Publications

evidence for signaling between the phytopathogenic fungus pythium ultimum and pseudomonas fluorescens f113: p. ultimum represses the expression of genes in p. fluorescens f113, resulting in altered ecological fitness.	there is increasing evidence that communication between members of the same species, as well as members of different species, is important for the survival of microorganisms in diverse ecological niches, such as the rhizosphere. to investigate whether the phytopathogen pythium ultimum could alter gene expression in the biocontrol strain pseudomonas fluorescens f113, which protects the roots of sugar beet from the fungus, a screening system was developed to detect differential expression of bacte ...	1997	9361412
rumen fermentation and nutrient flows for cows fed grass and grass supplemented with molassed beet pulp pellets.	an experiment was carried out to determine the effect of a grass diet and a concentrate supplement on rumen fermentation and nutrient flows to the duodenum. perennial ryegrass was cut and fed indoors to eight rumen- and duodenum-cannulated friesian cows with or without 3 kg/d of molassed beet pulp in a randomized design experiment. the dry matter intake of grass was significantly lower for cows fed the concentrate supplement (13.6 vs. 11.5 kg of dry matter/d), but total dry matter and organic ma ...	1997	9361218
fiber digestion and weight gain in guinea pigs fed diets containing different fiber sources.	the effects of different fiber sources on feed intake, weight gain and digestibility of fiber were examined in guinea-pigs fed pelleted diets containing alfalfa meal, oaten hay, beet pulp and commercial hay cubes mixed with a basal diet at ratios of 3:1 (75% in the diet), 1:1 (50%) and 1:3 (25%). the basal diet contained 50.0% corn, 4.1% wheat, 22.1% wheat flour and 17.7% corn gluten meal. food intake increased as the amount of fiber source was increased, but not in the case of beet pulp. the mo ...	1997	9353638
[investigations in central hessia on the occurrence of estrogenic activity content of cattle feed].	in 21 farms which requested consultation for reasons of infertility problems feed samples (grass silage, n = 20; cornsilage, n = 19; hay, n = 9; cereal mixture, n = 3, brewers grains, n = 5, ensiled sugar beet tops, n = 1) were drawn for assay of free (aglycon) and glycosidic (glycosid) bound oestrogen activity. following sample preparation and extraction, the oestrogenic activity was determined using a radioreceptorassay and only those samples leading to a 50% displacement of the 3h-estradiol-1 ...	1997	9324454
the n-terminal region of the luteovirus readthrough domain determines virus binding to buchnera groel and is essential for virus persistence in the aphid.	luteoviruses and the luteovirus-like pea enation mosaic virus (pemv; genus enamovirus) are transmitted by aphids in a circulative, nonreplicative manner. acquired virus particles persist for several weeks in the aphid hemolymph, in which a groel homolog, produced by the primary endosymbiont of the aphid, is abundantly present. six subgroup ii luteoviruses and pemv displayed a specific but differential affinity for escherichia coli groel and groel homologs isolated from the endosymbiotic bacteria ...	1997	9311800
kinetic analysis of ca2+/k+ selectivity of an ion channel by single-binding-site models.	current-voltage relationships of a cation channel in the tonoplast of beta vulgaris, as recorded in solutions with different activities of ca2+ and k+ (from johannes & sanders 1995, j. membrane biol. 146:211-224), have been reevaluated for ca2+/k+ selectivity. since conversion of reversal voltages to permeability ratios by constant field equations is expected to fail because different ions do not move independently through a channel, the data have been analyzed with kinetic channel models instea ...	1997	9307443
resistance to both cyst and root-knot nematodes conferred by transgenic arabidopsis expressing a modified plant cystatin.	plant nematodes are major pests of agriculture. transgenic plant technology has been developed based on the use of proteinase inhibitors as nematode anti-feedants. the approach offers prospects for novel plant resistance and reduced use of environmentally damaging nematicides. a modified rice cystatin, oc-i delta d86, expressed as a transgene in arabidopsis thaliana, has a profound effect on the size and fecundity of females for both heterodera schachtii (beet-cyst nematode) and meloidogyne inco ...	1997	9301094
cell wall analysis in aspergillus niger strains characterized by different tolerance to toxic compounds of beet molasses.	aspergillus niger strains, sensitive or resistant to toxic compounds of beet molasses, were the object of the present studies. between the studied strains differences existed in the cell wall dry mass and wall components content, chitin synthesis, activity of enzymes involved in cell wall synthesis, and in the wall ultrastructure. higher content of proteins and lipids but lower of glucan and chitin; less or lack of fibrillar components, thinner cell wall as well as lower level of glucanase and c ...	1997	9271845
the genome-linked protein of potato leafroll virus is located downstream of the putative protease domain of the orf1 product.	the sequence of the 32 n-terminal amino acids of the protein (vpg) which is covalently linked to the rna of potato leafroll virus has been determined. the obtained vpg sequence mapped to position 400 to 431 of the plrv orf1 product, downstream of the putative protease domain and in front of the rna-dependent rna polymerase. comparison with other viral sequences revealed significant similarities with the orf1 products of beet western yellows virus, cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus, and beet mil ...	1997	9268161
suppression of potyvirus infection by coexpressed closterovirus protein.	a tobacco etch virus (tev)-based expression vector has been used for insertion of several orfs derived from the unrelated beet yellows virus (byv). hybrid tev variants expressing the byv capsid protein, 20-kda protein, or hsp70 homolog systemically infected nicotiana tabacum and stably retained byv sequences. in contrast, insertion of the orf encoding byv leader proteinase (l-pro) resulted in severely impaired systemic transport and accumulation of recombinant tev. progeny of this virus underwen ...	1997	9268155
detection and characterization of a distinct type of beet necrotic yellow vein virus rna 5 in a sugarbeet growing area in europe.	a fifth beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) rna species has been detected in europe in sugarbeet infected with p-type bnyvv. very little sequence variation was found between two european sources of this rna 5*, but considerable differences were detected between these two european sources on the one hand and the four japanese sources recently analysed by kiguchi et al. on the other. the bnyvv rna 5-encoded 26 k proteins share a stretch of six amino acids (frgpgn) with the bnyvv rna 3-encoded ...	1997	9267459
in vivo recombination between two strains of the genus nucleopolyhedrovirus in its natural host, spodoptera exigua.	the dna restriction map for the enzymes bamhi, bglii, psti, and xbai of semnpv-us (se-us), the best-studied nucleopolyhedrovirus strain isolated from spodoptera exigua in california, was used as a reference to construct that of semnpv-sp2 (se-sp2), a closely related spanish strain of the same virus. after coinfection of s. exigua with both the se-us and se-sp2 strains per os, a recombinant virus (semnpv-sur1 [se-sur1]) was detected after one passage which quickly replaced the parental viruses. a ...	1997	9251191
detection of alien chromatin conferring resistance to the beet cyst nematode (heterodera schachtii schm.) in cultivated beet (beta vulgaris l.) using in situ hybridization.	chromatin originating from wild beets of the genus beta, section procumbentes, has been investigated in nematode-resistant hybrid-derived lines of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) by in situ hybridization using satellite, telomeric and ribosomal dna repeats, a yeast artificial chromosome (yac) and total genomic dna as probes. the allen chromosome was detected in three monosomic addition lines (2n = 18 + 1) by genomic in situ hybridization. fluorescence in situ hybridization with a genome-specific s ...	1997	9246412
changes in the level and activation state of the plasma membrane h(+)-atpase during aging of red beet slices.	the effect of aging on the plasma membrane (pm) h(+)-atpase of red beet (beta vulgaris l.) parenchyma discs was analyzed in pm purified by aqueous two-phase partitioning. aging increased both the activity in the amount of immunodetectable h(+)-atpase in the pm. the activity assayed at slightly alkaline ph values increased earlier and more strongly than that assayed at acidic ph values, so that the ph curve of the enzyme from aged beet discs was shifted toward more alkaline values. aging decrease ...	1997	9232872
a nitrogen-free hypocaloric diet and recombinant human growth hormone stimulate postoperative protein synthesis: fasted and fed leucine kinetics in the surgical patient.	twelve otherwise healthy patients undergoing elective surgery for resection of rectosigmoid adenocarcinoma were randomly allocated to two groups: one group receiving intravenous dextrose 5% 600 to 800 kcal.d-1 (dx, n = 6) and the other group receiving the same amount of dextrose intravenously plus recombinant human growth hormone (dx + rgh, n = 6). supplementation with rgh started on the day of surgery and continued postoperatively for 5 days. no nitrogen was provided in the diet. this regimen w ...	1997	9225834
identification of a bacterial pectin acetyl esterase in erwinia chrysanthemi 3937.	erwinia chrysanthemi causes soft-rot diseases of various plants by enzymatic degradation of the pectin in plant cell walls. the structural complexity of pectin requires the combined action of several pectinases for its efficient breakdown. three types of pectinases have so far been identified in e. chrysanthemi: two pectin methyl esterases (pema, pemb), a polygalacturonase (pehx), and eight pectate lyases (pela, pelb, pelc, peld, pele, pell, pelz, pelx). we report in this paper the analysis of a ...	1997	9218776
single-chain fv fusion proteins suitable as coating and detecting reagents in a double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	a recombinant enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) system, entirely based on antibody fragments, is described here as an attractive alternative to assays using polyclonal antisera or monoclonal antibodies. two expression vectors have been developed for cloning and production of single-chain fv (scfv) fusion proteins suitable as coating and detecting reagents, respectively, in a highly sensitive double antibody sandwich elisa. the coating reagent is produced from the vector pzip1, as a bival ...	1997	9212874
genetic characterization of populations of a de novo arisen sugar beet pest, aubeonymus mariaefranciscae (coleoptera, curculionidae), by rapd analysis.	the weevil aubeonymus mariaefranciscae is an important pest of sugar beet crops in southern spain that was first described as a new species in 1979. we have studied the genetic variability of this insect by rapd analysis of 122 individuals using eight primers. the high resolution provided by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapds), in combination with efficient genetic distance estimators, allowed a very detailed description of the ecology and evolution of the populations of this insect in the ...	1997	9211731
accumulation and distribution of free folic acid content in red beet (beta vulgaris l.).	among vegetable plants, red beet contains a relatively high level of the b vitamin folic acid. although many leafy green vegetables contain high levels of folic acid, red beet is consumed primarily as a root vegetable. folic acid levels have been quantified in various vegetable plants, but little information exists regarding the accumulation and distribution of this vitamin in plant tissues. the objective of this study was to characterize free folic acid content (ffac) in shoot and root tissue d ...	1997	9198109
a novel subviral agent associated with a geminivirus: the first report of a dna satellite.	numerous plant rna viruses have associated with them satellite (sat) rnas that have little or no nucleotide sequence similarity to either the viral or host genomes but are completely dependent on the helper virus for replication. we report here on the discovery of a 682-nt circular dna satellite associated with tomato leaf curl geminivirus (tlcv) infection in northern australia. this is the first demonstration that satellite molecules are not limited to rna viral systems. the dna satellite (tlcv ...	1997	9192696
effect of soluble or partly soluble dietary fibres supplementation on absorption and balance of calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc in healthy young men.	this study is aimed at investigating the effect of feeding a soluble or partly soluble fibre rich-diet on the apparent absorption and balance of calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc in healthy young men, by using a chemical balance technique.	1997	9192195
evidence for in vitro and in vivo autocatalytic processing of the primary translation product of beet necrotic yellow vein virus rna 1 by a papain-like proteinase.	beet necrotic yellow vein virus rna 1 contains a single long orf corresponding to the theoretical translation product of 237 kda which contains the information necessary for replication of the viral genome. this orf contains a putative papain-like proteinase domain which has been localized, on the basis of sequence alignments, between the helicase and polymerase domains. here we show that the rna 1 primary translation product can be cleaved autocatalytically in vitro into two species of 150 kda ...	1997	9191870
cloning and sequencing of a cdna encoding alpha-glucosidase from sugar beet.	a cdna encoding sugar beet alpha-glucosidase was cloned from a library constructed from mrna of suspension-cultured cells. the cdna, 3056 bp in length, had an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 913 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 102,078 da, included only one of four regions which were conserved in the alpha-amylase family of enzymes. the deduced amino acid sequence from the analysis of the cdna contained the sequences of the proteolysis peptides and the active site region ...	1997	9178565
influence of particle size on the effectiveness of beet pulp fiber.	sixteen holstein cows in midlactation were used in a design based on a replicated 4 x 4 latin square with the last period removed to determine the influence of particle size of beet pulp neutral detergent fiber (ndf) on its effectiveness as a replacement for alfalfa ndf. diets were a low forage, low fiber diet [12.1 g of alfalfa ndf/100 g of dry matter (dm)], a normal forage diet (low forage plus 7.8 g of additional alfalfa ndf/100 g of dm), and two low forage diets with 5.3 g of ndf/100 g of dm ...	1997	9178130
the impact of diets varying in carbohydrates resistant to endogenous enzymes and lignin on populations of ascaris suum and oesophagostomum dentatum in pigs.	the impact of diets varying in type and level of carbohydrates resistant to endogenous enzymes and lignin on the establishment and location of ascaris suum and oesophagostomum dentatum was investigated experimentally. fifty worm-free pigs, from a specific pathogen-free farm were used. the animals were assigned randomly to 5 diets and infected with 600 infective a. suum eggs and 6000 infective larvae of o. dentatum per pig. the diets consisted of a traditional ground barley plus protein feed (die ...	1997	9172427
eukaryotic release factor 1 (erf1) abolishes readthrough and competes with suppressor trnas at all three termination codons in messenger rna.	it is known from experiments with bacteria and eukaryotic viruses that readthrough of termination codons located within the open reading frame (orf) of mrnas depends on the availability of suppressor trna(s) and the efficiency of termination in cells. consequently, the yield of readthrough products can be used as a measure of the activity of polypeptide chain release factor(s) (rf), key components of the translation termination machinery. readthrough of the uag codon located at the end of the or ...	1997	9171074
the satellite rna of barley yellow dwarf virus-rpv is supported by beet western yellows virus in dicotyledonous protoplasts and plants.	the subgroup ii luteovirus barley yellow dwarf virus-rpv (bydv-rpv) acts as a helper virus for a satellite rna (satrpv rna). the subgroup ii luteovirus beet western yellows virus (bwyv) and the st9-associated rna (st9a rna), a bwyv-associated rna that encodes a polymerase similar to those of subgroup i luteoviruses, were assayed for their ability to support replication of satrpv rna. satrpv rna was replicated in tobacco protoplasts in the presence of bwyv rna or a mixture of bwyv plus the st9a r ...	1997	9168880
growth conditions of aspergillus sp. athum-3482 for polygalacturonase production.	a wild type of aspergillus sp. athum-3482 produced extracellular polygalacturonase when grown in liquid medium containing citrus pectin as sole carbon source. a number of factors affecting enzyme activity were investigated. polygalacturonase activities as high as 4.3 u ml-1 (reducing-group-releasing activity) and 17 u ml-1 (viscosity-diminishing activity) were obtained under optimum growth conditions. with sugar-beet as sole carbon source the respective activities were 6.5 u ml-1 and 40 u ml-1, ...	1997	9163956
urinary excretion of 3-methyladenine after consumption of fish containing high levels of dimethylamine.	the urinary excretion of the dna alkylation product, 3-methyladenine (3-meade), was measured in human volunteers who were on controlled diets and consumed fresh fish, or frozen-stored fish that contained 50-fold higher levels of dimethylamine (dma), with or without ingested nitrate. dma potentially could react with nitrosating agents in the diet or within the body, and produce the potent carcinogen n-nitrosodimethylamine (ndma), which can then react with dna to form several adducts including 3-m ...	1997	9163693
arabinanase a from pseudomonas fluorescens subsp. cellulosa exhibits both an endo- and an exo- mode of action.	pseudomonas fluorescens subsp. cellulosa expressed arabinanase activity when grown on media supplemented with arabinan or arabinose. arabinanase activity was not induced by the inclusion of other plant structural polysaccharides, and was repressed by the addition of glucose. the majority of the pseudomonas arabinanase activity was extracellular. screening of a genomic library of p. fluorescens subsp. cellulosa dna constructed in lambda zapii, for recombinants that hydrolysed red-dyed arabinan, i ...	1997	9163351
potential nitrosamine formation and its prevention during biological denitrification of red beet juice.	high nitrate intake has been shown to result in an increased risk of endogenous formation of n-nitroso compounds. certain vegetables and vegetable juices contain high concentrations of nitrate. biological denitrification using strains of paracoccus denitrificans (p.d.) has been proposed as effective means to reduce nitrate contents in such vegetable juices. during this bacterial denitrification process, substantial nitrite concentrations are transiently formed. this study investigated whether n- ...	1997	9146735
effects of mutations in the beet western yellows virus readthrough protein on its expression and packaging and on virus accumulation, symptoms, and aphid transmission.	virions of beet western yellows luteovirus contain a major capsid protein (p22.5) and a minor readthrough protein (p74), produced by translational readthrough of the major capsid protein sequence into the neighboring open reading frame, which encodes the readthrough domain (rtd). the rtd contains determinants required for efficient virus accumulation in agroinfected plants and for aphid transmission. the c-terminal halves of the rtd are not well conserved among luteoviruses but the n-terminal ha ...	1997	9143288
production of gibberellic acid by aspergillus niger using some food industry wastes.	the production of gibberellic acid by aspergillus niger and the possibility of utilizing food industry waste and residues as the sources of carbon in media were investigated. media prepared from molasses, vinasse, whey, sugar-beet waste and fruit pomace were used and ga3 yields were found in concentrations 310, 273.14, 120, 73, 118.13 mg/l in such media, respectively. it was observed that food industry wastes can be used as cheap sources of carbon for gibberellic acid production by aspergillus n ...	1996	9127484
effect of autoclaving on dietary fibre content of beet root (beta vulgaris). evaluation by different methods.	modifications of dietary fibre in beet root during autoclaving have been evaluated by different methods: acid detergent (raw = 1.45%; processed = 1.17%) and neutral detergent (raw = 2.30%; processed = 2.00%), the enzymatic-gravimetric method of asp (raw = 3.35%; processed = 3.34%), hplc (raw = 1.42%; processed = 1.60%) and 3,5-dimethylphenol (raw = 0.36; processed = 0.28%). the correlation between different methodologies was studied. autoclaving was carried out at 121 degrees c under pressure fo ...	1996	9123972
a new arabinofuranohydrolase from bifidobacterium adolescentis able to remove arabinosyl residues from double-substituted xylose units in arabinoxylan.	an arabinofuranohydrolase (axh-d3) was purified from a cell-free extract of bifidobacterium adolescentis dsm 20083. the enzyme had a molecular mass of approximately 100 kda as determined by gel filtration. it displayed maximum activity at ph 6 and 30 degrees c. using an arabinoxylan-derived oligosaccharide containing double-substituted xylopyranosyl residues established that the enzyme specifically released terminal arabinofuranosyl residues linked to c-3 of double-substituted xylopyranosyl resi ...	1997	9114514
description of a novel plasmid replicative origin from a genetically distinct family of conjugative plasmids associated with phytosphere microflora.	a novel replicative origin (oriv) from a conjugative, mercury resistance plasmid (pqbr11, 304 kbp) has been cloned and sequenced. homology to the pqbr11 oriv-containing 3.55 kbp bamhi fragment (pcv1200) was restricted to one of five genetically distinct classes (group i) of narrow host range, mega-plasmids that persist as a genetic component of the pseudomonad community indigenous to the microflora of sugar beet. the oriv of pqbr11 was located within a unique sequence of 300 bp which initiated t ...	1997	9103984
the effect of replacing dietary beet pulp with wheat treated with sodium hydroxide, ground wheat, or ground corn in lactating cows.	this experiment examined the effect of complete diets composed of 60% grass silage and 40% concentrate based mainly on beet pulp, ground wheat, wheat treated with naoh, or ground corn on milk production and ruminal fermentation of dairy cows. milk production and fat yield were 19.8, 20.7, 20.1, and 21.2 kg/d and 0.71, 0.76, 0.72, and 0.78 kg/d, respectively (18 cows per treatment). cows fed the diet based on ground corn had higher milk production and fat yield, but lower milk protein concentrati ...	1997	9098804
plant cell ph-static circuit mediated by fusicoccin-binding proteins.	on sugar beet protoplasts that carry two types of fusicoccin-binding sites, a ph downshift in a physiological range (7.0-6.6) markedly enhanced the efficiency of fusicoccin (fc) binding, mainly owing to increased avidity of low-affinity fc-binding sites. this may allow the fc-binding proteins to act as ph-sensitive modulators of cell activity, for instance, via plasma membrane h+-atpase or potassium channels.	1997	9089279
influence of dietary factors on nitrogen partitioning and composition of urine and feces of fattening pigs.	an experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary factors on the partitioning of nitrogen excretion and on the ph and composition of urine and feces of fattening pigs. sixteen male hybrid pigs of 80 to 90 kg bw were allotted to one of four diets: based on grains, by-products, grains plus tapioca, or grains plus sugar beet pulp. diets were formulated to have similar contents of ne and cp and a similar lysine:ne ratio. diets differed in nonstarch polysaccharide content (nsp) and ...	1997	9078486
[feed intake and performance of dairy cows during feeding of fodder beets supplementing grass silage].	in a feeding experiment 3 x 12 dairy cows (german simmental x red holstein friesian) were used to investigate the influence of different amounts of fodder beets on feed intake, milk yield and milk composition. the fodder beets (variety kyros) were fed in exchange for concentrate. the amounts of fodder beets were either 22 kg cow-1 d-1 or 44 kg cow-1 d-1 or zero (control group). all groups received 4 kg hay cow-1 d-1, grass silage ad libitum, and concentrate corresponding to the milk yield. in or ...	1996	9065309
a family of differentially amplified repetitive dna sequences in the genus beta reveals genetic variation in beta vulgaris subspecies and cultivars.	members of a highly abundant restriction satellite family have been isolated from the wild beet species beta nana. the satellite dna sequence is characterized by a conserved rsai restriction site and is present in three of four sections of the genus beta, namely nanae, corollinae, and beta. it was not detected in species of the evolutionary old section procumbentes, suggesting its amplification after separation of this section. sequences of eight monomers were aligned revealing a size variation ...	1997	9060397
[a new metabolite with fungistatic and bacteriostatic activity, produced by strain l-30 of flavobacterium sp].	flavocin, an agent with fungistatic and bacteriostatic activities, was isolated from the culture of flavobacterium sp. l-30. the data on the physico-chemical and biological properties of flavocin a, the major active component, are presented. the component was identified with metabolites of the genus flavobacterium and other genera of nonsporulating bacteria. flavocin was highly efficient in the treatment of various farm crops. the antagonistic effect of flavocin was observed under field conditio ...	1996	9054320
the beet yellows closterovirus p65 homologue of hsp70 chaperones has atpase activity associated with its conserved n-terminal domain but does not interact with unfolded protein chains.	the positive-strand rna genome of beet yellows closterovirus (byv) encodes a 65 kda protein (p65) related to the hsp70 family of cell chaperones. the full-sized byv p65, and n- and c-terminal fragments, with (his)6 tails, were overexpressed in bacteria and purified by metal-chelate chromatography. using a polyclonal antiserum raised against the c-terminal fragment of p65, evidence was obtained for expression of the viral protein in planta. purified recombinant p65 and its n-terminal 40 kda fragm ...	1997	9049401
[the mutagenic action of radioactive contaminants of feed and food products on strains ta98 and ta100 of salmonella typhimurium].	radionuclide-polluted slices of beef (2775 bq/kg), pork (274.8 bq/kg), potato (159.0-444.0 bq/kg), carrot, garden beet, kidney bean and sorrel (44.5-460.0 bq/kg) have been studied for their mutagenic effect on the tester strains ta98 and ta100 of salmonella typhimurium and this index as a rule correlates with the level of the slices pollution. on the other hand the slices of cabbage and samples of rye and wheat (46.0-460.0 bq/kg) as well as fish (2314.0 bq/kg) had no mutagenic effect on these st ...	1996	9044702
comparative analysis of the chromosomal and genomic organization of ty1-copia-like retrotransposons in pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms.	we have investigated the physical distribution of the reverse transcriptase genes of ty1-copia-like retrotransposable elements from 12 plant species belonging to different subdivisions by hybridization in situ on chromosome preparations. ty1-copia-like elements showed different and non-random hybridization patterns. a dispersed distribution throughout most of the chromosomes with reduced hybridization at some regions or with some weak clustering at other regions was found in allium cepa, beta vu ...	1997	9037155
imidacloprid insecticide soil metabolism in sugar beet field crops.		1996	9026154
beet soil-borne virus rna 2: similarities and dissimilarities to the coat protein gene-carrying rnas of other furoviruses.	the complete sequence of the 3454 nt of rna 2 of the ahlum isolate of beet soil-borne furovirus (bsbv) has been determined starting with two short stretches of cloned cdna. unknown parts of the sequence were amplified by means of rt-pcr techniques using combinations of specific and random primers. bsbv rna 2 is more similar in its genetic organization to potato mop top virus (pmtv) rna 3 than to any other furoviral rna, although it is more than 1100 nt longer. its 3'-end, unlike that of pmtv rna ...	1997	9018071
positional cloning of a gene for nematode resistance in sugar beet.	the hs1(pro-1) locus confers resistance to the beet cyst nematode (heterodera schachtii schmidt), a major pest in the cultivation of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.). the hs1(pro-1) gene was cloned with the use of genome-specific satellite markers and chromosomal break-point analysis. expression of the corresponding complementary dna in a susceptible sugar beet conferred resistance to infection with the beet cyst nematode. the native hs1(pro-1) gene, expressed in roots, encodes a 282-amino acid pro ...	1997	9012350
isotope ratio mass spectrometric method for the on-line determination of oxygen-18 in organic matter.	a method for the on-line determination of oxygen-18, at a naturally occurring level, in organic material is presented. after pyrolysis of the samples to form carbon monoxide, which is performed at 1300 degrees c in a vitreous carbon tube, the pyrolysis products are transported by a stream of helium gas. using an open split, a small part of the effluent is transferred to the ion source of an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. the ratio is obtained from a measurement of the ion current intensities a ...	1997	9008872
characterization of a new antifungal chitin-binding peptide from sugar beet leaves.	the intercellular washing fluid (iwf) from leaves of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) contains a number of proteins exhibiting in vitro antifungal activity against the devastating leaf pathogen cercospora beticola (sacc.). among these, a potent antifungal peptide, designated iwf4, was identified. the 30-amino-acid residue sequence of iwf4 is rich in cysteines (6) and glycines (7) and has a highly basic isoelectric point. iwf4 shows homology to the chitin-binding (hevein) domain of chitin-binding pr ...	1997	9008390
spodoptera exigua multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus deletion mutants generated in cell culture lack virulence in vivo.	the baculovirus spodoptera exigua multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (semnpv) has high potential for development as a bio-insecticide for control of the beet armyworm (s. exigua). it is highly infectious for s. exigua larvae and its host range is very narrow. a prerequisite for such application is the possibility of growing this virus in large quantities, e.g. in insect cell lines. it was observed, however, that polyhedra of semnpv plaque-purified in se-ucr1 cells did not cause larval mortality or ...	1996	9000107
comparison of the influence of dietary fibre sources with different proportions of soluble and insoluble fibre on ca, mg, fe, zn, mn and cu apparent absorption in rats.	the 6 week experiment was performed on growing wistar male rats. in the third and the sixth weeks digestibility trials were performed. the following high fibre preparations were supplemented to the control diet (c): high methoxylated citrus pectin (cr); apple pomace (a), potato fiber "povex" (p) and sugar beet pulp (b). fibre supplementation, except cr, significantly increased ca, mg, fe, mn, zn, cu excretion in faeces and decreased their apparent absorption in both trials. significant correlati ...	1996	8988315
a synthetic cryic gene, encoding a bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin, confers spodoptera resistance in alfalfa and tobacco.	spodoptera species, representing widespread polyphagous insect pests, are resistant to bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins used thus far as insecticides in transgenic plants. here we describe the chemical synthesis of a cryic gene by a novel template directed ligation-pcr method. this simple and economical method to construct large synthetic genes can be used when routine resynthesis of genes is required. chemically phosphorylated adjacent oligonucleotides of the gene to be synthesized are a ...	1996	8986755
expression of single-chain antibody fragments (scfv) specific for beet necrotic yellow vein virus coat protein or 25 kda protein in escherichia coli and nicotiana benthamiana.	the coding sequences for the variable regions of heavy and light chains of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) coat protein (cp) or the 25 kda nonstructural protein (p25) were cloned into the pcock vector and expressed as single-chain antibody fragments (scfv) in escherichia coli. for expression in higher plants the scfv were targeted either to the secretory pathway by including the sequences encoding the pectate lyase b (pelb) or the phytohemagglutinin (pha) ...	1996	8980548
salt stress induces an increased expression of v-type h(+)-atpase in mature sugar beet leaves.	in the halotolerant sugar beet co-expression of v-atpase and a vacuolar na+/h(+)-antiporter provides a mechanism for vacuolar salt sequestration. to analyze salt-induced changes in the expression of the vacuolar h(+)-atpase (v-atpase) a partial cdna of the proton-channel forming subunit c was cloned by rt-pcr. southern blot analysis indicated a small gene family. in control plants transcript levels were high in roots and young growing leaves but low in fully expanded leaves. in mature leaves sal ...	1996	8980504
structure and expression of mitochondrial citrate synthases from higher plants.	mitochondrial citrate synthase (ec 4.1.3.7) represents the first enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, catalyzing the condensation of acetyl-coa and oxaloacetate, finally yielding citrate and coa. we report here the isolation of cdna clones encoding citrate synthase from nicotiana tabacum, beta vulgaris and populus. nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were compared with previously published sequences of mitochondrial citrate synthases from arabidopsis thaliana and potato, as well as wi ...	1996	8979399
a novel chloride channel in vicia faba guard cell vacuoles activated by the serine/threonine kinase, cdpk.	calcium-dependent protein kinases (cdpks) in higher plants contain a c-terminal calmodulin-like regulatory domain. little is known regarding physiological cdpk targets. both kinase activity and multiple ca2+-dependent signaling pathways have been implicated in the control of stomatal guard cell movements. to determine whether cdpk or other protein kinases could have a role in guard cell signaling, purified and recombinant kinases were applied to vicia faba guard cell vacuoles during patch-clamp ...	1996	8978683
complete nucleotide sequence of the japanese isolate s of beet necrotic yellow vein virus rna and comparison with european isolates.	the complete nucleotide sequences of beet necrotic yellow vein virus rna-1 to rna-4 of the japanese isolate s (bnyvv-s) were determined and compared with those of french isolate (bnyvv-f2). the nucleotide sequences of the two isolates were very similar, differing by only 1.7% (rna-1), 4.1% (rna-2), 2.9% (rna-3) and 3.6% (rna-4), respectively. the differences of the amino acid sequences of the two isolates depended upon the open reading frames (orf) as follows: p237, 1.4%; p22 (coat protein), 2.1 ...	1996	8973531
beet pseudo-yellows virus is an authentic closterovirus.	we have previously used rt-pcr to amplify a 251 base pair fragment diagnostic for beet pseudo-yellows virus (bpyv) infection from several bpyv infected samples from europe and the usa. this has now been shown by sequencing to represent a fragment of a heat shock protein (hsp)70 gene. sequence analysis of the fragment revealed that it is closely similar to the c-terminal sequence of the hsp70 homologue gene of lettuce infectious yellows virus, a definitive closterovirus, and also has obvious sequ ...	1996	8972572
the strain-specific cis-acting element of beet curly top geminivirus dna replication maps to the directly repeated motif of the ori.	strains of beet curly top geminivirus (bctv) possess distinct cis- and trans-acting replication specificity elements which are not separately interchangeable among strains. analysis of the replication competency of chimeric bctv genomes, in which portions of the origin of dna replication (ori) were derived from heterologous bctv strains, have permitted identification of an essential cis-acting element governing strain-specific replication in a subgroup ii geminivirus. our studies indicate that t ...	1996	8941329
nutritional implications of pectins in chicks in relation to esterification and origin of pectins.	an experiment was conducted to examine the effect of feeding high-methylated (hm) and low-methylated (lm) pectin on performance and physiological characteristics in broiler chicks. two levels each (1.5 and 3%) of hm citrus pectin (hmc), lm citrus pectin (lmc), or hm sugar beet pectin (hms) were added to a semi-purified basal diet. the experiment was conducted in battery brooders, and chicks received the diets as pellets from 6 to 27 d of age. the inclusion of lmc or hms in the diet had little or ...	1996	8893300
immunodetection of beet necrotic yellow vein virus rna3-encoded protein in different host plants and tissues.	the protein p25 open reading frame (orf) of beet necrotic yellow vein virus-bnyvv rna3 was cloned into bacterial expression vector downstream of the 5-'terminus part of beta-galactosidase orf and the expressed p25 fusion protein was used to produce an antiserum. the latter was employed to detect the subcellular location of p25 in mechanically inoculated tetragonia expansa, chenopodium quinoa and sugarbeet leaves by western blot assay. the results showed that p25 was present as a soluble protein ...	1996	8886114
highly sensitive immunoassays for detection of barley stripe mosaic virus and beet necrotic yellow vein virus.	enzyme immunoassays based on the use of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were developed for the detection of the barley stripe mosaic virus (bsmv) and the beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv). assays employing conjugates of mabs to horseradish peroxidase (hrp) were compared to systems with biotinylated mabs and streptavidin conjugated either to monomeric hrp or to hrp homopolymers with different polymerisation degrees including those of 20, 40 and 80. in the elisa with streptavidin-polymeric hrp ...	1996	8882650
ionic channels of the sugar beet tonoplast are regulated by a multi-ion single-file permeation mechanism.	ionic channels of the sugar beet tonoplast were studied using the patch-clamp technique. at micromolar concentrations of cytosolic calcium, several (at least four) distinct single-channel current levels were routinely identified. on the basis of channel voltage dependence, kinetic properties and conductance of single openings, the largest channel (103 +/- 2 ps in symmetric 150 mm kcl) corresponds to the slow vacuolar (sv) channel already identified by hedrich and neher (1987). the majority of th ...	1996	8881028
energy metabolism in relation to physical activity in growing pigs as affected by type of dietary carbohydrate.	the effect of dietary carbohydrate source on physical activity in relation to metabolic rate in pigs was studied. six groups of 12 pigs (50-kg, castrated males) were fed one of two diets: a starch diet or a non-starch polysaccharide (nsp) diet. both diets had a similar calculated net energy content. the starch diet contained 13% tapioca, and the nsp diet contained 17% sugar beet pulp silage. pigs were housed in groups and fed at approximately two times maintenance (approximately 900 kj me.kg-.75 ...	1996	8880425
improved delivery of biocontrol pseudomonas and their antifungal metabolites using alginate polymers.	alginate polymer was evaluated as a carrier for seed inoculation with a genetically modified strain pseudomonas fluorescens f113laczy, which protects sugar-beet against pythium-mediated damping-off. f113laczy survived in alginate beads at 5 log10 cfu/bead or higher counts for 8 weeks of storage, regardless of the conditions of incubation. in plant inoculation experiments, colonisation of the growing area of the root by f113laczy, derived from alginate beads placed in the soil next to the seed or ...	1996	8867631
genome analysis of the 3'-terminal part of the little cherry disease associated dsrna reveals a monopartite clostero-like virus.	the high molecular weight dsrna associated with little cherry disease (lcd) was extracted from infected plant tissue and cloned as cdna. the sequence of the 3' 8337 nucleotides was determined. computer assisted translation of the sequence portion identified six open reading frames potentially encoding proteins (from 5' to 3') with molecular masses of 70 kda, 61 kda, 46 kda, 76 kda, 21 kda and 27 kda respectively. a 3'-terminal non-translated region of 210 nucleotides was present. the 70 kda prot ...	1996	8856025
genetic mapping of genes for twelve nuclear-encoded polypeptides associated with the thylakoid membranes in beta vulgaris l.	thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts are composed of approx. 75 polypeptide species. nearly 60% originate in nuclear genes, the remainder in plastid genes. in order to localize representatives of the nuclear-encoded gene complement in a eukaryotic plant genome (sugar beet, beta vulgaris l.), we have investigated the rflp patterns of 21 cdnas from spinach that code for thylakoid proteins or proteins peripherally associated with thylakoid membranes. differences in gene dosage were noted between bot ...	1996	8849689
pharmacology of ca2+ release from red beet microsomes suggests the presence of ryanodine receptor homologs in higher plants.	cyclic adp-ribose (cadpr) is known to release ca2+ from plant vacuoles, implying that this nad+ metabolite may possess a second messenger role in plants. the degree to which the plant cadpr-gated ca2+ release mechanism resembles cadpr action in animals has been evaluated. cadpr-elicited ca2+ release from red beet microsomes was inhibited by 1 mm procaine but insensitive to heparin. furthermore, pre-release of ca2+ from red beet vesicles by either 5 mm caffeine or micromolar levels of ryanodine p ...	1996	8849685
clastogenic activity of pure chlorophyll and anticlastogenic effects of equivalent amounts of crude extract of indian spinach leaf and chlorophyllin following dietary supplementation to mice.	dietary consumption of green vegetables has been associated with protection against mutagenic and clastogenic activity of genotoxicants. chlorophyll, being present in all green plants, had earlier been suggested to be the principal factor involved. mice were administered (i) crude aqueous extract of leaf of indian spinach, beta vulgaris l. var.benghalensis hort., and equivalent amounts of (ii) chlorophyll extracted from the leaf; (iii) purified chlorophyll, (iv) chlorophyllin, a sodium-copper de ...	1996	8844993
is1327, a new insertion-like element in the pathogenicity-associated plasmid of erwinia herbicola pv. gypsophilae.	the pathogenicity-associated plasmid (ppath) of erwinia herbicola pv. gypsophilae was previously shown to be exclusively present in pathogenic strains and to contain a gene cluster encoding phytohormone biosynthesis. sequence analysis of the dna region located downstream from the cytokinin biosynthetic gene (etz) revealed homology to insertion sequences (is) of the is6 family. southern blot analysis performed on plasmid dna of e. herbicola pv. gypsophilae revealed the presence of six copies of t ...	1996	8820751
nutrient digestion by ileal cannulated dogs as affected by dietary fibers with various fermentation characteristics.	we studied the effects of dietary fibers with various fermentation characteristics on nutrient digestion at the distal ileum and in the total tract of dogs. the following high-protein (34%), high-fat (23%) diets were fed: 1) a control treatment (con) with 0% supplemental fiber; 2) beet pulp (bp), 7.5%; 3) low-cellulose mixture (lcm), 2.5% cellulose + 5.0% pectin; 4) high-cellulose mixture (hcm), 5.0% cellulose + 2.5% pectin; or 5) solka floc (sf), 7.5% cellulose. nutrient intakes by fiber-supple ...	1996	8818810
medicinal foodstuff. iii. sugar beet. (1): hypoglycemic oleanolic acid oligoglycosides, betavulgarosides i, ii, iii, and iv, from the root of beta vulgaris l. (chenopodiaceae).	betavulgarosides i, ii, iii, and iv, oleanolic acid oligoglycosides having an unique acidic substituent, were isolated from the root of beta vulgaris l. (sugar beet) together with betavulgarosides vi, vii, and viii. the chemical structures of betavulgarosides i, ii, iii, iv were identified from chemical and physicochemical evidence. betavulgarosides ii, iii, and iv were found to exhibit hypoglycemic activity in an oral glucose tolerance test in rats.	1996	8814952
purification and characterization of a 43-kda rotenone-insensitive nadh dehydrogenase from plant mitochondria.	a 43-kda nad(p)h dehydrogenase was purified from red beetroot mitochondria. an antibody against this dehydrogenase was used in conjunction with the membrane-impermeable protein cross-linker 3,3'-dithiobis(sulfosuccinimidylpropionate) to localize the dehydrogenase on the matrix side of the inner membrane. immunoblotting showed that the dehydrogenase was found in mitochondria isolated from several plant species but not from rat livers. antibodies against the purified dehydrogenase partially inhibi ...	1996	8798503
behavior of horses is affected by soy lecithin and corn oil in the diet.	to test the hypothesis that dietary fats may improve tractability of horses, the effects of four total mixed diets on behavior were compared. the control diet (con) contained chopped hay, corn, oats, beet pulp, molasses and a mineral mix; the three test diets contained an additional 10% (by weight) corn oil (co), soy lecithin-corn oil (sl-co), or soy lecithin-soy oil (sl-so). eight horses were fed each diet in random order for four 3-wk periods. behavior was observed during the last week of each ...	1996	8791196
the effects of physical form of feed, carbohydrate source, and inclusion of sodium bicarbonate on the diet selections of sheep.	we proposed an hypothesis that ruminants attempt to select a diet that promotes high levels of feed intake by maintaining optimal ruminal conditions. three tests of the hypothesis considered whether the diet selection of sheep given either a choice of two high energy density (ed) feeds or a choice between a high and a low ed feed is affected by 1) sodium bicarbonate inclusion (nahco3; 1, 2, and 4% [wt/wt]) in the high [ed] feed); 2) dietary carbohydrate source (barley-based, b and sugar beet/ ba ...	1996	8791195
characterization of chitinases able to rescue somatic embryos of the temperature-sensitive carrot variant ts 11.	to characterize the acidic endochitinase ep3, able to rescue somatic embryos of the carrot cell line ts11, the enzyme was purified from the medium of wild-type suspension cultures. peptide sequences, deduced amino acid sequences of corresponding pcr-generated cdna clones, serological relation and biochemical properties showed that there were at least five closely related chitinases, four of which could be identified as class iv ep3 chitinases with an apparent size of 30 kda. two other proteins w ...	1996	8790295
new antifungal proteins from sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) showing homology to non-specific lipid transfer proteins.	two novel, nearly identical antifungal proteins, iwf1 and iwf2, were isolated from the intercellular washing fluid (iwf) of sugar beet leaves. the proteins were purified to homogeneity and their amino acid sequences were determined. they are basic, monomeric proteins of 91 amino acid residues, 89 of which are identical. both proteins show strong in vitro antifungal activity against cercospora beticola, the casual agent of leaf spot disease in sugar beet. based on primary sequence homology, inclu ...	1996	8790287
some preliminary results on the action of rhamnogalacturonase on rhamnogalacturonan oligosaccharides from beet pulp.	sugar-beet pulp was saponified and then hydrolysed with 0.1 m hcl at 80 degrees c for 72 h, and a rhamnogalacturonan fraction was isolated by ion-exchange chromatography on ag 1x8 resin. four individual oligomers, and a mixture of oligomers with higher degrees of polymerization, were obtained by chromatography on biogel p-4. they all presented the alpha-d-galap-(1[-->2)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->4)-alpha-d-galap -(1]n-->2)-l-rhap structure (with n > or = 2) the five fractions were submitted to hydrolysi ...	1995	8789335
the lactational responses of dairy cows to amount of feed and to the source of carbohydrate energy.	an experiment was designed to test whether responses to variation in plane of nutrition conformed to a linear model or to a diminishing response curve model and to examine the influence of type of energy-yielding nutrient used in the ration on the response. lactating friesian cows (n = 18; mean, 126 dim) were used in a latin square experiment with three 4-wk periods. diets consisted of hay and concentrates 40:60 (wt/wt, dm basis). the concentrates were based on grain, sugar beet pulp, or an equa ...	1995	8786258
extraction and aphid transmission of beet western yellows luteovirus from air dried leaf tissue.	a protocol is described for the recovery of viable, aphid transmissible beet western yellows luteovirus from air-dried field material. the advantages of the protocol for long-term and cross-border field sampling are discussed.	1996	8783167
[sugar beet pollen allergy as a rare occupational disease].	although there are a few isolated reports in the literature suggesting that sugar beet pollen is highly antigenic, hypersensitivity to components of sugar beet is not a common disease. we report a 29-year-old man with a history of atopic dermatitis who developed both contact dermatitis and allergic rhinitis from sugar beet pollen through his job in a seed nursery.	1996	8767663
horseradish curly top virus is a distinct subgroup ii geminivirus species with rep and c4 genes derived from a subgroup iii ancestor.	the complete nucleotide sequence (3080 nt) of an infectious dna clone derived from the geminivirus horseradish curly top virus (hrctv) has been determined. the relationship of hrctv to other geminiviruses was examined using dot matrix plots of nucleotide sequence similarities, and by phylogeny of predicted amino acid sequences of individual orfs based upon parsimony or neighbour-joining methods. these analyses indicate that the v1 and v2 virion sense orfs of hrctv are most closely related to, ye ...	1996	8757976
high resolution analysis of the readthrough domain of beet necrotic yellow vein virus readthrough protein: a kter motif is important for efficient transmission of the virus by polymyxa betae.	the 5'-terminal cistron of beet necrotic yellow vein furovirus rna 2 encodes the 21 kda major viral coat protein and terminates with an amber stop codon which can undergo suppression to give rise to a 75 kda readthrough (rt) protein referred to as p75. p75 is a minor component of virions and the 54 kda rt domain following the coat protein sequence is important both for virus assembly and transmission by the fungal vector polymyxa betae. to better define the regions of the rt domain involved in t ...	1996	8757975
detection of added beet sugar in concentrated and single strength fruit juices by deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance (snif-nmr method): collaborative study.	a collaborative study of the site-specific natural isotope fractionation-nuclear magnetic resonance (snif-nmr) method for detecting added beet sugar in fruit juices is reported. this method is complementary to the stable carbon isotope ratio analysis (scira) (aoac official methods 981.09 and 982.21), which can detect sugars derived from plants exhibiting c4 metabolism (corn and sugarcane). it is based on the fact that the deuterium content at specific positions of the sugar molecules is higher i ...	2013	8757451
molecular cloning, immunochemical localization to the vacuole, and expression in transgenic yeast and tobacco of a putative sugar transporter from sugar beet.	several plant genes have been cloned that encode members of the sugar transporter subgroup of the major facilitator superfamily of transporters. here we report the cloning, expression, and membrane localization of one of these porters found in sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.). this clone, cdna-1, codes for a protein with 490 amino acids and an estimated molecular mass of 54 kd. the predicted membrane topology and sequence homology suggest that cdna-1 is a member of the sugar transporter family. rna ...	1996	8742332
pesticide appliers, biocides, and birth defects in rural minnesota.	earlier studies by our group suggested the possibility that offspring of pesticide appliers might have increased risks of birth anomalies. to evaluate this hypothesis, 935 births to 34,772 state-licensed, private pesticide appliers in minnesota occurring between 1989 and 1992 were linked to the minnesota state birth registry containing 210,723 live births in this timeframe. the birth defect rate for all birth anomalies was significantly increased in children born to private appliers. specific bi ...	1996	8732949
major fruit and vegetable contributors to the main serum carotenoids in the spanish diet.	to identify the main sources of serum carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene, beta-cryptoxanthin, alpha-carotene and beta-carotene) among the fruits and vegetables in the spanish diet, to be used in the design of food questionnaires and to provide useful information for epidemiological and comparative studies.	1996	8730612
rrna distribution during microspore development in anthers of beta vulgaris l. quantitative in situ hybridization analysis.	we related changes in the ultrastructural organization of the nucleoli with the results of quantitative in situ hybridizations to characterize rrna metabolism during the development of microspore mother cells in the sugar beet anther (beta vulgaris l.). in the course of meiotic prophase and early postmeiotic interphase the morphological characteristics of the nucleoli are typical of low or no transcriptional activity and a low rate of rrna processing. however, we found evidence of an apparent in ...	1996	8718677
the physical and genomic organization of microsatellites in sugar beet.	microsatellites, tandem arrays of short (2-5 bp) nucleotide motifs, are present in high numbers in most eukaryotic genomes. we have characterized the physical distribution of microsatellites on chromosomes of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.). each microsatellite sequence shows a characteristic genomic distribution and motif-dependent dispersion, with site-specific amplification on one to seven pairs of centromeres or intercalary chromosomal regions and weaker, dispersed hybridization along chromoso ...	1996	8710945
high-resolution mapping of repetitive dna by in situ hybridization: molecular and chromosomal features of prominent dispersed and discretely localized dna families from the wild beet species beta procumbens.	members of three prominent dna families of beta procumbens have been isolated as sau3a repeats. two families consisting of repeats of about 158 bp and 312 bp are organized as satellite dnas (sau3a satellites i and ii), whereas the third family with a repeat length of 202 bp is interspersed throughout the genome. multi-colour flourescence in situ hybridization was used for physical mapping of the dna families, and has shown that these tandemly organized families occur in large heterochromatic and ...	1996	8704122
effects of fertilizer on insecticides adsorption and biodegradation in crop soils.	recent organic fertilizer treatments (cow manure, pig slurry, composts, or green manure) simultaneously increase insecticide adsorption onto soil and the insecticide soil persistence, indicating a mechanism of slow release of insecticide into soil by the organic matter. this occurred in sugar beet crops with aldicarb, thiofanox and imidacloprid; also, in leek, cauliflower and brussels sprouts crops with chlorpyrifos and chlorfenvinphos. in contrast, organic fertilizer treatments applied once or ...	1996	8687996
molecular cloning and structural analysis of cdnas that encode 3 small gtp-binding proteins from sugar beet.	isolation of homologous ras-related genes from sugar beet has never been reported. screening cdna library from beta vulgaris l. hilma resulted in the isolation of 3 ras-homologous clones. two of these genes (rab1bv and rab2bv) belong to the rab/ypt group. the deduced polypeptidic sequences from them show strong homologies to ara3 (93% with rab1bv) of arabidopsis thaliana and rgp2 (97% with rab2bv) of oryza sativa. the third gene (rho1bv) belongs to the rho family. the homology of rho1bv protein ...	1996	8680960
release of ferulic acid from sugar-beet pulp by using arabinanase, arabinofuranosidase and an esterase from aspergillus niger.	aspergillus niger cinnamoyl esterase (cinnae) is shown to be active towards a wide range of feruloylated oligosaccharides derived from sugar-beet pulp (sbp). the esterase hydrolysed ferulic acid ester-linked to either c-2 of arabinose or c-6 of galactose residues, and demonstrated the highest activity towards the feruloylated arabinose trisaccharide. however, cinnae was able to release only 0.88% of total alkali-extractable ferulic acid from sbp in 24 h when acting alone. to determine whether ce ...	1996	8679111
purification and characterization of a novel esterase induced by growth of aspergillus niger on sugar-beet pulp.	an inducible esterase has been isolated from a liquid culture of aspergillus niger grown on sugar-beet pulp. the enzyme was active on methyl esters of cinnamic acids, caffeic > p-coumaric > ferulic, and is therefore termed a cinnamoyl esterase. the enzyme was not active on methyl sinapinate, a good substrate for ferulic acid esterase iii, which was purified previously from a. niger [faulds and williamson (1994) microbiology 140, 779-787]. with methyl caffeate as substrate the enzyme had temperat ...	1996	8679110
cloning of a cdna encoding a new ribosome-inactivating protein from beta vulgaris vulgaris (mangold).	by means of a lambda zap ii cdna library constructed from seedings of beta vulgaris vulgaris and immunoscreening, a cdna clone containing a partial sequence of a new ribosome-inactivating protein (rip) was obtained. as confirmed by western blot analysis, this clone produced a rip upon induction with iptg. we called it betavulgin (bvg). the recombinant protein (re-bvg) was somewhat smaller than plant-derived rip (28 versus 30 and 32 kda), but showed the specific n-glycosidase activity on tobacco ...	1996	8666251
transcriptional and post-translational control of the plant plasma membrane h(+)-atpase by mechanical treatments.	the activity of the plant plasma membrane (pm) h(+)-atpase was studied with fresh, cut or aged tissues of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) leaves. the rate of acidification of the medium by tissue samples was strongly stimulated by ageing, but unaffected by cutting. the proton-pumping activity and the specific activity of the vanadate-sensitive atpase of purified pm vesicles prepared from aged tissues were much higher than that of fresh tissues, whereas cutting had no effect. yet, both ageing and c ...	1996	8664320
reaction kinetics of the vacuolar h(+)-pumping atpase in beta vulgaris.	vacuolar-type h(+)-atpases (v-atpases) are ubiquitous in eukaryote endomembranes, where they are responsible for lumenal acidification. the ratios of h+ translocated per atp hydrolyzed (which may be important in controlling the activity of these pumps) have previously been found to be variable, noninteger and sensitive to cytosolic as well as lumenal ph. the mechanistic implications of these findings are explored here with reaction kinetics. experimental data for this analysis comprise supra- an ...	1996	8661990
organization of the 3'-terminal half of beet yellow stunt virus genome and implications for the evolution of closteroviruses.	the 3'-terminal half of the beet yellow stunt virus (bysv) genome 10,545 nt, has been cloned and sequenced. the sequenced portion of the bysv genome encompasses 10 open reading frames (orfs) and 241 nt of the 3' untranslated region. the sequence spans, in the 5' to 3' direction, the c-terminal region of the replication-associated polyprotein gene (orf 1a) which includes the set of motifs typical of helicases (hel), the entire 53-kda polymerase (rdrp) gene (orf 1b), and genes encoding 30-kda (orf ...	1996	8661428
in vitro fermentation of cellulose, beet pulp, citrus pulp, and citrus pectin using fecal inoculum from cats, dogs, horses, humans, and pigs and ruminal fluid from cattle.	we evaluated the influence of gastrointestinal tract microflora from several species on fiber fermentation characteristics in vitro. selected fibrous substrates (cellulose, beet pulp, citrus pulp, and citrus pectin) were incubated for 6, 12, 24, and 48 h with ruminal fluid from cattle or feces from dogs, cats, pigs, horses, or humans. when data were pooled across all substrates and fermentation times, om disappearance (29.4%) and acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total short-chain fatty acid (s ...	1995	8655439