Publications

dapsone-resistant leprosy.		1983	6350775
recent changes in leprosy control.		1983	6350774
evolution of the modern chemotherapy of leprosy.		1983	6350773
immunotherapy and immunoprophylaxis of leprosy.		1983	6350772
recent studies of antileprosy drugs.		1983	6350771
leprosy in wild armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) on the texas gulf coast. ultrastructure of the liver and spleen.	recent studies have established that the "naturally-occurring leprosy-like disease of wild armadillos" is, indeed, caused by mycobacterium leprae indistinguishable from m. leprae from human lepromatous leprosy. the present study reports the ultrastructure of the mycobacteria and host response in deep viscera, liver and spleen, in texas armadillos with sylvatic leprosy. evidence for acid-fast bacillary proliferation in these organs and penetration of hepatocytes is given. acid-fast bacilli concen ...	1983	6350703
leprosy in wild armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) of the texas gulf coast: epidemiology and mycobacteriology.	a significant prevalence of leprosy has been demonstrated in wild louisiana armadillos. the texas gulf coast still has endemic human leprosy, and recent mores in texas have markedly increased armadillo-human contact. armadillos were screened by physical examination, and by ear-snip and slit-scrape technique. animals that screened "positive" were sacrificed and necropsied under aseptic conditions. liver, spleen, gross lesions, and four groups of lymph nodes were cultured for mycobacteria and were ...	1983	6350581
the role of products of the human hla-dr locus (ia molecules) in in vitro m. leprae driven lymphoproliferation.	we analysed the role of ia molecules in t cell activation with m. leprae by using two hybridoma monoclonal antibodies d1-12 and d4-22 with specificity for non-polymorphic isotypes ng-1 and ng-2 respectively on the hlr-dr molecular framework. the results show that the addition of either monoclonal antibody up to 3 days after onset of culture significantly blocks the in vitro m. leprae driven lymphoproliferation. the mechanism of suppression appears to be due to a combination of steric hindrance a ...	1983	6349878
lepromatous leprosy in man; depth of the cellular infiltrate and bacillary mass in relation to the possibility of transmission of leprosy by biting arthropods.	in order to further define the possible role of arthropods in the transmission of leprosy, the depth of the cellular infiltrate and bacillary mass in the skin of patients with untreated lepromatous leprosy was measured, and this was related to the depth of penetration of the mouthparts of some species of arthropods of medical importance. the results confirmed that large numbers of bacilli are readily available to the biting apparatus of several species of arthropods, but not to that of the scabi ...	1983	6349561
[circulating immune complexes in lepromatous leprosy patients].		1983	6349167
a serological test for leprosy with a glycolipid specific for mycobacterium leprae.	a phenolic glycolipid from mycobacterium leprae was purified and used as antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. antibodies directed against the lipid were seen in serums from leprosy patients but not in serums from uninfected controls or patients infected with other mycobacteria, including mycobacterium tuberculosis. the antibody response distinguished between the mycobacterium leprae lipid and the structurally related phenolic glycolipid from mycobacterium kansasii. this assay has con ...	1983	6348948
vaccines against leprosy.		1983	6348414
studies on sulphone resistant strains of m. leprae in field and institutionalized cases of leprosy.	the proportions of dapsone resistant strains of m. leprae in cases from the field and in patient institutionalized for treatment were compared. identification of dapsone resistance was done by mouse-foot-pad experiments carried out in the laboratory in central leprosy teaching and research institute, chengalpattu. a higher percentage of resistance was detected among institutional patients as compared to field cases. the distribution of m.i. ranges of m. leprae in dapsone resistant subjects was n ...	1983	6348413
taxonomic studies on mycobacterium leprae.	m. leprae harvested from livers and spleens of infected armadillos showed close similarity in biochemical characteristics with m. vaccae than with any other cultivable mycobacteria. further more. m. lepraemurium was least similar to m. leprae. thus, m. leprae can be linked with fast-growing groups of acid-fast bacilli, and perhaps most closely with the m. vaccae complex.	1983	6348412
grades of dapsone resistance to mycobacterium leprae (burrowing terminology)		1983	6348411
new developments in the chemotherapy of leprosy.		1983	6348410
leprosy vaccine--a puzzle.		1983	6348409
persistence of mycobacterium leprae in the peripheral nerve.		1983	6347881
leproma of heart--a case report.		1983	6347872
cell-mediated immunity in legionnaires' disease.	previous studies from this laboratory have suggested a role for cell-mediated immunity in host defense against legionella pneumophila. in this paper, cell-mediated immunity to l. pneumophila in patients recovered from legionnaires' disease was studied by examining patient mononuclear cell responses to l. pneumophila antigens. patient mononuclear cells were assayed both for their capacity to respond to l. pneumophila antigens with the production of cytokines that activate monocytes, as measured b ...	1983	6345589
further specific extracellular phenolic glycolipid antigens and a related diacylphthiocerol from mycobacterium leprae.	mycobacterium leprae in infected armadillo tissue produces extracellular phthiocerol-containing lipids in amounts well in excess of the bacterial mass. the principal component (1.38 mg in 1 g of liver, wet weight, containing 3.7 x 10(10) m. leprae bacilli) consists of a mixture of two phthiocerol homologs, 3-methoxyl-4-methyl-9, 11-dihydroxyoctacosane and 3-methoxyl-4-methyl-9, 11-dihydroxytriacontane, (formula: see text); in which the hydroxyl functions are acylated by a mixture of three 'mycoc ...	1983	6345526
alterations in the membrane of macrophages from leprosy patients.	macrophage cultures pulsed with viable mycobacterium leprae were assessed for erythrocyte rosetting in three groups of individuals, i.e., normal subjects, and tuberculoid and lepromatous patients. of these, only the lepromatous group showed a reduction in rosetting ability after infection with m. leprae. the specificity of such a reduction pattern was confirmed by using various mycobacteria to infect the macrophages. a threshold effect was noted in all three groups. although a reduction was obta ...	1983	6345387
nerve damage following intraneural injection of mycobacterium leprae into rabbits pre-sensitized to mycobacteria.	nerve damage is a common feature of leprosy although the mechanism responsible for the damage is not clearly understood. in the tuberculoid end of the leprosy spectrum where both intraneural mycobacterium leprae or their antigens and cell-mediated hypersensitivity to m. leprae co-exist, acute neuritis affecting major nerve trunks can occur during reversal reactions. these reactions are known to be associated with increased hypersensitivity to m. leprae antigens. the nerve involvement is therefor ...	1983	6345041
in vitro proliferative response to m. leprae and ppd of isolated t cell subsets from leprosy patients.	in vitro proliferative response to mycobacterium leprae and ppd to t cell subsets, isolated by selective depletion procedure from peripheral blood using okt4 or okt8 monoclonal antibodies plus complement, was investigated in leprosy patients. whole peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) developed a strong proliferative response to both m. leprae and ppd in most tuberculoid patients. this proliferation was confined to t cells, and concerned predominantly okt4+ cells. both antigens, however, in ...	1983	6345031
an approach to study in vitro the expression of hla-encoded genetic factors predisposing to tuberculoid leprosy.	the existence of hla-encoded genetic factors controlling susceptibility to tuberculoid leprosy in humans has been firmly established. furthermore hla-dr2 has been recognized as a marker for tuberculoid leprosy in india. at this moment, however, the gene products involved and the mechanism by which they confer susceptibility to tuberculoid leprosy remain only speculative. in an attempt to detect in vitro the expression of these hla-encoded factors, we studied 12 tuberculoid leprosy patients and 2 ...	1983	6343507
rapid, radiolabeled-microculture method that uses macrophages for in vitro evaluation of mycobacterium leprae viability and drug susceptibility.	this paper describes a microculture rapid assay using radiolabeling and mouse macrophages to determine the viability and the drug susceptibility or resistance of mycobacterium leprae. comparison of m. leprae resident macrophage cultures maintained in 96-well flat-bottomed plates showed results for viability and susceptibility or resistance to dapsone that were similar to results for concurrent cultures in leighton tubes with greater numbers of bacilli and macrophages.	1983	6343428
effects of treatment with muramyl dipeptide on resistance to mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium marinum infection in mice.	studies were carried out to determine whether treatment of mice with the synthetic adjuvant muramyl dipeptide (mdp) afforded resistance to infection with mycobacterium leprae or m. marinum in mice. regardless of the timing, dose, or route of administration, there was no evidence that treatment with mdp or 3 of its analogs (desmdp, abumdp, valmdp) enhanced resistance to food pad infection with m. leprae or m. marinum. in parallel studies, systemic treatment with propionibacterium acnes failed to ...	1983	6343295
comparison of the immunogenicity of vaccines prepared from viable mycobacterium bovis bcg, heat-killed mycobacterium leprae, and a mixture of the two for normal and m. leprae-tolerant mice.	intradermal vaccines consisting of viable mycobacterium bovis bcg, heat-killed mycobacterium leprae, or mixtures of the two were titrated in mice in doses of 10(5.2), 10(5.8), 10(6.4), 10(7.0), and 10(7.6) acid-fast bacilli. the immune response was measured by sensitization (48 to 72 h foot pad enlargement on challenge with 10(7.0) heat-killed m. leprae) and by protection against infection with a viable m. leprae challenge. there was increasing response with increasing dose of vaccine, and overa ...	1983	6343239
breakdown product of factor b as an index of complement activation in lepromatous leprosy and its relation with bacillary load.	serum complement profile studied in 50 lepromatous leprosy patients with various bacillary loads demonstrated significantly decreased c3 levels in patients with high bacteriological index (2+ to 4+) as compared with those with lesser bacterial load. in contrast, mean serum levels of c1q and c4 components remained unchanged. the concentration of factor b breakdown product (ba) and its ratio to factor b increased with the bacterial density and more so in patients with erythema nodosum leprosum. a ...	1983	6342123
dissociation between allergy and immunity in mycobacterial infections.		1983	6341738
identification of components of ic purified from human sera. ii. demonstration of mycobacterial antigens in immune complexes isolated from sera of lepromatous patients.	immune complexes have been purified from sera of patients with lepromatous leprosy, using solid phase conglutinin and analysed by sds-page. some of their components have been immunologically identified after electrophoretic blotting on nitrocellulose. first, immunoglobulins, complement components (c1q, c1s, c3) and crp were found in ic. secondly, one mycobacterial antigen of 67 kd was directly identified in ic while two other components (20 kd and 14.4 kd) of possible m. leprae origin were also ...	1983	6340869
mycobacterium leprae infection in nude mice: bacteriological and histological responses to primary infection and large inocula.	previous studies have demonstrated that congenitally athymic, nude mice are highly susceptible to infection with mycobacterium leprae. in this study, we showed that footpad inoculation of nude mice with different inoculum sizes of m. leprae resulted in exponential growth of bacilli until bacillary numbers reached approximately 10(10) bacilli per footpad. there was dissemination of the infection from approximately 10 months after inoculation. when nude mice were compared with thymectomized and ir ...	1983	6339392
hla and susceptibility to leprosy.	this review examines the evidence for involvement of mhc-associated factors in host immune response to mycobacterium leprae, by collating hla studies of sporadic and familial leprosy and discussing possible hla-related immunological mechanisms in determining host response. formal linkage analysis of 109 multiple-case families with data available for hla haplotype segregation showed that under a three-allele recessive model for susceptibility to leprosy, linkage was observed between the hla compl ...	1983	6339369
inhibitory activity and mode of action of diaminodiphenylsulfone in cell-free folate-synthesizing systems prepared from mycobacterium lufu and mycobacterium leprae. a comparison.	cell-free folate synthesizing extracts have been isolated from escherichia coli, mycobacterium lufu, mycobacterium smegmatis (atcc 607) and mycobacterium leprae, and the inhibitory power of diaminodiphenylsulfone (dds) in such cell-free systems on the synthesis of dihydropteroic acid has been determined. m. lufu and m. leprae extracts show very similar high sensitivities against dds. mode of action studies seem to indicate that the observed high sensitivity of m. lufu and m. leprae as compared t ...	1983	6339181
oral lesions in borderline and reactional tuberculoid leprosy.	thirty patients, fifteen with borderline and fifteen with reactional tuberculoid leprosy, were submitted to clinical and histopathologic studies of the buccal mucosa for detection of specific lesions. five reactional tuberculoid and eight borderline patients presented specific conditions characterized by chronic granulomatous lesions with bacilli, chronic granulomatous lesions without bacilli, and nonspecific chronic inflammatory lesions with bacilli. the infiltrate had small extension, low bact ...	1983	6338440
immunohistological studies of skin biopsies from patients with lepromatous leprosy.	forty-six skin biopsies from lepromatous leprosy patients were examined for immunoglobulin and complement deposits as well as mycobacterial antigens. rabbit anti-human immunoglobulin, rabbit anti-human c3, and rabbit anti-mycobacterium bovis (bcg) were used as the primary antigen-detecting antibodies in a peroxidase antiperoxidase technique. of the 26 biopsies from active erythema nodosum leprosum lesions, 6 were positive for immunoglobulin or complement deposits. these deposits were found in th ...	1983	6338025
analysis of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte series in experimental mycobacterial granulomas by monoclonal antibodies.	two distinct types of granulomas were produced in the draining lymph nodes by immunizing guinea pigs with mycobacterium bovis bcg or mycobacterium leprae, as reported earlier (narayanan et al., j. pathol. 134:253-265, 1981). in the bcg-induced granuloma there is successful containment, killing, and degradation of the organisms with the presence of epithelioid cells and fibrosis. m. leprae, on the other hand, induces a granuloma where there is an absence of organization of the cells, failure to c ...	1983	6337100
toxic effect of the peroxidase-hydrogen peroxide-halide antimicrobial system on mycobacterium leprae.	mycobacterium leprae are killed by myeloperoxidase (or eosinophil peroxidase), h2o2, and a halide, thus suggesting a mechanism for their destruction by peroxidase-containing phagocytes.	1984	6325350
neuropathies in hansen's disease.		1983	6323330
electron microscopic observations of intracytoplasmic inclusions in human and murine leprosy bacilli.	the intracytoplasmic inclusions of mycobacterium leprae in human lepromata and m. lepraemurium in murine lepromata were studied in ultrathin serial sections at the electron microscopic level. the inclusions were mostly homogeneous and spherical, and did not exist uniformly throughout the bacillary cells. they did not appear to be delimited by membranous structures and apparently had no internal structure. there seemed to be fundamentally little difference between m. leprae and m. lepraemurium in ...	1983	6305856
lysozyme and angiotensin converting enzyme levels in experimental mycobacterial granulomas.	a study has been made on mycobacterial-induced granulomas in guinea-pig lymph nodes. lysozyme and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) were measured in the auricular lymph nodes and serum of guinea-pigs which had received live bcg (pasteur) or cobalt (co)-irradiated armadillo-derived mycobacterium leprae intradermally into the ear or dinitrofluorobenzene (dnfb) painted epicutaneously upon the ears. in the lymph nodes with granulomas induced by either live bcg or killed m. leprae, the mean concent ...	1983	6298393
nerve abscess in lepromatous leprosy.		1982	6285081
intra-neural ceroid-like pigment following the treatment of lepromatous leprosy with clofazimine (b663; lamprene).	a 33 year old male nigerian presented with widespread involvement of peripheral nerves, several of which were tender and painful. nerve biopsies confirmed the presence of mycobacterium leprae in both endoneurial and perineurial areas, mainly in foamy macrophages (virchow cells), but there were also large accumulations of an amorphous, acid-fast and alcohol-fast material which was not obviously of bacterial origin. appropriate stains indicated that this had many characteristics of lipofuscin. alt ...	1981	6260900
leprosy vaccine.		1984	6242878
[symposium on mechanisms of host defense from fundamental and clinical medicine. 5. genetic control of immune response in humans and its clinical significance].		1984	6241938
[control of leprosy].		1984	6238608
hla-d identity in a family with multiple cases of multibacillary leprosy.		1984	6231441
cultivation of mycobacterium x from mycobacterium leprae-infected tissues in propane-tetradecane-humic acid medium.		1984	6231260
investigations related to the development of a leprosy vaccine.		1983	6231259
exochelin-mediated iron uptake into mycobacterium leprae.	iron chelated to the exochelins from mycobacterium neoaurum was taken up by a suspension of m. leprae, prepared from the liver of an infected armadillo, over 15 hr. no uptake occurred when the iron was chelated with exochelins from m. bovis bcg or m. smegmatis or to a single exochelin from m. vaccae. uptake appeared to be by facilitated diffusion since it was not inhibited by either hgcl2, nan3, or 2,4-dinitrophenol. this was similar to the mode of uptake of ferriexochelin into m. neoaurum itsel ...	1983	6231257
the growth of mycobacterium leprae in nude mice.		1983	6230496
immunological aspects of human leprosy.		1983	6230487
suppressor cell activity and phenotypes in the blood or tissues of patients with leprosy.	suppressor cell activity has been demonstrated in the peripheral blood of patients with leprosy. cells bearing the suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype have been enumerated in both peripheral blood and tissues, and microanatomical differences in tissue distribution have been observed. this first generation of studies has been characterized by considerable disagreement, a not unusual circumstance in the study of leprosy. in the case of blood suppressor cell activity, there appears to be no doubt as to ...	1983	6228349
early events in the host-parasite relationship and immune response in clinical leprosy: its possible importance for leprosy control.		1983	6228348
mechanisms of t-cell unresponsiveness in leprosy.	we analysed the mechanisms of t-cell unresponsiveness to mycobacterium leprae antigens and to unrelated antigens or t-cell mitogens in human leprosy and in an experimental model of murine infection by m. lepraemurium (mlm). in human leprosy, monoclonal antibodies okt3, okt4 and okt8 were used to enumerate t-cell subpopulations within peripheral blood. increased percentages of okt8+ cytotoxic/suppressor cells were observed in untreated, non-reactional lepromatous patients. conversely, lepromatous ...	1983	6226239
reactions in leprosy.		1983	6224993
immunology of human leprosy--current status.		1983	6224992
mechanism of immunosuppression in leprosy: presence of suppressor factor(s) from macrophages of lepromatous patients.	human peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation induced by mycobacterium leprae could be inhibited by the suppressor factor in the lysate of the macrophages of lepromatous leprosy patients. macrophages from normal subjects and tuberculoid patients did not show production of a suppressor factor. inhibition occurred only when the factor was present in the initial stages of lymphocyte culture. the factor is heat stable and nondialyzable. proliferation induced by some mycobacteria and concanav ...	1983	6221997
the epidemiological evaluation, in burma, of the skin test reagent lra6; a cell-free extract from armadillo-derived mycobacterium leprae. part 2: close contacts and non-contacts of bacilliferous leprosy patients.		1982	6220987
the epidemiological evaluation, in burma, of the skin test reagent lra6; a cell-free extract from armadillo-derived mycobacterium leprae. part 1: leprosy patients.		1982	6220986
the cutaneous infiltrates of leprosy: cellular characteristics and the predominant t-cell phenotypes.	we report on the characteristics of cells in the cutaneous lesions and blood of 21 patients with lepromatous, tuberculoid, and intermediate forms of leprosy. a large proportion of the infiltrates in lepromatous lesions consist of macrophages heavily parasitized with mycobacterium leprae. the t cells in the lesions are devoid of okt4/leu 3a-positive ("helper") cells and consist almost exclusively of okt8/leu 2a-positive ("suppressor") populations. in contrast, the tuberculoid infiltrates contain ...	1982	6216407
imbalances in t cell subpopulations in lepromatous leprosy.	circulating t cells, t helper, and t suppressor cells were investigated in 24 lepromatous patients, using murine hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibodies okt 3, okt 4, and okt 8. six bacillary lepromatous patients without recent enl were studied; in this group, suppressor cells were increased and helper cells diminished, resulting in a decrease in the helper/suppressor (h/s) ratio. nine bacteriologically negative lepromatous patients without recent enl were studied. t cell subsets distribution wa ...	1982	6216219
defect in the generation of cytotoxic t cells in lepromatous leprosy.	cytotoxic t cells are consistently produced in normal individuals after in vitro stimulation by a pool of mitomycin-treated normal lymphocytes. patients suffering from lepromatous leprosy (ll), presenting with large amounts of mycobacterium leprae and without a history of erythema nodosum leprosum (enl) are unable to generate such cytotoxic t cells, while lepromatous patients with enl which, in the present study were all deprived of m. leprae, react normally.	1982	6214342
[staining methods used in the identification of mycobacterium leprae. historical review].		1984	6209782
immunological unresponsiveness in leprosy.	the various forms of leprosy form a clinical and immunological spectrum which offers extraordinary possibilities for insight into immunoregulatory mechanisms in man. at one pole, tuberculoid leprosy, patients develop high levels of cell-mediated immunity which ultimately results in killing of bacilli in the tissues, albeit often with damage to nerves. at the lepromatous pole, patients exhibit selective immunological unresponsiveness to antigens of m. leprae. even though all currently known prote ...	1984	6208143
use of an artificial antigen containing the 3,6-di-o-methyl-beta-d-glucopyranosyl epitope for the serodiagnosis of leprosy.	the coupling of synthetic 3,6-di-o-methyl-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-2,3-di-o-methyl-alpha-l -rhamnopyranose, the hapten determinant of phenolic glycolipid i from mycobacterium leprae, to bovine serum albumin (bsa) by reductive amination produced the antigen epsilon-n-1-[1-deoxy-2,3-di-o-methyl-4-o-(3',6'-di-o-methyl-beta -d-glucopyranosyl)-rhamnitol]-lysyl-bsa, which proved highly sensitive in elisa and showed good concordance with the native glycolipid in analysis of serum samples from 223 ...	1984	6207246
skin testing with mycobacterial reagents in leprosy.		1984	6203199
staining tissue-derived mycobacterium leprae with fluorescein diacetate and ethidium bromide.	a fluorescent staining procedure incorporating the use of fluorescein diacetate (fda) and ethidium bromide (eb) has previously been shown to accurately measure the viability of saprophytic mycobacterial cells. green-stained cells were shown to be viable and red-stained cells, dead. staining mycobacterium leprae cells with fda/eb, however, was complicated by interfering tissue components which masked the presence of stained bacteria. a petroleum ether separation technique enables m. leprae to be ...	1984	6202650
analysis of the major antigenic determinants of the characteristic phenolic glycolipid from mycobacterium leprae.	antibodies to the major phenolic glycolipid purified from mycobacterium leprae have been demonstrated previously in sera of leprosy but not tuberculosis patients using an elisa. the major antigenic determinants on this molecule were investigated using antisera raised in rabbits to the purified glycolipid and with a pool of sera from human lepromatous leprosy patients. a small, but significant cross-reaction was observed with the glycolipids from m. bovis and m. kansasii, which contain the phenol ...	1984	6201310
enumeration of purified suspensions of mycobacterium leprae.	previously described methods of counting noncultivable bacteria have a number of drawbacks including unpredictable variation due to differential staining, low reproducibility between replicate sample smears, and inexact estimations of the bacillary population due to the non-normal distribution of bacilli across the counting field. a simple method is described which minimizes the disadvantages of previous methods and allows the application of a stratified sample technique which improves the accur ...	1984	6200451
serodiagnosis of infection with mycobacterium leprae.		1983	6200450
acid-fast bacilli on buffy coat smears in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a lesson from hansen's bacillus.	a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was found to have a continuous bacillemia of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare by examination of kinyoun-stained buffy coat smears. there were 29 cells/cu mm that contained acid-fast bacilli (afb) and 1.5 x 10(5) afb/ml of whole blood. the cells of the reticuloendothelial system were engorged with afb, suggesting reticuloendothelial saturation. the peripheral blood involvement and magnitude of the mycobacterial burden are analogous to lepros ...	1984	6199851
a serological test for leprosy based on competitive inhibition of monoclonal antibody binding to the my2a determinant of mycobacterium leprae.	a novel serological assay for leprosy has been devised on the basis of serum inhibition of binding of 125i-labelled ml04 monoclonal antibody to mycobacterium leprae sonicate-coated microtitre plates. antibodies were detected in 93% of lepromatous leprosy patients, whereas controls from the endemic area, including leprosy contacts and patients with tuberculosis, were serologically negative. the specificity and efficacy of the test may offer an advantage over previously used techniques.	1983	6198787
[modification of the basic stain of the ziehl-neelsen technic in the identification of mycobacterium leprae].	authors analyse the counterstain with methylene blue solution in the usual ziehl-neelsen method. considerations are made on the characteristics of the dye substance. a technique alteration is proposed: a "concomitant alkalization" of the classic aqueous methylene blue solution, by adding some drops of sodium hydroxide solution, 1:500, on the slide at the moment of the staining. by this technique it was observed: a) a larger validity period of the solution; b) an absence of precipitate in the sli ...	1982	6198275
[stain behavior of mycobacterium leprae. a historical review].		1983	6197746
growth of mycobacterium leprae in a redox system.	mycobacteria recovered from human lepromatous nodules and presumably m. leprae, have been grown in a medium that ensured a minimal oxygen tension at initiation of growth, and an increasing availability of oxygen as bacillary growth increased requiring marginal increments in oxygen tension. this physicochemical environment was achieved by the addition of strong biological reductants in the medium, and a combination of partial vacuum and alkaline pyrogallol in the culture vessel. in addition, n-te ...	1983	6197589
the chemotherapy of leprosy.		1983	6195695
effect of pyridine extraction on the acid fastness of mycobacteria.	the effect of pyridine extraction on mycobacterial acid-fastness has been studied using m. leprae and some cultivable mycobacteria. the results revealed that not only m. leprae but some other mycobacteria, notably, m. vaccae and m. phlei also lose their acid-fastness when extracted with fresh pyridine for 2 hours at room temperature. the implication of these findings is discussed.	1983	6195453
characterization and functional studies of the murine t-lymphocyte response to mycobacterium leprae antigen.	mice were immunized with mycobacterium leprae in incomplete freund's adjuvant, and sensitized lymphocytes were obtained from draining lymph nodes. the lymphocytes thus obtained proliferated specifically in vitro in the presence of m. leprae antigen, and this response was shown to be both t-cell and macrophage dependent. t-cell blasts generated in vitro in response to m. leprae antigen were grown in the presence of interleukin-2 (il-2). the proliferative response of these blasts to m. leprae anti ...	1983	6194557
the degradation of mycobacterium leprae by a comparison of its staining properties.	the disintegration of mycobacterium leprae is revealed by a study of its acid-fast component, its non-acid-fast cell walls using methenamine silver, and its bcg-positive cytoplasmic component. solid bacilli stain by the three stain techniques used to identify these products, but the bcg component is demonstrated only with difficulty and appears granular. degradation of m. leprae is fairly rapid in bt, bb, and bl, and clearance of bacillary products occurs almost simultaneously because of the des ...	1983	6194126
bacteriology of mycobacterium leprae.		1983	6193386
serological specificity of phenolic glycolipid i from mycobacterium leprae and use in serodiagnosis of leprosy.	the serological activities of the specific phenolic glycolipid i from mycobacterium leprae, its dissected parts, and related glycolipids from other mycobacteria were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against hyperimmune anti-m. leprae rabbit antiserum and sera from patients with leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases. high anti-phenolic glycolipid i immunoglobulin m antibodies were found in 23 of 24 (96%) of lepromatous leprosy patients on short term chemotherapy and in 8 of 13 tub ...	1983	6193065
definition of species specific and cross-reactive antigenic determinants of mycobacterium leprae using monoclonal antibodies.	four soluble antigens of mycobacterium leprae have been identified using 12 murine monoclonal antibodies. their specificity, taxonomic distribution and molecular nature were analysed by radioimmunoassays and by immunoblotting from polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels. a protein antigen my1 (12k) reacted with one antibody (ml06) without demonstrable cross-reactivity for any of the other 20 tested species of mycobacteria. another four antibodies which identified antigen my2 revealed only a marginal ...	1983	6191891
comparison of the cytoplasmic antigens of leprosy-derived corynebacteria and some mycobacteria.	the immunological relationship between leprosy-derived corynebacteria (ldc) and reference mycobacteria was analysed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis with intermediate gel. for this purpose, three reference systems (ldc15/anti-ldc15, ldc18/anti-ldc8, and ldc8/anti-ldc8) were developed. they showed 15 to 20 distinct antigenic components in ldc cytoplasm. extensive cross-reactivity was observed among different ldc isolates, affecting 3 to 17 components. moreover, several components were shown to cr ...	1983	6191381
treatment of sulphone resistant leprosy--a review of sixty one cases.		1982	6191123
composite skin contact smears in multibacillary leprosy patients.	"composite skin contact smears" technique was used in 20 multibacillary leprosy patients to find out the presence of afb on their intact skin. one hundred and twenty one afb were found in 930 sq.cm. area of skin surface examined. seventy-five afb were solidly staining and 46 were granular. the bacilli were found in all the sites examined. immunofluorescent staining showed m. leprae in one out of four patients. the number of bacilli discharged from the intact skin seems adequate for the transmiss ...	1982	6191122
in vitro induction of human suppressor t cells by mycobacterial antigens. bcg activated okt4+ cells mediate suppression of antigen induced t cell proliferation.	peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc), obtained from bcg vaccinated healthy donors, were induced to proliferation by bcg for five days in vitro. when re-exposed to bcg, they failed to proliferate. however, they partially retained the ability to respond to con a and allogeneic cells. the addition of graded numbers of such cultured cells to fresh autologous pbmc suppressed their proliferative response to bcg. these suppressor cells could also inhibit the proliferation of fresh cells to other m ...	1983	6190596
effect of purified protein derivative and sonicates of mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium bovis bcg on thromboplastin response in human monocytes in vitro.	human monocytes isolated from peripheral blood responded with increased thromboplastin expression upon stimulation in vitro with three mycobacterial antigens: tuberculin purified protein derivative and sonicates of mycobacterium bovis bcg and mycobacterium leprae. the stimulating principle of mycobacteria is probably a cell wall constituent since crude extracts of cell walls were 2.5 to 25 times more potent in stimulating thromboplastin synthesis than were whole sonicates. this thromboplastin re ...	1982	6185426
[variants of the del río hortega ammoniacal silver carbonate metallic impregnation technic with special application to i: melanin and amastigotes of trypanosoma cruzi; ii: basal membranes; iii: fungi and hansen's bacilli].		1980	6184756
lack of correlation between morphological index and viability as assessed by the uptake of 3h-thymidine by macrophage resident m. leprae.	thirty strains of m. leprae derived from skin biopsies of lepromatous leprosy patients were scored for morphological index (mi) and concurrently maintained for 2 weeks in macrophage cultures containing 3h thymidine. selective and significant incorporation of the radioactive label was observed in cultures containing freshly extracted m. leprae as compared to control cultures with autoclaved bacilli from the same biopsy. the percentage incorporation of 3h thymidine ranged from 103 to 1140%. morpho ...	1982	6184544
structure and antigenicity of the major specific glycolipid antigen of mycobacterium leprae.	earlier we reported on the presence of a specific phenolic glycolipid (phenolic glycolipid-i) in mycobacterium leprae, and in infected armadillo tissues (hunter, s. w., and brennan, p. j. (1981) j. bacteriol. 147, 728-735). it had an inherent oligosaccharide, composed of 3-o-me-rhamnose, 2,3-di-o-me-rhamnose, and 3,6-di-o-me-glucose, glycosidically linked to the phenol substituent. the structure of the oligosaccharide has now been determined, by partial acid hydrolysis, permethylation, 1h nmr, a ...	1982	6184369
sds-page analysis of m. leprae protein antigens reacting with antibodies from sera from lepromatous patients and infected armadillos.	studies have been conducted to characterize m. leprae bacilli derived from infected armadillos. first, the proteins of the mycobacterial extracts were fractionated by sds-page. subsequently, the proteins in the gel were electrophoretically transferred on a strip of nitrocellulose paper by the technique of 'electrophoretic blotting'. the separated bacterial protein bands, thus immobilized on the nitrocellulose paper were made to react immunologically with sera from the lepromatous patients, infec ...	1982	6184189
t-cell-dependent polyclonal activation by soluble mycobacterial extracts of b cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations from leprosy patients and normal donors.	soluble extracts of ultrasonically disrupted mycobacteria (including mycobacterium leprae) cause strong t-cell-dependent, cyclosporin a-sensitive, polyclonal b-cell activation, in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell preparations. it is not enhanced by cortisol. cells from cases of lepromatous leprosy show no polyclonal b-cell activation in the presence of extracts of m. leprae, although they respond normally to other mycobacterial species. the polyclonal b-cell activation response to the m. ...	1982	6183191
in vitro stimulation of lymphocytes in leprosy patients, healthy contacts of leprosy patients, and subjects not exposed to leprosy. comparison of an antigen fraction prepared from mycobacterium leprae and tuberculin-purified protein derivative.	in vitro lymphocyte stimulation was performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes from 48 leprosy patients, 15 healthy contacts of leprosy patients, and 16 normal controls who lived in a leprosy-free area and who had not been exposed to leprosy. tuberculin ppd and an antigen fraction. mlw 1, prepared from m. leprae, were used as stimulants. the mlw 1 preparation contained one antibody-precipitable component when tested in crossed immunoelectrophoresis against a polyvalent anti-m. leprae immunoglobul ...	1982	6182610
a fluorescent staining procedure for determining the viability of mycobacterial cells.	a fluorescent staining procedure has been developed which rapidly, accurately, and economically measures the viability of mycobacterial cells. m. smegmatis and m. phlei have served as prototype organisms to establish conditions which ensure optimal staining. the staining method incorporates the use of the fatty acid ester fluorescein diacetate (fda) and ethidium bromide (eb). non-polar, non-fluorescent fda enters live cells where it is enzymatically hydrolyzed by acetylesterase to polar, fluores ...	1982	6180992
taxonomy of mycobacterium leprae and m. lepraemurium.		1982	6180670
comparative ultrastructure of mycobacterium leprae and m. avium grown in experimental hosts.		1982	6180669
production and partial characterization of monoclonal antibodies to mycobacterium leprae.	monoclonal antibodies to mycobacterium leprae were produced by the fusion of balb/c splenocytes and lymph node cells to balb/c myeloma (nsi/1) cells. eleven monoclonal antibodies were characterized as to their reactivity with m. leprae and 18 other mycobacterial species by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence. two monoclonal antibodies reacted only with m. leprae, and the other nine showed unique patterns of reactivity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. one monoclonal anti ...	1982	6179876
studies on the defect in cell-mediated immunity in lepromatous leprosy using hla-d-identical siblings. absence of circulating suppressor cells and evidence that the defect is in the t-lymphocyte, rather than the monocyte, population.	sixteen healthy siblings were identified as hla-d-identical to 12 borderline lepromatous or polar lepromatous leprosy patients by the absence of a mixed lymphocyte reaction (mlr). the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbm) of the healthy siblings showed a lymphoproliferative response (delta cpm) to mycobacterium leprae antigens which was about fivefold or more greater than that of the lepromatous patients. lepromatous pbm, with or without mitomycin c treatment, were co-cultured with a constant ...	1982	6176016
comparison of 22 species of mycobacteria by immunodiffusion against an absorbed reference leprosy serum.	lithium acetate antigenic extracts of 22 species of acetone-treated mycobacteria were tested by immunodiffusion precipitation for reactivity with a pool of sera from treated lepromatous leprosy patients (arls). this arls had been adsorbed with m. bovis (bcg, m. vaccae, cardiolipin, and lecithin to make it specific for m. leprae when used in an indirect immunofluorescence test. the arls produced two precipitin lines with m. leprae extract, one of which formed a line of identity with extracts of m ...	1981	6172393