Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia among the elderly: an assessment of disease burden. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of acute lower respiratory tract disease among the elderly, but national estimates of the burden of this disease have not been made. to estimate the morbidity, mortality, and medical costs of rsv-associated pneumonia among us elderly, national hospital discharge data, vital statistics, etiologic studies of adult pneumonia hospitalizations, and medicare cost data were reviewed. in the united states, 687,000 hospitalizations and 74,000 deaths ... | 1999 | 9841818 |
| a primate model of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | to determine whether bonnet monkeys are susceptible to infection and disease due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), 4 juvenile bonnet monkeys (macaca radiata) were inoculated with rsv intratracheally and sacrificed at 3, 5, 7 and 9 days post infection. rsv was cultured from pre-autopsy broncheoalveolar lavage fluid from all 4 animals with a peak titre of virus on day 9. serum rsv neutralizing antibody was present by day 7. animals developed tachypnoea and chest retractions by 5th day post inf ... | 1998 | 9838875 |
| host genetic determinants of vaccine-induced eosinophilia during respiratory syncytial virus infection. | in balb/c mice, sensitization with the attachment protein (g) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) leads to cd4+ t cell-mediated lung eosinophilia during subsequent challenge with rsv. to determine the host genetic influences on this model of lung eosinophilia, we tested 15 different inbred mouse strains. eosinophilia developed in all h-2d (balb/c, dba/2n, and b10.d2), but not in h-2k (cba/ca, cba/j, c3h, balb.k, or b10.br) mouse strains. among h-2b mice, 129 and balb.b developed eosinophilia, w ... | 1998 | 9834108 |
| evolution of antiviral activity in the ribonuclease a gene superfamily: evidence for a specific interaction between eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (edn/rnase 2) and respiratory syncytial virus. | we have demonstrated that the human eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (edn, rnase 2), a rapidly evolving secretory protein derived from eosinophilic leukocytes, mediates the ribonucleolytic destruction of extracellular virions of the single-stranded rna virus respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). while rnase activity is crucial to antiviral activity, it is clearly not sufficient, as our results suggest that edn has unique structural features apart from rnase activity that are necessary to promote antiv ... | 1998 | 9826755 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in children with acute respiratory infections in zambia. | epidemiological research on respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in children was carried out at the virology laboratory, university teaching hospital (uth), in lusaka, zambia, from january-december 1996. specimens including 736 nasal washings and 2424 throat swabs were collected from children with acute respiratory infections (ari) and tested for rsv by enzyme immunoassay and by virus isolation. rsv was isolated in 62 (4.1%) of 1496 throat swabs collected from march to september and was ... | 1998 | 9825792 |
| in vivo suppression of osteosarcoma pulmonary metastasis with intravenous osteocalcin promoter-based toxic gene therapy. | pulmonary metastases are the main cause of death of patients with several types of cancer, including osteosarcoma, renal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and breast cancer. previously, we demonstrated that intralesional injection of the recombinant adenovirus (ad) vector containing the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (tk) gene driven by an osteocalcin (oc) promoter (ad-oc-tk) effectively suppressed the growth of osteosarcoma cells in vitro and tumors in vivo in a tumor-specific manner w ... | 1998 | 9824046 |
| intracellular ifn-gamma expression in natural killer cells precedes lung cd8+ t cell recruitment during respiratory syncytial virus infection. | natural killer (nk) cells are recruited locally during the initial phases of virus infection and produce cytokines which may affect the subsequent emergence of specific t cells. in this study, cellular responses to primary respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and after vaccination with individual viral proteins were investigated in balb/c mice using the new nk cell antibody, dx5. purified dx5+ cells caused lysis of yac-1 cell targets. dx5+ cells did not express cd8, cd45r or mhc class ii ... | 1998 | 9820134 |
| treatment of respiratory failure with inhaled nitric oxide and high- frequency ventilation in an infant with respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. | in a 7-month-old infant with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pneumonia, we have shown an additive effect of high-frequency ventilation (hfv) and inhaled nitric oxide (ino) in terms of improved oxygenation and the avoidance of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. apparently, the combined therapy of hfv and ino is superior to either therapeutic modality alone in the treatment of hypoxemic respiratory failure due to rsv pneumonia. the mechanism of increased lung exp ... | 1998 | 9817963 |
| atypical pulmonary eosinophilia is mediated by a specific amino acid sequence of the attachment (g) protein of respiratory syncytial virus. | we analyzed the immune responses evoked by a series of overlapping peptides to better understand the molecular basis for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g protein-induced eosinophilia in balb/c mice. in vitro stimulation of spleen cells from natural g protein-primed mice showed dominant proliferative and cytokine (interferon [ifn]-gamma and interleukin [il]-5) responses to a peptide encompassing amino acids 184-198. mice vaccinated with peptide 184- 198 conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin ... | 1998 | 9815273 |
| reduction of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in tracheal aspirates in intubated infants by use of humanized monoclonal antibody to rsv f protein. | thirty-five children <2 years of age mechanically ventilated for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection were randomized to receive an intravenous infusion of 15 mg/kg medi-493 or placebo. rsv concentration was measured in tracheal secretions by plaque assay before and at 24-h intervals after treatment. the reduction in tracheal rsv concentration from day 0 to day 1 (-1.7+/-0.28 vs. -0. 6+/-0.21 log10 pfu/ml; p=.004) and from day 0 to day 2 (-2.5+/-0.26 vs. -1.0+/-0.41 log10 pfu/ml; p=.012) ... | 1998 | 9815203 |
| shedding of l-selectin and pecam-1 and upregulation of mac-1 and icam-1 on neutrophils in rsv bronchiolitis. | bronchiolitis is characterized histologically by epithelial necrosis and peribronchial infiltration of leukocytes, with a high percentage of neutrophils in the airways. we investigated the expression of adhesion molecules (cd11a, cd11b, cd18, cd31, cd54, and cd62l) on neutrophils from nasopharyngeal aspirates (npas) and peripheral blood (pb) of infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced bronchiolitis. the expression of cd31 and cd62l on neutrophils from npas is decreased and the expr ... | 1998 | 9815117 |
| recombinant human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) from cdna and construction of subgroup a and b chimeric rsv. | infectious human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was produced from a cdna clone that contains 15,222 nucleotides of rsv genome derived from the a2 strain of subgroup a. recovery of infectious rsv from cdna required cotransfection of only three expression plasmids encoding the nucleoprotein (n), the phosphoprotein (p), and the major polymerase protein (l). inclusion of the m2-1 plasmid was not required in the transfection reaction and if included did not significantly increase the rescue effici ... | 1998 | 9813216 |
| detection and quantitation of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) using minigenome cdna and a sindbis virus replicon: a prototype assay for negative-strand rna viruses. | we describe here a novel approach for detecting and quantitating human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) based on expression of a reporter gene from an rsv minigenome. bhk cells were cytoplasmically transformed with a noncytopathic sindbis virus replicon expressing t7 rna polymerase. these cells were then cotransfected with t7 expression plasmids that contain the cdna of an rsv minigenome and the genes for rsv nucleocapsid proteins n, p, and l. the minigenome contains a reporter gene such as lac ... | 1998 | 9813215 |
| secondary structure and mutational analysis of the ribosomal frameshift signal of rous sarcoma virus. | expression of the gag-pol polyprotein of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) requires a -1 ribosomal frameshifting event at the overlap region of the gag and pol open reading frames. the signal for frameshifting is composed of two essential mrna elements; a slippery sequence (aaauuua) where the ribosome changes reading frame, and a stimulatory rna structure located immediately downstream. this rna is predicted to be a complex stem-loop but may also form an rna pseudoknot. we have investigated the structure ... | 1998 | 9813113 |
| the genetic control of susceptibility to subgroup d rna tumour virus infection in commercial breeds of chickens. | the genetic control of resistance to rsv (rav-50) in chick embryos inoculated via the chorioallantoic membrane route was studied in three breeds of chickens. the relative susceptibility to subgroup d infection was 0.01, 0.02 and 0.003 in broilers, white leghorns and bantam x australorp crosses, respectively. the distribution pattern of putative dr gene frequencies were 0.80, 0.68 and 0.90, respectively, in the same three breeds. liver tumours resulting from the virus infection were observed in a ... | 1998 | 9810639 |
| primer trna(trp) of rsv-transformed or rav-1-infected cells up-regulates the antiribosomal activity of gelonin. | some ribosome-inactivating proteins (rips) with rna-n-glycosidase activity on 28s rrna require, for maximal inactivation of ribosomes, the presence of trna. trna(trp) specifically up-regulates gelonin, the rip from gelonium multiflorum. the same trna is the primer of the reverse transcriptase of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) and of its mutant (rav-1) which lacks the src gene. here we demonstrate that gelonin is more active in inhibiting endogenous protein synthesis by lysates of rsv-transformed or ra ... | 1998 | 9810463 |
| respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease and prospects for its control. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major virus pathogen of infants and young children, an important cause of disease in adults and is responsible for a significant amount of excess morbidity and mortality in the elderly. it also can be devastating in immunosuppressed populations. vaccines are being developed, but none are currently licensed. moreover, even if one or more are approved, they may not be suitable for some populations vulnerable to rsv (e.g. very young infants and the immunosuppr ... | 1998 | 9806484 |
| [the standardization of an ultramicro elisa assay for the detection of igg antibodies to the respiratory syncytial virus]. | an ultramicro elisa assay of double antibody for the detection of igg antibodies to the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was standardized. it was used a rvs antiprotein f monoclonal antibody produced by the genetic engineering and biotechnology center (gebc) in havana. the use of this antibody allowed to include crude antigenic preparations instead of purified fractions, which caused a significant reduction of the reactivity obtained with the antigen control. the assay conditions were determine ... | 1996 | 9805041 |
| a comparison of il-2 levels in nasopharyngeal and endotracheal aspirates of babies with respiratory syncytial viral bronchiolitis. | cytokines such as il-2 are thought to be important in the pathogenesis of respiratory tract inflammation. cytokine levels in nasopharyngeal aspirates (npas) have been used as a measure of respiratory inflammation in children with viral infections, but it is unclear whether they reflect levels in the lower respiratory tract. | 1998 | 9802370 |
| role of mycoplasma pneumoniae in acute respiratory-tract infections in saudi paediatric patients. | the role of mycoplasma pneumoniae and viruses in the various clinical presentations of acute respiratory-tract infection (arti) was studied in saudi children seen at king khalid university hospital (kkuh) between january 1995 and january 1996. the study population comprised 511 children (age < 14 years) of both sexes. nasopharyngeal aspirates (npa) and acute-phase sera were collected. convalescent sera were only available from 334 of the patients (with an interval of 15-42 days between collectio ... | 1998 | 9797833 |
| protective cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses against paramyxoviruses induced by epitope-based dna vaccines: involvement of ifn-gamma. | plasmid dna vectors have been constructed with minigenes encoding a single cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) epitope from either the m2 protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) or from the nucleoprotein of measles virus (mv) with or without a signal sequence (also called secretory or leader sequence). following intradermal immunization, plasmids in which the ctl epitopes were expressed in-frame with the signal sequence were more effective at inducing peptide- and virus-specific ctl responses than ... | 1998 | 9796910 |
| respiratory viral infections in the elderly in a nursing home. | the purpose of this study was to investigate what viruses infiltrate into our nursing home, assess the related clinical symptoms in elderly subjects, and compare the incidence of infections with those in the general community. between july 1994 and june 1995, 40 elderly persons dwelling in the nursing home were evaluated by clinical observation, serologic analysis, and viral culture of samples to determine the presence of viruses. enteroviruses and herpes simplex i virus could be isolated from a ... | 1998 | 9796185 |
| prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections: indications for the use of palivizumab and update on the use of rsv-igiv. american academy of pediatrics committee on infectious diseases and committee of fetus and newborn. | the food and drug administration recently approved the use of palivizumab (pal-vizh-mäb), an intramuscularly administered monoclonal antibody preparation. recommendations for its use are based on a large, randomized study demonstrating a 55% reduction in the risk of hospitalization attributable to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in high-risk pediatric patients. infants and children with chronic lung disease (cld), formerly designated bronchopulmonary dysplasia, as well as prematurel ... | 1998 | 9794957 |
| respiratory syncytial virus induces the expression of 5-lipoxygenase and endothelin-1 in bronchial epithelial cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection causes and exacerbates asthma, yet the mechanism by which rsv triggers asthma is poorly understood. herein, an in vitro model of rsv infection was established using hep-2 and beas-2b bronchial epithelial cell lines, and the expression of 5-lipoxygenase (5-lo), and endothelin-1 (et-1) was examined. rsv infection increased the expression of 5-lo mrna and protein in both cell lines, as detected by rt-pcr and western blot analysis, respectively. the levels ... | 1998 | 9790973 |
| respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin for prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus disease in infants and children with congenital heart disease. the cardiac study group. | to examine the effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin administered intravenously (rsv-igiv) in reducing hospitalization for treatment of rsv in children with congenital heart disease (chd). | 1998 | 9787686 |
| development of human antibodies against linear antigenic and immunogenic regions of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) nucleocapsid and phospho-proteins shows the site-directed characteristics. | the successful development of an rsv vaccine requires a better understanding of the pathogenesis of primary infection, susceptibility to reinfection, and the immunopathology of enhanced illness in children immunized with a non-replicating rsv candidate vaccine. the exact role of different immune parameters in rsv pathogenesis remains controversial. | 1998 | 9785215 |
| [respiratory syncytial virus infection in childhood]. | respiratory syncytial virus is the most frequent cause of respiratory tract infections in infants and is responsible for annual winter epidemics of acute bronchiolitis. over the last decades medical therapy has remained unchanged and controversial, despite intensive research. inhaled bronchodilators are often not effective and should be discontinued if no beneficial response can be documented. steroids and ribavirin are not indicated in previously healthy infants with acute rsv bronchiolitis. th ... | 1998 | 9783360 |
| helium-oxygen improves clinical asthma scores in children with acute bronchiolitis. | to determine the efficacy of a helium-oxygen mixture in children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit with acute respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. | 1998 | 9781732 |
| safety and pharmacokinetics of an intramuscular humanized monoclonal antibody to respiratory syncytial virus in premature infants and infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. the medi-493 study group. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory disease in infants and children. medi-493 (palivizumab, synagis) is a humanized monoclonal igg1 antibody to the fusion protein of rsv, and it is highly active in vitro against rsv a and b strains. | 1998 | 9779762 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in older persons. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an increasingly recognized cause of serious disease in older adults. rsv causes excess morbidity and mortality in older persons residing in nursing homes and in the community. the study of rsv in adults has been hampered by the lack of sensitive methods for the diagnosis of acute infections. such tools are needed to better understand the epidemiology and immunology of rsv in adults. the immune status of older adults has begun to be explored and preliminary da ... | 1998 | 9778756 |
| reverse transcription of a self-primed retrotransposon requires an rna structure similar to the u5-ir stem-loop of retroviruses. | an inverted repeat (ir) within the u5 region of the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) mrna forms a structure composed of a 7-bp stem and a 5-nucleotide (nt) loop. this u5-ir structure has been shown to be required for the initiation of reverse transcription. the mrna of tf1, long terminal repeat-containing retrotransposon from fission yeast (schizosaccharomyces pombe) contains nucleotides with the potential to form a u5-ir stem-loop that is strikingly similar to that of rsv. the putative u5-ir stem-loop ... | 1998 | 9774699 |
| [animal experiment on gene therapy of ovarian cancer by adenovirus-mediated thymidine kinase gene transduction and ganciclovir administration in vivo]. | the efficacy and toxicity of adenovirus-mediated transduction of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene started by rous sarcoma virus (adv/rsv-tk) followed by administration of ganciclovir (gcv) were studied in vivo. | 1997 | 9772431 |
| ventricular arrhythmia associated with respiratory syncytial viral infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of lower respiratory infections in infants. cardiac arrhythmias are an uncommon complication in infants with rsv bronchiolitis. presumably, the arrhythmias may be secondary to rsv pericarditis, myocarditis, or some other infection of the heart. we report on a patient with rsv bronchiolitis who had clinical myocarditis complicated by ventricular tachycardia. | 1998 | 9770583 |
| [determination of complement-fixing antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus. longitudinal study in a population of less than 1 year of age in the city of havana]. | respiratory syncytial viruses (rsv) are considered among the most important agents causing acute respiratory infections in infants below 1 year of age. a 10-year longitudinal study of monosera from children under 15 years was carried out; 1,069 monosera from children under 1 year were studied using the rsv antigen complement-fixing technique. it was observed that there were short or longer periods between the peaks of positive sera and when they were compared with medical care reports, they show ... | 1994 | 9768240 |
| importance of basic residues in the nucleocapsid sequence for retrovirus gag assembly and complementation rescue. | the gag proteins of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) contain small interaction (i) domains within their nucleocapsid (nc) sequences. these overlap the zinc finger motifs and function to provide the proper density to viral particles. there are two zinc fingers and at least two i domains within these gag proteins. to more thoroughly characterize the important sequence features and properties of i domains, we analyzed gag proteins that contain one or no zinc finger mo ... | 1998 | 9765448 |
| cytotoxic t-lymphocyte precursor frequencies in balb/c mice after acute respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection or immunization with a formalin-inactivated rsv vaccine. | a better understanding of the immune response to live and formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is important for developing nonlive vaccines. in this study, major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i- and ii-restricted, rsv-specific cytotoxic t-lymphocyte precursor (ctlp) frequencies were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) samples and spleen lymphocytes of balb/c mice intranasally infected with live rsv or intramuscularly inoculated with formalin-inactivated rsv (fi- ... | 1998 | 9765442 |
| the apoptosis of neutrophils is accelerated in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced bronchiolitis. | neutrophils are the predominant inflammatory cell in the lung tissues and airways in rsv infection, and can augment the epithelial cell damage induced by rsv. neutrophil apoptosis has been suggested to be a mechanism to reduce the potential for tissue injury. the apoptosis of neutrophils from nasopharyngeal aspirates (npa) (n = 19) and peripheral blood (pb) of infants with rsv bronchiolitis (n = 11) and pb from healthy controls (n = 9) was investigated. monoclonal antibody against cd95 (fas) and ... | 1998 | 9764602 |
| neutrophils induce damage to respiratory epithelial cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus. | the mechanisms by which respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection induces bronchiolitis and airway disease are unclear. the presence of large numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) in the airways of infants with rsv infection suggests a potential role of pmn in airway injury associated with rsv infection. to investigate the potential role of neutrophils in rsv bronchiolitis, human alveolar type ii cells (a549 cells) were infected with different doses of rsv for 6-48 h. a 51cr-releasing ... | 1998 | 9762789 |
| aggregation independent of n-cadherin and neural cell adhesion molecule on quail myoblasts transformed with temperature-sensitive rous sarcoma virus. | quail myoblasts transformed with the temperature-sensitive mutant of rous sarcoma virus (qm-rsv cells) differentiate temperature-sensitively. at 41 degrees c, the cells begin to fuse after about 15-18 h and form multinucleated myotubes, whereas, at 35.5 degrees c, the cells proliferate. tyrosine-phosphorylation relates to this temperature-sensitive differentiation. in the course of the investigation of qm-rsv cells, when qm-rsv cells were dissociated with edta and shaken in dmem, the aggregation ... | 1998 | 9759520 |
| an avian cdna encoding a tyrosine-phosphorylated protein with pdz, coiled-coil, and sam domains. | tyrosine phosphoproteins of size 115-120 kda were purified from membranes of chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef) infected with rous sarcoma virus (rsv). a mouse was immunized with these proteins, and the immune serum was used to screen a cef cdna expression library. a highly immunoreactive clone (ks5) was identified and characterized. the cdna of this clone is 2.3 kb in length with a short 5' utr and a single major open reading frame (orf) encoding a polypeptide of 719 amino acids, with a calculate ... | 1998 | 9757012 |
| the effect of fluticasone propionate on respiratory syncytial virus-induced chemokine release by a human bronchial epithelial cell line. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of bronchiolitis in infants, is an important trigger of asthma exacerbation, and stimulates chemokine production by human respiratory epithelial cells in vitro. we tested the effect of the corticosteroid fluticasone propionate (fp) on rsv-stimulated production of the chemokines interleukin 8 (il-8) and rantes (regulated upon activation, normal t cell expressed and secreted) by a human bronchial epithelial cell line, beas-2b. confluent beas- ... | 1998 | 9754905 |
| seasonal trends of viral respiratory tract infections in the tropics. | to evaluate the seasonal trends of viral respiratory tract infections in a tropical environment, a retrospective survey of laboratory virus isolation, serology and immunofluorescence microscopy in two large general hospitals in singapore between september 1990 and september 1994 was carried out. respiratory tract viral outbreaks, particularly among infants who required hospitalization, were found to be associated mainly with respiratory syncytial (rsv) infections (72%), influenza (11%) and parai ... | 1998 | 9747763 |
| neuroprotection of spinal motoneurons following targeted transduction with an adenoviral vector carrying the gene for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. | application of neurotrophic factors (nfs) to the cut stump of peripheral nerves confers transient (1- to 2-week) neuroprotection of motoneurons from axotomy-induced death in neonates. we tested whether lumbar spinal motoneurons would be protected from axotomy-induced death when they were genetically modified to produce nfs in situ. adenoviral (adv) vectors carrying neurotrophic factor genes under control of the rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat promoter (adv.rsv-nf) or a control vector con ... | 1998 | 9743571 |
| polymerase chain reaction-based detection of rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and coronavirus in otitis media with effusion. | to study the association of human rhinovirus (hrv), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and human coronavirus infections in children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (ome). to determine how long hrv rna can be detected after hrv infection. | 1998 | 9738723 |
| palivizumab, a humanized respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibody, reduces hospitalization from respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk infants. the impact-rsv study group. | to determine the safety and efficacy of prophylaxis with palivizumab in reducing the incidence of hospitalization because of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in high-risk infants. | 1998 | 9738173 |
| multiplex pcr for typing and subtyping influenza and respiratory syncytial viruses. | a multiplex reverse transcription (rt)-pcr method that has been developed is capable of detecting and subtyping influenza a (h1n1 and h3n2) and b viruses as well as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) types a and b in respiratory clinical samples taken as part of a national community-based surveillance program of influenza-like illness in england and wales. the detection of each different pathogen depended on distinguishing five amplification products of different sizes on agarose gels following r ... | 1998 | 9738055 |
| increased number of t cells committed to il-5 production after respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection of human mononuclear cells in vitro. | we examined changes in the cytokine profile of t cells induced by in vitro infection with rsv. isolated mononuclear cells from 27 healthy adults and six infants were infected with rsv at a concentration of 3 moi (multiplicity of infection). after 48 h cells were restimulated with phorbol ester and ionomycin in the presence of monensin for 5 h. the intracellular expression of viral antigen, the cytokines il-2, il-4, il-5, interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma), and the expression of surface markers were as ... | 1998 | 9737676 |
| novel anti-respiratory syncytial(rs) viral compounds: benzodithiin derivatives. | benzodithiin derivatives are highly potent and specific inhibitors of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) replication in vitro. the most potent and selective congener of a benzodithiin derivative is 1,4-dihydro-2,3-benzodithiin(rd3-0028). according to the modified 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (mtt) assay developed in our laboratories, this compound has a 50% effective concentration of 4.5 microm and a 50% cytotoxic concentration of 271.0 microm, which is superior ... | 1998 | 9731237 |
| oncoviral dnas induce transposition of endogenous mobile elements in the genome of drosophila melanogaster. | previously, we have shown that particles of rous sarcoma virus or cloned fragments of rsv cdna as well as dna of oncogenic simian adenovirus sa7, injected into the polar plasm of early drosophila melanogaster embryos, were able to induce, with high frequency, unstable visible mutations in different groups of genetic loci. the genetic instability of the recovered mutations, i.e., their ability to revert to normal state or to generate new mutant alleles at the affected locus, was manifest in mutan ... | 1998 | 9726013 |
| characterization of the interaction of the human respiratory syncytial virus phosphoprotein and nucleocapsid protein using the two-hybrid system. | the interaction between the human respiratory syncytial virus phosphoprotein (p) and nucleocapsid (n) protein has been investigated using the two hybrid system in yeast and in tissue culture cells. deletion analysis identified two regions in the p protein involved in this interaction. the immediate carboxy-terminal 20 amino acids were essential for interaction with the n protein. point mutations in this region demonstrated that alteration of two conserved, phosphorylated, serine residues reduced ... | 1998 | 9725669 |
| 1998 arrs president's award. the potential of in vivo vascular tissue engineering for the treatment of vascular thrombosis: a preliminary report. american roentgen ray society. | current gene therapy and tissue engineering protocols suffer from a number of inherent limitations. in this study, we examine the feasibility of a new approach for the treatment of vascular thrombosis: in vivo tissue engineering. | 1998 | 9725272 |
| subcellular site of expression and route of vaccination influence pulmonary eosinophilia following respiratory syncytial virus challenge in balb/c mice sensitized to the attachment g protein. | the attachment glycoprotein (g) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is synthesized as two mature forms: a membrane-anchored form and a smaller secreted form. mutant cdnas were constructed that encoded one or the other form of the protein and were expressed in recombinant vaccinia viruses (rvv). mice were immunized with rvv by dermal scarification or i.p. injection to determine the contribution of the membrane-anchored and secreted forms of the g protein on the augmentation of pulmonary patholog ... | 1998 | 9725246 |
| palivizumab, a humanized respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibody, reduces hospitalization from respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk infants. | objective. to determine the safety and efficacy of prophylaxis with palivizumab in reducing the incidence of hospitalization because of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in high-risk infants. methods. a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at 139 centers in the united states, the united kingdom, and canada. during the 1996 to 1997 rsv season, 1502 children with prematurity (</=35 weeks) or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd) were randomized to receive 5 injecti ... | 1998 | 9724660 |
| antigenic and genomic diversity of central european respiratory syncytial virus strains. | thirty-two rsv strains recovered during the winter months of 1987/88 to 1993/94 from hospitalized children in vienna, austria and zagreb, croatia were analysed for antigenic and genetic variations. twenty-nine of the 32 isolates investigated belonged to group a and 3 to group b, with the majority of infections caused by subgroup a1 (21 of 29). restriction endonuclease mapping of pcr products derived from parts of the n and g gene of 18 group a strains identified 3 distinct lineages, very similar ... | 1998 | 9722887 |
| the immunostimulating complex (iscom) is an efficient mucosal delivery system for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) envelope antigens inducing high local and systemic antibody responses. | iscom is an efficient mucosal delivery system for rsv envelope proteins as measured by antibody responses in respiratory tract secretions and in sera of mice following two intranasal (i.n.) administrations. intranasally administered rsv iscoms induced high levels of iga antibodies both in the upper respiratory tract and in the lungs. in the lungs, a prominent and long-lasting iga response was recorded, which still persisted 22 weeks after the second i.n. immunization when the experiment ended. s ... | 1998 | 9717973 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of the rice grassy stunt virus genome and genomic comparisons with viruses of the genus tenuivirus. | rice grassy stunt virus (rgsv, irri isolate) has six genomic rna segments. the nucleotide (nt) sequences of rnas 1-4 were determined. the cumulative length of the rgsv genome, including rnas 5 and 6, was 25142 nt. all six rna segments had an ambisense coding strategy and almost identical terminal sequences over 17 nt. the virus complementary (vc) sequence of the largest segment, rna1, had an open reading frame encoding a protein of mr 339133 (the 339.1k protein), while the virus sense (v) sequen ... | 1998 | 9714257 |
| maternal immunization against viral disease. | the protective effect of maternal antibody against many viral diseases has been recognized. the use of maternal immunization has been considered as a means to augment this protection in the young infant against disease. advantages of maternal immunization include the fact that young infants are most susceptible to infections but least responsive to vaccines, that pregnant women are accessible to medical care and respond well to vaccines, that igg antibodies cross the placenta well during the thi ... | 1998 | 9711788 |
| immune responses of infants to infection with respiratory viruses and live attenuated respiratory virus candidate vaccines. | respiratory viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the parainfluenza viruses (piv), and the influenza viruses cause severe lower respiratory tract diseases in infants and children throughout the world. experimental live attenuated vaccines for each of these viruses are being developed for intranasal administration in the first weeks or months of life. a variety of promising rsv, piv-3, and influenza virus vaccine strains have been developed by classical biological methods, evaluated ... | 1998 | 9711783 |
| aerosolized albuterol improves airway reactivity in infants with acute respiratory failure from respiratory syncytial virus. | the objective of this investigation was to measure the bronchodilator effect of aerosolized albuterol on infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced respiratory failure. infants who required intubation and mechanical ventilator support for rsv disease were eligible for this prospective, nonrandomized study. pulmonary function tests, including respiratory mechanics by least mean square analysis, small airway function by rapid thoraco-abdominal compression, and functional residual capac ... | 1998 | 9710275 |
| rd6-2198, a novel betain-type fluoroalkylated oligomer, inhibits the replications of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and other enveloped viruses. | we have examined a novel betain-type fluoroalkylated oligomer, rd6-2198, for its inhibitory effects on the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and other enveloped viruses, including herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2, respectively) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in cell cultures. we have found that the compound is a potent and selective inhibitor of these viruses. rd6-2198 inhibited the replication of hiv-1iiib at a concentration of 0.85 microg/ml w ... | 1998 | 9707376 |
| protection against respiratory syncytial virus infection by dna immunization. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and the elderly and is a continuing challenge for vaccine development. a murine t helper cell (th) type 2 response associates with enhanced lung pathology, which has been observed in past infant trials using formalin-inactivated rsv vaccine. in this study, we have engineered an optimized plasmid dna vector expressing the rsv fusion (f) protein (dna-f). dna-f was as effective as live rsv in mice at induc ... | 1998 | 9705950 |
| a single nucleotide substitution in the transcription start signal of the m2 gene of respiratory syncytial virus vaccine candidate cpts248/404 is the major determinant of the temperature-sensitive and attenuation phenotypes. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) cpts248/404 is a live-attenuated, temperature-sensitive (ts) vaccine candidate derived from cole-passaged cprsv by two rounds of chemical mutagenesis and biological selection. previous sequence analysis showed that these two steps introduced three single nucleotide substitutions into the cprsv parent. two of these occurred with the coding sequence for the l protein, and each resulted in a single amino acid substitution: gin-831-leu (248 mutation) and asp-1183-gl ... | 1998 | 9705916 |
| standardizing the care of bronchiolitis. | to study the effect of an educational intervention on the management of hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis. | 1998 | 9701131 |
| interleukin-8 production by cystic fibrosis nasal epithelial cells after tumor necrosis factor-alpha and respiratory syncytial virus stimulation. | high levels of neutrophils and the neutrophil-attracting chemokine interleukin (il)-8 have been observed in the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). we hypothesized that cf respiratory epithelium produces excessive amounts of il-8 either at baseline or after stimulation. to test this hypothesis we compared immunoreactive il-8 release by primary nasal epithelial cell (nec) cultures established from young children with or without cf, at several time points after stimulation of cultures w ... | 1998 | 9698592 |
| heparin-like structures on respiratory syncytial virus are involved in its infectivity in vitro. | addition of heparin to the virus culture inhibited syncytial plaque formation due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). moreover, pretreatment of the virus with heparinase or an inhibitor of heparin, protamine, greatly reduced virus infectivity. two anti-heparan sulfate antibodies stained rsv-infected cells, but not noninfected cells, by immunofluorescence. one of the antibodies was capable of neutralizing rsv infection in vitro. these results prove that heparin-like structures identified on rsv ... | 1998 | 9696816 |
| pasteurella haemolytica complicated respiratory infections in sheep and goats. | respiratory infections which commonly occur in sheep and goats often result from adverse physical and physiological stress combined with viral and bacterial infections. inevitably, pasteurella haemolytica pneumonia occurs as a result of these interactions. in this review, we present recent advances in research on the complex etiology of pneumonia involving p. haemolytica. initially stress, induced by factors such as heat, overcrowding, exposure to inclement weather, poor ventilation, handling an ... | 1998 | 9689740 |
| enzyme-linked immunoassay for respiratory syncytial virus is not predictive of bronchiolitis in sudden infant death syndrome. | although respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-infected infants may present with apnea, the role that rsv plays in sudden infant death syndrome (sids) is speculative. to determine whether rsv is associated with bronchiolitis in these patients, we examined histologic sections of lungs from 41 apparent sids cases and compared the results with those of enzyme-linked immunofluorescent assay (eia) from nasal washings. bronchiolitis was defined by a bronchiolar inflammatory cell infiltrate plus epithelial ... | 1998 | 9688761 |
| costs and benefits of respiratory syncytial virus immunoglobulin to prevent hospitalization for lower respiratory tract illness in very low birth weight infants. | respiratory syncytial virus immunoglobulin intravenous (rsv-igiv) has been shown to reduce the risk of lower respiratory illness (lri) hospitalization in preterm infants and infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd). the purpose of this analysis was to estimate the economic costs and benefits of prophylaxis with rsv-igiv in these groups. | 1998 | 9686723 |
| [application of the polymerase chain reaction for detecting respiratory syncytial virus]. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed in order to identify the respiratory syncytial virus by using the reference strain. the high sensitivity and specificity obtained show the pcr utility for detecting the rsv genoma and its application on the diagnosis. | 1997 | 9685955 |
| detection of rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and coronavirus infections in acute otitis media by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. | to determine the frequencies of human rhinovirus (hrv), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and coronavirus (hcv) infection in children with acute otitis media (aom). | 1998 | 9685428 |
| the upstream, direct repeat sequence of prague a rous sarcoma virus is deficient in mediating efficient gag assembly and particle release. | rous sarcoma virus (rsv) contains two approximately 135-nt imperfect direct repeats composed of smaller repeats, dr1 (approximately 100 nt) and dr2 (approximately 36 nt), that are between the env and src genes and downstream of src in the 3' untranslated region, respectively. it has previously been shown that a prague a rsv mutant in which both dr1 sequences are deleted is defective at several points in the virus life cycle, including unspliced rna and env mrna stability, unspliced rna transport ... | 1998 | 9683574 |
| a bovine model of vaccine enhanced respiratory syncytial virus pathophysiology. | a critical issue has been the observation that vaccination of children with a formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine is associated with disease enhancement. we have taken advantage of bovine rsv and our experience with this disease in calves to develop a natural model that parallels human disease. using formalin-inactivated bovine rsv vaccine calves were either sham-vaccinated/infected, vaccinated/infected, or vaccinated/sham-infected and their clinical signs, pulmonary f ... | 1998 | 9682383 |
| immune response to baculovirus expressed protein fragment amino acids 190-289 of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion protein. | at least two neutralizing epitopes have been identified in the amino acid (aa) sequence 190-289 of the rsv fusion protein. the authors expressed this region in insect cells (bf190-289) and compared the immune response to bf190-289 with that induced by baculovirus expressed full-length fusion protein (bf). as with bf, mice primed with bf190-289 produced exclusively antibodies of igg1 isotype, generated neutralizing antibodies, reduced significantly the virus titer (about a half log10 reduction) a ... | 1998 | 9682369 |
| using distilled water for the extraction of mucosal antibodies and the subsequent application in rsv neutralization test. | virus neutralization (vn) is an important functional test for evaluating rsv vaccines, also encompassing in mucosal secretion of the respiratory tract considering the infection route. in our previous study, an immunoglobin extraction method described by bergquist et al. was adopted for rsv elisa, but it was not suitable for virus neutralization test due to the cell toxicity of the 2% saponin solution used for the antibody extraction. in order to overcome this problem, several solvents including ... | 1998 | 9682132 |
| abundant ifn-gamma production by local t cells in respiratory syncytial virus-induced eosinophilic lung disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a frequent cause of severe lung disease in young children. primed t cells are required for virus clearance, but are causally implicated in the enhanced pathology seen following rsv infection of some infants and experimental animals vaccinated against the virus. in balb/c mice, vaccination with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the viral attachment protein (g) leads to pulmonary eosinophilia during subsequent infection, which indirect evidence suggests may ... | 1998 | 9680139 |
| differential patterns of circulating adhesion molecules in children with bronchial asthma and acute bronchiolitis. | the object of the study was to assess the levels of circulating forms of the cellular adhesion molecules icam-1, vcam-1, e-selectin, l-selectin and p-selectin in young children with asthma and acute bronchiolitis. thirty-nine children aged 12 to 84 months with mild or moderate asthma were studied at admission for acute asthma (n = 15) or in a stable phase (n = 24). ten of the children with acute asthma were seen again after one month. twenty-two children aged 1 to 17 months with acute bronchioli ... | 1998 | 9677602 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and human bronchial epithelium. | a suitable model for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection has yet to be developed. | 1998 | 9677113 |
| potent inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus replication using a 2-5a-antisense chimera targeted to signals within the virus genomic rna. | the 2-5a system is a recognized mechanistic component of the antiviral action of interferon. interferon-induced 2-5a synthetase generates 2-5a, which, in turn, activates the latent constitutive rnase l that degrades viral rna. chemical conjugation of 2-5a to an antisense oligonucleotide can target the 2-5a-dependent rnase l to the antisense-specified rna and effect its selective destruction. such a 2-5a-antisense chimera (nih351) has been developed that targets a consensus sequence within the re ... | 1998 | 9671772 |
| conversion of a human low-density lipoprotein receptor ligandbinding repeat to a virus receptor: identification of residues important for ligand specificity. | the amino-terminal region of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (ldlr) contains seven imperfect repeats of a cysteine-rich, roughly 40-aa module (ldl-a module) that are critical for apolipoprotein binding. ldl-a modules are found in numerous cell-surface and secreted proteins and are believed to mediate extracellular protein-protein interactions. the cellular receptor for subgroup a rous sarcoma virus (rsv) contains a single ldl-a module that binds the rsv envelope protein and allows viral inf ... | 1998 | 9671701 |
| severe respiratory syncytial virus pulmonary infection in a patient treated with fludarabine for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | fludarabine phosphate is currently proposed for the treatment of refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll). cd4 t-lymphocyte depletion, myelosuppression, and subsequent severe infections are the major side effects of fludarabine phosphate therapy. we report here on a heretofore undescribed respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in a patient with a long-standing history of refractory cll that was treated with fludarabine phosphate. the patient developed a severe infection of the upper an ... | 1998 | 9671138 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-induced rantes production from human bronchial epithelial cells is dependent on nuclear factor-kappa b nuclear binding and is inhibited by adenovirus-mediated expression of inhibitor of kappa b alpha. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is an important cause of lower respiratory tract illness, the severity of which may be partly due to cellular recruitment. rsv infection activates chemokine secretion from airway epithelial cells by largely unknown mechanisms. we investigated the regulation of rsv-induced activation of the chemokine rantes in the bronchial epithelial cell line beas-2b and primary normal human tracheobronchial epithelial cultures. rantes protein and mrna were detected a ... | 1998 | 9670982 |
| t cell subset analysis in peripheral blood of children with rsv bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis is partially an immune-mediated disease in which rsv-specific t cells play a predominant role. the peripheral blood t cell response was studied in patients with rsv bronchiolitis in order to detect evidence for t cell redistribution during natural rsv infection and if so, which subsets are involved. 18 patients with rsv bronchiolitis and 13 control patients were studied. the white blood cell count, the number of t cells and t cell subsets in blood ... | 1998 | 9670363 |
| development of transgenic xenopus laevis with a high c-src gene expression. | xenopus laevis larvae with an elevated expression of c-src were generated by mating a transgenic x. laevis male frog carrying proviral rous sarcoma virus (rsv) long terminal repeat (ltr) and most of the pol gene sequences in its sperm dna and a normal x. laevis female frog. offspring (15-20%) with a higher dosage of c-src, detected in disorganized myotomal musculature and in cerebral and spinal neuronal cells by immunohistochemical analysis, developed abnormally, with edemas (in most cases), hea ... | 1998 | 9669525 |
| characterization of myogenin expression in myotubes derived from quail myoblasts transformed with a temperature sensitive mutant of rous sarcoma virus. | during myogenic differentiation of quail myoblasts transformed with a temperature sensitive mutant of rous sarcoma virus (qm-rsv cells), it was observed that myogenin was continuously expressed in myotubes. in contrast, in myotubes derived from quail primary cells (parent cells of qm-rsv cells), myogenin expression was seen only in the myotubes not having striated structures comprised of myofibrils, but not in myotubes having the structures. the fact that there are not striated structures of myo ... | 1998 | 9669033 |
| respiratory syncytial virus vaccines. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of viral lower respiratory tract illness (lri) in infants and children worldwide and causes significant lri in the elderly and in immunocompromised patients. the goal of rsv vaccination is to prevent serious rsv-associated lri. there are several obstacles to the development of successful rsv vaccines, including the need to immunize very young infants, who may respond inadequately to vaccination; the existence of two antigenically dist ... | 1998 | 9665976 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-induced interleukin-4 production by human conjunctival epithelial cells contributes to allergy: preliminary study. | we previously reported allergic conjunctivitis was associated with a local pattern of cytokines and identified respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in the conjunctival epithelium, in patients with allergic conjunctivitis. we hypothesized that rsv infected the normal conjunctival epithelium and produced interleukin-4 (il-4), causing an allergic reaction. to determine this event, we studied production of il-4 by human conjunctival epithelial cells, after infection with rsv. | 1998 | 9663856 |
| adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in vivo to cerebral blood vessels and perivascular tissue in mice. | gene transfer to cerebral blood vessels has been accomplished in rats and dogs by injection of replication-deficient adenovirus into cerebrospinal fluid. in this study we examined transgene expression after injection of adenovirus into the cerebrospinal fluid of mice. responses were observed in icr mice and c57bl/6 mice, which are outbred and inbred strains, respectively. | 1998 | 9660397 |
| role of the transcription start site core region and transcription factor yy1 in rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat promoter activity. | the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) long terminal repeat (ltr) contains a transcriptionally potent enhancer and promoter that functions in a variety of cell types. previous studies have identified the viral sequences required for enhancer activity, and characterization of these elements has provided insight into the mechanism of rsv transcriptional activity. the objective of this study was to better define the rsv ltr promoter by examining the transcription start site core (tssc) region. deletion of th ... | 1998 | 9658104 |
| human t-cell leukemia virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (rt) originates from the pro and pol open reading frames and requires the presence of rt-rnase h (rh) and rt-rh-integrase proteins for its activity. | the first description of an active form of a recombinant human t-cell leukemia virus type 1 (htlv-1) reverse transcriptase (rt) and subsequent predictions of its amino acid sequence and quaternary structure are reported here. by using amino acid alignment methods, the nh2 and cooh termini of the rt, rnase h (rh), and integrase (in) domains of the pol polyprotein were determined. the htlv-1 rt seems to be unique since its nh2 terminus is probably encoded by the pro open reading frame (orf) fused ... | 1998 | 9658093 |
| eosinophil cationic protein/rnase 3 is another rnase a-family ribonuclease with direct antiviral activity. | eosinophil cationic protein (ecp) is one of two rnase a-superfamily ribonucleases found in secretory granules of human eosinophilic leukocytes. although the physiologic function of eosinophils [and thus of the two eosinophil ribonucleases, ecp and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (edn)] remains controversial, we have recently shown that isolated human eosinophils promote ribonuclease-dependent toxicity toward extracellular virions of the single-stranded rna virus, respiratory syncytial virus, group ... | 1998 | 9649619 |
| acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus among hospitalized children from argentina. | acute lower respiratory infection (alri) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in small children. | 1998 | 9645999 |
| the effects of virus-specific antibodies on the replication of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in vitro and on clinical disease and immune responses in lambs. | low concentrations of antibodies, specific to human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) have been shown to enhance virus replication in human monocytic cell lines by several workers. in the present study, replication of bovine rsv in ovine peripheral blood monocytes was shown to be enhanced in the presence of low concentration of bovine rsv-specific antibodies. antibodies had no enhancing effect on virus replication in secondary lamb testis cells or monocytic cell lines derived from peripheral blo ... | 1998 | 9643456 |
| [relationship between human parvovirus b19 infection and spontaneous abortion]. | to determine whether there is a relationship between parvovirus b19 infection and spontaneous abortion. | 1997 | 9639755 |
| cytokine expression in pulmonary and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from calves infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | the possible involvement of cytokines in the acute viral pneumonia induced by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection was studied in calves. the patterns of cytokine mrna expression in mononuclear cells (mnc) isolated from the lung and peripheral blood of six gnotobiotic calves infected seven days previously with bovine rsv were analysed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction using primers specific for bovine cytokines. the pattern of cytokines detected indicated a mixed type of ... | 1998 | 9625474 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in tropical and developing countries. | little is known about the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in tropical and developing countries; the data currently available have been reviewed. in most studies, rsv was found to be the predominant viral cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections (alri) in childhood, being responsible for 27-96% of hospitalised cases (mean 65%) in which a virus was found. rsv infection is seasonal in most countries; outbreaks occur most frequently in the cold season in areas wi ... | 1998 | 9623927 |
| identification of the respiratory syncytial virus proteins required for formation and passage of helper-dependent infectious particles. | we developed a system to identify the viral proteins required for the packaging and passage of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) by reconstructing these events with cdna-encoded components. plasmids encoding individual rsv proteins, each under the control of a t7 promoter, were cotransfected in various combinations together with a plasmid containing a minigenome into cells infected with a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing t7 rna polymerase. supernatants from these cells were passaged o ... | 1998 | 9621029 |
| persistent activation of rela by respiratory syncytial virus involves protein kinase c, underphosphorylated ikappabbeta, and sequestration of protein phosphatase 2a by the viral phosphoprotein. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) activated the rela (p65) subunit of nuclear factor kappa b (nf-kappab) over many hours postinfection. the initial activation coincided with phosphorylation and degradation of ikappabalpha, the cytoplasmic inhibitor of rela. during persistent activation of nf-kappab at later times in infection, syntheses of inhibitors ikappabalpha as well as ikappabbeta were restored. however, the resynthesized ikappabbeta was in an underphosphorylated state, which apparently pre ... | 1998 | 9621019 |
| inhibition of terminal differentiation and matrix calcification in cultured avian growth plate chondrocytes by rous sarcoma virus transformation. | endochondral bone formation involves the progression of epiphyseal growth plate chondrocytes through a sequence of developmental stages which include proliferation, differentiation, hypertrophy, and matrix calcification. to study this highly coordinated process, we infected growth plate chondrocytes with rous sarcoma virus (rsv) and studied the effects of rsv transformation on cell proliferation, differentiation, matrix synthesis, and mineralization. the rsv-transformed chondrocytes exhibited a ... | 1998 | 9620171 |
| peripheral blood t and b lymphocyte subpopulations in infants with acute respiratory syncytial virus brochiolitis. | most data concerning immunopathogenetic mechanisms involved in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection are derived from animal studies. in infants with rsv bronchiolitis the target organ i.e. the airway is hard to explore. we looked for specific alterations in peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations in infants hospitalized for rsv bronchiolitis. flow cytometric analysis with a large panel of monoclonals was performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes in thirty-two infants (mean age: 4.9 mon ... | 1997 | 9617780 |
| vaccination against middle-ear bacterial and viral pathogens. | considerable evidence suggests that otitis media (om) can be prevented by systemic immunization. building on the highly effective h. influenzae type b (hib) conjugate vaccine technology, pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are being developed to circumvent t-independence of these antigens and provide durable immunity at a very young age. several pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are currently in clinical testing. potential vaccine antigens of nontypable h. influenzae (nthi) include omp, hmw, pili, and ... | 1997 | 9616694 |