Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| anaerobic cellulitis as the result of clostridium perfringens: a rare cause of vascular access graft infection. | infection of prosthetic vascular access grafts is the second most common complication of vascular access and represents a challenge encountered by the vascular surgeon. anaerobic graft infections are rare. we report on a case of a prosthetic vascular access graft infection with clostridium perfringens. to our knowledge, only one other case with an infected arteriovenous shunt caused by c perfringens has been reported. the patient, a 67-year-old woman with end-stage renal failure as the result of ... | 2002 | 12042743 |
| breath hydrogen concentrations of cats given commercial canned and extruded diets indicate gastrointestinal microbial activity vary with diet type. | breath hydrogen (h(2)) concentration, an indicator of intestinal microbial abundance, was determined in cats given purified and commercial canned and dry-type diets. before measurements, the cats were fed diets for more than 2 wk and habituated to a daily feeding interval of 4 hr. breath h(2) concentrations were determined before a meal (approximately 25% daily mer) and then every 20 min for 8 hr or hourly for 10 hr. a clear rise above baseline breath h(2) concentrations, 1-2 ppm, was not observ ... | 2002 | 12042520 |
| a novel type of conserved dna-binding domain in the transcriptional regulators of the algr/agra/lytr family. | sequence analysis of bacterial genomes revealed a novel dna-binding domain. this domain is found in several response regulators of the two-component signal transduction system, such as pseudomonas aeruginosa algr, involved in the regulation of alginate biosynthesis and in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis; clostridium perfringens virr, a regulator of virulence factors, and in several regulators of bacteriocin biosynthesis, previously unified in the agra/come family. most of the transcriptional ... | 2002 | 12034833 |
| correlation between levels of apoptosis, levels of infection and haemagglutinin receptor binding interaction of various subtypes of influenza virus: does the viral neuraminidase have a role in these associations. | previously, we have shown that an h3n2 influenza virus (clone 7a) induced more apoptosis in mdck cells than an h1n1 (a/fiji) influenza virus and that the virion neuraminidase (na) played a role in the induction of apoptosis. in this study we have examined a further 6 n2 (h3/h2) and 3 n1 (hsw/h1) viruses and confirmed that the n2 viruses induce more apoptosis in mdck cells than the n1 viruses. furthermore, the level of apoptosis, the level of cell infection and the na activity of the virus prepar ... | 2002 | 12034479 |
| a novel heptasialosyl c-series ganglioside in embryonic chicken brain: its structure and stage-specific expression. | a ganglioside of unknown structure (ganglioside x) was purified from chicken brain at embryonic day 12 (e12) and characterized for its structure. ganglioside x was reactive with a monoclonal antibody a2b5 and migrated below gh1c on thin-layer chromatography (tlc). extensive treatment of ganglioside x with clostridium perfringens sialidase produced a single ganglioside product. this ganglioside was identified as gm1 based upon its chromatographic mobility and reactivity to cholera toxin b subunit ... | 2002 | 12031286 |
| clostridium perfringens toxin types from wild-caught atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.), determined by pcr and elisa. | ninety-five fecal samples from atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.), caught along the northern norwegian coast, were examined bacteriologically for occurrence of c. perfringens. isolates were examined by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for genes encoding the four lethal toxins (alpha, beta, epsilon, and iota) for classification into toxin types and for genes encoding enterotoxin and the novel beta2 toxin for further subclassification. in addition, a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) ... | 2002 | 12030710 |
| brachyspira (serpulina) pilosicoli of human origin interfere with the growth of clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin producer. | brachyspira (serpulina) pilosicoli of human origin interfere with the growth of clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin producer reducing the clostridial growth area and colonies number when bacteria were cultivated together in sheep blood agar plates. the growth inhibition of c. perfringens was only observed when b. (s.) pilosicoli grew 72-96 hours sooner than c. perfringens and after the inoculum of this latter the plates were anaerobically incubated for additional 48 hours. the phenomenon was obs ... | 2002 | 12019719 |
| the first strain of clostridium perfringens isolated from an avian source has an alpha-toxin with divergent structural and kinetic properties. | clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin is a 370-residue, zinc-dependent, phospholipase c that is the key virulence determinant in gas gangrene. it is also implicated in the pathogenesis of sudden death syndrome in young animals and necrotic enteritis in chickens. previously characterized alpha-toxins from different strains of c. perfringens are almost identical in sequence and biochemical properties. we describe the cloning, nucleotide sequencing, expression, characterization, and crystal structure ... | 2002 | 12009886 |
| identification of a novel locus that regulates expression of toxin genes in clostridium perfringens. | a novel gene that regulates the alpha-toxin (plc), kappa-toxin (cola), and theta;-toxin (pfoa) genes was identified using toxin-negative mutant strains of clostridium perfringens. the cloned 3.2-kb fragment contained the virx gene encoding a 51-amino acid polypeptide of unknown function that seemed to be responsible for the activation of toxin genes. the virx knock out mutant of wild-type strain 13 showed a reduced expression of the plc, cola, and pfoa genes, which was complemented by the transf ... | 2002 | 12007663 |
| evaluation of n-acetylchitooligosaccharides as the main carbon sources for the growth of intestinal bacteria. | n-acetylchitooligosaccharides ((glcnac)(n)) with different degrees of polymerization (n=1-6) were prepared as the main carbon sources in media for evaluating the growth of nine intestinal bacteria. a chitohydrolysate was prepared by hydrolyzing shrimp-shell chitin using hcl. after purification, the purity of each (glcnac)(1-6) was >86%. the growth of intestinal bacteria was carried out in a basal medium (bm) containing 0.2% (w/v) of each sugar or glucose as the main carbon source and was evaluat ... | 2002 | 12007653 |
| analysis of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin b (mls(b)) resistance determinant in strains of clostridium difficile. | the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin b (mlsb) resistance determinants have been detected among clostridia in both c. perfringens and c. difficile strains. previous studies have shown that mlsb-resistant c. difficile strains can be differentiated by specific hybridizing bands using an erm(b) probe. a recent study has demonstrated that c. difficile 630, a strain highly resistant to clindamycin and erythromycin (mic > or = 256 ml/l), showing a hybridizing band at 9.7 kb, contains two copies of a ... | 2002 | 12002649 |
| reduction of enteric microbes in flushed swine wastewater treated by a biological aerated filter and uv irradiation. | an aerobic biofilter system was studied to assess its effectiveness for reducing enteric microbial indicators in flushed swine wastewater under different seasonal conditions. a laboratory-scale, low-pressure uv collimated beam apparatus was used to investigate the effectiveness of uv irradiation for inactivating enteric bacteria, coliphages, and bacterial spores in treated and untreated swine wastewater having unfiltered absorbances of 5 to 11 cm(-1) and total suspended solids concentrations of ... | 2002 | 11995872 |
| clostridium perfringens and foodborne infections. | clostridium perfringens type a food poisoning is one of the more common in the industrialised world. this bacterium is also responsible for the rare but severe food borne necrotic enteritis. c. perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) has been shown to be the virulence factor responsible for causing the symptoms of c. perfringens type a food poisoning. cpe is a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 3.5 kda that binds to receptors on the target epithelial cells. through a unique four-step memb ... | 2002 | 11981970 |
| [aerobilia: a rare consequence of anaerobic acute cholecystitis: a case report]. | acute acalculous cholecystitis is rare in non critically ill or postoperative patients. we report a case of acute acalculous cholecystitis with secondary bile infection with clostridium perfringens. ultrasound and tomodensitometry revealed diffuse aerobilia. the germ in this case report is atypical and contrasts with the very discrete clinical findings. aerobilia, secondary to the development of bacteria in the biliary tract falsely suggested a bilio-digestive fistula. treatment included a simpl ... | 2002 | 11981474 |
| proteome and transcriptome analysis of the virulence genes regulated by the virr/virs system in clostridium perfringens. | the proteins under the control of the two-component system virr/virs in clostridium perfringens were analyzed by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of the culture supernatant from the wild type and the virr mutant. based on matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight/mass spectrometry, seven positively regulated proteins and eight negatively regulated proteins were identified. transcriptome analysis confirmed that 7 of the 15 proteins were regulated by the virr/virs system ... | 2002 | 11976286 |
| microbial load of drinking water reservoir tributaries during extreme rainfall and runoff. | hygienic and microbiological examinations of watercourses are usually not carried out during heavy rainfall and runoff events. after rainfall or snowmelt, there are often massive increases in turbidity in flooding creeks in mountain ranges, which are frequently interpreted as an indication of microbial contamination. the aim of this study was to quantify the microbial loads of watercourses during such runoff events and to compare these loads with loads occurring during regular conditions. in a 1 ... | 2002 | 11976088 |
| fatal clostridial sepsis after spontaneous abortion. | although obstetric mortality due to complications of clostridium perfringens infection is rare at present, we report a case of fatal clostridial sepsis secondary to a septic spontaneous abortion. | 2002 | 11975951 |
| necrotizing fasciitis with clostridium perfringens after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. | necrotizing fasciitis is a rapidly progressive infection of the fascia and subcutaneous tissues accompanied by a high mortality rate approaching 80% to 100%. factors that predispose patients to this life-threatening complication include obesity, malnutrition, malignancy, chronic alcoholism, drug abuse, peripheral vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and immunosuppressive therapy. the pathomechanisms for the development of this rare disease still remain unclear. we report a case of necrotizing fa ... | 2002 | 11972228 |
| the luxs gene is involved in cell-cell signalling for toxin production in clostridium perfringens. | a gram-positive anaerobic pathogen, clostridium perfringens, causes clostridial myonecrosis or gas gangrene in humans by producing numerous extracellular toxins and enzymes that act in concert to degrade host tissues. c. perfringens possesses a homologue of the luxs gene that is reported to be responsible for the production of autoinducer 2 (ai-2), which participates in quorum sensing in bacteria. the luxs mutant was constructed using c. perfringens strain 13, and the role of the luxs gene in to ... | 2002 | 11967077 |
| identification of essential residues in the erm(b) rrna methyltransferase of clostridium perfringens. | macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin b resistance is widespread, with the determinants encoding resistance to antibiotics such as erythromycin being detected in many bacterial pathogens. resistance is most commonly mediated by the production of an erm protein, a 23s rrna methyltransferase. we have undertaken a mutational analysis of the erm(b) protein from clostridium perfringens with the objective of developing a greater understanding of the mechanism of action of this protein. a recombinant pla ... | 2002 | 11959553 |
| autonomous expression of the slo gene of the bicistronic nga-slo operon of streptococcus pyogenes. | a recent model for cytolysin-mediated translocation in streptococcus pyogenes proposes that nad-glycohydrolase is translocated through streptolysin o-generated pores into a host cell (j. madden, n. ruiz, and m. caparon, cell 104:143-152, 2001). this model also assumes that the nad-glycohydrolase (nga) and streptolysin o (slo) genes that code for these products are organized in an operon-like structure expressed from a single promoter only (nga). we expand this model by showing that slo possesses ... | 2002 | 11953421 |
| microbiological quality and safety of ready-to-eat cooked foods from a centralized school kitchen in argentina. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the microbiological and sensory quality as well as the safety of ready-to-eat (rte) cooked foods prepared in and distributed from a centralized kitchen to schools in argentina. a total of 101 cooked food samples delivered as hot rte cooked foods (group a) and as rte cooked foods at room temperature (group b) and 140 surface swab environment samples were collected from february to november 1999. petrifilm plates were used for aerobic (pac), coliform (pcc) ... | 2002 | 11952212 |
| co-processing of organic fraction of municipal solid waste and primary sludge--stabilization and disinfection. | batch mesophilic digesters were fed a mixture of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (of-msw) and primary sludge (ps), and operated under non-mixing condition at a 30-day influent mass retention time. the reactors were started in a slurry mode and brought to the target level of 26-30% total solids in about 3 months from start. two feed characteristics, the level of ps solids in the feed, and the particle size of the of-msw, were the variables used to determine their effect on methane p ... | 2002 | 11950075 |
| identification of the clostridium perfringens genes involved in the adaptive response to oxidative stress. | clostridium perfringens is a ubiquitous gram-positive pathogen that is present in the air, soil, animals, and humans. although c. perfringens is strictly anaerobic, vegetative and stationary cells can survive in a growth-arrested stage in the presence of oxygen and/or low concentrations of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. indeed, it possesses an adaptive response to oxidative stress, which can be activated in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. to identify the genes involved in this oxidativ ... | 2002 | 11948145 |
| changes in the microflora of man during long-term confinement. | extended space missions may change the human normal microflora, including the intestinal flora. the bacterial composition of the intestinal microflora is an important factor in natural resistance to infection. during the year-long medico-engineering experiment human intestinal microflora was thoroughly studied. it was necessary to collect more detailed information concerning the composition in healthy people. 83 microbiological tests of faeces of 27 healthy male subjects were carried out. it was ... | 1971 | 11942343 |
| ribotyping of clostridium perfringens from industrially produced ground meat. | clostridium (cl.) perfringens is a common cause of food poisoning outbreaks. ribosomal dna analysis (ribotyping), a method which analyses restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the chromosomal genes that encode rrna, has been shown to be useful for microbial species identification and subtyping. | 2002 | 11940151 |
| in vitro effect of intracanal medicaments on strict anaerobes by means of the broth dilution method. | the determination of bacterial susceptibility to intracanal medicaments is a necessity. nevertheless, few studies utilize the proper methodology to carry out that evaluation with anaerobes. in this study, the steps of a broth dilution method, carried out in microplates (microdilution) and tubes (macrodilution), to test the effect of traditional intracanal medicaments on anaerobic bacteria are described. the results are presented as values of minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (mi ... | 2002 | 11938715 |
| a probabilistic analysis of clostridium perfringens growth during food service operations. | the purpose of this study was threefold: first, the study was designed to illustrate the use of data and information collected in food safety surveys in a quantitative risk assessment. in this case, the focus was on the food service industry; however, similar data from other parts of the food chain could be similarly incorporated. the second objective was to quantitatively describe and better understand the role that the food service industry plays in the safety of food. the third objective was ... | 2002 | 11934039 |
| transcytosis of iota-toxin across polarized caco-2 cells. | iota-toxin from clostridium perfringens type e is a binary toxin consisting of two independent proteins, an enzymatic ia and binding ib component. ia catalyses adp-ribosylation of actin monomers, thus disrupting the actin cytoskeleton. in this report, we show that ia plus ib applied apically or basolaterally induce a rapid decrease in the transepithelial resistance (ter) of caco-2 cell monolayers and disorganization of actin filaments as well as the tight and adherens junctions. ib alone, on the ... | 2002 | 11929541 |
| postoperative clostridium perfringens lumbar discitis with septicemia: report of a case with survival. | this case report describes the successful treatment of a case of clostridium perfringens postoperative discitis and suggests a management protocol for this condition. the medical literature to date reports only one similar case, treated without success. the patient has been well but the affected space later collapsed with mechanical pain and has required fusion. c. perfringens discitis can be treated successfully. | 2002 | 11927829 |
| armed to the teeth. | 2002 | 11912016 | |
| nobiloside, a new neuraminidase inhibitory triterpenoidal saponin from the marine sponge erylus nobilis. | a neuraminidase inhibitor, nobiloside (1), was isolated from the marine sponge erylus nobilis thiele, 1903. its structure was determined as a penasterol trisaccharide. the absolute configurations were determined by nmr and chiral gc analysis. it inhibited neuraminidase from the bacterium clostridium perfringens with an ic50 value of 0.46 microg/ml. | 2002 | 11908993 |
| [diagnosis and epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of clostridium perfringens food poisoning]. | clostridium perfringens is a classical agent of food-borne disease but because of the mildness and self-limiting nature of the illness, many cases are undiagnosed. this study describes the investigation of an outbreak of diarrhea due to c. perfringens in a public restaurant. | 2002 | 11904084 |
| selective responses of three ginkgo biloba leaf-derived constituents on human intestinal bacteria. | the selective responses of ginkgo biloba leaf-derived materials against six intestinal bacteria was examined using an impregnated paper disk method and compared with that of bilobalide, ginkgolides a and b, kaempferol, and quercetin. the components of g. biloba leaves were characterized as kaempferol 3-o-alpha-(6' "-p-coumaroylglucosyl-beta-1,4-rhamnoside), kaempferol 3-o-(2' '-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside, and quercetin 3-o-alpha-(6' "-p-coumaroylglucosyl-beta-1,4-rhamnosid ... | 2002 | 11902921 |
| an epidemiological survey of clostridium perfringens-associated enterotoxemia at an army veterinary treatment facility. | the purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of clostridium perfringens-associated vomiting and diarrhea in canine and feline patients at the okinawa branch veterinary service and to establish a relationship between dietary indiscretion and the presence of clostridial enterotoxemia. stool samples were obtained from 38 control animals and 44 animals with vomiting and diarrhea during a 3-month period. for each sample, fecal cytology were examined for the presence of c. perfringens, whi ... | 2002 | 11901570 |
| the listeria monocytogenes hemolysin has an acidic ph optimum to compartmentalize activity and prevent damage to infected host cells. | listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen that escapes from a phagosome and grows in the host cell cytosol. the pore-forming cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, listeriolysin o (llo), mediates bacterial escape from vesicles and is approximately 10-fold more active at an acidic than neutral ph. by swapping dissimilar residues from a ph-insensitive orthologue, perfringolysin o (pfo), we identified leucine 461 as unique to pathogenic listeria and responsible for the acid ... | 2002 | 11901168 |
| a role for the clostridium perfringens beta2 toxin in bovine enterotoxaemia? | non-enterotoxigenic type a clostridium perfringens are associated with bovine enterotoxaemia, but the alpha toxin is not regarded as responsible for the production of typical lesions of necrotic and haemorrhagic enteritis. the purpose of this study was to investigate the putative role of the more recently described beta2 toxin. seven hundred and fourteen non-enterotoxigenic type a c. perfringens isolated from 133 calves with lesions of enterotoxaemia and high clostridial cell counts (study popul ... | 2002 | 11900954 |
| shima drinking water--a bacteriological analysis. | 300 water samples, 60 from piped supply and 240 from 20 natural sources were analyzed bacteriologically for four important bacterial indicators every month over a period of one year. the mpn of total coliforms, escherichia coli, streptococcus faecalis were detected by multiple tube method and clostridium perfringens was isolated using litmus milk medium. from piped water supply, only one sample was found unfit for human consumption. the plate count at 37 degrees c and 22 degrees c varied from 0. ... | 2001 | 11898462 |
| meningitis and shunt infection caused by anaerobic bacteria in children. | this review describes the microbiology and management of meningitis and shunt infections caused by anaerobic bacteria in children. the predominant anaerobes recovered in meningitis are bacteriodes spp., bacteriodes fragilis, fusobacterium spp., and clostridium spp. peptostreptococcus, veillonella, actinomyces, propionibacterium acnes, and eubacterium are less commonly isolated. the predisposing conditions for meningitis are acute or chronic middle-ear infection, sinusitis, pharyngitis, and pulmo ... | 2002 | 11897473 |
| evidence for antibiotic induced clostridium perfringens diarrhoea. | 2002 | 11896084 | |
| binding component of clostridium perfringens iota-toxin induces endocytosis in vero cells. | clostridium perfringens iota-toxin is a binary toxin consisting of two individual proteins, the binding component (ib) and the enzyme component (ia). wild-type ib bound to vero cells at 4 and 37 degrees c and formed oligomers at 37 degrees c but not at 4 degrees c. the ib-induced k(+) release from the cells was dependent on the oligomer formation of ib in the cells, but the oligomer formation did not induce rounding activity or cytotoxicity. after incubation of the cells with recombinant ib (rib ... | 2002 | 11895954 |
| intravascular hemolysis from a clostridium perfringens liver abscess. | 2002 | 11893140 | |
| perfringolysin o expression in clostridium perfringens is independent of the upstream pfor gene. | the pathogenesis of clostridium perfringens-mediated gas gangrene or clostridial myonecrosis involves the extracellular toxins alpha-toxin and perfringolysin o. previous studies (t. shimizu, a. okabe, j. minami, and h. hayashi, infect. immun. 59:137-142, 1991) carried out with escherichia coli suggested that the perfringolysin o structural gene, pfoa, was positively regulated by the product of the upstream pfor gene. in an attempt to confirm this hypothesis in c. perfringens, a pfor-pfoa deletio ... | 2002 | 11889112 |
| characterization of clostridium perfringens strains isolated from polish patients with suspected antibiotic-associated diarrhea. | the aim of our research was to investigate the role of enterotoxin- producing anaerobic bacteria other than clostridium difficile in the etiology of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. this article presents data related to c. perfringens. | 2002 | 11887023 |
| expression of a small rna, bs203 rna, from the yoci-yocj intergenic region of bacillus subtilis genome. | we isolated and characterized a novel small rna from bacillus subtilis. we termed this molecule bs203 rna from the length of its mature form (203 nt) and located the corresponding gene at the yoci-yocj intergenic region on the b. subtilis genome. northern blotting revealed that it is transcribed in vegetative growing cells and that the amount of bs203 rna decreased in the middle of the vegetative phase. a computer-aided prediction of the bs203 rna secondary structure revealed three characteristi ... | 2002 | 11886746 |
| bacterial indices of drinking water from natural sources. | two hundred forty samples of water from twenty natural sources were subjected to the study for the detection of four bacterial indicators of faecal pollution. the samples were subjected to the detection of coliform, faecal coliform, e. coli, s. faecalis, cl. welchii and plate count at 37 degrees c and 22 degrees c. all these samples were found unfit for human consumption. mpn for coliforms, e. coli and s. faecalis varied from 3 to 1800 per 100 ml of water, sero to 1800 per 100 ml water and zero ... | 2001 | 11883127 |
| oral administration of arabinogalactan affects immune status and fecal microbial populations in dogs. | seven ileally cannulated dogs were randomly assigned to a control or arabinogalactan (ag) treatments in a 7 x 7 latin square design to evaluate effects of oral ag administration on nutritional and immunological characteristics. arabinogalactan treatments included a high (1.65 g/d) and low (0.55 g/d) dose of ag100, ag1000 or ag3000 provided via gelatin capsules. arabinogalactan forms differed in purification procedures. each period consisted of a 6-d adaptation followed by a 4-d collection. blood ... | 2002 | 11880574 |
| occurrence of clostridia in commercially available curry roux. | the occurrence of clostridia was investigated in a total of 60 commercially available curry roux samples. clostridia were isolated from 37 (62%) samples, and clostridium perfringens was isolated from 7 (12%) samples. the isolates of c. perfringens did not produce enterotoxin. the frequency of occurrence was higher by the enrichment broth culture detection method than by the agar plate or pouch method. these findings suggest that enrichment broth culture is necessary for the detection of clostrid ... | 2001 | 11875825 |
| topical mafenide hydrochloride aqueous spray in initial management of massive contaminated wounds with devitalized tissue. | since at least wwii, some open, contaminated wounds involving massive soft tissue injury and vascular damage have resulted in "irreversible shock," despite prompt rescue, hemorrhage control, and blood and fluid replacement, without signs of clinical infection. in animal studies, survival time was related statistically to the dosage of clostridium perfringens in multicontaminated explosive wounds. survival time was lengthened by the application of some topical antibacterial agents, but actual rec ... | 2001 | 11875802 |
| influence of soil on fecal indicator organisms in a tidally influenced subtropical environment. | the potential regrowth of fecal indicator bacteria released into coastal environments in recreational water bodies has been of concern, especially in tropical and subtropical areas where the number of these bacteria can be artificially elevated beyond that from fecal impacts alone. the task of determining the factors that influence indicator bacterial regrowth was addressed though a series of field sampling and laboratory experiments using in situ densities of escherichia coli, enterococci, and ... | 2002 | 11872464 |
| clostridial myonecrosis cluster among injection drug users: a molecular epidemiology investigation. | a molecular epidemiologic investigation was performed on a cluster of severe necrotizing clostridium infections in 5 injection drug users admitted to an urban community hospital. interviews with survivors suggested a point source of infection. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of smai restriction digests was performed to determine the molecular relatedness of clinically obtained isolates and isolates obtained from heroin samples and the home environment. a common clonal strain was found in clostr ... | 2002 | 11871919 |
| a fatal sandwich. | 2001 | 11871497 | |
| new approaches and old problems in the shadow of bioterrorism. | 2002 | 11864812 | |
| antianaerobic activity of a cecropin---melittin peptide. | objective: several small, 15-residue peptides that contain portions of the amino acid sequences of both cecropin a and melittin have previously been shown to have broad-spectrum antibacterial activities against aerobic microorganisms, with no undesirable hemolytic properties. it would also be useful to know what effect these hybrid peptides have on anaerobic bacteria. methods: the minimum inhibitory concentrations of one hybrid, ca(1--7)m(2--9)nh2, were compared with those of seven other antimic ... | 1998 | 11864323 |
| detection of enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens with a duplex pcr. | two sets of primers designed to detect clostridium perfringens phospholipase c (plc) and enterotoxin (cpe) genes in a single pcr reaction were applied to a collection of 64 predominantly food poisoning-related c. perfringens isolates. in-vitro enterotoxin synthesis was tested serologically after inducing sporulation. of the 64 isolates, 26 were clearly enterotoxigenic; 16 were classified as potentially enterotoxigenic only as serological testing did not confirm enterotoxin production. duplex pcr ... | 2002 | 11863268 |
| the regulatory effects of whey retentate from bifidobacteria fermented milk on the microbiota of the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (shime). | to investigate the effects of whey retentate from bifidobacteria fermented milk. | 2001 | 11851820 |
| clostridial virr/virs regulon involves a regulatory rna molecule for expression of toxins. | we analysed the region encoding vr-rna (virr-regulated rna), which has been reported to be positively regulated by the two-component virr/virs system in clostridium perfringens. the vr-rna promoter identified by primer extension analysis was preceded by a probable virr-binding site (ccagttnnncac), which resembled a repeated sequence motif present in the promoter region of the theta-toxin (pfoa) gene. a vr-rna-null mutant, constructed by a homologous recombination, exhibited a reduced amount of t ... | 2002 | 11849553 |
| clostridium perfringens toxin types in hooded seals in the greenland sea, determined by pcr and elisa. | very little is known about the occurrence of clostridium perfringens and of diseases caused by this anaerobic bacterium in marine mammals, especially those that are free-living. during a scientific expedition to the greenland sea (west ice) in spring 1999, faeces samples from 70 hooded seals (cystophora cristata) were taken to isolate c. perfiringens. subsequently, pcr analysis of the isolates was performed with oligonucleotide primers of the genes encoding the four major lethal toxins (alpha, b ... | 2001 | 11846022 |
| survival and growth of enterotoxin-positive and enterotoxin-negative clostridium perfringens in laboratory media. | the survival and growth characteristics of enterotoxin-positive and enterotoxin-negative clostridium perfringens were compared. spores of c. perfringens were heated and incubated in laboratory media to simulate the cooking and inadequate storage of cooked food. in our experiment, enterotoxin-positive and enterotoxin-negative spores were heated and incubated individually and it was found that spores of enterotoxin-positive strains were more heat-resistant than spores of the enterotoxin-negative s ... | 2002 | 11845822 |
| sepsis due to clostridium perfringens after pregnancy termination with feticide by cordocentesis: a case report. | we report a case of sepsis due to clostridium perfringens after termination of pregnancy at 22 weeks with feticide by cordocentesis. three weeks earlier, the 41-year-old patient had undergone an amniocentesis and a full trisomy 13 karyotype had been discovered. feticide was performed by injection of thiopental and potassium chloride after percutaneous umbilical foetal blood sampling through the same needle. the patient delivered vaginally with signs of chorioamnionitis and septicaemia. she recov ... | 2002 | 11844919 |
| characterization of a novel endo-beta-galactosidase specific for releasing the disaccharide glcnac alpha 1-->4gal from glycoconjugates. | in contrast to the beta-linked glcnac, the alpha-linked glcnac has not been commonly found in glycoconjugates. we have recently revealed the presence of an unusual endo-beta-galactosidase (endo-beta-gal(gnga)) in clostridium perfringens capable of releasing glcnacalpha1-->4gal from glycans expressed in the gastric mucous cell-type mucin [ashida, h., anderson, k., nakayama, j., maskos, k., chou, c.-w., cole, r. b., li, s.-c., and li, y.-t. (2001) j. biol. chem. 276, 28226-28232]. to characterize ... | 2002 | 11841232 |
| removal of bacterial and viral faecal indicator organisms in a waste stabilization pond system in choconta, cundinamarca (colombia). | a major objective for domestic wastewater treatment using waste stabilization pond systems is the removal of pathogenic microorganisms. traditional evaluation parameters for faecal contamination are the total and faecal coliforms. however, epidemiological studies, environmental resistance and the behaviour in the treatment systems, show that viruses are an important disease agent and even more resistant to disinfection than bacteria. therefore, it is important to introduce viruses as a faecal in ... | 2002 | 11833732 |
| population-based study of fecal shedding of clostridium perfringens in broodmares and foals. | to determine the percentage of broodmares and foals that shed clostridium perfringens in their feces and classify the genotypes of those isolates. | 2002 | 11829266 |
| ecvam's contributions to the implementation of the three rs in the production and quality control of biologicals. | a summary is presented of the activities initiated, and the progress achieved, between april 1993 and december 2001 in implementing the three rs in one of the main priority areas of the european centre for the validation of alternative methods (ecvam) - the production and quality control of biologicals. these have included organising eight key workshops, and financial contributions to, and sponsorship of, relevant international workshops, symposia and conferences. noteworthy activities include f ... | 2002 | 11827574 |
| [wound botulism after drug injection]. | clinical presentation: a 32-year old male drug user presented with diplopia, ataxia and general weakness. the patient had abscesses on arms and legs at injection sites, bilateral ptosis, a bifacial weakness, nasal speech, severely reduced ability to raise his arms and a positive trendelelenburg sign with normal motor neuron reflexes and normal sensation. clinical and laboratory tests: the haematological values indicated a hypochromic, microcytic anaemia (12,1 mg/dl), a slight leuko (10,8 g/l) - ... | 2002 | 11821991 |
| adhesive property of bifidobacterium lactis lkm512 and predominant bacteria of intestinal microflora to human intestinal mucin. | the adhesive property to the intestinal mucin of bifidobacterium lactis lkm512, b. longum, b. breve, b. bifidum, b. adolescentis, b. infantis, bacteroides vulgatus, bacteroides distasonis, eubacterium aerofaciens, clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli, and lactobacillus acidophilus were examined. adhesive rate of lkm512 to the mucin was significantly (p < 0.05, 0.01, or 0.001) stronger than the other strains from 2 to 100 time. though the adhesive property of many strains was almost same to ... | 2002 | 11821930 |
| effects of intravenous injection of clostridium perfringens type d epsilon toxin in calves. | in cattle, a neurological lesion similar to that produced in sheep and goats by clostridium perfringens type d enterotoxaemia has been reported. however, no causal relationship has been established between this disease and the lesion in cattle. the effects of single and multiple intravenous injections of epsilon toxin in three calves aged 6 months were studied. a further calf was inoculated intravenously with saline solution and used as a control. epsilon toxin invariably produced neurological s ... | 2002 | 11814324 |
| epidemiologic profiling: evaluating foodborne outbreaks for which no pathogen was isolated by routine laboratory testing: united states, 1982-9. | the objective was to evaluate foodborne outbreaks of undetermined aetiology by comparing them to pathogen-specific epidemiologic profiles of laboratory-confirmed foodborne outbreaks. national foodborne outbreak data reported to cdc during 1982-9 were categorized by clinico-epidemiologic profiles based on incubation, duration, percent vomiting, fever and vomiting to fever ratio. from the pathogen-specific profiles, five syndromes were developed: a vomiting-toxin syndrome resembling bacillus cereu ... | 2001 | 11811869 |
| removal of bacterial indicators and pathogens from dairy wastewater by a multi-component treatment system. | microbial removal by a multi-component treatment system for dairy and municipal wastewater is being studied in arizona, usa. the system consists of paired solids separators, anaerobic lagoons, aerobic ponds and constructed wetlands cells. the organisms under study include: total coliform, fecal coliform, enterovirus, listeria monocytogenes, clostridium perfringens, coliphage, giardia lamblia and cryptosporidium parvum. organism removal rates from dairy wastewater varied from 13.2 per cent for fe ... | 2001 | 11804092 |
| microbial indicator removal in onsite constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in the southeastern u.s. | seven onsite constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in the coastal plains of alabama and north carolina were studied from september 1997 to july 1998. each site was examined for its ability to remove a range of fecal contamination indicators from settled wastewater. indicator organisms include total and fecal coliforms, enterococci, clostridium perfringens, and somatic and male-specific (f+) coliphages. four identical domestic wastewater treatment sites in alabama were evaluated. in these ... | 2001 | 11804091 |
| [genome analysis of pathogenic bacteria]. | 2001 | 11802401 | |
| monomer-monomer interactions drive the prepore to pore conversion of a beta-barrel-forming cholesterol-dependent cytolysin. | perfringolysin o (pfo), a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, forms large oligomeric pore complexes comprised of up to 50 pfo molecules. in the present studies a mutant of pfo (pfo(y181a)) has been identified that traps pfo in a multimeric prepore complex that cannot insert its transmembrane beta-hairpins and therefore cannot form a pore. remarkably, pfo(y181a) can be induced to insert its transmembrane beta-hairpins if functional pfo is incorporated into the pfo(y181a) oligomeric prepore complex. ... | 2002 | 11799121 |
| [cloning and expression of scfv gene against alpha-toxin of clostridium perfringens type a]. | the vh and vl genes from a hybridoma cell line producing mouse mcab against alpha-toxin of clostridium perfringens type a were amplified by rt-pcr. the vh and vl genes were connected thought a flexible linker (gly4ser)3 and the vh-linker-vl (scfv) gene was cloned into a vector pgem-t. the scfv gene consists of 726 bp encoding 242 amino acid residues. both vh and vl genes were confirmed as functionally rearranged mouse immunoglobulin variable region. according to kabat classed method, the vh and ... | 2001 | 11797218 |
| fatal enteritis necroticans (pigbel) in a diabetic adult. | enteritis necroticans is a segmental necrotizing infection of the jejunum and ileum caused by clostridium perfringens, type c. the disease occurs sporadically in parts of asia, africa, and the south pacific, where it primarily affects children with severe protein malnutrition. the disease is extremely rare in developed countries, where it has been seen primarily in diabetics. two cases have previously been reported in the united states, one in a child with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes. a 66 ... | 2002 | 11796843 |
| abiotic factors affecting inactivation of pathogens in sludge. | pathogen inactivation tests on anaerobically digested and dewatered sludge consisted of long-term incubation/storage of a mixture of sludge solids and lime at various doses in closed containers at several temperature levels. the containers simulated anoxic conditions that would exist in a landfill or a sludge monofill. after rapid initial increase of ph, and due to containment of the sludge, the alkaline conditions prevailed during the remainder of the storage. this led to inactivation of pathog ... | 2001 | 11794685 |
| complete genome sequence of clostridium perfringens, an anaerobic flesh-eater. | clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive anaerobic spore-forming bacterium that causes life-threatening gas gangrene and mild enterotoxaemia in humans, although it colonizes as normal intestinal flora of humans and animals. the organism is known to produce a variety of toxins and enzymes that are responsible for the severe myonecrotic lesions. here we report the complete 3,031,430-bp sequence of c. perfringens strain 13 that comprises 2,660 protein coding regions and 10 rrna genes, showing pro ... | 2002 | 11792842 |
| incidence of clostridium perfringens in broiler chickens and their environment during production and processing. | during a calendar year, a study was conducted involving 16 broiler flocks on four different farms, two farms belonging to each of two major u.s. poultry integrators. as determined by the detection of clostridium perfringens in fecal or cecal samples, 15 (94%) of the flocks became positive for this bacterial enteropathogen, and only one remained negative throughout the 6-to-8-wk rearing period. paper pads beneath chicks that were transported from the hatchery to the rearing house were contaminate ... | 2001 | 11785893 |
| prevalence of clostridium perfringens in commercial broiler hatcheries. | clostridium perfringens, a cause of human foodborne and poultry disease, has been isolated from the intestinal tract of poultry and from the processed carcass. little is known about the incidence and sources of this pathogen in the poultry production environment. to determine if the broiler hatchery is a possible source of c. perfringens, we collected samples from three hatcheries, each operated by a different poultry integrator, and the presence of c. perfringens in these samples was determined ... | 2001 | 11785877 |
| clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin induces rabbit neutrophil adhesion. | clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin, which is one of the main agents involved in the development of gas gangrene, stimulates o(2)(-)production in neutrophils. exposure of rabbit neutrophils to the alpha-toxin induced firm adhesion of the cells to fibrinogen and fibronectin. incubation of rabbit neutrophils and neutrophil lysates with alpha-toxin led to the production of diacylglycerol (dg) and l-alpha-phosphatidic acid (pa), respectively. the toxin-induced dg and pa formation preceded the toxin- ... | 2002 | 11782516 |
| the failure of oral tolerance induction is functionally coupled to the absence of t cells in peyer's patches under germfree conditions. | although intestinal bacterial flora has been thought to play a role in the induction of oral tolerance, the mechanism has yet to be elucidated. we therefore examined the bacterial flora-dependent acquisition of susceptibility to oral tolerance induction using a gnotobiotic murine model. germ-free (gf) mice exhibited a significant shortage of t cells in the pps in comparison to spf mice. a recovery in the number of such t cells was accomplished in the gnotobiotic mice associated with bifidobacter ... | 2001 | 11776399 |
| diagnosis and management of clostridium perfringens sepsis and uterine gas gangrene. | the progression of clostridium perfringens endomyometritis to gas gangrene is a rare, but greatly feared complication in the obstetrical patient. while endometritis following cesarean delivery is a common complication, recognition of c. perfringens as the pathogen as well as its progression to gas formation in the myometrium is essential to the survival of the patient. we present a patient that we recently cared for, and review the bacteriology, clinical diagnosis, and management. | 2002 | 11773832 |
| ertapenem: a new carbapenem. | ertapenem is a new 1-beta-methyl carbapenem, stable to dehydropeptidase, which binds preferable to penicillin-binding proteins (pbp) 2 and 3. ertapenem has a broad antibacterial spectrum with mic90 values < 0.5 mg/l for penicillin-susceptible streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, escherichia coli, citrobacter spp., klebsiella spp., serratia spp., proteus spp., clostridium perfringens, fusobact ... | 2001 | 11772242 |
| occurrence of clostridium perfringens in the broiler chicken processing plant as determined by recovery in iron milk medium. | over 30 years ago, clostridium perfringens was reported as a contaminant of the processing plant and processed carcasses of broiler chickens. poultry processing procedures and methods for detecting c. perfringens have changed since that time. therefore, a study was conducted to determine the incidence and numbers of c. perfringens in the water of the scald tank, the water of the chill tank, and the rinse water of the processed carcasses from modern broiler chicken processing plants. in trial 1, ... | 2001 | 11770623 |
| retroperitoneal gas gangrene complicating elective inguinal hernia repair. | gas gangrene is a well recognised complication of contaminated military wounds. a case of clostridial myonecrosis following elective inguinal hernia repair is described. the pathology, clinical features and management of this life-threatening condition are reviewed. | 2001 | 11766214 |
| clostridium perfringens beta2-toxin in an african elephant (loxodonta africana) with ulcerative enteritis. | a 22-year-old female african elephant (loxodonta africana) developed diarrhoea of unknown cause which lasted for two days. the animal was euthanased after it remained recumbent and refused to get up. gross pathological changes were present mainly in the gastrointestinal tract. the intestinal contents were watery and dark brown. several areas of the mucosa of the small intestine were covered minimally to moderately with fibrin and had a few 0.1 x 10 to 15 cm linear ulcerations. microscopical lesi ... | 2001 | 11761293 |
| immunoelectron microscopic localization of cholesterol using biotinylated and non-cytolytic perfringolysin o. | we used a proteolytically modified and biotinylated derivative of the cholesterol-binding theta-toxin (perfringolysin o) to localize cholesterol-rich membranes in cryosections of cultured human lymphoblastoid cells (rn) by electron microscopy. we developed a fixation and immunolabeling procedure to improve the preservation of membranes and minimize the extraction and dislocalization of cholesterol on thin sections. we also labeled the surface of living cells and applied high-pressure freezing an ... | 2002 | 11748293 |
| antimicrobial activity of some pacific northwest woods against anaerobic bacteria and yeast. | extracts of woods commonly used for animal bedding were tested for antimicrobial activity. essential oils from alaska cedar (chamaecyparis nootkatensis), western juniper (juniperus occidentalis) and old growth douglas fir (pseudotsuga menziesii) as well as methanol extracts of wood from these trees plus western red cedar (thuja plicata) and ponderosa pine (pinus ponderosa) were tested for antimicrobial activity against anaerobic bacteria and yeast. the test microbes included fusobacterium necrop ... | 2001 | 11746838 |
| interaction of clostridium perfringens iota-toxin with lipid bilayer membranes. demonstration of channel formation by the activated binding component ib and channel block by the enzyme component ia. | the interaction between model lipid membranes and the binding component (ib) of the adp-ribosylating iota-toxin of clostridium perfringens was studied in detail. ib had to be activated by trypsin to result in channel formation in artificial lipid bilayers. the channels formed readily by ib had a small single-channel conductance of about 85 picosiemens in 1 m kcl. channel function was blocked in single-channel and multichannel experiments by the enzymatic component ia in a ph-dependent manner. th ... | 2002 | 11741922 |
| phased a-tracts bind to the alpha subunit of rna polymerase with increased affinity at low temperature. | previously we showed that the expression of a clostridium perfringens phospholipase c gene (plc) is activated by promoter upstream phased a-tracts in a low temperature-dependent manner. in this paper we characterize the interaction between the alpha subunit of c. perfringens rna polymerase and the phased a-tracts. hydroxyl radical footprinting and fluorescence polarization assaying revealed that the alpha subunit binds to the minor grooves of the phased a-tracts through its c-terminal domain wit ... | 2001 | 11741595 |
| isolation and identification of clostridium perfringens in the venom and fangs of loxosceles intermedia (brown spider): enhancement of the dermonecrotic lesion in loxoscelism. | loxoscelism or the envenoming by the brown spiders (loxosceles genus spiders), may produce extensive dermonecrosis and hemorrhage at the bite site and, eventually, systemic reactions that may be lethal. isolation and identification of many different bacteria, among them clostridium perfringens, of great medical importance due to its involvement in dermonecrotizing and systemic conditions, was carried out from the venomous apparatus (fangs and venom) of spiders obtained directly from nature, thro ... | 2002 | 11738234 |
| the sialate-pyruvate lyase from pig kidney. elucidation of the primary structure and expression of recombinant enzyme activity. | the first complete primary structure of a mammalian sialate-pyruvate lyase, namely of the enzyme from porcine kidney, was elucidated by a combination of different pcr techniques followed by sequencing of the resulting fragments. the primers used were either deduced from four porcine lyase peptides or from an alignment of human and mouse expressed sequence tags (ests), which were found to be homologous to already known microbial lyase sequences, and cdna alone or after ligation with a plasmid vec ... | 2001 | 11737202 |
| induction of pcw3-encoded tetracycline resistance in clostridium perfringens involves a host-encoded factor. | the tetracycline resistance determinant tet p, which is encoded by the conjugative plasmid pcw3 from clostridium perfringens, is induced by subinhibitory concentrations of tetracycline. in this study we have shown that the inducible phenotype is strain dependent. when pcw3 is present in derivatives of the wild-type strains cw234 and cw362 resistance is inducible. however, transfer to derivatives of strain 13 leads to a constitutive phenotype that is only observed in this strain background. based ... | 2001 | 11735372 |
| general outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease linked with poultry, england and wales, 1992-1999. | between 1992 and 1999, 1426 foodborne general outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease (iid) were reported to the public health laboratory service communicable disease surveillance centre. a fifth were associated with the consumption of poultry. chicken was implicated in almost three quarters of these outbreaks, turkey in over a fifth and duck in 2% of outbreaks. the organisms most frequently reported were salmonella (30% of outbreaks), clostridium perfringens (21%) and campylobacter (6%). ove ... | 2001 | 11732355 |
| monitoring coastal marine waters for spore-forming bacteria of faecal and soil origin to determine point from non-point source pollution. | the us environmental protection agency (usepa) and the world health organization (who) have established recreational water quality standards limiting the concentrations of faecal indicator bacteria (faecal coliform, e. coli, enterococci) to ensure that these waters are safe for swimming. in the application of these hygienic water quality standards, it is assumed that there are no significant environmental sources of these faecal indicator bacteria which are unrelated to direct faecal contaminati ... | 2001 | 11724486 |
| preliminary microbiological investigation of the preparation of two traditional maori foods (kina and tiroi). | little information exists regarding the microbiology of two traditional maori food preparation processes which may involve fermentations. preliminary microbiological and chemical analyses were carried out on these two foods in order to identify the fermentations involved (if any). | 2001 | 11722658 |
| sanitary analysis of crude and composted activated sludge. | this paper presents a sanitary analysis of crude and composted activated sewage sludge from the sewage treatment plants in slawa near zielona g6ra in the period from september to december 1999. the composts were made from crude active sludge collected on 16.08.1999 with the addition of sawdust in a proportion of 15% with respect to dry sludge matter, and left in film bags with a capacity of 10 litres. composting was carried out at a temperature of 20 degrees c for 8 weeks. sanitary analysis of t ... | 2001 | 11720309 |
| transcriptional analysis of the tet(p) operon from clostridium perfringens. | the clostridium perfringens tetracycline resistance determinant from the 47-kb conjugative r-plasmid pcw3 is unique in that it consists of two overlapping genes, teta(p) and tetb(p), which mediate resistance by different mechanisms. detailed transcriptional analysis has shown that the inducible teta(p) and tetb(p) genes comprise an operon that is transcribed from a single promoter, p3, located 529 bp upstream of the teta(p) start codon. deletion of p3 or alteration of the spacing between the -35 ... | 2001 | 11717269 |
| similar frequency of detection of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin and clostridium difficile toxins in patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea. | 2001 | 11714055 | |
| sialic acids in gastropods. | the occurrence of n-acetylneuraminic acid and n-glycolylneuraminic acid residues in preparations of the slug arion lusitanicus (gastropoda) was determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate electrophoresis of the proteins followed by lectin blots stained with the sialic acid specific lectin from maackia amurensis, by the sensitivity of this binding to sialidase from clostridium perfringens, by specific fluorescent labelling of sialic acids with 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene, by the determination ... | 2001 | 11707275 |
| synergistic effects of alpha-toxin and perfringolysin o in clostridium perfringens-mediated gas gangrene. | to examine the synergistic effects of alpha-toxin and perfringolysin o in clostridial myonecrosis, homologous recombination was used to construct an alpha-toxin deficient derivative of a perfringolysin o mutant of clostridium perfringens. the subsequent strain was complemented with separate plasmids that carried the alpha-toxin structural gene (plc), the perfringolysin o gene (pfoa), or both toxin genes, and the resultant isogenic strains were examined in a mouse myonecrosis model. synergistic e ... | 2001 | 11705975 |