Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| delayed resistance to transgenic cotton in pink bollworm. | transgenic crops producing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins kill some key insect pests and thus can reduce reliance on insecticides. widespread planting of such bt crops increased concerns that their usefulness would be cut short by rapid evolution of resistance to bt toxins by pests. pink bollworm (pectinophora gossypiella) is a major pest that has experienced intense selection for resistance to bt cotton in arizona since 1997. we monitored pink bollworm resistance to bt toxin for 8 years wit ... | 2005 | 16227430 |
| additional morphological and physiological heterogeneity within the midgut of larval aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) revealed by histology, electrophysiology, and effects of bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin. | analysis of larval aedes aegypti midgut using scanning electron microscopy, nuclear and mitochondrial dyes, response to bacillus thuringiensis israelensis cryivb toxin, and electrophysiology is described. the anterior ventriculus ("stomach") region is found to have much lower mitochondrial densities than other midgut regions. the transitional region is distinguished by apical surface architecture, and by region-specific effects of cryivb endotoxin. in this region cryivb causes holes ranging from ... | 2005 | 16221479 |
| molecular dynamics simulations of the cytolytic toxin cyt1a in solution. | cytolytic toxin cyt1a from bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis is used as an environmentally friendly insecticide, but its mode of action has not been clearly established. one main obstacle seems to be the lack of the experimentally determined structure of the toxin. as a first step in computer simulations of cyt1a, in this paper, a three-dimensional molecular structure of cyt1a in solution was generated by homology modeling, potential energy minimization and molecular dynamics. regions of t ... | 2005 | 16220687 |
| effects of bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki on malpighian tubule cells of thaumetopoea pityocampa (lepidoptera: thaumetopoeidae) larvae. | in this study effects of bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (btk) on malpighian tubule cells of thaumetopoea pityocampa (lepidoptera: thaumetopoeidae) larvae was investigated by electron microscopy. 3 mg/l btk was given with food. after btk administration, the malpighian tubule cells were investigated and compared with a control group. 3 and 6 hrs after btk administration swelling in malpighian tubule cells was observed. swelling of mitochondria and separation of their cristae was seen after 12 hrs ... | 2005 | 16212102 |
| novel vip3-related protein from bacillus thuringiensis. | a novel vip3-related gene was identified in bacillus thuringiensis. this novel gene is 2,406 bp long and codes for a 91-kda protein (801 amino acids). this novel protein exhibits between 61 and 62% similarity with vip3a proteins and is designated vip3ba1. vip3ba1 has several specific features. differences between vip3ba1 and the vip3a proteins are spread throughout the sequence but are more frequent in the c-terminal part from amino acid 456 onward. the regions containing the two proteolytic pro ... | 2005 | 16204549 |
| transgenic indica rice plants harboring a synthetic cry2a* gene of bacillus thuringiensis exhibit enhanced resistance against lepidopteran rice pests. | a novel synthetic cry2a* gene was introduced into the elite indica rice restorer line minghui 63 by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. a total of 102 independent transformants were obtained. among them, 71 transformants were positive cry2a* plants according to pcr analysis. four highly insect-resistant lines with single-copy insertion (designated as 2a-1, 2a-2, 2a-3, and 2a-4) were selected based on field assessment and southern blot analysis in the t(1) generation. all four transgenic lines ... | 2005 | 16187120 |
| will transgenic plants adversely affect the environment? | transgenic insecticidal plants based on bacillus thuringiensis (bt) endotoxins, on proteinase inhibitors and on lectins, and transgenic herbicide tolerant plants are widely used in modern agriculture. the results of the studies on likelihood and non-likelihood of adverse effects of transgenic plants on the environment including: (i) effects on nontarget species; (ii) invasiveness; (iii) potential for transgenes to 'escape' into the environment by horizontal gene transfer; and (iv) adverse effect ... | 2005 | 16184014 |
| a bacillus thuringiensis isolation method utilizing a novel stain, low selection and high throughput produced atypical results. | bacillus thuringiensis is a bacterium known for producing protein crystals with insecticidal properties. these toxins are widely sought after for controlling agricultural pests due to both their specificity and their applicability in transgenic plants. there is great interest in isolating strains with improved or novel toxin characteristics, however isolating b. thuringiensis from the environment is time consuming and yields relatively few isolates of interest. new approaches to b. thuringiensis ... | 2005 | 16181492 |
| effect of biological additives and micronutrients on the anaerobic digestion of physicochemical sludge. | two additives (lyophilized bacilli and enzymes) and a solution of micronutrients (fe, co, ni and mo) were tried separately and in combination, in order to assess their effect on the anaerobic digestion of waste sludge from an enhanced primary treatment (ept) of municipal wastewater. three batch tests were carried out in serological bottles. in the first test, addition of bacilli increased production of methane from day 11 and at day 1 7 the production was 95% greater than the control. in that ex ... | 2005 | 16180439 |
| development of transgenic sorghum for insect resistance against the spotted stem borer (chilo partellus). | transgenic sorghum plants expressing a synthetic cry1ac gene from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) under the control of a wound-inducible promoter from the maize protease inhibitor gene (mpic1) were produced via particle bombardment of shoot apices. plants were regenerated from the transformed shoot apices via direct somatic embryogenesis with an intermittent three-step selection strategy using the herbicide basta. molecular characterisation based on polymerase chain reaction and southern blot analys ... | 2005 | 16172896 |
| insertion behavior of the bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba insecticidal protein into lipid monolayers. | toxicity mechanisms of bacillus thuringiensis cry insecticidal proteins involve membrane insertion and lytic pore formation in lipid bilayers of the target larval midgut cell membranes. the b. thuringiensis cry4ba mosquito-larvicidal protein has been shown to be capable of permeabilizing liposome vesicles and of forming ion channels in planar lipid bilayers. here, the membrane interaction of the 65-kda activated cry4ba protein with the lipid monolayers, comprising dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine ... | 2005 | 16171774 |
| piezoelectric-excited millimeter-sized cantilever (pemc) sensors detect bacillus anthracis at 300 spores/ml. | piezoelectric-excited millimeter-sized cantilever (pemc) sensors consisting of a piezoelectric and a borosilicate glass layer with a sensing area of 2.48 mm2 were fabricated. antibody specific to bacillus anthracis (ba, sterne strain 7702) spores was immobilized on pemc sensors, and exposed to spores (300 to 3x10(6) spores/ml). the resonant frequency decreased at a rate proportional to the spore concentration and reached a steady state frequency change of 5+/-5 hz (n=3), 92+/-7 hz (n=3), 500+/-1 ... | 2006 | 16169715 |
| co-expression of bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba and cyt2aa2 in escherichia coli revealed high synergism against aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus larvae. | cry4ba is a delta-endotoxin produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and cyt2aa2 is a cytolytic delta-endotoxin produced by b. thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis. cry4ba produced in escherichia coli was toxic to aedes aegypti larvae (lc(50)=140 ng ml(-1)) but virtually inactive to culex quinquefasciatus larvae. cyt2aa2 expressed in e. coli exhibited moderate activity against a. aegypti and c. quinquefasciatus larvae with lc(50) values of 350 and 250 ng ml(-1), respectively. co-expr ... | 2005 | 16168580 |
| characterization of a new bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin, cry47aa, from strains that are toxic to the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina. | sixteen isolates of bacillus thuringiensis, derived from various soil samples collected in australia, are highly toxic to larvae of the sheep blowfly (lucilia cuprina). the toxin gene from one of the strains (caa890) was cloned by genome walking, and sequencing of the cloned fragments revealed a new cry gene, encoding a protein of 1134 amino acid residues, with a theoretical molecular mass of 139,209da. based on the amino acid sequence comparison with known cry delta-endotoxins, the gene was des ... | 2005 | 16168574 |
| a comparative study of bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus anthracis extracellular proteomes. | bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus anthracis are closely related species that share a similar genetic background but occupy different ecological niches. virulence plasmids bearing genes coding for toxins, may explain, at least partly, this specialization. we have compared by 2-de in the early stationary phase of growth the extracellular proteomes of three strains of these species that have lost their virulence plasmids. proteins expected to be secreted or to belong to the cell ... | 2005 | 16167365 |
| identification of the bacillus anthracis (gamma) phage receptor. | bacillus anthracis, a gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium, is the etiological agent of anthrax. it belongs to the bacillus cereus group, which also contains bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis. most b. anthracis strains are sensitive to phage gamma, but most b. cereus and b. thuringiensis strains are resistant to the lytic action of phage gamma. here, we report the identification of a protein involved in the bacterial receptor for the gamma phage, which we term gamr (gamma phage recept ... | 2005 | 16166537 |
| toxicological effect of indole and its azo dye derivatives on some microorganisms under aerobic conditions. | azo dyes are ubiquitous commercial chemicals that present unique environmental problems. the azo dyes in particular can undergo natural anaerobic degradation to potentially carcinogenic amines. they pose a major problem for water-treatment plants downstream. one strategy to remidate polluted surface contaminants is to make use of the degradative capacity of bacteria rather than using destructive chemical reactions. therefore, pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms namely; bacillus thuringi ... | 2006 | 16165191 |
| molecular characterization of a novel chitinase from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. | the present work aims to study a new chitinase from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. | 2005 | 16162247 |
| construction of a new high-copy number shuttle vector of bacillus thuringiensis. | construction and characterization of a new cloning shuttle vector for gene transfer and expression in bacillus thuringiensis. | 2005 | 16162145 |
| inorganic phosphate has a crucial effect on cry3aa delta-endotoxin production. | the study aimed at increasing cry3aa delta-endotoxin production by a local isolate of bacillus thuringiensis (b.t. strain mm2). to this end, different nutritional conditions were tested for their effects on cry3aa yields. | 2005 | 16162135 |
| partial restoration of antibacterial activity of the protein encoded by a cryptic open reading frame (cyt1ca) from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis by site-directed mutagenesis. | insecticidal crystal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis belong to two unrelated toxin families: receptor-specific cry toxins against insects and cyt toxins that lyse a broad range of cells, including bacteria, via direct binding to phospholipids. a new cyt-like open reading frame (cyt1ca) encoding a 60-kda protein, has recently been discovered (c. berry et al., appl. environ. microbiol. 68:5082-5095, 2002). cyt1ca displays the structure of a two-domain fusion protein: the n-terminal moiety resem ... | 2005 | 16159771 |
| species-specific bacteria identification using differential mobility spectrometry and bioinformatics pattern recognition. | as bacteria grow and proliferate, they release a variety of volatile compounds that can be profiled and used for speciation, providing an approach amenable to disease diagnosis through quick analysis of clinical cultures as well as patient breath analysis. as a practical alternative to mass spectrometry detection and whole cell pyrolysis approaches, we have developed methodology that involves detection via a sensitive, micromachined differential mobility spectrometer (microdmx), for sampling hea ... | 2005 | 16159124 |
| generation and analysis of soybean plastid transformants expressing bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab protoxin. | we describe the generation of fertile and homoplasmic soybean plastid transformants, expressing the bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protoxin cry1ab. transgenes were targeted in the intergenic region of glycine max plastome, between the rps12/7 and trnv genes and selection was carried out using the aada gene encoding spectinomycin resistance. molecular analysis confirmed the integration of the cry1ab and aada expression cassettes at the expected location in the soybean plastome, and the trans ... | 2005 | 16158241 |
| changes in cry1ac bt transgenic cotton in response to two environmental factors: temperature and insect damage. | the efficacy of cry1ac bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cotton plants against field populations of helicoverpa armigera (hübner) has been inconsistent over the growing season. any reduction in efficacy (where efficacy is the capacity of the plant to affect the survival of the insect) increases the opportunities for h. armigera to evolve resistance to bt toxin. changes in efficacy could be due to changes at the level of gene expression and/or in the physiological makeup of the plant and may be induced ... | 2005 | 16156594 |
| genetic basis of resistance to cry1ac and cry2aa in heliothis virescens (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the development of pest resistance to transgenic crop plants producing insecticidal toxins from bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) poses a major threat to their sustainable use in agriculture. "pyramiding" two toxins with different modes of actions in the same plant is now being used to delay the evolution of resistance in the insects, but this strategy could fail if a single gene in a pest confers resistance to both toxins. the cp73 strain of the cotton pest heliothis virescens (f.) is resist ... | 2005 | 16156591 |
| susceptibility of dipel-resistant and -susceptible ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae) to individual bacillus thuringiensis protoxins. | dipel-resistant and -susceptible strains of ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) were evaluated for larval mortality and growth inhibition when fed diets containing individual bacillus thuringiensis protoxins. resistance ratios for four of the protoxins in dipel (cry1aa, cry1ab, cry1ac, and cry2aa) were 170-, 205-, 524-, and > 640-fold, respectively, considerably higher than the 47-fold resistance to dipel. the dipel-resistant strain was 36-fold resistant to cry1ba, a protoxin not present in dipel. anoth ... | 2005 | 16156588 |
| baseline susceptibility of western corn rootworm (coleoptera: crysomelidae) to cry3bb1 bacillus thuringiensis toxin. | susceptibility to cry3bb1 toxin from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) was determined for western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, neonates from both laboratory and field populations collected from across the corn belt. rootworm larvae were exposed to artificial diet treated with increasing cry3bb1 concentrations, and mortality and growth inhibition were evaluated after 4-7 d. the range of variation in bt susceptibility indicated by growth inhibition was similar to that indicated ... | 2005 | 16156586 |
| fitness of cry1a-resistant and -susceptible helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) on transgenic cotton with reduced levels of cry1ac. | the performance of helicoverpa armigera (hübner) on 15-wk-old cotton plants was compared for a susceptible strain, a near-isogenic laboratory-selected strain, and f1 progeny of the two strains. glasshouse experiments were conducted to test the three insect types on conventional plants and transgenic plants that produced the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin cry1ac. at the time of testing (15 wk), the cry1ac concentration in cotton leaves was 75% lower than at 4 wk. on these plants, < 10% of susc ... | 2005 | 16156585 |
| effect of cry3bb1-expressing transgenic corn on plant-to-plant movement by western corn rootworm larvae (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | dispersal of larvae of the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, in specific combinations of transgenic corn expressing the cry3bb1 protein and nontransgenic, isoline corn was evaluated in a 2-yr field study. in total, 1,500 viable western corn rootworm eggs were infested in each subplot. each year, plant damage and larval recovery were evaluated among four pedigree combinations (straight transgenic; straight nontransgenic corn; nontransgenic corn with a transgenic centr ... | 2005 | 16156562 |
| structure-function relationships of a membrane pore forming toxin revealed by reversion mutagenesis. | cyt2aa1 is a haemolytic membrane pore forming toxin produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kyushuensis. to investigate membrane pore formation by this toxin, second-site revertants of an inactive mutant toxin cyt2aa1-i150a were generated by random mutagenesis using error-prone pcr. the decrease in side chain length caused by the replacement of isoleucine by alanine at position 150 in the alphad-beta4 loop results in the loss of important van der waals contacts that exist in the native protein ... | 2005 | 16154904 |
| beetle-specific bacillus thuringiensis cry3aa toxin reduces larval growth and curbs reproduction in spodoptera littoralis (boisd.). | application of bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis (bt) and expression of the bt protein cry3aa in genetically modified crops are used for targeted control of the colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata (say). the cry3a proteins are selectively toxic for the beetles but the present study describes effects of cry3aa on the egyptian armyworm, spodoptera littoralis (boisduval). cry3aa expressed in potatoes or added to an agar-base wheat-germ diet reduced the growth of s. littoralis caterpil ... | 2005 | 16152673 |
| can agrobiont spiders (araneae) avoid a surface with pesticide residues? | integrated pest management includes the use of various pesticides that can have a detrimental effect on spiders. a pesticide can express its activity directly or via residues. most of the attention paid to the impact of pesticides on spiders has investigated the effects of direct exposure. our aim in this study was to investigate the residual activity (repellency and toxicity) of selected pesticides on six principal species of spider occurring in an apple orchard. four of these species (clubiona ... | 2005 | 16152672 |
| common receptor for bacillus thuringiensis toxins cry1ac, cry1fa, and cry1ja in helicoverpa armigera, helicoverpa zea, and spodoptera exigua. | binding studies using (125)i-cry1ac and biotinylated cry1fa toxins indicate the occurrence of a common receptor for cry1ac, cry1fa, and cry1ja in helicoverpa armigera, helicoverpa zea, and spodoptera exigua. our results, along with previous binding data and the observed cases of cross-resistance, suggest that this pattern seems to be widespread among lepidopteran species. | 2005 | 16151165 |
| inactivation of spores of bacillus anthracis sterne, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis by chlorination. | three species of bacillus were evaluated as potential surrogates for bacillus anthracis for determining the sporicidal activity of chlorination as commonly used in drinking water treatment. spores of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis were found to be an appropriate surrogate for spores of b. anthracis for use in chlorine inactivation studies. | 2005 | 16151153 |
| assessment of cry1 gene contents of bacillus thuringiensis strains by use of dna microarrays. | a single bacillus thuringiensis strain can harbor numerous different insecticidal crystal protein (cry) genes from 46 known classes or primary ranks. the cry1 primary rank is the best known and contains the highest number of cry genes which currently totals over 130. we have designed an oligonucleotide-based dna microarray (cryarray) to test the feasibility of using microarrays to identify the cry gene content of b. thuringiensis strains. specific 50-mer oligonucleotide probes representing the c ... | 2005 | 16151129 |
| the bt gene cry2aa2 driven by a tissue specific st-ls1 promoter from potato effectively controls heliothis virescens. | expression of the cry2aa2 protein was targeted specifically to the green tissues of transgenic tobacco nicotiana tabacum cv. xanthi plants. this deployment was achieved by using the promoter region of the gene encoding the solanum tuberosum leaf and stem specific (st-ls1) protein. the accumulated levels of toxin in the leaves were found to be effective in achieving 100% mortality of heliothis virescens larvae. the levels of cry2aa2 expression in the leaves of these transgenic plants were up to 0 ... | 2005 | 16145837 |
| two different bacillus thuringiensis toxin genes confer resistance to beet armyworm (spodoptera exigua hübner) in transgenic bt-shallots (allium cepa l.). | agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation was applied to produce beet armyworm (spodoptera exigua hübner) resistant tropical shallots (allium cepa l. group aggregatum). a cry1ca or a h04 hybrid gene from bacillus thuringiensis, driven by the chrysanthemum ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit (rubisco ssu) promoter, along with the hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (hpt) driven by the camv 35s promoter, was employed for genetic transformation. an average transformatio ... | 2005 | 16145834 |
| cry3aa11: a new cry3aa delta-endotoxin from a local isolate of bacillus thuringiensis. | a local isolate of bacillus thuringiensis mm2 had insecticidal activity against the larvae of melolontha melolontha, agelastica alni, leptinotarsa decemlineata and amphimallon solstitiale and produced a 65 kda protein. sds-page profile of b. thuringiensis mm2 was compared with those of 29 different cry3aa producers which verified cry3aa biosynthesis by the isolate. the cry3aa gene of mm2 was cloned, sequenced and the deduced amino acid sequence was compared with the cry3aa sequences of ten diffe ... | 2005 | 16132862 |
| development of a microfluidic platform with an optical imaging microarray capable of attomolar target dna detection. | in this paper, dna hybridization in a microfluidic manifold is performed using fluorescence detection on a fiber-optic microarray. the microfluidic device integrates optics, sample transport, and fluidic interconnects on a single platform. a high-density optical imaging fiber array containing oligonucleotide-labeled microspheres was developed. dna hybridization was observed at concentrations as low as 10 am with response times of less than 15 min at a flow rate of 1 microl/min using 50 microl of ... | 2005 | 16131069 |
| [effects of carbon sources on the expression of cry1d -lacz in bacillus thuringiensis]. | in order to investigate the influence of the carbon source on the expression of cry1d -lacz in bacillus thuringiensis with different genetic backgrounds, cry1d -lacz was introduced into different strains and cultured in liquid medium containing different carbon sources. analysis of activity of beta-galactosidase showed that cry1d -lacz expressed differently in the same host because of different carbon sources and differently in different hosts utilizing same carbon sources,suggesting that metabo ... | 2002 | 16126687 |
| [pcr detection of transgenic elements in feed raw material]. | based on the heterogeneous genes usually used in transgenic crops, the pcr technique was performed with primers derived from camv 35s promoter (35s-promoter,originated from cauliflower mosaic virus), nos terminator (nopaline synthase-terminator,derived from agrobacterium tumefaciens), epsps (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) gene, and cryia(b) (delta-endotoxin,evolved from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki) gene to detect transgenic agents from feed raw materials of soybean dregs ... | 2002 | 16126685 |
| structure and distribution of the bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba toxin in lipid membranes. | bacillus thuringiensis cry delta-endotoxins cause death of susceptible insect larvae by forming lytic pores in the midgut epithelial cell membranes. the 65 kda trypsin activated cry4ba toxin was previously shown to be capable of permeabilizing liposomes and forming ionic channels in receptor-free planar lipid bilayers. here, magnetic acmode (macmode) atomic force microscopy (afm) was used to characterize the lateral distribution and the native molecular structure of the cry4ba toxin in the membr ... | 2005 | 16125846 |
| bacillus endophthalmitis: roles of bacterial toxins and motility during infection. | bacillus endophthalmitis is a highly explosive infection of the eye that commonly results in rapid inflammation and vision loss, if not loss of the eye itself, within a few days. quorum-sensing-controlled toxins are essential to virulence during infection. another unique characteristic of this disease is the ability of bacillus to replicate rapidly and migrate to all parts of the eye. this study was conducted to determine the combined roles of toxins and motility during bacillus endophthalmitis. | 2005 | 16123424 |
| measuring gene flow in the cultivation of transgenic cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). | transgenic bt cotton newcott 33b and transgenic tfd a cotton tfd were chosen to evaluate pollen dispersal frequency and distance of transgenic cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) in the huanghe valley cotton-producing zone, china. the objective was to evaluate the efficacy of biosafety procedures used to reduce pollen movement. a field test plot of transgenic cotton (6 x 6 m) was planted in the middle of a nontransgenic field measuring 210 x 210 m. the results indicated that the pollen of bt cotton o ... | 2005 | 16118411 |
| improved production of insecticidal proteins in bacillus thuringiensis strains carrying an additional cry1c gene in its chromosome. | a cryic gene, whose product is active against spodoptera exigua, was introduced into wildtype bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki strain ybt1520 using an integrative and thermosensitive vector, pbmb-flce, which was developed based on b. thuringiensis transposon tn4430 harboring a tnpi-tnpa gene. with the mediation of tnpi-tnpa, the cry1c gene was integrated into the chromosome of the host strain. to prevent secondary integration, the integrative vector was eliminated by moving recombinant cultures t ... | 2005 | 16116654 |
| control of chironomid midge larvae in wastewater stabilisation ponds: comparison of five compounds. | chironomid midge larvae are a valuable component of wastewater stabilisation pond (wsp) ecology. however, in high numbers, adult midge swarms can be a nuisance to near-by urban areas. improving wsp treatment by incorporating aerobic or maturation ponds or by the addition of pre-treatment to reduce organic loading also increases the availability of aerobic sediment (midge larva habitat) in the pond system and the potential for midge nuisance problems. the efficacy of maldison, an organophosphate ... | 2005 | 16114682 |
| [cloning and expression of tyrosinase-encoding gene (mel) of bacillus thuringiensis and its initial research of application]. | tyrosinase, which is encoded by tyrosinase gene (mel), is the key enzyme in the process of melanin formation in animals, plants and microorganisms. using the primers designed by comparing the conserved domain of tyrosinase, a dna fragment was amplified which contain the mel gene from bacillus thuringiensis 4d11. the recombinant e. coli emb1179 was gained by subcloning this dna fragment onto the vector pgem-7zf and transformed it into e. coli dh5alpha. emb1179 express the tyrosinase activity and ... | 2004 | 16110969 |
| biomimetic extraction of bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins from soil based on invertebrate gut fluid chemistry. | quantitative monitoring of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) insecticidal crystal proteins in soil has been hampered by the lack of efficient extraction/detection methods. a novel approach for simple and effective bt protein extraction was explored by evaluating extraction solutions from invertebrate gut fluids. marine worm gut fluids were identified as promising for extracting bt protein from soil. an artificial gut fluid based on these marine worm gut fluids was developed using commercially availabl ... | 2005 | 16104777 |
| growth, productivity, and competitiveness of introgressed weedy brassica rapa hybrids selected for the presence of bt cry1ac and gfp transgenes. | concerns exist that transgenic crop x weed hybrid populations will be more vigorous and competitive with crops compared with the parental weed species. hydroponic, glasshouse, and field experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of introgression of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1ac and green fluorescent protein (gfp) transgenes on hybrid productivity and competitiveness in four experimental brassica rapa x transgenic brassica napus hybrid generations (f1, bc1f1, bc2f1 and bc2f2). the av ... | 2005 | 16101783 |
| comparative genome analysis of bacillus cereus group genomes with bacillus subtilis. | genome features of the bacillus cereus group genomes (representative strains of bacillus cereus, bacillus anthracis and bacillus thuringiensis sub spp. israelensis) were analyzed and compared with the bacillus subtilis genome. a core set of 1381 protein families among the four bacillus genomes, with an additional set of 933 families common to the b. cereus group, was identified. differences in signal transduction pathways, membrane transporters, cell surface structures, cell wall, and s-layer pr ... | 2005 | 16099605 |
| identification and characterization of proteins from bacillus thuringiensis with high toxic activity against the sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina. | current control of the sheep blowfly (lucilia cuprina) relies on chemical insecticides, however, with the development of resistance and increasing concerns about human health and environmental residues, alternative strategies to control this economically important pest are required. in this study, we have identified several isolates of bacillus thuringiensis (bt), collected from various australian soil samples, that produce crystals containing 130 and 28 kda proteins. these isolates were highly ... | 2005 | 16098986 |
| the inha1 metalloprotease allows spores of the b. cereus group to escape macrophages. | bacteria of the bacillus cereus group are resistant to the immune systems of various hosts and establish potent infections, implying that bacteria circumvent the bactericidal activity of host phagocytic cells. we investigated the fate of bacillus spores after their internalization by macrophages. we found that these spores survive and escape from macrophages, and that the bacterial metalloprotease inha1, the major component of the exosporium, is essential for efficient spore release from macroph ... | 2005 | 16098222 |
| screening of cry2 genes in bacillus thuringiensis isolates from argentina. | a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) method for identification of cry2 genes from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) was established. strains from different sources of argentina were analyzed to study the distribution of cry2 genes. the results showed that cry2aa/cry2ab profile was the most abundant irrespective of source and represented 56 of 59 bt isolates (94.9%). three different cry2 profiles were found in this collection, one of which was novel. | 2005 | 16096692 |
| wastewater sludge as a potential raw material for antagonistic fungus (trichoderma sp.): role of pre-treatment and solids concentration. | feasibility of production of antagonistic trichoderma sp. conidial spores using wastewater sludge as a raw material employing different suspended solids concentration (10-50 g/l) was investigated in shake flasks. maximum conidial spore count obtained for raw sludge was 1.98 x 10(4) cfu/ml, which was enhanced by sludge pre-treatments (alkaline and thermal alkaline). conidial spore count ranging from 1.3 x 10(6) to 2.8 x 10(7) cfu/ml was observed for alkaline and thermal alkaline treated sludges. ... | 2005 | 16095662 |
| expression of the cry11a gene of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the complete cry11a region gene of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis was fused in frame to the 3' end of the gst gene under the control of the saccharomyces cerevisiae hxk1 promoter. the fusion protein gst-cry11a was expressed in s. cerevisiae strain amw13c+. the fusion gene gst-cry11a was expressed when yeast cells were grown on galactose and a nonfermentable medium containing ethanol as carbon and energy source. when the cells were grown in glucose, mannose, fructose, or glycerol as carb ... | 2005 | 16091775 |
| novel antibacterial proteins from entomocidal crystals of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis. | proteins with molecular masses of 36 and 34 kda (bti36 and bti34) were isolated from entomocidal crystals formed by bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis cells. the samples of bti36 contained the admixture of a protein with a molecular mass of 33 kda (bti33), apparently a product of proteolysis of bti36. these 3 proteins are significantly different in n-terminal sequences from known delta-endotoxins of b. thuringiensis and show antibacterial activity toward micrococcus luteus. the combination ... | 2005 | 16091772 |
| molecular composition of leaves and stems of genetically modified bt and near-isogenic non-bt maize--characterization of lignin patterns. | transformation of crops, including maize (zea mays l.), with the cry1ab gene from bacillus thuringiensis to combat lepidopteran pests results in pleiotropic effects regarding lignin biosynthesis. lignin patterns in stems and leaves of two genetically modified bt-maize varieties (novelis t and valmont t) were studied along with their non-bt near-isolines (nobilis and prelude, respectively). molecular-level based thermochemolysis using tetramethylammonium hydroxide (tmah) in combination with gas c ... | 2005 | 16091603 |
| architecture and high-resolution structure of bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus cereus spore coat surfaces. | we have utilized atomic force microscopy (afm) to visualize the native surface topography and ultrastructure of bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus cereus spores in water and in air. afm was able to resolve the nanostructure of the exosporium and three distinctive classes of appendages. removal of the exosporium exposed either a hexagonal honeycomb layer (b. thuringiensis) or a rodlet outer spore coat layer (b. cereus). removal of the rodlet structure from b. cereus spores revealed an underlying ... | 2005 | 16089397 |
| three-dimensional structure of the quorum-quenching n-acyl homoserine lactone hydrolase from bacillus thuringiensis. | the three-dimensional structure of the n-acyl-l-homoserine lactone hydrolase (ahl lactonase) from bacillus thuringiensis has been determined, by using single-wavelength anomalous dispersion (sad) phasing, to 1.6-angstroms resolution. ahls are produced by many gram-negative bacteria as signaling molecules used in quorum-sensing pathways that indirectly sense cell density and regulate communal behavior. because of their importance in pathogenicity, quorum-sensing pathways have been suggested as po ... | 2005 | 16087890 |
| results of a 90-day safety assurance study with rats fed grain from corn rootworm-protected corn. | the results of a 90-day rat feeding study with yieldgard (yieldgard rootworm corn is a registered trademark of monsanto technology, llc.) rootworm corn (mon 863) grain that is protected against feeding damage caused by corn rootworm larvae are presented. corn rootworm-protection was accomplished through the introduction of a cry3bb1 coding sequence into the corn genome for in planta production of a modified cry3bb1 protein from bacillus thuringiensis. grain from mon 863 and its near isogenic con ... | 2006 | 16084637 |
| [residual effect of commercial applications of larvicides temefos and bacillus thuringiensis israelensis on aedes aegypti larvae in recipients with water renewal]. | the residual effect of temefos (commercial applications a, b and c) and bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (d and e) on aedes aegypti larvae was evaluated, in recipients with water renewal. forty-four beakers of 1,000ml each (8 for each application and 4 controls) were used. in each beaker, 25 larvae were introduced daily. after 24 hours, the dead larvae were counted, the beakers emptied to 200ml and refilled to original volume, with addition of new larvae. the duration of the maximum residual e ... | 2005 | 16082478 |
| will bt cotton remain effective in india? | 2005 | 16082355 | |
| identification of a novel cytotoxic protein, cry45aa, from bacillus thuringiensis a1470 and its selective cytotoxic activity against various mammalian cell lines. | parasporal inclusion proteins produced by bacillus thuringiensis strain a1470 exhibit strong cytotoxicity against human leukemic t cells when activated by protease treatment. one of the cytotoxic proteins was separated by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography and designated cry45aa. its gene was then expressed in recombinant escherichia coli, in which the cry45aa precursor was accumulated in an inclusion body. it was solubilized in sodium carbonate buffer and processed ... | 2005 | 16076112 |
| identification and quantification of three genetically modified insect resistant cotton lines using conventional and taqman real-time polymerase chain reaction methods. | as the genetically modified organisms (gmos) labeling policies are issued in many countries, qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr) techniques are increasingly used for the detection of genetically modified (gm) crops in foods. qualitative pcr and taqman real-time quantitative pcr methods to detect and identify three varieties of insect resistant cotton, i.e., mon531 cotton (monsanto co.) and gk19 and sgk321 cottons (chinese academy of agricultural sciences), which were app ... | 2005 | 16076097 |
| growth, sporulation, delta-endotoxins synthesis, and toxicity during culture of bacillus thuringiensis h14. | growth, sporulation, synthesis of delta-endotoxins, and toxicity against the larvae of aedes aegypti and culex pipiens were studied during fermentation of bacillus thuringiensis h14 in a 20-l fermentor. measurements of optical density and dielectric permittivity for biomass determination suggest a highly promising technique for on-line evaluation of sporulation. the synthesis of 65-, 25- and 130-kda proteins started at 16, 18, and 23 h, respectively. these proteins were enriched in different way ... | 2005 | 16059772 |
| cloning and characterization of two novel genes, cry24b and s1orf2, from a mosquitocidal strain of bacillus thuringiensis serovar sotto. | two new crystal protein genes, cry24b and s1orf2, were cloned from a mosquitocidal bacillus thuringiensis serovar sotto strain. the cry24b and s1orf2 genes encoded a 76-kda and 62-kda protein, respectively. the cry24b protein retained five conserved regions commonly found in the existing cry proteins. the amino acid sequence of the s1orf2 had a high homology to that of the orf2 protein of b. thuringiensis serovar jegathesan. southern hybridization experiments with a cry24b gene-specific probe re ... | 2005 | 16059769 |
| effect of bt corn on broiler growth performance and fate of feed-derived dna in the digestive tract. | the aim of the study was to evaluate the effect on broiler performance of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn containing the cry1a(b) protein compared with the corresponding near isogenic corn and to analyze the degradation of the cry1a(b) gene in the digestive tract. ross male broilers (432) were fed for 42 consecutive days with diets containing bt or isogenic corn. diet, bt corn, and the isogenic form of the bt corn were analyzed for composition and aflatoxin b1, fumonisin b1, and deox ... | 2005 | 16050119 |
| evaluation of detection methods for genetically modified traits in genotypes resistant to european corn borer and herbicides. | detection of genetically modified (gm) traits in corn (zea mays l.) is urgently needed for preservation of genetic identity and marketing gm products. a laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency, accuracy, and reliability of different analytical methods to detect gm traits in corn. samples with known fractions of gm concentrations (bacillus thuringiensis [bt], liberty link [ll] and stacked [bt/ll] genes) from commercial seed companies and those derived from yellow kernels in a wh ... | 2005 | 16047885 |
| occurrence and significance of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis in ready-to-eat food. | among 48,901 samples of ready-to-eat food products at the danish retail market, 0.5% had counts of bacillus cereus-like bacteria above 10(4) cfu g(-1). the high counts were most frequently found in starchy, cooked products, but also in fresh cucumbers and tomatoes. forty randomly selected strains had at least one gene or component involved in human diarrhoeal disease, while emetic toxin was related to only one b. cereus strain. a new observation was that 31 out of the 40 randomly selected b. cer ... | 2005 | 16043311 |
| conjugative plasmid paw63 brings new insights into the genesis of the bacillus anthracis virulence plasmid pxo2 and of the bacillus thuringiensis plasmid pbt9727. | bacillus cereus, bacillus anthracis and bacillus thuringiensis belong to the genetically close-knit bacillus cereus sensu lato group, a family of rod-shaped gram-positive bacteria. paw63 is the first conjugative plasmid from the b. cereus group to be completely sequenced. | 2005 | 16042811 |
| x-ray structure of the r69d phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c enzyme: insight into the role of calcium and surrounding amino acids in active site geometry and catalysis. | phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase cs (plcs) are a family of phosphodiesterases that catalyze the cleavage of the p-o bond via transesterification using the internal hydroxyl group of the substrate as a nucleophile, generating the five-membered cyclic inositol phosphate as an intermediate or product. to better understand the role of calcium in the catalytic mechanism of plcs, we have determined the x-ray crystal structure of an engineered plc enzyme from bacillus thuringiensis to 2.1 a ... | 2005 | 16042375 |
| [lepidopterism due to the butterfly hylesia nigricans. preventive research-intervention in buenos aires]. | a preventive research-intervention against the butterfly hylesia nigricans was performed after an increase in spontaneous reports of nonspecific dermatitis in el pato neighbourhood, berazategui county, buenos aires province. the overall pre-intervention incidence was estimated with a semistructured questionnaire carried out during march 2001. the trees in the street were sprayed with bacillus thuringiensis, and the insecticide effect was evaluated both in the field and in the laboratory (novembe ... | 2005 | 16042136 |
| insights into the genetic organization of the bacillus mycoides cryptic plasmids pdx14.2 and psin9.7 deduced from their complete nucleotide sequence. | bacillus mycoides, a member of the bacillus cereus group of bacteria, can be easily distinguished from close species because of colony shape, made by filaments of cells, resembling fungal hyphae, curving clock- or counterclockwise depending on the strain. two plasmids, one from a strain curving to the right (pdx14.2), the other from a strain curving to the left (psin9.7), were sequenced and analyzed for gene content and replication mode. rolling-circle replication modules and mobilization protei ... | 2005 | 16040120 |
| insecticidal bacteria: an overwhelming success for invertebrate pathology. | the discovery and study of insecticidal bacteria, which began a little over a century ago, led to the development of commercial bacterial insecticides in the middle of the century that became the first successful and widely used microbial control agents. most of these products were based on bacillus thuringiensis, a bacterium that kills insects through the use of insecticidal proteins that subsequently became known as cry proteins. while most of these products were only effective against lepidop ... | 2005 | 16039303 |
| from metchnikoff to monsanto and beyond: the path of microbial control. | in 125 years since metchnikoff proposed the use of metarhizium anisopliae to control the wheat cockchafer and brought about the first field trials, microbial control has progressed from the application of naturalists' observations to biotechnology and precision delivery. this review highlights major milestones in its evolution and presents a perspective on its current direction. fungal pathogens, the most eye-catching agents, dominated the early period, but major mycological control efforts for ... | 2005 | 16039302 |
| effect of biopesticides on the lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) of the rice leaffolder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) (insecta: lepidoptera: pyralidae). | the effects of bacterial toxins (bacillus thuringiensis) and botanical insecticides (azadirachta indica and vitex negundo) on lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) activity in cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) (the rice leaffolder) were evaluated. bacterial toxins and botanical insecticides affected the ldh activity individually and in combination. when they were combined, the effect was more severe at low concentration. there was a decrease in enzyme activity over controls at all concentrations tested. t ... | 2006 | 16033698 |
| efficient expression of vip184deltap gene under the control of promoters plus shine-dalgarno (sd) sequences of cry genes from bacillus thuringiensis. | to compare vip184deltap gene expression time course and vip184 protein yield under the control of promoters and shine-dalgarno (sd) sequences of vip184, cry3a and cry1a gene from bacillus thuringiensis respectively. | 2005 | 16033476 |
| [reaction of separate physiologic barriers in different races of honeybee apis mellifera in bacterial infection]. | 2005 | 16033212 | |
| evaluation of upstream point treatment in flowing water ditches by aquabac (bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis) against culex quinquefasciatus. | the effectiveness of the upstream point treatment by aquabac biolarvicide (bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, biological larvicide aqueous suspension) against culex quinquefasciatus say in slow-flowing water ditches has been evaluated in st. augustine beach, st. johns county, fl. the upstream point treatment by aquabac (liquid) at 0.5 liter/acre provided significant levels of larval control of cx. quinquefasciatus for all sections of the downstream for 9 days. the upstream point treatment ... | 2005 | 16033130 |
| contribution of exsfa and exsfb proteins to the localization of bcla on the spore surface and to the stability of the bacillus anthracis exosporium. | spores of bacillus anthracis, the etiological agent of anthrax, and the closely related species bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis, possess an exosporium, which is the outermost structure surrounding the mature spore. it consists of a paracrystalline basal layer and a hair-like outer layer. to date, the structural contribution of only one exosporium component, the collagen-like glycoprotein bcla, has been described. it is the structural component of the hair-like filaments. here, we desc ... | 2005 | 16030205 |
| uptake of bt endotoxins by nontarget herbivores and higher order arthropod predators: molecular evidence from a transgenic corn agroecosystem. | the planting of transgenic crops expressing bacillus thuringiensis endotoxins is widespread throughout the world; the prolific increase in their application exposes nontarget organisms to toxins designed to control pests. to date, studies have focused upon the effects of bt endotoxins on specific herbivores and detritivores, without consideration of their persistence within arthropod food webs. here, we report the first quantitative field evaluation of levels of bt endotoxin within nontarget her ... | 2005 | 16029480 |
| spider web survey or whole plant visual sampling? impact assessment of bt corn on non-target predatory insects with two concurrent methods. | impact assessment studies rely on relevant sampling methods. correct evaluation of methods can be done by their concurrent use in the same sampling site and period. collecting webs of theridion impressum l. koch (araneae: theridiidae) may serve as an arthropod sampling method: empty cuticles of prey items remain attached to the back side of the leaves with adhesive silk. our study aimed to compare the applicability of the two methods concurrently (spider web survey and whole plant visual samplin ... | 2004 | 16028799 |
| an algorithm for estimating potential deposition of corn pollen for environmental assessment. | the safety and impact on the environment of transgenic crops are important issues, and studies have shown that pollen from transgenic bt (bacillus thuringiensis) corn (zea mays l.) may kill nontarget insects. to develop an algorithm for assessing the environmental effect of transgenic crops, we arranged a field experiment in tsukuba, japan. pollen dispersal and deposition were measured inside and outside a cornfield throughout the flowering period. weather conditions such as wind speed and direc ... | 2004 | 16028796 |
| the cost of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis varies with the host plant of trichoplusia ni. | selection for resistance to insecticides, diseases and parasitoids is assumed to be costly and often requires tradeoffs with reproductive fitness. the costs of resistance, however, are often difficult to measure. cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni, a generalist lepidopteran herbivore, has become highly resistant following the extensive use of the microbial insecticide, bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (bt) in vegetable greenhouses. we compared the growth rate, pupal size and survival of resistant, s ... | 2005 | 16024361 |
| effects of bt maize on the herbivore spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and the parasitoid cotesia marginiventris (hymenoptera: braconidae). | recent studies have shown that transgenic insect resistant plants can have negative effects on non-target herbivores as well as on beneficial insects. the study of tritrophic interactions gives insight into the complex mechanisms of food webs in the field and can easily be incorporated into a tiered risk assessment framework. we investigated the effects of transgenic maize (zea mays) expressing insecticidal proteins derived from bacillus thuringiensis (bt maize) on spodoptera littoralis, a non-t ... | 2005 | 16022385 |
| effects of bt maize-fed prey on the generalist predator poecilus cupreus l. (coleoptera: carabidae). | we investigated the effects of transgenic maize (zea mays) expressing bacillus thuringienses toxin (bt maize) on larval and adult poecilus cupreus carabid beetles in laboratory studies. in no-choice trials, neonate p. cupreus larvae were fed exclusively with spodoptera littoralis caterpillars, which had been raised on bt maize. s. littoralis raised on conventional maize or "high quality" calliphora sp. pupae were fed to the beetle larvae in two control treatments. bt-maize-fed caterpillar prey i ... | 2005 | 16022384 |
| season-long variation in expression of cry1ac gene and efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis toxin in transgenic cotton against helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the insertion of genes encoding insecticidal cry1a delta-endotoxins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis berliner variety kurstaki (bt) into varieties of cotton (gossypium spp.) was undertaken to assist in the control of a range of lepidopteran pests. in australia, where helicoverpa armigera (hübner) and helicoverpa punctigera (wallengren) are major pests, the level of control is useful, but not complete, because efficacy declines as the crop matures. fluctuations in the efficacy of bt cott ... | 2005 | 16022333 |
| economic analysis of dynamic management strategies utilizing. transgenic corn for control of western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | we studied management strategies for western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, using transgenic corn, zea mays l., from both a biological and an economic perspective. in areas with and without populations adapted to a 2-yr rotation of corn and soybean (rotation-resistant), the standard management strategy was to plant 80% of a cornfield (rotated and continuous) to a transgenic cultivar each year. in each area, we also studied dynamic management strategies where the proportio ... | 2005 | 16022329 |
| effects of cotton cultivar on fitness costs associated with resistance of pink bollworm (lepidoptera: gelechiidae) to bt cotton. | fitness costs associated with insect resistance to transgenic crops producing toxins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) reduce the fitness on non-bt refuge plants of resistant individuals relative to susceptible individuals. because costs may vary among host plants, choosing refuge cultivars that increase the dominance or magnitude of costs could help to delay resistance. specifically, cultivars with high concentrations of toxic phytochemicals could magnify costs. to test this hypothesis, we compa ... | 2005 | 16022327 |
| suitability of commercially available insect traps and pheromones for monitoring dusky sap beetles (coleoptera: nitidulidae) and related insects in bt sweet corn. | two trap types and pheromone sources for the dusky sap beetle, carpophilus lugubris murray (coleoptera: nitidulidae), were compared in bacillus thuringiensis (bt) and non-bt sweet corn fields over a 3-yr period. overall, commercial traps and pheromones were equally effective as experimental traps and pheromones used previously for capturing c. lugubris and other sap beetle species. the commercial trap often caught significantly more glischrochilus quadrisignatus say than the experimental trap th ... | 2005 | 16022314 |
| association between resistance to bt cotton and cadherin genotype in pink bollworm. | two strains of pink bollworm, pectinophora gossypiella (saunders), each derived in 1997 from a different field population, were selected for resistance to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin cry1ac in the laboratory. one strain (mov97-r) originated from mohave valley in western arizona; the other strain (saf97-r) was from safford in eastern arizona. relative to a susceptible laboratory strain, cry1ac resistance ratios were 1700 for mov97-r and 520 for saf97-r. for the two resistant strains, larval ... | 2005 | 16022286 |
| residual effect of two bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis products assayed against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in laboratory and outdoors at rio de janeiro, brazil. | resistance of the dengue vector to temephos stimulated its substitution for bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) since 2001 in brazil. the persistence of the two bti formulations employed at that time by the health ministry, vectobac g and aquabac g, was assayed under laboratory and outdoor conditions. both formulations were tested at 0.2 g/10 liters of water, the same concentration applied in the field for vector control. the tests were done against ae. aegypti third instar larvae (roc ... | 2005 | 16021284 |
| association analysis between serotype, cry gene content, and toxicity to helicoverpa armigera larvae among bacillus thuringiensis isolates native to spain. | serotyping, cry gene content, and toxicity to helicoverpa armigera were determined for 178 isolates of bacillus thuringiensis native to spain. a total of 13 different cry1 and cry2 genes were detected when isolates were screened by pcr analysis. results showed that cry2 and cry1ia were the most frequent cry genes in the collection (74 and 57%, respectively); whereas cry1d, cry1aa, cry1ab, and cry1c were only moderately abundant (49, 48, 47, and 36%, respectively). the most uncommon cry genes wer ... | 2005 | 16019024 |
| genes and environment interact to determine the fitness costs of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis. | genes which provide resistance to novel challenges such as pesticides, toxins or pathogens often impose fitness costs on individuals with a resistant phenotype. studies of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis and its insecticidal cry toxins indicate that fitness costs may be variable and cryptic. using two field populations (karak and serd4) of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella, we tested the hypothesis that the costs associated with resistance to the b. thuringiensis toxin cry1ac would ... | 2005 | 16011928 |
| non-larvicidal effects of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and bacillus sphaericus on oviposition and adult mortality of culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae). | two microbial mosquito larvicides, bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis (bti) and bacillus sphaericus (bsph), have been shown to be highly effective in controlling mosquito larvae and have been used in larvicidal programs for many years. in exploring other modes of action of these agents, we studied the ovipositional response of bsph susceptible and resistant culex quinquefasciatus to aqueous suspensions of bti and bsph water dispersible granules (wdg). we quantified the level of mortality of ... | 2005 | 16007971 |
| evaluation of various control agents against mosquito larvae in rice paddies in taiwan. | a field test was conducted in rice paddies adjacent to wufeng, taichung county in central taiwan to evaluate the efficacy of control agents against mosquito larvae. the agents included bacillus thuringienesis israelensis (bti), two lagenidium giganteum products (lg product a and t), and temephos. the major mosquito species found in the rice paddies were culex tritaeniorhynchus/vishnui and anopheles sinensis. compared to controls, a 7-day treatment with bti or lg products a and t caused overall r ... | 2005 | 16007966 |
| toxicity and effects of microbial mosquito larvicides and larvicidal oil on the development and fecundity of the tadpole shrimp triops newberryi (packard) (notostraca: triopsidae). | tadpole shrimp (tps), triops newberryi (packard) (notostraca: triopsidae), is a predatory agent for immature mosquitoes breeding in aquatic habitats. this biological control agent could be used with other larvicides in mosquito control programs. in order to elucidate compatibility of the tps and commonly used mosquito larvicides, studies were initiated to investigate effects of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis (b.t.i.) de barjac, bacillus sphaericus neide and golden bear-1111 larvicidal o ... | 2005 | 16007963 |
| influence of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on oviposition of aedes albopictus (skuse). | the effect of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis (b.t.i.) on the oviposition behavior of aedes albopictus was evaluated in the field and laboratory in clemson, sc, u.s.a. in the field, water taken from containers in which mosquito larvae were reared (conditioned water) was placed in 16 containers. eight containers received 50 jld of b.t.i., and eight with water only were kept as controls. in the laboratory, field-collected females of ae. albopictus were placed in rearing chambers and provide ... | 2005 | 16007954 |
| bt toxin not guilty by association. | 2005 | 16003355 | |
| location of the bombyx mori aminopeptidase n type 1 binding site on bacillus thuringiensis cry1aa toxin. | we analyzed the binding site on cry1aa toxin for the cry1aa receptor in bombyx mori, 115-kda aminopeptidase n type 1 (bmapn1) (k. nakanishi, k. yaoi, y. nagino, h. hara, m. kitami, s. atsumi, n. miura, and r. sato, febs lett. 519:215-220, 2002), by using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that block binding between the binding site and the receptor. first, we produced a series of mabs against cry1aa and obtained two mabs, mabs 2c2 and 1b10, that were capable of blocking the binding between cry1aa and ... | 2005 | 16000811 |