovules, and developing seeds in 'chinese spring'. expression of vrn1 increased before flowering date, then ...201021284214
expression of a radish defensin in transgenic wheat confers increased resistance to fusarium graminearum and rhizoctonia cerealis.fusarium head blight (scab), primarily caused by fusarium graminearum, is a devastating disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) worldwide. wheat sharp eyespot, mainly caused by rhizoctonia cerealis, is one of the major diseases of wheat in china. the defensin rsafp2, a small cyteine-rich antifungal protein from radish (raphanus sativus), was shown to inhibit growth in vitro of agronomically important fungal pathogens, such as f. graminearum and r. cerealis. the rsafp2 gene was transformed into c ...201121279533
concentration-dependent rdx uptake and remediation by crop plants.the potential rdx contamination of food chain from polluted soil is a significant concern in regards to both human health and environment. using a hydroponic system and selected soils spiked with rdx, this study disclosed that four crop plant species maize (zea mays), sorghum (sorghum sudanese), wheat (triticum aestivum), and soybean (glycine max) were capable of rdx uptake with more in aerial parts than roots. the accumulation of rdx in the plant tissue is concentration-dependent up to 21 mg rd ...201121274639
visualisation of stromules in transgenic wheat expressing a plastid-targeted yellow fluorescent protein.stromules are stroma-filled tubules that extend from the plastids in all multicellular plants examined to date. to facilitate the visualisation of stromules on different plastid types in various tissues of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.), a chimeric gene construct encoding enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eyfp) targeted to plastids with the transit peptide of wheat granule-bound starch synthase i was introduced by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. the gene construct was under the con ...201121274561
molecular characterization and functional analysis of elite genes in wheat and its related species.the tribe triticeae includes major cereal crops (bread wheat, durum wheat, triticale, barley and rye), as well as abundant forage and lawn grasses. wheat and its wild related species possess numerous favourable genes for yield improvement, grain quality enhancement, biotic and abiotic stress resistance, and constitute a giant gene pool for wheat improvement. in recent years, significant progress on molecular characterization and functional analysis of elite genes in wheat and its related species ...201021273706
mapping of qtl for tiller number at different stages of growth in wheat using double haploid and immortalized f2 populations.effective tiller number is one of the most important traits for wheat (triticum aestivum l.) yield, but the inheritance of tillering is poorly understood. a set of 168 doubled haploid (dh) lines derivatives of a cross between two winter wheat cultivars (huapei 3 and yumai 57), and an immortalized f(2) (if(2)) population generated by randomly permutated intermating of these dhs were investigated, and qtls of tillering related to the maximum tillering of pre-winter (mtw), maximum tillering in spri ...201021273691
proteomic analysis of peripheral layers during wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain development.grains of hexaploid wheat, triticum aestivum (cv. récital), were collected at 15 stages of development, from anthesis to physiological maturity, 0-700°c days (degree days after anthesis). two hundred and seven proteins of grain peripheral layers (inner pericarp, hyaline, testa and aleurone layer) were identified by 2-de, maldi-tof ms and data mining, then were classified in 16 different functional categories. study of the protein expression over time allowed identification of five main profiles ...201121268267
contrasting cdna-aflp profiles between crown and leaf tissues of cold-acclimated wheat plants indicate differing regulatory circuitries for low temperature tolerance.low-temperature (lt) tolerance in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is an economically important but complex trait. four selected wheat genotypes, a winter hardy cultivar, norstar, a tender spring cultivar, manitou and two near-isogenic lines with vrn-a1 (spring norstar) and vrn-a1 (winter manitou) alleles of manitou and norstar were cold-acclimated at 6°c and crown and leaf tissues were collected at 0, 2, 14, 21, 35, 42, 56 and 70 days of cold acclimation. cdna-aflp profiling was used to dete ...201121267634
lr34 multi-pathogen resistance abc transporter: molecular analysis of homoeologous and orthologous genes in hexaploid wheat and other grass species.the triticum aestivum (bread wheat) disease resistance gene lr34 confers durable, race non-specific protection against three fungal pathogens, and has been a highly relevant gene for wheat breeding since the green revolution. lr34, located on chromosome 7d, encodes an atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter. both wheat cultivars with and without lr34-based resistance encode a putatively functional protein that differ by only two amino acid polymorphisms. in this study, we focused on the identific ...201121265893
[dynamics of hybrid necrosis genes in russian cultivars of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.)].study of necrosis genotypes of 72 russian cultivars of winter common wheat has confirmed a tendency towards "washing off" of genotypes with the ne1 gene. fifty-six percent of cultivars have the genotype ne1ne1ne2ne2, and 44% have the genotype ne1ne1ne2ne2; i.e., they are free of hybrid necrosis genes. the results of the study indicate that the diversity of the original ancestors in the groups of cultivars with the ne1ne 1ne2ne2 and ne1ne1ne2ne2 genotypes is almost the same. this determines the i ...201021261062
quantitative trait loci analysis for resistance to cephalosporium stripe, a vascular wilt disease of wheat.cephalosporium stripe, caused by cephalosporium gramineum, can cause severe loss of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) yield and grain quality and can be an important factor limiting adoption of conservation tillage practices. selecting for resistance to cephalosporium stripe is problematic; however, as optimum conditions for disease do not occur annually under natural conditions, inoculum levels can be spatially heterogeneous, and little is known about the inheritance of resistance. a population of 2 ...201121258997
proteome analysis of wheat leaf under salt stress by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2d-dige).salt stress is a major abiotic stress that limits agricultural productivity in many regions of the world. to understand the molecular basis of the salt stress response in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), a proteomic approach was used to identify the salt stress-responsive proteins in an elite chinese wheat cultivar, zhengmai 9023, which exhibits a high yield, superior gluten quality and better biotic resistance. three-week-old seedlings were treated with nacl of four different concentrations (1.0%, ...201121257186
residues of bioenergy production chains as soil amendments: immediate and temporal phytotoxicity.the current shift towards bioenergy production increases streams of bioenergy rest-products (rps), which are likely to end-up as soil amendments. however, their impact on soil remains unclear. in this study we evaluated crop phytotoxicity of 15 rps from common bioenergy chains (biogas, biodiesel, bioethanol and pyrolysis). the rps were mixed into a sandy soil and the seedling root and shoot elongation of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.), radish (raphanus sativus l.), and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) ...201021256672
comparative structural modeling and docking studies of oxalate oxidase: possible implication in enzyme supplementation therapy for urolithiasis.in humans oxalate is end product of protein metabolism, with no enzyme present to act on it. in conditions of its enhanced endogenous synthesis or increased absorption from the diet, oxalate accumulation leads to hyperoxaluria which can further lead to a number of pathological conditions including urolithiasis. urolithiasis has been a perplexing problem due to its high incidence and rate of recurrence after treatment like extracorporeal-shock wave lithotripsy (eswl). hence other prophylactic tre ...201121255608
assessment of genetic diversity among syrian durum (triticum turgidum ssp. durum) and bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using ssr markers.genetic diversity among 49 wheat varieties (37 durum and 12 bread wheat) was assayed using 32 microsatellites representing 34 loci covering almost the whole wheat genome. the polymorphic information content (pic) across the tested loci ranged from 0 to 0.88 with average values of 0.57 and 0.65 for durum and bread wheat respectively. b genome had the highest mean number of alleles (10.91) followed by a genome (8.3) whereas d genome had the lowest number (4.73). the correlation between pic and all ...201021254727
[analysis of common wheat varieties and near-isogenic lines by pcr with allele-specific primers for gli-1 and glu-3 loci].the allelic characteristics of the gli-a1, gli-b1, gli-d1 and glu-a3 loci of 14 bread wheat varieties and 6 near-isogenic lines derived from bezostaya 1 have been detected by pcr analysis. the conformity of molecular-genetic data and electrophoresis of storage proteins has been determined: the allelic variants of gliadins gli-a1o and gi-a1m correspond to the pcr-allele glia1.2, the gliadin variants gli-a1f, gli-a1b, gli-a1c correspond to the pcr-allele glia 1.1, the allelic variants gli-b1b, gli ...201121254616
cross-genome map based dissection of a nitrogen use efficiency ortho-metaqtl in bread wheat unravels concerted cereal genome evolution.monitoring nitrogen use efficiency (nue) in plants is becoming essential to maintain yield while reducing fertilizer usage. optimized nue application in major crops is essential for long-term sustainability of agriculture production. here, we report the precise identification of 11 major chromosomal regions controlling nue in wheat that co-localise with key developmental genes such as ppd (photoperiod sensitivity), vrn (vernalization requirement), rht (reduced height) and can be considered as ro ...021251102
aphid-parasitoid community structure on genetically modified wheat.since the introduction of genetically modified (gm) plants, one of the main concerns has been their potential effect on non-target insects. many studies have looked at gm plant effects on single non-target herbivore species or on simple herbivore-natural enemy food chains. agro-ecosystems, however, are characterized by numerous insect species which are involved in complex interactions, forming food webs. in this study, we looked at transgenic disease-resistant wheat (triticum aestivum) and its e ...201121247941
embryo and endosperm development in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) kernels subjected to drought stress.the aim of the present work was to reveal the histological alterations triggered in developing wheat kernels by soil drought stress during early seed development resulting in yield losses at harvest. for this purpose, observations were made on the effect of drought stress, applied in a controlled environment from the 5th to the 9th day after pollination, on the kernel morphology, starch content and grain yield of the drought-sensitive cappelle desprez and drought-tolerant plainsman v winter whea ...201121246199
molecular evolution of two duplicated cdpk genes cpk7 and cpk12 in grass species: a case study in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).gene duplication contributes to the expansion of gene families and subsequent functional diversification. calcium-dependent protein kinases (cdpks) are members of an important calcium sensor family involved in abiotic and biotic stress signaling in plants. we report here the molecular evolution and expression analysis of a pair of duplicated cdpk genes cpk7 and cpk12 that arose in the common ancestor of grass species. with higher nonsynonymous/synonymous ratios (dn/ds, or ω), cpk12 genes appear ...201121241786
cloning and characterization of purple acid phosphatase phytases from wheat, barley, maize, and rice.barley (hordeum vulgare) and wheat (triticum aestivum) possess significant phytase activity in the mature grains. maize (zea mays) and rice (oryza sativa) possess little or virtually no preformed phytase activity in the mature grain and depend fully on de novo synthesis during germination. here, it is demonstrated that wheat, barley, maize, and rice all possess purple acid phosphatase (pap) genes that, expressed in pichia pastoris, give fully functional phytases (paphys) with very similar enzyme ...201121220762
comparative analysis of genetic background in eight near-isogenic wheat lines with different h genes conferring resistance to hessian fly.near-isogenic lines (nils) are useful for plant genetic and genomic studies. however, the strength of conclusions from such studies depends on the similarity of the nils' genetic backgrounds. in this study, we investigated the genetic similarity for a set of nils developed in the 1990s to study gene-for-gene interactions between wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and the hessian fly (mayetiola destructor (say)), an important pest of wheat. each of the eight nils carries a single h resistance gene and ...201121217808
overexpression of a common wheat gene tasnrk2.8 enhances tolerance to drought, salt and low temperature in arabidopsis.drought, salinity and low temperatures are major factors limiting crop productivity and quality. sucrose non-fermenting1-related protein kinase 2 (snrk2) plays a key role in abiotic stress signaling in plants. in this study, tasnrk2.8, a snrk2 member in wheat, was cloned and its functions under multi-stress conditions were characterized. subcellular localization showed the presence of tasnrk2.8 in the cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus. expression pattern analyses in wheat revealed that tasnrk ...201021209856
pretreatment with h(2) o(2) alleviates aluminum-induced oxidative stress in wheat seedlings.hydrogen peroxide (h(2) o(2) ) is a key reactive oxygen species (ros) in signal transduction pathways leading to activation of plant defenses against biotic and abiotic stresses. in this study, we investigated the effects of h(2) o(2) pretreatment on aluminum (al) induced antioxidant responses in root tips of two wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes, yangmai-5 (al-sensitive) and jian-864 (al-tolerant). al increased accumulation of h(2) o(2) and o(2) (•-) leading to more predominant lipid perox ...201121205173
heme oxygenase-1 is involved in the cytokinin-induced alleviation of senescence in detached wheat leaves during dark incubation.this study tested whether an inducible isoform of heme oxygenase (ho, ec 1.14.99.3), ho-1, is involved in the cytokinin (ctk)-induced alleviation of senescence in detached wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves during dark incubation. we discovered that exogenous supplement of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-ba) at 10 μm for 48 h not only delayed the dark-induced loss of chlorophyll and protein contents in detached wheat leaves, but also significantly increased ho activity in a time-dependent manner. this i ...201021190753
subcellular cd distribution and its correlation with antioxidant enzymatic activities in wheat (triticum aestivum) roots.the subcellular partitioning of cd in wheat root was obtained by differential centrifugation of root homogenates to quantify the amounts of cd associated with five operationally defined subcellular fractions, namely cd-rich granule (mrg), cellular debris, organelles, heat-denatured protein (hdp), and heat-stable protein (hsp). their correlations were investigated with the changes in antioxidant enzymatic activities under cd stress (0.01-9.68μm) for 72h. the results showed that the relative cd di ...201021190733
population- and genome-specific patterns of linkage disequilibrium and snp variation in spring and winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.).single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) are ideally suited for the construction of high-resolution genetic maps, studying population evolutionary history and performing genome-wide association mapping experiments. here, we used a genome-wide set of 1536 snps to study linkage disequilibrium (ld) and population structure in a panel of 478 spring and winter wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum) from 17 populations across the united states and mexico.201021190581
mutational analysis of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase shows the role of six amino acids in the catalytic mechanism.nucleotide pyrophosphatases/phosphodiesterases (npps, pf01663) release nucleoside 5'-monophosphates from a wide range of nucleotide substrates. only very recently, the first plant members of the npp family were characterised (joye et al. j cereal sci 51: 326-336, 2010), and little is known about their substrate-specifying residues. we elucidated the role of six amino acid residues of the recently identified and characterised triticum aestivum l. npp (joye et al. j cereal sci 51: 326-336, 2010). ...201121190107
stability of some quality traits in bread wheat (triticum aestivum) genotypes.this study was carried out in order to determine some quality traits such as thousand grain weight (tgw), hectoliter weight (hw), grain protein content (gpc), zeleny sedimentation volume (zsv) and stability of quality traits of 25 bread wheat genotypes. the experiment was conducted at seven environmental conditions during 2 growing periods (2003-2004 and 2004-2005) using randomized complete block design with four replicates. the anova showed that out of the total sum of squares, 48.4, 28.0 and 2 ...201021186725
cytological dissection of the triticeae chromosomes by the gametocidal system.triticeae species have a large and complex genome, which has made it difficult to obtain their sequence data. some alien chromosomes called the gametocidal (gc) chromosomes introduced into common wheat can induce chromosomal breakage resulting in the generation of deletions and translocations. the induced deletions have been established as deletion stocks in common wheat. this gc system is also effective in inducing chromosomal breakages in triticeae chromosomes added to common wheat. the induce ...201121181535
a universal approach to eliminate antigenic properties of alpha-gliadin peptides in celiac disease.celiac disease is caused by an uncontrolled immune response to gluten, a heterogeneous mixture of wheat storage proteins, including the α-gliadins. it has been shown that α-gliadins harbor several major epitopes involved in the disease pathogenesis. a major step towards elimination of gluten toxicity for celiac disease patients would thus be the elimination of such epitopes from α-gliadins. we have analyzed over 3,000 expressed α-gliadin sequences from 11 bread wheat cultivars to determine wheth ...201021179575
production of wheat-psathyrostachys huashanica chromosome addition lines.psathyrostachys huashanica keng (2n = 14; n(h)n(h)) is an endangered wheat-related species, with a distribution in the huashan region of central china. it has many agronomically promising characters including resistance to disease and drought and winter hardiness. we produced hybrids between common wheat as the female parent and p. huashanica as the male parent. from the offspring, we selected chromosome addition lines of common wheat carrying each of all seven chromosomes of p. huashanica. four ...201021178308
two putatively homoeologous wheat genes mediate recognition of sntox3 to confer effector-triggered susceptibility to stagonospora nodorum.the pathogen stagonospora nodorum produces multiple effectors, also known as host-selective toxins (hsts), that interact with corresponding host sensitivity genes in an inverse gene-for-gene manner to cause the disease stagonospora nodorum blotch (snb) in wheat. in this study, a sensitivity gene was identified in aegilops tauschii, the diploid d-genome donor of common wheat. the gene was mapped to the short arm of chromosome 5d and mediated recognition of the effector sntox3, which was previousl ...201021175887
heavy metal accumulation in soil amended with roadside pond sediment and uptake by winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. pbw 343).the risks of heavy metal accumulation and the dynamics related to roadside pond sediment application in comparison to control of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were investigated in field experiments. selective sequential extraction procedures revealed that application of pond sediment in soil increases the labile pools of the studied heavy metals (cd, cr, cu, ni, pb, and zn). risk assessment codes concluded that cu and pb were in the high-risk zone in both pond sediment and soil amended wit ...201021170482
characterization of a partial wheat-thinopyrum intermedium amphiploid and its reaction to fungal diseases of wheat.partial amphiploids between wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and thinopyrum species play an important role in the transfer and use of traits from alien species. a wheat-thinopyrum intermedium partial amphiploid, tai8335, and its alien parent were characterized by a combination of genomic in situ hybridization (gish) and cytological observations. evidence from gish indicated that the donor parent th. intermedium possessed seven pairs of s, seven j(s) and 21 j chromosomes. mitotic observation showed t ...201021166800
proteinaceous inhibitors of microbial xylanases.at the end of 1990s two structurally different proteinaceous inhibitors of xylanases were discovered in the grain of wheat (triticum aestivum). they were named taxi (t. aestivum xylanase inhibitor) and xip (xylanase-inhibiting protein). later it was shown that taxi and xip in wheat are present in several isoforms encoded by different genes. taxi- and xip-like inhibitors have also been found in other cereals-barley, rye, rice, maize, etc. all these proteins can specifically inhibit activity of fu ...021166637
comparison of organic and inorganic amendments for enhancing soil lead phytoextraction by wheat (triticum aestivum l.).phytoextraction has received increasing attention as a promising, cost-effective alternative to conventional engineering-based remediation methods for metal contaminated soils. in order to enhance the phytoremediative ability of green plants chelating agents are commonly used. our study aims to evaluate whether, citric acid (ca) or elemental sulfur (s) should be used as an alternative to the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (edta)for chemically enhanced phytoextraction. results showed that edta ...201021166273
random chromosome elimination in synthetic triticum-aegilops amphiploids leads to development of a stable partial amphiploid with high grain micro- and macronutrient content and powdery mildew resistance.synthetic amphiploids are the immortal sources for studies on crop evolution, genome dissection, and introgression of useful variability from related species. cytological analysis of synthetic decaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) - aegilops kotschyi boiss. amphiploids (aabbddukuksksk) showed some univalents from the c1 generation onward followed by chromosome elimination. most of the univalents came to metaphase i plate after the reductional division of paired chromosomes and underwent equatio ...201021164538
qtl mapping for quantities of protein fractions in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).one of the key targets of breeding programs in bread wheat is to improve the end-use quality. the relationships between quantities of protein fractions and dough rheological characters have been well established, but there is little information on the genetic control of quantities of protein fractions. two hundred and forty f(6) recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between two chinese wheat cultivars, ph82-2 and neixiang 188, were sown at jiaozuo in henan province in the 2005-2006 and 2 ...201121161501
variation in crossover rates across a 3-mb contig of bread wheat (triticum aestivum) reveals the presence of a meiotic recombination hotspot.in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.), initial studies using deletion lines indicated that crossover (co) events occur mainly in the telomeric regions of the chromosomes with a possible correlation with the presence of genes. however, little is known about the distribution of cos at the sequence level. to investigate this, we studied in detail the pattern of cos along a contig of 3.110 mb using two f2 segregating populations (chinese spring × renan (f2-csre) and chinese spring × courtot (f2-csct ...201121161258
nucleotide diversity maps reveal variation in diversity among wheat genomes and chromosomes.a genome-wide assessment of nucleotide diversity in a polyploid species must minimize the inclusion of homoeologous sequences into diversity estimates and reliably allocate individual haplotypes into their respective genomes. the same requirements complicate the development and deployment of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers in polyploid species. we report here a strategy that satisfies these requirements and deploy it in the sequencing of genes in cultivated hexaploid wheat (triticum ...201021156062
association mapping for quality traits in soft winter wheat.improvement of end-use quality in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) depends on a thorough understanding of the genetic basis of important quality traits. the main goal of our study was to investigate the genetic basis of 1,000-kernel weight, protein content, sedimentation volume, test weight, and starch concentration using an association mapping approach. we fingerprinted 207 diverse european elite soft winter wheat lines with 115 ssr markers and evaluated the genotypes in multi-environment tri ...201121153626
dissection of qtl effects for root traits using a chromosome arm-specific mapping population in bread wheat.a high-resolution chromosome arm-specific mapping population was used in an attempt to locate/detect gene(s)/qtl for different root traits on the short arm of rye chromosome 1 (1rs) in bread wheat. this population consisted of induced homoeologous recombinants of 1rs with 1bs, each originating from a different crossover event and distinct from all other recombinants in the proportions of rye and wheat chromatin present. it provides a simple and powerful approach to detect even small qtl effects ...201121153397
evolutionary history of the mitochondrial genome in mycosphaerella populations infecting bread wheat, durum wheat and wild grasses.plant pathogens emerge in agro-ecosystems following different evolutionary mechanisms over different time scales. previous analyses based on sequence variation at six nuclear loci indicated that mycosphaerella graminicola diverged from an ancestral population adapted to wild grasses during the process of wheat domestication approximately 10,500 years ago. we tested this hypothesis by conducting coalescence analyses based on four mitochondrial loci using 143 isolates that included four closely re ...201021145978
microwave pretreatment can enhance tolerance of wheat seedlings to cdcl(2) stress.in order to determine the role of microwave in cadmium stress tolerance of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), seeds were exposed to microwave radiation for 0, 5, 10 and 15s (wavelength 125mm, power density 126mwcm(-2), 2450mhz), and when the seedlings were 7d old (with one fully expanded leaves), they were treated with 150μm cdcl(2) solution for 10d. changes in a number of physiological and biochemical characteristics were measured and used as indicators of the protective capacity of microwave radiat ...201021145593
analysis of elevated temperature-induced inhibition of photosystem ii using chlorophyll a fluorescence induction kinetics in wheat leaves (triticum aestivum).wheat is the major crop plant in many parts of the world. elevated temperature-induced changes in photosynthetic efficiency were studied in wheat (t. aestivum) leaves by measuring chl a fluorescence induction kinetics. detached leaves were subjected to elevated temperature stress of 35 °c, 40 °c or 45 °c. parameters such as fv/fm, performance index (pi), and reaction centre to absorbance ratio (rc/abs) were deduced using radial plots from fluorescence induction curves obtained with a plant effic ...201121143718
minimisation of instrumental noise in the acquisition of ft-nir spectra of bread wheat using experimental design and signal processing techniques.spectral resolution (r) and number of repeated scans (s) have a significant effect on the s/n ratio of fourier transform-near infrared (ft-nir) spectra, but the optimal values of these two parameters have to be determined empirically for a specific problem, considering separately both the nature of the analysed matrix and the specific instrumental setup. to achieve this aim, the instrumental noise of replicated ft-nir spectra of wheat samples was modelled as a function of r and s by means of the ...201121127845
a screening method to identify genetic variation in root growth response to a salinity gradient.salinity as well as drought are increasing problems in agriculture. durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. ssp. durum desf.) is relatively salt sensitive compared with bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and yields poorly on saline soil. field studies indicate that roots of durum wheat do not proliferate as extensively as bread wheat in saline soil. in order to look for genetic diversity in root growth within durum wheat, a screening method was developed to identify genetic variation in rates of root ...201121118825
genetic structure and ecogeographical adaptation in wild barley (hordeum chilense roemer et schultes) as revealed by microsatellite markers.multi-allelic microsatellite markers have become the markers of choice for the determination of genetic structure in plants. synteny across cereals has allowed the cross-species and cross-genera transferability of ssr markers, which constitute a valuable and cost-effective tool for the genetic analysis and marker-assisted introgression of wild related species. hordeum chilense is one of the wild relatives with a high potential for cereal breeding, due to its high crossability (both interspecies ...021118494
taabc1, a member of the activity of bc1 complex protein kinase family from common wheat, confers enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses in arabidopsis.abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and low temperature have drastic effects on plant growth and development. however, the molecular mechanisms regulating biochemical and physiological changes in response to stresses are not well understood. protein kinases are major signal transduction factors among the reported molecular mechanisms mediating acclimation to environmental changes. protein kinase abc1 (activity of bc(1) complex) is involved in regulating coenzyme q biosynthesis in mitocho ...201021115661
a high-throughput method for the detection of homologous gene deletions in hexaploid wheat.mutational inactivation of plant genes is an essential tool in gene function studies. plants with inactivated or deleted genes may also be exploited for crop improvement if such mutations/deletions produce a desirable agronomical and/or quality phenotype. however, the use of mutational gene inactivation/deletion has been impeded in polyploid plant species by genetic redundancy, as polyploids contain multiple copies of the same genes (homologous genes) encoded by each of the ancestral genomes. si ...201021114819
cloning and characterization of a calcium binding ef-hand protein gene tacab1 from wheat and its expression in response to puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and abiotic stresses.calcium is a ubiquitous and essential secondary messenger in eukaryotic signal transduction pathways. calcium binding protein, as a component of pathways, plays various roles in response to biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as in developmental processes in plants. in this study, a calcium binding protein gene, designated as tacab1 (triticum aestivum calcium binding ef-hand protein 1), was isolated and characterized from wheat leaves (cv. suwon 11) infected by puccinia striiformis f. sp. triti ...201021110112
isolation and characterization of two putative cytokinin oxidase genes related to grain number per spike phenotype in wheat.cytokinin oxidases are involved in the regulation of plant cytokinin levels, which are important in regulating plant growth and development, and may affect the yield of cereals. here, we report the isolation and characterization of two putative cytokinin oxidase genes, tackx2.1 and tackx2.2, from wheat. both tackx2.1 and tackx2.2 are mapped to the 0.24-0.55 region of the short arm of wheat chromosome 3d and their coding proteins are most closely related to osckx2. phylogenetic tree analysis reve ...021104150
plastid microtubule-like structures in wheat are insensitive to microtubule inhibitors.the effects of microtubule inhibitors on the spectral properties of leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. walde) and on the presence of plastid microtubule-like structures (mtls) during etioplast to chloroplast transformation were examined. amiprophos-methyl (apm, 0.1 mm), fed to leaf sections of 7-day-old dark-grown wheat, reduced the ration of phototransformable to non-phototransformable proto-chlorophyllide (pchlide), decreased the rate of the shibata shift, and inhibited chlorophyll accu ...199021087273
failure to corroborate claims that the developing endosperm of wheat (triticum aestivum) contains significant activities of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase.this work was done to test claims (sangwan and singh, physiol. plant. 73: 21-26) that the developing endosperm of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) contains a cytosolic and a plastidic fructose- 1,6-bisphosphatase (ec 3.1.3.11; fbpase). repetition of the procedure of sangwan and singh with extracts of developing endosperm of triticum aestivum cv. mercia produced two peaks of apparent fbpase activity on elution from deae-cellulose. both peaks showed high activity of pyrophosphate:fructose-6-phos-phate ...199021087272
accumulation and distribution of cadmium and lead in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown in contaminated soils from the oasis, north-west china.crops grown in soils contaminated by heavy metals are an important avenue for toxic metals entering the human food chain. the objectives of our study were to investigate the accumulation and distribution of cadmium (cd) and lead (pb) in wheat plants cultivated in arid soils spiked with different doses of heavy metal, as well as bioavailability of these metals in the contaminated arid soils from the oasis, north-west china.201121086461
inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity results in the inhibition of russian wheat aphid-induced defense enzymes.the role of xanthine oxidase (xo) in the defense response of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) against the russian wheat aphid (rwa) (diuraphis noxia) was studied. xanthine oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric acid, and oxygen radicals that are formed as a by-product at both of these oxidation steps may participate in plant defense reactions. a resistant wheat cultivar (tugela dn), and a close isogenic susceptible cultivar (tugela), were infested with 20-30 aphids per p ...201021086025
[freezing of dehydrated calluses of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in liquid nitrogen and their morphogenetic potential].a cryopreservation method developed earlier was modified for freezing the calluses derived from mature embryos of four spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) pure lines. the effects of individual stages of cryopreservation protocol on the water content, number of calluses resuming growth, and rate of morphogenesis were analyzed. growth resumption was observed in 90.5-100% of the calluses after dehydration and in 93.3-100% after freezing-thawing. the number of calluses displaying signs of morphogene ...201621077367
genome-wide association analyses of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) germplasm identifies multiple loci for aluminium resistance.aluminium (al3+) toxicity restricts productivity and profitability of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) crops grown on acid soils worldwide. continued gains will be obtained by identifying superior alleles and novel al3+ resistance loci that can be incorporated into breeding programs. we used association mapping to identify genomic regions associated with al3+ resistance using 1055 accessions of common wheat from different geographic regions of the world and 178 polymorphic diversity arrays technolog ...201021076511
early and late plastid development in response to chill stress and heat stress in wheat seedlings.five-day-old etiolated wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings were transferred to 7°c (chill stress), 25°c (control), and 42°c (heat stress) and were kept in the dark or light for different time periods. plastids were isolated from the control and stressed seedlings, and their low-temperature (77 k) fluorescence emission spectra were monitored. most of the protochlorophyllide (pchlide) present in heat-stressed etiolated seedlings were in nonphototransformable form. the phototransformable pchlide ...201121063735
storage products and transcriptional analysis of the endosperm of cultivated wheat and two wild wheat species.the starch and protein in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) endosperm provide 20 percent of the calories eaten by humans and were heavily selected for during domestication. we examined the main storage products and gene expression patterns that may embody compositional differences between two wild species aegilops crassa and aegilops tauschii and cultivated bread wheat. the storage product profiles differed significantly with t. aestivum accumulating twice as much carbon as the wild species, while th ...201021063061
qtl mapping of 1000-kernel weight, kernel length, and kernel width in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).kernel size and morphology influence the market value and milling yield of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) controlling kernel traits in hexaploid wheat. we recorded 1000-kernel weight, kernel length, and kernel width for 185 recombinant inbred lines from the cross rye selection 111 × chinese spring grown in 2 agro-climatic regions in india for many years. composite interval mapping (cim) was employed for qtl det ...201021063060
characterization of ω-secalin genes from rye, triticale, and a wheat 1bl/1rs translocation line.sixty-two dna sequences for the coding regions of omega-secalin (ω-secalin) genes have been characterized from rye (secale cereale l.), hexaploid and octoploid triticale (× triticosecale wittmack), and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) 1bl/1rs translocation line. only 19 out of the 62 ω-secalin gene sequences were full-length open reading frames (orfs), which can be expressed into functional proteins. the other 43 dna sequences were pseudogenes, as their orfs were interrupted by one or a few stop cod ...201021063058
host associations and incidence of diuraphis spp. in the rocky mountain region of the united states, and pictorial key for their identification.the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia kurdjumov, is an introduced species first identified in 1986 into the united states. it has since become a major pest of wheat, triticum aestivum l., and other small grains in the western united states. three other diuraphis species, diuraphis frequens (walker), diuraphis mexicana (mcvicar baker), and diuraphis tritici (gillette), were already endemic to the united states before the introduction of d. noxia. the objective of this study was to determine th ...201021061992
[influence of ca2+ ions on metabolism of active oxygen species in combined cultures of wheat calluses with the fungus tilletia caries].the effect of ca2+ on morphophysiological parameters of calluses of wheat triticum aestovum l., the level of active oxygen species, and the activity of oxalate oxidase, peroxidase, and catalase is investigated in the case of infestation with the fungus triticum aestivum causing ball smut. the concentration of o2-, h2o2, and activity of oxidoreductases (oxalate oxidase, peroxidase, and catalase) depends on the content of ca2+ ions in the culture medium of calluses. the increase in the concentrati ...201021061603
transfer of the barrier to radial oxygen loss in roots of hordeum marinum to wheat (triticum aestivum): evaluation of four h. marinum-wheat amphiploids.• wide hybridization of waterlogging-tolerant hordeum marinum with wheat (triticum aestivum) to produce an amphiploid might be one approach to improve waterlogging tolerance in wheat. • growth, root aerenchyma and porosity, and radial oxygen loss (rol) along roots were measured in four h. marinum-wheat amphiploids and their parents (four accessions of h. marinum and chinese spring wheat) in aerated or stagnant nutrient solution. a soil experiment was also conducted. • hordeum marinum maintained ...201121054414
alternative splicing in the coding region of ppo-a1 directly influences the polyphenol oxidase activity in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).polyphenol oxidase (ppo) plays a crucial role in browning reactions in fresh and processed fruits and vegetables, as well as products made from cereal grains. common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) has a large genome, representing an interesting system to advance our understanding of plant ppo gene expression, regulation and function. in the present study, we characterized the expression of ppo-a1, a major ppo gene located on wheat chromosome 2a, using dna sequencing, semi-quantitative rt-pcr, ppo ...201121046181
differences in root functions during long-term drought adaptation: comparison of active gene sets of two wheat genotypes.in an attempt to shed light on the role of root systems in differential responses of wheat genotypes to long-term water limitation, transcriptional differences between two wheat genotypes (triticum aestivum l., cv. plainsman v and landrace kobomugi) were identified during adaptation to moderate water stress at the tillering stage. differences in organ sizes, water-use efficiency and seed production were detected in plants grown in soil, and root functions were characterised by expression profili ...201021040302
haplotype analysis of the genes encoding glutamine synthetase plastic isoforms and their association with nitrogen-use- and yield-related traits in bread wheat.glutamine synthetase (gs) plays a key role in the growth, nitrogen (n) use and yield potential of cereal crops. investigating the haplotype variation of gs genes and its association with agronomic traits may provide useful information for improving wheat n-use efficiency and yield. we isolated the promoter and coding region sequences of the plastic glutamine synthetase isoform (gs2) genes located on chromosomes 2a, 2b and 2d in bread wheat. by analyzing nucleotide sequence variations of the codi ...201121039562
molecular mapping of a non-host resistance gene yrpsty1 in barley (hordeum vulgare l.) for resistance to wheat stripe rust.cultivated barley (hordeum vulgare l.) is considered as a non-host or inappropriate host species for wheat stripe rust caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. most barley cultivars show a broad-spectrum resistance to wheat stripe rust. to determine the genes for resistance to wheat stripe rust in barley, a cross was made between a resistant barley line y12 and a susceptible line y16. the two parents, f(1) and 147 bc(1) plants were tested at seedling stage with chinese prevalent race cyr32 ...201021039455
unexpected presence of graminan- and levan-type fructans in the evergreen frost-hardy eudicot pachysandra terminalis (buxaceae): purification, cloning, and functional analysis of a 6-sst/6-sft enzyme.about 15% of flowering plants accumulate fructans. inulin-type fructans with β(2,1) fructosyl linkages typically accumulate in the core eudicot families (e.g. asteraceae), while levan-type fructans with β(2,6) linkages and branched, graminan-type fructans with mixed linkages predominate in monocot families. here, we describe the unexpected finding that graminan- and levan-type fructans, as typically occurring in wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare), also accumulate in pachysand ...201121037113
pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw (triticum aestivum l.)--the impact of lignin relocation and plant tissues on enzymatic accessibility.wheat straw is a potential feedstock for bioethanol production. this paper investigates tissues from whole internode sections subjected to hydrothermal pretreatment at 185°c and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis up to 144 h. analyses revealed an increase in surface lignin as hydrolysis progressed, which could be coupled to the gradual decrease in hydrolysis rate over time. the data support the hypothesis of lignin extraction from the cell wall matrix during pretreatment and deposition as droplets ...201121036603
210pb and 210po in finnish cereals.a survey was carried out on the activity concentrations of (210)pb and (210)po in cereal grains produced in finland. the cereal species were wheat (triticum aestivum), rye (secale cereale), oats (avena sativa) and barley (hordeum vulgare), which account for 90% of the finnish consumption of cereal products. the survey consisted of 18 flour and 13 unprocessed cereal samples and one hulled grain sample from 22 flour mills. according to the results, the mean (210)pb/(210)po concentrations in wheat ...201121035236
characterization of a common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) tasnrk2.7 gene involved in abiotic stress responses.sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase 2 (snrk2) plays a key role in the plant stress signalling transduction pathway via phosphorylation. here, a snrk2 member of common wheat, tasnrk2.7, was cloned and characterized. southern blot analysis suggested that the common wheat genome contains three copies of tasnrk2.7. subcellular localization showed the presence of tasnrk2.7 in the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. expression patterns revealed that tasnrk2.7 is expressed strongly in ro ...201121030389
on heterosis effects in triticum vulgare. 194621026389
isochromosomes and telocentrics in triticum vulgare. 194621021060
cryo-em structure and rrna model of a translating eukaryotic 80s ribosome at 5.5-a resolution.protein biosynthesis, the translation of the genetic code into polypeptides, occurs on ribonucleoprotein particles called ribosomes. although x-ray structures of bacterial ribosomes are available, high-resolution structures of eukaryotic 80s ribosomes are lacking. using cryoelectron microscopy and single-particle reconstruction, we have determined the structure of a translating plant (triticum aestivum) 80s ribosome at 5.5-å resolution. this map, together with a 6.1-å map of a saccharomyces cere ...201020980660
genomic distribution of quantitative trait loci for yield and yield-related traits in common wheat.a major objective of quantitative trait locus (qtl) studies is to find genes/markers that can be used in breeding programs via marker assisted selection (mas). we surveyed the qtls for yield and yield-related traits and their genomic distributions in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in the available published reports. we then carried out a meta-qtl (mqtl) analysis to identify the major and consistent qtls for these traits. in total, 55 mqtls were identified, of which 12 significant mqtls were ...201020977657
new insights into the organization, recombination, expression and functional mechanism of low molecular weight glutenin subunit genes in bread wheat.the bread-making quality of wheat is strongly influenced by multiple low molecular weight glutenin subunit (lmw-gs) proteins expressed in the seeds. however, the organization, recombination and expression of lmw-gs genes and their functional mechanism in bread-making are not well understood. here we report a systematic molecular analysis of lmw-gs genes located at the orthologous glu-3 loci (glu-a3, b3 and d3) of bread wheat using complementary approaches (genome wide characterization of gene me ...201020975830
localization of eukaryote-specific ribosomal proteins in a 5.5-å cryo-em map of the 80s eukaryotic ribosome.protein synthesis in all living organisms occurs on ribonucleoprotein particles, called ribosomes. despite the universality of this process, eukaryotic ribosomes are significantly larger in size than their bacterial counterparts due in part to the presence of 80 r proteins rather than 54 in bacteria. using cryoelectron microscopy reconstructions of a translating plant (triticum aestivum) 80s ribosome at 5.5-å resolution, together with a 6.1-å map of a translating saccharomyces cerevisiae 80s rib ...201020974910
identification and characterization of high temperature stress responsive genes in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and their regulation at various stages of development.to elucidate the effect of high temperature, wheat plants (triticum aestivum cv. cpan 1676) were given heat shock at 37 and 42°c for 2 h, and responsive genes were identified through pcr-select subtraction technology. four subtractive cdna libraries, including three forward and one reverse subtraction, were constructed from three different developmental stages. a total of 5,500 ests were generated and 3,516 high quality ests submitted to genbank. more than one-third of the ests generated fall in ...201120972607
carbohydrate structural analysis of wheat flour arabinogalactan protein.the water-extractable arabinogalactan protein (agp) was isolated from bread wheat flour (triticum aestivum l. variety cadenza) and the structure of the arabinogalactan (ag) carbohydrate component was studied. oligosaccharides, released by hydrolysis of the ag with a range of agp-specific enzymes, were characterised by matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation (maldi)-time of flight (tof)-mass spectrometry (ms), maldi-tof/tof high energy collision induced dissociation (cid) and polysaccharide a ...201020971454
a novel ta.agp.s.1b transcript in chinese common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase (agpase), the key enzyme of starch synthesis in plants, is composed of two small and two large subunits, and has plastidial and cytosolic isoforms. in kernels of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.), transcripts for cytosolic (ta.agp.s1a) and plastidial (ta.agp.s1b) small subunits of agpase were encoded by the same gene (ta.agp.s.1) by use of the alternative first exons. in this study, a cdna sequence (1631 bp) [ncbi: eu586278] encoding a nov ...201020965441
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