Publications

involvement of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the pathogenesis of activated macrophage-mediated hepatitis in mice.	the possible involvement of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the pathogenesis of an experimentally induced hepatitis was investigated. balb/c mice were primed with propionibacterium acnes to induce the infiltration of mononuclear cells into the liver. immunohistochemical study showed that most of the accumulated mononuclear cells at 7 days were mac-2 positive, suggesting that they were activated macrophages. an injection of lipopolysaccharide resulted in massive hepatic necrosis and high mortality ...	1990	2379780
[histochemical study of proliferating cells in the spleen in mice with acute hepatic injury].	when heat-killed propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) and lipopolysaccharide (lps) were injected into mice, liver cell necrosis with infiltrating neutrophils and macrophages were induced. proliferating cells in the spleen were histochemically investigated. p. acnes injection rapidly produced hyperplasia of neutrophils and macrophages in the red pulp of the spleen. the proportion of bromodeoxyuridine positive cells reached a peak at 5 days after injection of p. acnes. these results indicate that pr ...	1990	2376907
bacteria from solid tumours.	bacteria were grown from 63 (69%) of 91 specimens from necrotic tumours in 63 patients. of the tumours, 14 were abdominal, 5 pelvic, 23 of the head and neck, 4 of the lungs, 4 mediastinal, 2 lymphatic, 3 of the breast, and 8 were miscellaneous. aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria only were present in 12 (19%) specimens, anaerobes only in 10 (16%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in 41 (65%). a total of 83 anaerobic and 47 aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria were isolate ...	1990	2374159
vaccination of humans against cutaneous leishmaniasis: cellular and humoral immune responses.	brazilian army conscripts were vaccinated against american cutaneous leishmaniasis by using nonliving polyvalent promastigote leish vaccine 5 or leish vaccine 6 (vaccines with five or six leishmania stocks) with or without corynebacterium parvum. no statistically significant differences in lymphocyte stimulation indices were found between vaccinated groups with or without c. parvum, but lymphocyte stimulation indices of all vaccinees were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than those of th ...	1990	2365458
effector phenotype and immunologic specificity of t-cell-mediated adoptive therapy for a murine tumor that lacks intrinsic immunogenicity.	the mca 102 sarcoma has been defined by a variety of immunologic studies as a tumor lacking intrinsic immunogenicity. nevertheless, we have recently demonstrated the feasibility of generating therapeutically effective lymphocytes for adoptive immunotherapy of this tumor. procedures to achieve this required in vivo priming of syngeneic mice to elicit preeffector cells followed by in vitro sensitization (ivs) with tumor cells in the presence of il-2. by selective depletion of t cell subsets in viv ...	1990	2364440
[comparative study of the bacterial flora in both uterocervical and uterine regions].	the relationship between indigenous bacterial floras in the lower genitals and the uterocervical region is of importance due to a barrier-like role against ascending infections through the mechanism of the localized protection at a boundary of the uterocervical region. therefore, bacterial flora in the uterocervical and uterine regions was studied in cases for which gynecological operations were performed (n = 77). 1. ratios of incidences of the detection of bacteria on the uterocervical and in ...	1990	2362354
the interaction of naegleria fowleri amoebae with murine macrophage cell lines.	the present study was undertaken to determine whether murine macrophage cell lines exhibited in vitro amoebicidal activity comparable to that elicited by activated murine peritoneal macrophages. peritoneal macrophages activated in vivo by bacillus calmette-guérin or propionibacterium acnes demonstrated significant cytolysis of naegleria fowleri amoebae. the macrophage cell line raw264.7 also effected cytolysis of amoebae, but to a lesser extent than that elicited by activated peritoneal macropha ...	1990	2359044
enhanced tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 in an experimental model of massive liver cell necrosis/fatal hepatitis in mice.	studies were conducted to investigate possible roles of tumor necrosis factor (tnf) and interleukin-1 (il-1) in liver cell necrosis/fatal hepatitis in mice which were injected with propionibacterium acnes (p.acnes) and subsequently 7 days later with a small dose of lipopolysaccharide-endotoxin (lps). higher serum levels of tnf were observed in the model, and enhanced production of both tnf and il-1 was also found in hepatic as well as splenic adherent cells that were isolated from mice pretreate ...	1990	2358165
propionibacterium acnes in a spondylitis with palmoplantar pustulosis.		1990	2344218
[monitoring natural killer cell activity in the blood of patients with malignant pleural effusion after intrapleural administration of corynebacterium parvum].	in a group of 14 patients with a malignant pleural effusion treated by intrapleural administration of corynebacterium parvum, in addition to other treatment of the generalized malignant process the activity of nk cells was investigated before administration, on the 7th and 21st day after instillation of the vaccine. the mean rise of this activity was significant at the 5% level of significance. the activity of nk cells was equally significantly influenced by age. the survival of patients, althou ...	1990	2340567
propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis two years after extracapsular cataract extraction.		1990	2333931
peripheral teflon catheters. potential source for bacterial contamination of orthopedic implants?	to detect low numbers of bacterial cells on teflon catheters removed from peripheral veins, 74 catheter tips were incubated in thioglycollate media for up to ten days. fifteen (20.3%) of the catheters were found to be culture-positive. propionibacterium acnes was isolated from seven, staphylococcus epidermidis from six, and staphylococcus haemolyticus and staphylococcus hominis from one each, all common skin organisms associated with infection of implants. an increase in documentation of bacteri ...	1990	2323139
propionibacterium acnes orbital abscess.		1990	2322146
dorsal midbrain encephalitis caused by propionibacterium acnes. report of two cases.	a syndrome of dorsal midbrain dysfunction in association with a central nervous system anaerobic diphtheroid infection is described. two cases of infection with propionibacterium acnes manifested as shunt malfunctions with a clinical dorsal midbrain syndrome. magnetic resonance images showed increased signal in the midbrain tectum which has decreased slowly over time. the evidence suggesting that this syndrome represents bacterial midbrain encephalitis is discussed.	1990	2319325
diagnosis and treatment of chronic postoperative bacterial endophthalmitis.	bacterial endophthalmitis has been recognized as a significant cause of chronic, delayed-onset inflammation following extracapsular cataract extraction (ecce) with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. the diagnosis of chronic postoperative bacterial endophthalmitis should be suspected in any case of chronic, refractory inflammation following ecce. although successful treatment may require surgical intervention in some cases, others may respond to antibiotic therapy alone.	1990	2313707
lethality of morphine in mice infected with toxoplasma gondii.	opiates modulate a variety of immune responses. we investigated the effect of morphine on the pathogenesis of an acute toxoplasma gondii infection. repeated s.c. injections with morphine sulfate (300 mg/kg) every 36 hr addicted mice and increased markedly the mortality of mice infected with an avirulent strain of t. gondii (86%) vs. 0% mortality in addicted and control mice, respectively, p less than .001). however, a single challenge with morphine (300 mg/kg) also markedly (p less than .001) in ...	1990	2313590
malignant pleural effusions: meaning of pleural-fluid ph determination.	in 36 patients with malignant pleural effusions, we determined the ph and the glucose concentration of the pleural fluid. twenty-one of 36 patients (58.3%) had a low ph (less than 7.30) and 15 had a normal ph (greater than or equal to 7.30; 7.13 +/- 0.12 vs. 7.37 +/- 0.05; p less than 0.0005). the patients with low ph had significantly lower glucose concentrations than those with normal ph (2.7 +/- 1.4 vs. 6.3 +/- 2.9 mmol/l; p less than 0.0005). twenty-one of 34 patients (61.7%) had a glucose c ...	1990	2300387
[torpid endophthalmitis in pseudophakia: diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. apropos of 4 cases].	the authors report four cases of chronic endophthalmitis following extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation in the posterior chamber. the first attack of intraocular inflammation occurred in the form of recurrent iridocyclitis two to six months after surgery. the first attack usually responded well to local corticosteroids. after many relapses of inflammation, increasingly resistant to medical treatment, a severe attack occurred leading to the decision to treat such e ...	1990	2290004
the influence of various factors on the human resident skin flora.	various factors, e.g. prolonged occlusion, skin disinfectants, systemic antimicrobials, can have an impact on the ecosystem of the normal human skin flora for a short time. these impacts are of clinical importance in the treatment of some skin diseases, where members of the normal human skin flora are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, e.g. propionibacterium acnes in acne vulgaris, corynebacterium species in erythrasma, trichomycosis palmellina and pitted keratolysis, pityrosporum orbi ...	1990	2285575
tnf and inhibition of growth of plasmodium falciparum.	the mechanism of intra-erythrocyte death of plasmodium chabaudi in vivo has not yet been elucidated. here we summarise recent experiments in which serum from mice undergoing a successful immune response to this parasite did not inhibit plasmodium falciparum in vivo unless the p. chabaudi infection and tnf levels were high enough to cause illness in the host. this was true for the 556ka and ds strains of p. chabaudi in intact mice, but not for 556ka in nude mice, which did not generate inhibitory ...	1990	2283147
isolation and characterization of a polysaccharide antigen from propionibacterium acnes released by a glycine-specific chemical protein degradation procedure.	an acid-labile antigenic polysaccharide has been isolated from both cell walls and culture media of propionibacterium acnes using a new chemical degradation procedure which liberates protein-bound or associated carbohydrate. lyophilized cells and culture media were treated with a suspension of mercuric oxide in a solution of alkaline mercuric cyanide for several hours at room temperature liberating water-soluble polysaccharide material. the antigenic polysaccharide was freed of reaction products ...	1990	2282114
bacteremia due to anaerobic bacteria in newborns.	awareness of the role of anaerobic bacteria in neonatal bacteremia has increased in recent years. the incidence of recovery of anaerobes in neonatal bacteremia varies, according to different studies, between 1.8% and 12.5%. of the 178 cases reported in the literature, 73 were due to bacteroides species (69 were the bacteroides fragilis group), 57 clostridium species (mostly clostridium perfringens), 35 peptostreptococci, 5 propionibacterium acnes, 3 veillonella species, 3 fusobacterium species, ...	1990	2277280
synthesis and antibacterial activity of the metabolites of 9-fluoro-6,7-dihydro-8-(4-hydroxy-1-piperidyl)-5-methyl-1-oxo-1h,5h- benzo[i,j]quinolizine-2-carboxylic acid (opc-7251).	the metabolites of 9-fluoro-6,7-dihydro-8-(4-hydroxy-1-piperidyl)-5-methyl-1-oxo-1h,5h- benzo[i,j]quinolizine-2-carboxylic acid (opc-7251) (1), which has a potent antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria, characteristically propionibacterium acnes, were synthesized to confirm their structures and to examine their antibacterial activity. the structures of three major metabolites (2, 3a and 4) were identified by means of comparison with the synthetic compounds. the antibacterial activ ...	1990	2268907
comparative in vitro activity of the new oral cephalosporin bay v 3522 against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.	the in vitro activity of the new oral cephalosporin bay v 3522 against 229 aerobic and 330 anaerobic clinical isolates was determined using the agar dilution technique. for comparison, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefuroxime, cephalexin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, co-trimoxazole, doxycycline, erythromycin and metronidazole (only anaerobic bacteria) were tested. bay v 3522 was found to have high activity against staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, en ...	1990	2261923
systemic alkalinization inhibits the ability of flavone acetic acid to augment natural killer activity, induce cytokine gene expression, and synergize with interleukin 2 for the treatment of murine renal cancer.	flavone acetic acid (faa) is an investigational drug that augments natural killer activity, induces the genes for alpha- and gamma-interferon (ifn) and tumor necrosis factor alpha, and synergizes with recombinant interleukin 2 for the successful treatment of murine renal cancer. however, in most clinical studies of faa only minimal immunomodulatory effects have been reported. most of the patients in these studies have also been given sodium bicarbonate to prevent possible nephrotoxicity. the cur ...	1990	2253233
effect of cytochrome p-450 inhibition and stimulation on intensity of polyethylene degradation in microsomal fraction of mouse and rat livers.	polyethylene (pe) is degraded in microsomal fractions of mouse and rat livers with the formation of carbonyl groups. infrared spectroscopy demonstrated formation of predominantly ketone groups and to a lesser degree ester and aldehyde groups. the inhibition and stimulation of cytochrome p-450 in mouse livers affected the formation of oxidative groups on pe. phenobarbital doses of 3 x 0.05 mg per mouse increased the concentration of cytochrome p-450 and ketone groups on pe, whereas the vaccine pr ...	1990	2242403
[new aspects of intolerance of the aqueous iodinated x-ray contrast medium, adipiodone--fatal interaction of adipiodone-ultrabil with the immunomodulators corynebacterium parvum (cp) and shigella dysenteriae endotoxin (lps)].	the authors assume a new type of interaction of the aqueous x-ray contrast substance type adipiodone (ultrabil 50% spofa) with immunomodulators of corynebacterium parvum (cp) and the endotoxin of shigella dysenteriae (lps). the fatal type of interaction developed regularly as a result of the concurrent i.v. administration of the x-ray contrast substance adipiodone with the endotoxin of shigella dys. (lps) to laboratory animals (mice) which had five days previously a single dose of corynebacteriu ...	1990	2237238
[the influence of coptidis rhizoma to lipase activity of propionibacterium acnes].	gas chromatography was applied for determination of the amounts of propionic and butyric acids in the medium produced by propionibacterium acnes. the organism was incubated in peptone-yeast extract-glucose medium containing 0.017 meq/ml of tributyrin and various amounts of coptidis rhizoma at 37 degrees c for 24 to 96 hr. the amount of butyric acid produced by the lipase was reduced parallel with that of propionic acid resulted from the growth of p. acnes in the medium. these facts were also con ...	1990	2232295
propionibacterium encephalitis.		1990	2230984
modulation of nitrogen oxide synthesis in vivo: ng-monomethyl-l-arginine inhibits endotoxin-induced nitrate/nitrate biosynthesis while promoting hepatic damage.	attempts were made to promote or inhibit nitric oxide (. n = o) synthesis in a murine model of hepatic damage (corynebacterium parvum followed by lipopolysaccharide; lps) to determine the role of . n = o in the liver injury. moderate hepatic damage and increases in circulating no2-/no3- levels were detectable after c. parvum alone. administration of lps to these mice resulted in severe hepatic damage and acute elevations in circulating nitrogen oxide levels. l-arg had no influence on the c. parv ...	1990	2230601
[propionibacterium acnes septicemia in t lymphoblastic lymphoma].		1990	2221749
protective effect of saikosaponin a, saikosaponin d and saikogenin d against pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in mice.	effects of saikosaponins and their genins on nonspecific resistance against pseudomonas aeruginosa and listeria monocytogenes infections were investigated. when mice were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) saikosaponins one day before i.p. infection with p. aeruginosa, saikosaponins a and d induced a marked enhancement of nonspecific resistance at a dose of 10 micrograms/mouse. also, saikogenin d, a secondary metabolite of saikosaponin d, showed an enhancing effect. the most effective conditi ...	1990	2210914
susceptibility of oral bacteria to phenoxyethanol and phenoxyethanol/chlorhexidine combinations.	a total of 57 bacterial strains (26 different species) which may be isolated from subgingival plaque were tested for their in vitro susceptibility to phenoxycthanol, a commonly-used antiseptic and preservative. ninety-five percent of the strains, including those associated with chronic inflammatory periodontal disease, were susceptible to concentrations of phenoxyethanol used topically (2% w/v). phenoxyethanol at a concentration of 1% (w/v) was also found that to have a rapid bactericidal effect ...	1990	2202809
effects of subgingival irrigation on bacteremia following scaling and root planing.	the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of professional subgingival irrigation, together with subsequent patient administered home marginal irrigation, on the incidence of bacteremia after scaling and root planing (sc/rp). a total of 60 periodontal maintenance patients were assigned to either group 1: subgingival irrigation, with 0.12% chx and daily marginal irrigation with 0.04% chx; group 2: subgingival irrigation with 0.12% chx and daily marginal irrigation with water; group 3: ...	1990	2201759
induction of tumor necrosis factor by macrophage colony-stimulating factor in vivo.	the effect of human urinary colony-stimulating factor (csf-1) on the production of tumor necrosis factor (tnf) in vivo was assessed. purified csf-1 was administered i.v. to rabbits 4 days prior to injection with lipopolysaccharide (lps). tnf in the serum prepared from rabbits bled 90 min after lps injection was measured using cytotoxicity assays employing mouse l929 cells and antirabbit tnf monoclonal antibody. the results indicated that csf-1 was able to induce the production of tnf in vivo and ...	1990	2199615
effect of cloxacillin prophylaxis on the bacterial flora of craniotomy wounds.	during a double-blind placebo-controlled study, the effect of cloxacillin prophylaxis in craniotomies on samples taken for culture from 334 operation wounds in 279 patients was assessed. patients and operations were equally divided over the cloxacillin and placebo groups. in the cloxacillin group significantly fewer samples contained microorganisms than was the case in the placebo group both just after the incision was made (p less than 0.05) and just before closure of the wound (p less than 0.0 ...	1990	2196671
evaluation of the worth of corynebacterium parvum in conjunction with chemotherapy as adjuvant treatment for primary breast cancer. eight-year results from the national surgical adjuvant breast and bowel project b-10.	during the 1970s, information obtained from animal tumor models and from patients with a spectrum of solid tumors indicated the worth of a variety of immunostimulating agents. these findings provided a biological and clinical rationale for conducting randomized trials to evaluate the worth of those agents. consequently, in may 1977 the national surgical adjuvant breast and bowel project (nsabp) implemented a randomized trial to determine whether corynebacterium parvum (c. parvum, cp) plus chemot ...	1990	2196108
swab-wash method for quantitation of cutaneous microflora.	we describe a comparison of the scrub-wash method of williamson and kligman and a swab-wash method for the enumeration of cutaneous microflora. the swab-wash method provides a less traumatic alternative to the scrub-wash method and can be used to sample the cutaneous microflora of premature neonates.	1990	2191014
growth inhibition of candida albicans by interleukin-2-induced lymph node cells.	previous reports have demonstrated natural killer cells (nk) to exert growth inhibitory effects against certain fungi, but not against candida albicans. in this investigation, interleukin-2 (il-2)-induced lymph node cells with phenotypic and functional characteristics of nk were shown to inhibit the growth of c. albicans. growth inhibition was evaluated by both the release of 51cr by the fungus and the inhibition of microcolony growth of the fungus on sabouraud's dextrose agar. lymphoid cells de ...	1990	2188739
the microbiology of periapical granulomas.	of the 16 periapical granulomas studied, 14 (88%) yielded a positive growth when homogenized and cultured. the concentration of colony-forming units per milliliter of the suspension ranged from 10(1.3) to 10(4.0) (mean 10(2.2)). a total of 47 isolates comprising 26 (55%) facultative anaerobes and 21 (45%) strict anaerobes were obtained. the organisms most commonly cultured were veillonella species (15%), streptococcus milleri (11%), streptococcus sanguis (11%), actinomyces naeslundii (11%), prop ...	1990	2183126
[the protective effects of glucagon and insulin in an experimental massive hepatic cell necrosis model].	when heat-killed propionibacterium acnes was intravenously injected into mice and seven days later, a small amount of gram-negative lipopolysaccharide (lps) was also intravenously injected, most of them died of massive hepatic cell necrosis. however, then glucagon (0.5 mg/kg body weight) and insulin (0.5 units/kg body weight) or glucagon (0.5 mg/kg body weight) individually were administered during this experimental induction of massive hepatic cell necrosis, the survival rate of mice increased ...	1990	2182924
synthesis of eicosanoids by propionibacterium acnes-elicited liver adherent cells and their effect on production of interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor.	when heat-killed propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) is intravenously injected into rats or mice, liver adherent cells including macrophages and kupffer cells increase in number and they synthesize various kinds of biologically-active materials. we studied the production of eicosanoids and the cytokines, interleukin 1 (il-1) and tumor necrosis factor (tnf), by p. acnes-elicited liver adherent cells and the regulatory mechanisms of eicosanoids in the synthesis of cytokines. as a result, p. acnes-e ...	1990	2177900
effect of interferon or propionibacterium acnes on the course of experimentally induced feline infectious peritonitis in specific-pathogen-free and random-source cats.	seventy-four cats (52 treated and 22 untreated) were evaluated in efficacy studies of interferon (ifn), propionibacterium acnes, or a combination of these drugs against experimentally induced feline infectious peritonitis (fip). cats were given doses of recombinant human leukocyte (alpha) ifn (rhuifn-alpha), feline fibroblastic (beta) ifn (fifn-beta) or p acnes at regular intervals before and after inoculation of virulent fip virus (fipv). prophylactic and therapeutic administration of high dose ...	1990	2159739
colonization of adrenal glands and ovaries of mice by hsv-2 variants. i. virological studies.	hsv-2 strain er was shown to consist of variants with different pathogenic phenotype: variant er+ replicates to high titers in the adrenal glands and the ovaries but much less in the spleen; the testes were not colonized. er+ migrates to the spinal ganglia and is highly neuroinvasive after i.p. inoculation. variant er- replicates 100-1,000 fold less in the adrenal glands and the ovaries, but proceeds to the spinal ganglia without invading the cns. however, both variants are highly neuropathogeni ...	1990	2156486
[therapy of acne with visible light. decreased irradiation time by using a blue-light high-energy lamp].	lipophilic propionibacterium acnes stores large amounts of porphyrins. this peculiarity can be used for photodynamic destruction of propionibacteria. after repeated irradiations with a blue light-type high pressure lamp (narva nc 1000-64) both acne and seborrhoea was improved markedly (10 irradiations, each for 10 minutes, cumulative light dose 325 j/cm2). also porphyrin content inside acne follicles dropped. serial irradiations with short range visible light (400 to 420 nm) are recommended for ...	1990	2150382
the inhibition of free radical generation by human neutrophils through the synergistic effects of metronidazole with palmitoleic acid: a possible mechanism of action of metronidazole in rosacea and acne.	metronidazole is clinically effective in treating not only rosacea but also acne inflammation. yet it is generally considered not to be very effective in inhibiting the growth of anaerobic propionibacterium acnes. we report here our investigation into the synergistic effects of metronidazole and palmitoleic acid on the anaerobic growth of p. acnes as well as on human neutrophil functions, including the generation of reactive oxygen species (ros). both metronidazole and palmitoleic acid, when use ...	1990	2150301
characterization of corynebacterium parvum-induced suppressor cells of mouse nk and adcc activity.	treatment of mice with corynebacterium parvum (cp) resulted in a substantial decrease in natural killer activity in the spleen at 10 days. the decrease in cytotoxicity was associated with the presence of splenic nonadherent (na) suppressor cells, capable of inhibiting natural as well as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (adcc). the nonadherent suppressor cells appeared to be null cells, lacking detectable expression of thy 1, l3t4 (cd4), lyt 2 (cd8), or asialo-gm1 and could be physically ...	1990	2148342
[immunohistochemical studies of the acne-like inflammatory model].	the acne-like inflammatory model was produced in the ears of male sprague-dawley rats by subcutaneous injection of 140 micrograms of heat killed propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes). ear thickness was measured as an index of inflammatory strength, using a micro indicator once every day for the first week, then every other day until the 35th day. animals were sacrificed and ears were excised for histological study. the tissue was stained with hematoxylin and eosin to investigate the state of inflam ...	1990	2147008
binding of monomeric immunoglobulins by bone marrow-derived mononuclear phagocytes; its modulation by interferon-gamma.	the ability of resting and activated rat bone marrow-derived mononuclear phagocytes (bmm phi) to bind monomeric rat, mouse, and human igg was determined by means of flow cytometry. rat igg2b bound with high affinity (kd approximately equal to 3 x 10(-9) m); binding was optimal at 4 degrees c and was only little affected by trypsin treatment. the other igg bound with only low affinity (rat igg2a, mouse and human igg) or not at all to rat bmm phi (rat igg1, rat igg2c). the binding of rat igg2b was ...	1990	2145176
bacteria of human physiological microflora liberate immunomodulating peptides.	human isolates of propionibacterium acnes and staphylococcus saprophyticus could be shown to liberate low molecular weight peptides (mw less than 6.500 d) with immunomodulating activity. facs analyses of balb/c-mouse lymphoid cells from the thymus and spleen revealed an enhanced percentage of t-helper cells after peptide administration. intestinal microflora decontamination of balb/c-mice considerably reduced immune cell function and lymphatic tissue proliferation. apparently, lack of peptide pr ...	1990	2141788
in vitro activity of teicoplanin, vancomycin, a16686, clindamycin, erythromycin and fusidic acid against anaerobic bacteria.	the in vitro activity of teicoplanin and a16686, two new glycopeptide antibiotics was determined against 196 isolates of anaerobic bacteria. the activity of teicoplanin and a16686, in comparison with that of vancomycin, clindamycin, erythromycin and fusidic acid was 2 to 16 times higher against the gram positive anaerobes, namely, propionibacterium acnes, clostridium perfringens, clostridium difficile, clostridium species, peptococcus species and peptostreptococcus species. however, bacteroides ...	1990	2139737
the pathogenesis and treatment of acne.	acne is a follicular disorder of the skin occurring in specialized pilosebaceous units on the face and trunk. an abnormality of the keratinizing epithelium of these follicles, thought to be due to the action of sebum synthesized and secreted by the androgen-sensitive sebaceous glands, leads to inflammation induced by the follicular bacterium, propionibacterium acnes. therapy involves treatments that modify these pathogenic factors and includes drugs with antikeratinizing, antibacterial, and anti ...	1990	2139553
in-vitro studies with ramoplanin (mdl 62,198): a novel lipoglycopeptide antimicrobial.	ramoplanin is a novel lipoglycopeptide antimicrobial complex, isolated from the fermentation products of a strain of actinoplanes sp. (atcc 33076), which comprises three closely related polypeptides, each containing chlorinated phenyl moieties and d-mannose. the in-vitro activity of ramoplanin was compared with those of vancomycin and teicoplanin. ramoplanin was very active against staphylococcus spp., irrespective of methicillin susceptibility, with all isolates inhibited by 1 mg/l or less. con ...	1990	2139436
[lysis of the cells of propionibacterium acnes by the culture supernatant of actinomyces viscosus].	ecologically there seemed to be antagonistic relations between actinomyces viscosus and propionibacterium acnes. the supernatant of a. viscosus was shown to possess a lytic activity on the growing cells of p. acnes. the results obtained were as follows: 1. only a small number of p. acnes was isolated in samples from which numerous a. viscosus were isolated. on the other hand, p. acnes were frequently isolated in samples from which few cells of a. viscosus were isolated. 2. the concentrate with a ...	1990	2135129
increased numbers of black-pigmented bacteroides in induced periodontitis in monkeys.	in four young adult monkeys, periodontitis was experimentally induced by inserting elastic rubber bands around the necks of two teeth on each side of the mandible. on one side the teeth were not cleaned during the experimental period. on the control side, the teeth were cleaned by scaling and polishing weekly. after 8 weeks there were 6 mm deep pockets and great bone loss on the experimental side. subgingival plaque was collected from experimental and control sides under anaerobic conditions and ...	1990	2133437
[community- and hospital-acquired bacteremia: a retrospective study in a regional hospital. iii. microbiological aspects].	a retrospective study was made of all blood cultures performed over a 40-month period at the ivrea-castellamonte hospital (turin, italy). a total of 4386 vials from 619 patients were examined. there were 619 positive vials (14.1%) from 131 patients (21.2%) corresponding to 145 bacteremia episodes, including 129 monomicrobial (89%) and 16 polymicrobial (11%). ten patients (1.6%) had more than one episode. there were 73 polluted vials (1.7%). a total of 165 microorganism were isolated: gram-positi ...	1990	2133330
[evaluation of immunostimulation of sheep with propionibacterium acnes strain cn 5936 in the prevention of listeriosis].	the purpose of this work was to observe and estimate immune reaction taking place in pregnant sheep and their progeny after applying immunomodulator being a formalized culture strain propionibacterium acnes cn 5936 [pa]. this biological preparation was used in order to reduce the endemic form of listeriosis in a big flock of sheep. 15 pregnant sheep were vaccinated with pa 4 weeks before the date of delivery and later, the sheep's progeny at the age of 3 weeks. during that experiment immunologic ...	1990	2132654
the correlation between specific protein synthesis and tumoricidal function in murine peritoneal macrophages.	macrophages from the lipopolysaccharide (lps)-responsive c3h/hen mouse strain and the closely related lps-nonresponsive c3h/hej strain were compared for tumoricidal activation and protein synthetic changes following in vivo and in vitro stimulation, utilizing two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of [35s]methionine-labeled proteins. peritoneal macrophages elicited from c3h/hen mice with heat-killed propionibacterium acnes exhibited tumoricidal activity in a 16-hr cytolytic assay and ...	1990	2121374
resistance to a non-immunogenic tumor, induced by corynebacterium parvum or listeria monocytogenes, is abrogated by anti-interferon gamma.	the complex processes that determine the outcome of the interaction of tumor and host were explored in the operationally simple and reproducible rat d-12 ascites tumor model. animals exhibit weak spontaneous resistance against this tumor that is not augmented by repeated inoculation, by various routes, of irradiated syngeneic d-12 tumor cells, but considerably enhanced after local administration of heat-killed corynebacterium parvum (cp) or listeria monocytogenes (lm) organisms. inoculation of c ...	1990	2120139
mechanisms of macrophage-mediated tumor cell killing: a comparative analysis of the roles of reactive nitrogen intermediates and tumor necrosis factor.	the roles of tumor necrosis factor (tnf alpha) and reactive nitrogen intermediates (rni) as effectors of macrophage-mediated tumor cell killing were investigated in a variety of tumor cell lines. three tnf alpha-sensitive tumor targets were also susceptible to resting bone-marrow-derived mononuclear phagocytes (bmmp). this macrophage lytic activity was markedly diminished or even abolished by anti-tnf alpha, indicating that tnf alpha is the major effector of macrophage-mediated killing of these ...	1990	2120138
changes in leukotrienes and prostaglandins in the liver tissue of rats in the experimental massive hepatic cell necrosis model.	when heat-killed propionibacterium acnes is intravenously injected into rats followed by an intravenous injection of a small amount of gram-negative lipopolysaccharide (lps) 7 days later, massive hepatic cell necrosis is induced and most of the rats die within 24 hours of lps injection. using this experimental model, we studied the changes in the levels of leukotrienes (lts) and prostaglandins (pgs) in the liver tissue and bile of rats with experimentally-induced massive hepatic cell necrosis. b ...	1990	2117292
production of interferon-gamma by in vivo tumor-sensitized t cells: association with active antitumor immunity.	the state of active immunity to meth a fibrosarcoma in mice immunized with an admixture of meth a cells and propionibacterium acnes is associated with possession by the host of spleen cells capable of producing interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) upon in vitro restimulation with irradiated tumor cells. the ability of spleen cells from immunized mice to produce ifn-gamma in response to irradiated meth a cells decays as active antitumor immunity is replaced by a state of immunological memory. the ifn-pro ...	1990	2109780
recurrent postoperative endophthalmitis.	we treated five patients for postoperative endophthalmitis who demonstrated an initially good response to intravitreal management of their infection and then suffered a later recurrence. four of the five patients received a single intravitreal injection of antibiotics as the only intravitreal therapy, and the fifth patient received a single antibiotic injection in addition to a partial vitrectomy. all recurrent infections occurred between 10 and 21 days after the original intravitreal injection ...	1990	2109672
lymphokines and bacteria, that induce tumoricidal activity, trigger a different secretory response in macrophages.	the abilities of various macrophage-activating agents to trigger tumoricidal activity and/or the secretion of prostaglandin e2 (pge2), interleukin 6 (il 6) and transforming growth factor beta (tgf beta) in bone marrow-derived mononuclear phagocytes (bmm phi) in vitro were comparatively assessed. induction of tumoricidal activity by lymphokines, that is only short-lived, was not associated with enhanced secretion of these activities by bmm phi; in contrast, incubation with heat-killed facultative ...	1990	2108046
the effect of adherent peritoneal exudate cells (apecs) and their products on the rpc-5 plasmacytoma growth in vitro.	the ability of peritoneal exudate cells (pecs) and their adherent (apecs) and nonadherent (napecs) fractions to enhance rpc-5 plasmacytoma growth in vitro was studied. the capability of these cells to bind rpc-5 cells and influence of the binding on cytolysis tumor cells by activated with c. parvum macrophages was also determined. the effector cells were harvested from mice injected i.p. with pristane, thioglicollate medium or c. parvum or from intact mice. the effect of supernatants from the in ...	1990	2102659
nontoxic concentration of ceftazidime and flomoxef sodium for intravitreal use--evaluated by in-vitro erg.	the effects of ceftazidime (caz) and flomoxef sodium (fmox) on the in-vitro electroretinogram (erg) of albino rabbits were studied. the a-wave, the b-wave and the oscillatory potential (op) were unchanged by 0.3mm (0.19mg/ml) caz-containing solution. the op was suppressed by 0.5mm (0.32mg/ml) caz. the a-wave, the b-wave and the op were unchanged by 0.5mm (0.26mg/ml) fmox. the op was suppressed and its peak latency was delayed by 2mm (0.52mg/ml) fmox. the concentration of 0.3mm (0.19mg/ml) caz wa ...	1990	2100186
[inhibition of growth and metastases of lung carcinoma in c57bl/6 mice by corynebacterium parvum and its antitumor mechanism].	cocrynebacterium parvum (cp) was injected around the tumor and tumor cells were inoculated subcutaneously with activated peritoneal macrophages. the effects on the growth and metastases of lewis lung carcinoma in c57bl/6 mice were observed. experimental results indicated that cp had significant inhibitory effect on the tumor growth and lung metastases. the cytotoxic effects of activated peritoneal macrophages in mice on target tumor cells (l5178y) in vitro were studied with the technique of 3h-t ...	1990	2093073
diagnosis of propionbacterium acnes endophthalmitis.		1990	2089549
possible involvement of platelet-activating factor in the induction of liver cell injury.	in order to examine whether the platelet-activating factor (paf) plays a role in the induction of liver cell injury, the effects of a paf antagonist were studied in an experimental model of mice with acute liver cell injury induced by intravenous injection of heat-killed propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) and lipopolysaccharide. as a result, an intravenous injection of the paf antagonist was shown to improve the histological changes in the liver, reducing the degree of focal tissue necrosis. in ...	1990	2074969
bacterial contamination in irreversible hydrocolloid impression material and gingival retraction cord.	this study tested two dental materials in factory-sealed containers for the presence of bacteria that may be a source of infection. twenty samples of two dental materials found to have contamination in a pilot study were taken from unopened containers using a sterile technique. the samples were inoculated onto chocolate agar plates and into thioglycolate broths with appropriate controls. plates were examined, colonies were enumerated, gram stained, and identified. the resulting contamination fre ...	1991	2066885
immunohistochemistry of the inflammatory response in propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis.	specimens were obtained from two patients with culture-proven propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis who had undergone vitrectomy. wright's and giemsa stains were performed using cytospin preparations of the dilute vitreous and revealed a predominance of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (80% to 90%). the remaining inflammatory cells in the vitreous were mostly macrophages (10% to 15%); very few lymphocytes were present (less than 5%). immunohistochemical studies using monoclonal antibodies confirme ...	1991	2064579
mr imaging in an experimental model of brain tumor immunotherapy.	a murine model of implanted cns neoplasia was used to study a new form of brain tumor immunotherapy with intralesional corynebacterium parvum (c. parvum). assessment of treatment protocols has been limited by the inability to assess, noninvasively, tumor burden and/or the inflammatory reaction induced in the murine brain by treatment with c. parvum. this study demonstrates that contrast-enhanced mr imaging can monitor in vivo tumor burden and the immune response to intracerebral c. parvum. kht m ...	1991	2058511
ruffle formation in the evaluation of stimulatory state of hepatic macrophages in rats.	morphological changes in hepatic macrophages after stimulation were observed with a transmission electron microscope in rats. in the normal liver ruffle formation occupied less than 30% of the cell surface facing the sinusoidal space in 21 of 25 macrophages. when the rats received a dose of carbon tetrachloride, hepatic macrophages 1 day later showed ruffle formation to the same extent as in normal rats. in contrast, in rats 6 days after a dose of corynebacterium parvum, ruffle formation was int ...	1991	2051902
t-cell reactivity to purified lipophosphoglycan from leishmania major: a model for analysis of the cellular immune response to microbial carbohydrates.	the major macromolecule on the surface of leishmania major promastigotes is a lipophosphoglycan (lpg). this glycoconjugate plays a key role in determining infectivity and survival of parasites in the mammalian host cell. in addition, l. major lpg is able to induce a host-protective immune response. in this article, we summarise the evidence for recognition of highly purified lpg by t cells and we discuss the potential mechanisms of t-cell stimulation by this non-protein antigen.	1991	2049034
corynebacterium parvum versus bacille calmette-guérin adjuvant immunotherapy of stage ii malignant melanoma.	two separate studies have been reported comparing corynebacterium parvum and bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) as adjuvant immunotherapy for stage ii melanoma patients (the milton s. hershey medical center, 48 patients; southeastern cancer study group [secsg], 162 patients). as the criteria for patient selection and drugs used were similar, we have pooled the data to analyze the effects of these two treatments. both studies used bcg (tice, chicago, il) 3 x 10(8) live organisms per treatment by tine ...	1991	2045856
effects of irsoglandine maleate in an experimentally-induced acute hepatic failure model using mice.	when heat-killed propionibacterium acnes was intravenously injected into mice followed by an intravenous injection of a small amount of gram-negative lipopolysaccharide seven days later, most of the mice died of massive hepatic cell necrosis within 24 hours. however, when irsoglandine maleate, an anti-ulcer agent, was administered to mice during the period of experimental induction of acute hepatic failure, the survival rate, serum transaminase levels and histological changes of the liver remark ...	1991	2040400
influence of biological response modifiers of bacterial origin on disease progression in the mrl-lpr model of systemic lupus erythematosus.	murine models of systemic lupus erythematosus exhibit some, but not all of the characteristics of human disease. disease progression in the animal models is related to autoantibodies, genetics, and inflammatory processes. in this report the effects of two bacterial biological response modifiers (brm) on disease progression in the mrl-lpr model were investigated. the two brm tested were c. parvum and bacillus-calmette-guerin (bcg), both of which are stimulators of the reticuloendothelial system a ...	1991	2040105
tumor necrosis factor alpha mediates lethal activity of killed gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria in d-galactosamine-treated mice.	treatment with d-galactosamine increases sensitivity of lipopolysaccharide (lps)-responder mice to the lethal effects of lps, while nonresponder mice remain resistant (m.a. freudenberg, d. keppler, and c. galanos, infect. immun. 51:891-895, 1986). in the present study it is shown that, in contrast to lps, killed gram-negative bacteria (salmonella abortus equi and s. typhimurium) were highly toxic for d-galactosamine-treated lps-responder (c57bl/10 scsn and c3h/hen) and -nonresponder (c57bl/10 sc ...	1991	2037372
role of tumour necrosis factor in the tumour-necrotizing activity of agents with diverging toxicity.	we investigated the ability of various tumour-necrotizing agents with diverging toxicity to induce tumour necrosis factor (tnf) and cytostatic activity in propionibacterium-acnes-primed swiss and tumour-bearing balb/c mice, and the capacity of anti-tnf antibodies to inhibit induction of tumour necrosis by the agents. lipid a and especially its combination with muramyl dipeptide induced high tnf levels in swiss mice, as measured in the serum. lower levels were induced by detoxified lipid a and th ...	1991	2036659
pathogenicity of propionibacterium acnes in mixed infections with facultative bacteria.	single and mixed infections with 11 clinical isolates of propionibacterium acnes and three facultative bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae) were studied in a subcutaneous abscess model in mice. abscesses were induced by pure cultures of six of 11 strains of p. acnes and by the three facultative bacteria. the abscesses produced by each of the six "virulent" p. acnes isolates mixed with s. aureus, e. coli or k. pneumoniae were larger than those induced by th ...	1991	2030499
delayed-onset pseudophakic endophthalmitis.		1991	2021185
endotoxin-induced cytokine gene expression in vivo. iii. il-6 mrna and serum protein expression and the in vivo hematologic effects of il-6.	endotoxin (lps) at sublethal doses injected i.v. into rats was found to induce il-6 mrna expression peaking at 1 to 2 h in whole organ rna preparations of the spleen, liver, lung, bowel, and kidney. il-6 serum protein levels also peaked at 2 h. tnf and il-1, generally considered to be among the most rapidly released cytokines, also induced il-6 expression. il-6 in turn inhibited tnf and il-1 expression, suggesting that il-6 may be part of a negative feedback mechanism in the cytokine cascade. de ...	1991	2005401
neutrophil and kupffer cell-induced oxidant stress and ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat liver.	the hypothesis that kupffer cells and infiltrating neutrophils generate reactive oxygen in the hepatic sinusoids and may contribute to ischemia-reperfusion injury in the liver was investigated in a model of partial no-flow ischemia and reperfusion in male fischer rats in vivo. during the reperfusion period of 60 min, plasma concentrations of glutathione disulfide (gssg; index of oxidant stress) increased from 1.62 +/- 0.20 microm glutathione (gsh) equivalents to maximal values of 11.82 +/- 1.45 ...	1991	2003603
involvement of tumor necrosis factor alpha in experimentally induced hepatitis.		1991	2001820
persistent biological reactivity of quartz in the lung: raised protease burden compared with a non-pathogenic mineral dust and microbial particles.	this study assessed the potential harmfulness of particles in the lung by measuring their ability to elicit and maintain an inflammatory response and to damage lung tissue. it compared the inflammogenicity of two nondurable, biological particulates (corynebacterium parvum and zymosan) with a pathogenic mineral dust (quartz) and a nonpathogenic dust (titanium dioxide) by dosing rats via the intratracheal route and measuring the consequent alveolitis. the magnitude and duration of the inflammatory ...	1991	1993161
chronic postoperative endophthalmitis associated with actinomyces species.	actinomyces species, gram-positive, non-spore-forming anaerobic bacilli were isolated from intraocular fluid obtained from four otherwise healthy patients with a delayed onset of postoperative endophthalmitis. one patient had a mixed anaerobic infection with recovery of both actinomyces israelii and propionibacterium acnes. in all four patients, early postoperative visual acuity was good but was eventually markedly reduced by intraocular inflammation that was first observed between 21 days and 4 ...	1991	1987950
the effects of tetracyclines and erythromycin on complement activation in vitro.	the effects of tetracycline, minocycline and erythromycin on complement activation in vitro were studied. at concentrations of 100 mg/l or less, these antibiotics did not inhibit the capacity of propionibacterium acnes to cleave c3 in normal human serum or in serum chelated of ca2+ allowing complement activation by the alternative pathway alone. the antibiotics had no effect (at 100 mg/l) on total haemolytic activity of complement in normal human serum. this study did not provide evidence to sup ...	1990	1981435
infections caused by propionibacterium species.	eight hundred and sixteen isolates of propionibacterium species (725 of which were propionibacterium acnes) were isolated from 3,971 specimens submitted for the identification of anaerobic bacteria over the course of 10 years. a total of 94 propionibacterium isolates (12%) identified in 92 patients were considered to cause infection. the rest of the isolates were determined to be contaminants or of uncertain pathogenic significance. significant infections caused by propionibacterium species were ...	1991	1962090
[bacterial endocarditis after treatment by a natural healer].	we describe a case of endocarditis caused by propionibacterium acnes after a series of 'vitamin' injections and semipermanent acupuncture needle maneuvers by a natural healer. the patient had prosthetic heart valves. we found that the most probable source of infection was the treatment by the natural healer and therefore wish to warn against invasive treatment of such high-risk patients by laymen. if such treatment is insisted upon in spite of such warnings, antibiotic prophylaxis should be cons ...	1991	1948866
modulation of tumoricidal activity, induced in bone-marrow-derived mononuclear phagocytes by interferon gamma or corynebacterium parvum, by interferon beta, tumor necrosis factor, prostaglandin e2, and transforming growth factor beta.	among a series of agents, including various interleukins and growth factors, only interferon gamma (ifn gamma) and heat-killed corynebacterium parvum (cp) organisms were able to elicit, within 24 hr, tumoricidal activity in bone-marrow-derived mononuclear (bmm) phagocytes. in subsequent experiments, the abilities of interferon beta (ifn beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf alpha), prostaglandin e2 (pge2), and transforming growth factor beta (tfg beta), alone or in combinations of 2, to modula ...	1991	1937965
macrosialin, a macrophage-restricted membrane sialoprotein differentially glycosylated in response to inflammatory stimuli.	rat monoclonal antibody fa/11 has been used to identify macrosialin, a sialoglycoprotein confined to murine mononuclear phagocytes and related cells. originally identified as a macrophage-associated glycoprotein predominantly localized in intracellular membranes (smith, m.j., and g.l.e. koch. 1987. j. cell sci. 87:113), the antigen is widely expressed on tissue macrophages, including those in lymphoid areas, and is expressed at low levels on isolated dendritic cells. immuno-adsorption experiment ...	1991	1919437
alteration in natural defense activity against nk-susceptible b16 melanoma cells after treatment with corynebacterium parvum.	we have investigated the effects of administration of c. parvum on host anti-metastatic activity against b16 melanoma h-2l, a natural killer (nk) sensitive clone with a low expression of h-2b. the anti-metastatic activity was estimated by monitoring the following two points. one was the survival ratio at an early stage after an intravenous (iv) inoculation of radiolabeled b16 h-2l cells, the other was the formation of pulmonary metastases after iv injection with the tumor cells. administration o ...	1991	1916884
protein-kinase-c-independent activation of arachidonate release and prostaglandin e2 formation in macrophages interacting with certain bacteria.	certain bacterial species, of which we selected fusobacterium nucleatum, gardnerella vaginalis, peptostreptococcus anaerobius and propionibacterium acnes, were found to induce release of arachidonic acid in a dose- and time-dependent manner in mouse macrophages. the release of arachidonic acid showed a characteristic lag period of approximately 10 min and was accompanied by selective transformation into prostaglandin e2. bacteria killed by various methods caused a similar response, indicating th ...	1991	1915341
microbiology of chronic sinusitis in children.	to better understand the factors involved in chronic sinusitis in childhood, we cultured the sinuses, middle meatus, and nasopharynx in 39 children requiring surgical intervention. sixty-nine percent of these patients had other medical problems, including asthma (49%) and immunologic compromise (18%). we cultured coagulase-negative staphylococcus in 18 patients, streptococcus viridans in 14 patients, normal flora in 10 patients, staphylococcus aureus in nine patients, group d streptococcus in fi ...	1991	1910729
gamma interferon production in endotoxin-responder and -nonresponder mice during infection.	the production of gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) in response to infection and to a number of other agents was compared in lpsn (c3h/hen and c57bl/10scsn) and lpsd (c3h/hej and c57bl/10sccr) mouse strains. large differences in ifn-gamma production were observed between c57bl/10sccr mice and the other mouse strains. with the exception of c57bl/10sccr, all mouse strains, including c3h/hej, exhibited transient levels of ifn-gamma during infection with salmonella typhimurium. spleen cells of these mice ...	1991	1910003
antibiotic ge2270 a: a novel inhibitor of bacterial protein synthesis. i. isolation and characterization.	a novel antibiotic, ge2270 a, was isolated from the fermentation broth of a strain of planobispora rosea. the product was found to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. structural characteristics showed similarities between ge2270 a and thiazolyl peptides such as micrococcin which is known to inhibit protein synthesis by acting directly on the ribosome. despite this similarity ge2270 a showed functional analogy to kirromycin-like antibiotics and pulvomycin, as its molecular target was found to be ...	1991	1908853
periodic acid-schiff-positive organisms in primary cutaneous bacillus cereus infection. case report and an investigation of the periodic acid-schiff staining properties of bacteria.	primary cutaneous bacillus cereus infection frequently presents as a single necrotic bulla on the extremity of an immunocompromised patient. in lesional biopsy specimens and smears, the large gram-positive rods of b cereus may be mistaken for clostridium species. this is a potentially serious error, as bacillus species are resistant to penicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics. we studied a case in which large periodic acid-schiff-staining organisms were seen in the biopsy specimen from a nec ...	1991	1900984
effect of endogenous nitric oxide on mitochondrial respiration of rat hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo.	nitric oxide, a highly reactive radical, was recently identified as an intermediate of l-arginine metabolism in mammalian cells. we have shown that nitric oxide synthesis is induced in vitro in cultured hepatocytes by supernatants from activated kupffer cells or in vivo by injecting rats with nonviable corynebacterium parvum. in both cases, nitric oxide biosynthesis in hepatocytes was associated with suppression of total protein synthesis. this study attempts to determine the effect of nitric ox ...	1991	1899557
the importance of positive bacterial cultures of specimens obtained during clean orthopaedic operations.	microbiological cultures of specimens of tissue and of fluids from the wound in forty patients who had had consecutive clean, elective orthopaedic operations (excluding total joint replacements) and had not received antibiotics preoperatively were analyzed. of the forty patients, twenty-three (58 per cent) had a positive culture on at least one of the media that were used and seventeen (43 per cent) had negative cultures. of the forty specimens that were obtained from swabbing of the wound, eigh ...	1991	1890121
protective effect of (4r)-hexahydro-7,7-dimethyl-6-oxo-1,2,5-dithiazocine-4-carboxylic acid (sa3443), a novel cyclic disulfide, on immunologically induced liver injuries in mice.	the effects of (4r)-hexahydro-7,7-dimethyl-6-oxo-1,2,5-dithiazocine-4- carboxylic acid (sa3443), a novel cyclic disulfide, on new immunological liver injury models were investigated. the first liver injury model included a single injection of rabbit anti-basic liver protein antibody into dba/2 mice. serum transaminase activities showed a dose-dependent increase 42 hr after the antibody treatment. sa3443 significantly inhibited the elevation of serum transaminase activity and the histopathologica ...	1991	1888226