Publications

studies on the holoenzyme biogenesis of the spinach ferredoxin-nadp+ reductase.	an expression plasmid, pprefnr, in which the dna sequence coding for the spinach ferredoxin-nadp+ reductase precursor was under the control of prokaryotic transcription and translation initiation signals has been constructed. the plasmid directed the synthesis in escherichia coli of a 43-kda immunoreactive polypeptide which could be identified with the reductase preprotein. analyses of bacterial extracts showed that the precursor was unstable and devoid of catalytic activities, suggesting that t ...	1992	1444474
sequence-specific interaction between s1f, a spinach nuclear factor, and a negative cis-element conserved in plastid-related genes.	the nuclear gene rps1 coding for the spinach plastid ribosomal protein cs1 exhibits both a constitutive and leaf-specific expression pattern. in contrast to other chloroplast-related genes like rbcs and cab, the leaf induction of rps1 expression is light-independent. these unique features of rps1 expression provide good models to study the mechanisms regulating plastid development and differentiation in higher plants. we report on the identification of a spinach leaf nuclear factor, designated s ...	1992	1429696
purification and characterization of seven chloroplast ribosomal proteins: evidence that organelle ribosomal protein genes are functional and that nh2-terminal processing occurs via multiple pathways in chloroplasts.	putative genes for 21 ribosomal proteins (rps) have been identified in the chloroplast dna of four plants by nucleotide sequencing and homology comparison but few of the gene products have been characterized. here we report the purification and n-terminal sequencing of seven proteins from the spinach chloroplast ribosome. the data show them to be the homologues of escherichia coli rps l20, l32, l33, l36, s12, s16 and s19, and thus support the view that their genes identified in the chloroplast d ...	1992	1421149
role of the carboxy terminus of polypeptide d1 in the assembly of a functional water-oxidizing manganese cluster in photosystem ii of the cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. pcc 6803: assembly requires a free carboxyl group at c-terminal position 344.	the d1 polypeptide of the photosystem ii (psii) reaction center is synthesized as a precursor polypeptide which is posttranslationally processed at the carboxy terminus. it has been shown in spinach that such processing removes nine amino acids, leaving ala344 as the c-terminal residue [takahashi, m., shiraishi, t., & asada, k. (1988) febs lett. 240, 6-8; takahashi, y., nakane, h., kojima, h., & satoh, k. (1990) plant cell physiol. 31, 273-280]. we show here that processing on the carboxy side o ...	1992	1420199
subunit interactions of rubisco activase: polyethylene glycol promotes self-association, stimulates atpase and activation activities, and enhances interactions with rubisco.	the effect of polyethylene glycol (peg) on the enzymatic and physical properties of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) activase was examined. in the presence of peg, rubisco activase exhibited higher atpase and rubisco activating activities, concomitant with increased apparent affinity for atp and rubisco. specific atpase activity, which was dependent on rubisco activase concentration, was also higher in the presence of ficoll, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and bovine serum albumi ...	1992	1416997
multiple plant rna binding proteins identified by pcr: expression of cdnas encoding rna binding proteins targeted to chloroplasts in nicotiana plumbaginifolia.	pre-mrna processing in eukaryotic cells requires the participation of multiple protein factors and ribonucleoprotein particles. one class of proteins involved in this process are rna-binding proteins, which contain a domain of ca. 90 amino acids with a characteristic ribonucleoprotein consensus sequence (rnp-cs). a pcr approach that is suitable for the characterization of rnp-cs-type proteins is described. fifteen different rna-binding domains were amplified from nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) usin ...	1992	1406585
comparison of sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol from spinach and the purple bacterium rhodobacter spaeroides by fast atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry.	isolated sulfoquinovosyl-diacylglycerol (sqd) from spinach and the purple bacterium rhodobacter sphaeroides provide two sources of very different molecular species of sqd. we were able to demonstrate by fast atom bombardment-collisionally activated dissociation tandem mass spectrometry in the negative ion mode that the sulfoquinovosyl head group of the plant and bacterial lipids can be characterized by the common fragmentation pattern found in the spectra of both samples. differences in the acyl ...	1992	1406075
structural changes and lateral redistribution of photosystem ii during donor side photoinhibition of thylakoids.	the structural and topological stability of thylakoid components under photoinhibitory conditions (4,500 microe.m-2.s-1 white light) was studied on mn depleted thylakoids isolated from spinach leaves. after various exposures to photoinhibitory light, the chlorophyll-protein complexes of both photosystems i and ii were separated by sucrose gradient centrifugation and analysed by western blotting, using a set of polyclonals raised against various apoproteins of the photosynthetic apparatus. a seri ...	2006	1400577
nuclear-encoded tobacco chloroplast ribosomal protein l24. protein identification, sequence analysis of cdnas encoding its cytoplasmic precursor, and mrna and genomic dna analysis.	using a nicotiana tabacum leaf cdna library in the expression vector lambda gt11, two cdnas encoding the full-length precursor polypeptide (m(r) 20,696) of tobacco chloroplast ribosomal protein l24 were identified and sequenced. these cdnas encode a mature protein of 146 amino acids (m(r) 16,418) with a transit peptide of 41 amino acids (m(r) 4,278). the mature tobacco l24 protein has 78, 65, 45, and 35% sequence identity with ribosomal proteins l24 of pea, spinach, bacillus subtilis, and escher ...	1992	1400480
purification and initial characterization of the proteasome from the higher plant spinacia oleracea.	the proteasome (multicatalytic protease complex), a high molecular weight protein complex, has been purified from spinach leaves by successive chromatography on deae-cellulose, bio-gel a-1.5m, deae-toyopearl 650c, and deae-5pw. the molecular mass was estimated to be 850 kda by gel filtration. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the proteasome gave a single protein band under nondenaturing conditions and at least 10 bands in the range of 21-32 kda in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. by e ...	1992	1400479
molecular cloning of a cdna clone for tobacco lipid transfer protein and expression of the functional protein in escherichia coli.	a cdna clone encoding a lipid transfer protein (ltp) was isolated from tobacco by screening a library with a pcr-amplified spinach ltp gene. dna sequence analysis showed a large open reading frame (344 bp) encoding a polypeptide of 114 amino acids. the first 23 amino acids of the deduced protein have the characteristics of a signal peptide for protein secretion or targeting into dense microbody-like vesicles. the cdna clone was then inserted into an expression vector, pmal, and expressed in e. c ...	1992	1397298
a novel light-regulated promoter is conserved in cereal and dicot chloroplasts.	the chloroplast psbd-psbc genes encode d2 and cp43, a reaction center protein and chlorophyll-binding antenna protein of photosystem ii, respectively. we have previously shown that differential accumulation of light-induced psbd-psbc mrnas in barley chloroplasts is due to transcription from a blue light-responsive promoter (lrp). it is hypothesized that the light-induced mrnas help to maintain levels of the d2 polypeptide, which is photodamaged and degraded in illuminated plants. to determine if ...	1992	1392595
biosynthesis of active spinach-chloroplast thioredoxin f in transformed e. coli.	the recently cloned gene for spinach chloroplast thioredoxin f was subcloned in a modified pkk233-2 expression vector and used for transformation of escherichia coli cells containing the iq plasmid. after induction with iptg (isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactoside) the transformed cells produce the chloroplast protein in large amounts as insoluble deposit within the cell. the protein has been solubilized, purified and analysed for activity. it shows no difference in catalytic activity from native spin ...	1992	1391773
import and processing of the precursor of the rieske fes protein of tobacco chloroplasts.	cdna clones encoding the precursor of the rieske fes protein of tobacco chloroplasts have been characterised and shown to derive from two different genes. the 5' ends of the corresponding transcripts have been cloned using primer extension and pcr. the nucleotide sequences of the cdnas (and their 5' extensions) predict precursors for the tobacco proteins which differ in 4 amino acid residues out of a total of 228 residues and show high homology with the pea and spinach precursors. the tobacco pr ...	1992	1391772
artifactual detection of adp-dependent sucrose synthase in crude plant extracts.	results presented in a previous report from this laboratory indicated the presence, in crude extracts from sycamore (acer pseudoplatanus) and spinach (spinacea oleracea), of a sucrose synthase (ec 2.4.1.13) showing high affinity for adp as the glucose acceptor in the sucrose-cleaving reaction. in the present paper we report that the modified enzymatic method previously used to measure sucrose synthase activities leads to the detection of artifactual adp-dependent sucrose synthase, which in fact ...	1992	1387619
isolation and characterization of a cdna from cuphea lanceolata encoding a beta-ketoacyl-acp reductase.	a cdna encoding beta-ketoacyl-acp reductase (ec 1.1.1.100), an integral part of the fatty acid synthase type ii, was cloned from cuphea lanceolata. this cdna of 1276 bp codes for a polypeptide of 320 amino acids with 63 n-terminal residues presumably representing a transit peptide and 257 residues corresponding to the mature protein of 27 kda. the encoded protein shows strong homology with the amino-terminal sequence and two tryptic peptides from avocado mesocarp beta-ketoacyl-acp reductase, and ...	1992	1376402
isolation and partial amino acid sequence of domains of nitrate reductase from spinach.	fragments of spinach nitrate reductase (nr) were prepared by limited proteolysis of immunopurified enzyme using both staphylococcus aureus v8 protease and trypsin. incubation of nr with v8 protease yielded two enzymically active fragments which could be size separated by fplc on a superose 12 column or subjected to further proteolysis while bound to a blue sepharose affinity column. an nadh-ferricyanide (nadh-fr) active fragment bound to, and was eluted from, a blue sepharose column by micromola ...	1991	1367837
the single-copy gene psbs codes for a phylogenetically intriguing 22 kda polypeptide of photosystem ii.	recombinant phages that encode the complete precursor polypeptide for the 22 kda polypeptide associated with photosystem ii have been serologically selected from two lambda gt11 expression libraries made from polyadenylated rna of spinach seedlings. the cdnas hybridize to a 1.3 kb rna species. the precursor protein is comprised of 274 amino acid residues and carries an n-terminal transit peptide of probably 69 amino acid residues. the mature protein exhibits four predicted transmembrane segments ...	1992	1360412
identification, characterization, and dna sequence of a functional "double" groes-like chaperonin from chloroplasts of higher plants.	chloroplasts of higher plants contain a nuclear-encoded protein that is a functional homolog of the escherichia coli chaperonin 10 (cpn10; also known as groes). in pea (pisum sativum), chloroplast cpn10 was identified by its ability to (i) assist bacterial chaperonin 60 (cpn60; also known as groel) in the atp-dependent refolding of chemically denatured ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and (ii) form a stable complex with bacterial cpn60 in the presence of mg.atp. the subunit size of the pea ...	1992	1356267
characterization of plastid 5-aminolevulinate dehydratase (alad; ec 4.2.1.24) from spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) by sequencing and comparison with non-plant alad enzymes.	we have sequenced 5-aminolevulinate dehydratase (alad; ec 2.4.1.24) of a plant. a full-length cdna clone (1727 bp) encoding this enzyme has been identified by immunoscreening a lambda gt 11 cdna library of spinach. alad is not a plant-specific enzyme; however, the plant enzyme differs from the well known alad enzymes of bacteria, yeast and animals in structural and biochemical properties and in that it is located in the plastid. differences and homologies can be traced back to the molecular leve ...	1992	1351729
sequence of a cdna encoding nitrite reductase from the tree betula pendula and identification of conserved protein regions.	the sequence of an mrna encoding nitrite reductase (nir, ec 1.7.7.1.) from the tree betula pendula was determined. a cdna library constructed from leaf poly(a)+ mrna was screened with an oligonucleotide probe deduced from nir sequences from spinach and maize. a 2.5 kb cdna was isolated that hybridized to an mrna, the steady-state level of which increased markedly upon induction with nitrate. the nucleotide sequence of the cdna contains a reading frame encoding a protein of 583 amino acids that r ...	1992	1347145
protein-tyrosyl radical interactions in photosystem ii studied by electron spin resonance and electron nuclear double resonance spectroscopy: comparison with ribonucleotide reductase and in vitro tyrosine.	the stable tyrosine radical in photosystem ii, yd*, has been studied by esr and endor spectroscopies to obtain proton hyperfine coupling constants from which the electron spin density distribution can be deduced. simulations of six previously published esr spectra of psii (one at q band; five at x band, of which two were after specific deuteration and two others were of oriented membranes) can be achieved by using a single set of magnetic parameters that includes anisotropic proton hyperfine ten ...	1992	1332777
purification and characterization of 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase iii from spinach. a condensing enzyme utilizing acetyl-coenzyme a to initiate fatty acid synthesis.	the 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (acp) synthase iii from spinach was purified to homogeneity by an eight-step procedure that included an acp-affinity column. the size of the native enzyme was m(r) = 63,000 based on gel filtration, and its subunit size was m(r) = 40,500 based on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, suggesting that 3-ketoacyl-acp synthase iii may be a homodimer. the purified enzyme was highly specific for acetyl-coa and malonyl-acp. the km for acetyl-coa w ...	1992	1328217
comparison of structure of quinone redox site in the mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex and photosystem ii (qb site).	a series of nitrophenolic electron-transport inhibitors (2-substituted 4,6-dinitrophenols) of rat liver mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex and of photosystem ii (qb site) of spinach thylakoids was synthesized. the structure/inhibitory-activity relationship was examined to elucidate differences in the three-dimensional structure of the quinone redox site in the two systems. these inhibitors occupy the ubiquinone redox site of cytochrome-bc1 complex competitively with natural ubiquinol, probably ...	1992	1327783
direct expression of active spinach glycolate oxidase in escherichia coli.	spinach glycolate oxidase (gao) was expressed in escherichia coli using the t7 rna polymerase promotor. the enzyme accounts for approx. 1% of the soluble protein fraction and is expressed as a soluble and active enzyme. comparison with gao expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae (macheroux, p., massey, v., thiele, d.j. and volokita, m. (1991) biochemistry 30, 4612-4619) showed that the gao expressed in e. coli has identical physico-chemical features to the wild-type enzyme, but is expressed at a l ...	1992	1324737
the amino acid sequence of nucleoside diphosphate kinase i from spinach leaves, as deduced from the cdna sequence.	the primary structure of nucleoside diphosphate (ndp) kinase from spinach leaves has been deduced from its cdna sequence. a lambda gt 11 cdna library derived from spinach leaves was screened using an antibody against ndp kinase i, which we previously purified to electrophoretic homogeneity (t. nomura, t. fukui, and a. ichikawa, 1991, biochim. biophys. acta 1077, 47-55). the cdna sequences of positive clones contained the amino acid coding region (444 base pairs) for ndp kinase i as well as 5' an ...	1992	1322113
effect of coprophagy on bioavailability of iron from plant foods fed to anemic rats.	effects of coprophagy and coprophagy preventing device on iron bioavailability were evaluated in two experiments. in experiment 1, rats were fed diets with feso4, spinach, bran cereal or cornmeal as the iron source. the rats in each diet group were fitted with collars, sham-collars or not fitted with collars (control). in experiment 2, rats were fed diets with feso4 or green peas as the iron source and were fitted with collars, tail cups, sham-collars or not fitted with any device (control). pre ...	1992	1315435
plant mitochondrial f0f1 atp synthase. identification of the individual subunits and properties of the purified spinach leaf mitochondrial atp synthase.	spinach leaf mitochondrial f0f1 atpase has been purified and is shown to consist of twelve polypeptides. five of the polypeptides constitute the f1 part of the enzyme. the remaining polypeptides, with molecular masses of 28 kda, 23 kda, 18.5 kda, 15 kda, 10.5 kda, 9.5 kda and 8.5 kda, belong to the f0 part of the enzyme. this is the first report concerning identification of the subunits of the plant mitochondrial f0. the identification of the components is achieved on the basis of the n-terminal ...	1992	1313368
ca(2+)-dependent ubiquitination of calmodulin in yeast.	recently we were able to show that calmodulin from vertebrates, plants (spinach) and the mold neurospora crassa can be covalently conjugated to ubiquitin in a ca(2+)-dependent manner by ubiquityl-calmodulin synthetase (ucam-synthetase) from mammalian sources [r. ziegenhagen and h.p. jennissen (1990) febs lett. 273, 253-256]. it was therefore of high interest to investigate whether this covalent modification of calmodulin also occurs in one of the simplest eukaryotes, the unicellular saccharomyce ...	1992	1309706
[the correlation between the maturation of rbcl transcripts and its flanking sequence in a prokaryotic system].	there is a 15bp large reverse repeated sequence proceeded by a 7bp small one in the 3'flanking region of rbcl of nicotiana tabacum. a 383 bp of xbai fragment containing these tandemly repeats was inserted into the plasmid p lambda s delta, at the position between the lambda p and the cat gene. then these two repeats were separated and deleted systematically to obtain various deletions. the deletion prt65, prt74 and prt83 was sequenced to determine the deleted base pairs exactly. s1 mapping analy ...	1992	1305827
characterization of aliphatic amine 1,4-diazobicyclo (2,2,2) octane-induced stimulation of beet spinach thylakoid electron transport.	electron transport activity of beet spinach thylakoids was enhanced in the presence of aliphatic amine, dabco (1,4-diazobicyclo (2,2,2) octane), a hydrophilic proton trapping agent. the extent of stimulation was ph-dependent and similar to the effect of the uncoupler ammonium chloride on electron transport. the stimulation of whole-chain (h2o-->mv) electron transport activity was observed only at high (rate-saturating) light intensity. the light-induced proton uptake coupled to electron transpor ...	1992	1294467
resonance raman studies of rieske-type proteins.	resonance raman (rr) spectra are reported for the [2fe-2s] rieske protein from thermus thermophilus (trp) and phthalate dioxygenase from pseudomonas cepacia (pdo) as a function of ph and excitation wavelength. depolarization ratio measurements are presented for the rr spectra of spinach ferredoxin (sfd), trp, and pdo at 74 k. by comparison with previously published rr spectra of sfd, we suggest reasonable assignments for the spectra of trp and pdo. the spectra of pdo exhibit virtually no ph depe ...	1992	1280165
chemical reactivity of labile sulfur of iron-sulfur proteins. the reaction of triphenyl phosphine.	the reaction of triphenyl phosphine to iron-sulfur proteins from adrenal cortex mitochondria, spinach chloroplasts, and clostridium pasteurianum was investigated. as ethanol concentrations in the reaction mixture increased, the rate of the reaction decreased. in the simultaneous presence of 1 m kc1 and 5 m urea, the reaction rate reached at maximum. under these conditions the initial rates of the decolorization reaction by the phosphine were found to be 8.7, 0.88, and 1.8 nmol of ferredoxin per ...	1976	1276162
effects of the herbicide 2,4-db and fungicide captan on reactions of mitochondria and chloroplasts.	the effects of the herbicide 4(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid (2,4-db) and fungicide n-(trichloromethyltio)-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide (captan) on electron transport processes of mitochondria and chloroplasts have been investigated. chloroplasts, isolated from spinach leaves (spinacia oleracea l.), were treated with pesticide prior to the addition of electron acceptor and adp. white potato (solanum tuberosum l.) mitochondria were either incubated with pesticide before the addition of subs ...	1976	1267487
the electron transport to nitrogenase in mycobacterium flavum.	1. two ferredoxin-type iron-sulfur proteins have been isolated from mycobacterium flavum 301 grown under nitrogen-fixing, iron-sufficient conditions. no flavodoxin was observed. 2. these ferredoxins are apparently soluble: they were present in the supernatant fraction after disrupting by decompression. only small amounts were present in particulate fractions. 3. the two ferredoxins were separated by chromatography on deae-cellulose, sephadex or electrophoresis. 4. both ferredoxins mediated the t ...	1976	1252086
chlorophyll and peptide compositions in the two photosystems of marine green algae.	the molar ratios of chlorophyll a to b in the thalli of marine green algae were between 1.5 and 2.2, being appreciably lower than the ratio between 2.8 and 3.4 found for the leaves of higher plants and the cells of fresh-water green algae. the ratio of chlorophylls to p-700 in these marine algae was also lower than that in higher plants. the a/b ratios in the pigment proteins of photosystems 1 and 2 separated by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis from sodium dodecyl sulfate-solubilized chloropla ...	1976	1247608
[on the phenolic acids of vegetables. iv. hydroxycinnamic acids and hydroxybenzoic acids of vegetables and potatoes (author's transl)].	lettuce, endive and chicory exclusively, cornsalad and sweet fennel almost exclusively contain caffeic acid derivatives beside traces of ferulic acid. parsley exclusively and spinach almost exclusively show p-coumaric acid derivatives. compared to root, fruit and seed vegetables the contents of phenolic acids in green leaves are considerably high. rhubarb is the only vegetable, which contains gallic acid (chief phenolic acid) beside hydroxycinnamic, protocatechuic and vanillic acid derivatives. ...	1975	1224797
a combined procedure for preparation of plastocyanin, ferredoxin and cf1.	homogeneous preparations of ferredoxin, plastocyanin, and chloroplast coupling factor (cf1) have been isolated from spinach by a combined procedure in which supernatants from preparation of chloroplasts are used for isolation of ferredoxin and the chloroplasts serve as the source of plastocyanin. the proteins were purified by deae-cellulose chromatography and gel filtration, after precipitation with acetone in the case of ferredoxin or release from membranes in the case of plastocyanin. the prot ...	1969	1187556
x-ray photoelectron spectra of iron-sulphur proteins.	the x-ray photoelectron spectra of the 2p, 3s and 3p levels of iron in oxidized clostridium pasteurianum ferredoxin indicate that the eight iron atoms in the molecule are indistinguishable. their magnetic state is indicated both by core polarization splitting of the 3s electrons, and by "shake-up' satellites on the 2p lines. similar satellites are observed in the 2p lines of reduced chromatium high-potential iron-sulphur proteins and oxidized spinach ferredoxin, indicating that there too the iro ...	1975	1180907
the amino acid sequence of plastocyanin from spinach. (spinacia oleracea l.).	the amino acid sequence of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) plastocyanin was determined. it consists of a single polypeptide chain of 99 residues and has a sequence molecular weight of 10415. the sequence was determined by using a beckman 890c automatic sequencer and by the dansyl--phenyl isothiocyanate analysis of peptides obtained by the enzymic digestion of purified cnbr fragments. overlap through the two methionine residues was not shown. sedimentation equilibrium in the ultracentrifuge gave a ...	1975	1180895
evidence for essential lysyl residues in ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase by use of the affinity label 3-bromo-1,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 1,4-bisphosphate.	a previous study from our laboratory suggested that 3-bromo-1,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 1,4-bisphosphate is an affinity label for spinach ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase. to identify the essential residues that react with the reagent we have isolated and characterized the labeled peptides that are present in tryptic digests of inactivated enzyme but lacking in digests of the substrate-protected enzyme. peptides representing two sites of modification have been obtained from the inactivated carboxyl ...	2005	1176459
the molecular size and conformation of the chloroplast dna from higher plants.	covalently closed circular choloroplast dna (ctdna) molecules have been isolated from pea, bean, spinach, lettuce, corn and oat plants by ethidium bromide/cesium choloride density-gradient entrifugation. as much as 30-40% of the total ctdna could be isolated as closed circular dna molecules and up to 80% of the total ctdna was found in the form of circular molecules. the size of pea, spinach, lettuce, corn and oat ctdna relative to an internal standard (phix174 replicative form ii monomer dna) w ...	1975	1164522
[reciprocal action of various substances contained in spinach on suckling pigs].		1975	1136601
polypeptide nature of growth requirement in yeast extract for thermoplasma acidophilum.	the active component(s) in yeast extract required by thermoplasma acidophilum for growth is polypeptide in nature. a fraction from yeast extract was isolated and partially characterized as one or more peptides of molecular weight about 1,000 containing 8 to 10 amino acids. although it was composed largely of basic and dicarboxylic amino acids, only one amino group per molecule was free. the polypeptide(s) appeared to bind avidly to cations. no other organic compounds except glucose were needed b ...	1975	1102535
size, conformation and purity of chloroplast dna of some higher plants.	1. chloroplast dna of antirrhinum majus, oenothera hookeri, beta vulgaris and spinacia oleracea band at the same buoyant density of 1.697 g-cm-3 in neutral cscl equilibrium gradients. the corresponding nuclear dnas band at 1.691, 1.703, 1.695 and 1.695 g-cm-3, respectively. the purity of chloroplast and nuclear dna can be assessed objectively only in the cases of antirrhinum and oenothera. 2. electron microscopic analysis of chloroplast dna, purified in cscl or cscl/ethidium bromide gradients, r ...	1975	1092350
subcellular localization of o-acetylserine sulfhydrylase in spinach leaves.	a combination of differential centrifugation and isopycnic sucrose density gradient centrifugation of extracts from spinach leaves (spinacia oleracea l.) shows that about 20% of the o-acetylserine sulfhydrylase are associated with chloroplasts. no appreciable amounts of o-acetylserine sulfhydrylase band with mitochondrial and peroxisomal marker enzymes.	1976	1021428
trapping at low temperature of oriented chloroplasts: application to the study of antenna pigments and of the trap of photosystem-1.	a technique is described for the preparation of oriented samples from spinach chloroplasts whose linear dichroism is then studied by (flash) absorption spectroscopy. the chloroplasts are suspended in a glycerol-containing medium, oriented in a magnetic field, and slowly cooled in the magnet until the medium is rigid enough to avoid disorientation effects. the absorption spectra in polarized light have been measured at -50 degrees and -170 degrees c. they allow the orientation of chlorophyll b to ...	1990	1003967
the role of the gas phase in the greening and growth of illuminated cell suspension cultures of spinach (spinacia oleracea, l.).	the gas phase developed above spinach suspension cultures critically affected their growth and greening. ethylene accumulation inhibited greening; this effect of ethylene was antagonised when the culture gas phase was enriched with carbon dioxide. greening was enhanced by reducing the partial pressure of oxygen below the air level; this effect was observed when oxygen supply did not restrict growth.	1976	965016
purification and properties of a four iron-four sulfur protein from a pseudomonas species.	we have isolated an iron-sulfur proteins from a pseudomonas species grown on glucose. this protein has different properties from the two known iron-sulfur proteins isolated from other pseudomonas species: rubredoxin and putidaredoxin. the iron-sulfur protein was purified to homogeneity by deae-cellulose column chromatography and sephadex g-75 gel filtration. the absorption spectrum of the oxidized iron-sulfur protein shows a peak at 283 nm with shoulders at about 290, 320, and 410 nm. the protei ...	1976	956144
glyoxylate aminotransferase in peroxisomes from rat liver and kidney.	an aminotransferase was isolated from peroxisomes that had been separated by isopycnic centrifugation of homogenates from rat liver or kidney. the enzyme was located only in the peroxisomes and in the soluble fraction, presumably from broken peroxisomes. within the peroxisomes, this aminotransferase was in the soluble matrix. this specific aminotransferase was not found in spinach leaves. the enzyme was relatively specific for glyoxylate as the amino group acceptor. l-leucine and l-phenylalanine ...	1976	932037
solubility properties of fraction i proteins of maize, cotton, spinach, and tobacco.		1977	881498
the low temperature magnetic circular dichroism spectra of iron-sulphur proteins. ii. two-iron ferredoxins.	variable temperature magnetic circular dichroism (mcd) spectra of a number of two-iron ferredoxins have been measured. the spectra of fully oxidised spinach and spirulina maxima ferredoxin are independent of temperature between room temperature and 18 k, showing that no contribution to the room temperature mcd spectrum arises from the small population of low-lying excited states originating from the exchange coupling. however, the low temperature mcd spectra of the half-reduced proteins spinach ...	1977	880310
effects of oxalic acid on availability of zinc from spinach leaves and zinc sulfate to rats.	some effects of dietary oxalic acid on availability of zinc from organic and inorganic sources were assessed. male rats fed zinc-deficient diets with and without added sodium oxalate were orally dosed once with either 65zn-labeled spinach leaves or 65zn-labeled zinc sulfate. spinach plants (spinacia oleracea, var. "winter bloomsdale") were grown in 65zn-labeled nutrient solutions that contained 0.033, 0.131 or 0.262 ppm zinc. increasing zinc supply to the plants increased zinc concentration in t ...	1977	864521
modifications induced by benomyl and related compounds into chloroplasts spectral patterns, photosynthetic rates and chlorophyll contents of spinacia oleracea and cucumis melo.		1977	861396
membranous modifications in sieve element plasids of spinach affected by the aster yellows disease.		1977	850301
preparation and properties of immobilized rubredoxin.	rubredoxin, one of the three protein components of the epoxidation/hydroxylation system of pseudomonas oleovorans was immobilized by attachment to cnbr-activated agarose (sepharose 4b). since this represents the first reported example of the preparation of a water-insoluble derivative of an enzyme of this type, the electron transfer and physical properties of the conjugate were examined in order to allow comparison with those of the soluble enzyme. immobilized rubredoxin exhibits all of the majo ...	1977	849934
the action of hydrogen peroxide on the hydroxylation of p-coumaric acid by spinach-beet phenolase.	treatment of spinach-beet phenolase with h2o2 under aerobic conditions results in a stimulation of the p-coumaric acid hydroxylation it catalyses, but not the caffeic acid oxidation. spectroscopic evidence suggests that an oxygenated enzyme species is formed under these conditions.	1975	814897
possible role of firmly bound atp in the energy transduction of photosynthetic membranes.	chromatophores of rhodospirillum rubrum and spinach chloroplasts contain firmly bound atp that is rapidly labeled along with adp in the presence of 32pi and endogenous nucleotides. the labeling is not entirely dependent on light. in chloroplasts three types of bound atp can be defined methodologically by their extraction properties: buffer-soluble; acid-soluble; and sds-soluble or firmly bound atp. extensive washing of the chloroplasts does reduce buffer-soluble but not acid-soluble and firmly b ...	1975	813067
nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the copper binding sites of blue copper proteins: oxidized, reduced, and apoplastocyanin.	proton nuclear resonance spectra at 250 mhz of plastocyanins from spinach (spinacia oleracea) and a blue green alga (anabaena variabilis) are reported. spectra of the reduced plastocyanins contain well-resolved peaks from slowly exchangeable n-h, histidine c2-h tyrosine ring, peptide alpha-ch, and high-field protons. the widths of these peaks indicate that the plastocyanins are monomeric. when the plastocyanins are oxidized, several changes in the spectra are observed including disappearance of ...	1975	809054
flash kinetics and light intensity dependence of oxygen evolution in the blue-green alga anacystis nidulans.	patterns of oxygen evolution in flashing light for the glue-green alga anacystis nidulans are compared with those for broken spinach chloroplasts and whole cells of the green alga chlorella pyrenoidosa. the oscillations of oxygen yield with flash number that occur in both anacystis and chlorella, display a greater degree of damping than do those of isolated spinach chloroplasts. the increase in damping results from a two- to threefold increase in the fraction (alpha) of reaction centers "misse ...	1975	804933
the formation of exchangeable sulphite from adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-sulphatophosphate in yeast.	a new low-molecular-weight bound sulphite was found in yeast enzyme reaction systems which convert the sulphur of 35s-labelled adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-sulphatophosphate into exchangeable radioactive sulphite. this bound sulphite was separated from other components by paper electrophoresis and sephadex g-25 chromatography, and shown to be a peptide with multiple thiol groups and an estimated mol.wt. of 1400. the labelled sulphur in this peptide is highly exchangeable with unlabelled sulphite, b ...	1976	791271
structure and function of chloroplast-type ferredoxins.	comparison of various chloroplast-type ferredoxin sequences, chemical and enzymic modifications, reconstitution experiments, and fluorescence measurement of chloroplast-type ferredoxins have led to the following conclusions. 1. tyrosine, histidine, and tryptophan residues are not directly involved in the oxidation-reduction mechanism of ferredoxins. the four indispensible cysteine residues in spinach ferredoxin which constitutes a part of the iron-sulfur cluster are located at residues 39, 44. 4 ...	1976	785973
folate conjugase activity in fresh vegetables and its effect on the determination of free folate content.	the levels of naturally-occurring folate conjugates in fresh asparagus, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower lettuce, and spinach were determined together with the effect on the hydrolysis of pteroylpolyglutamates during the extraction phase of the lactobacillus casei assay. the levels of conjugate activity vary widely among the vegetables tested, from a low of 0.30 +/- 0.21 in lettuce to a high of 106.2 +/- 6.6 mumoles/hr per 100 mg of fresh weight in spinach. the free folate values ...	1979	760505
low-molecular-weight (4.5s) ribonucleic acid in higher-plant chloroplast ribosomes.	a species of rna that migrates on 10% (w/v) polyacrylamide gels between 5s and 4s rna was detected in spinach chloroplasts. this rna (referred to as 4.5 s rna) was present in amounts equimolar to the 5s rna and its molecular weight was estimated to be approx. 33 000. fractionation of the chloroplast components showed that the 4.5s rna was associated with the 50 s ribosomal subunit and that it could be removed by washing the ribosomes with a buffer containing 0.01 m-edta and 0.5 m-kcl. it did not ...	1978	743229
inactivation of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase by modification of arginyl residues with phenylglyoxal.	phenylglyoxal rapidly and completely inactivates spinach and rhodospirillum rubrum ribulosebisphosphate carboxylases. inactivation exhibits pseudo-first-order kinetics and a reaction order of approximately one for both enzymes, suggesting that modification of a single residue per protomeric unit suffices for inactivation. loss of enzymic activity is directly proportional to incorporation of [14c]phenylglyoxal until only 30% of the initial activity remains. for both enzymes, extrapolation of inco ...	1978	728421
the accumulation of neutral red in illuminated thylakoids.	thylakoids isolated from spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) bind only a small fraction of neutral red in the dark whereas they accumulate large amounts of the protonated dye in their inner space under light. light-induced neutral red uptake depends on the size of the proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane but does not follow the mechanism established for amines. instead, the correlation between ph gradient and neutral red uptake can be predicted quantitatively assuming that protonated neutral ...	1978	718876
[review on nonessential constituents of vegetables. iii. carrots, celery, parsnips, beets, spinach, lettuce, endives, chicory, rhubarb, and artichokes (author's transl)].		1978	716640
the lignin fraction of plant cell walls.	methods are discussed for determining lignin in plant cell walls. the increase in apparent lignin content that may occur as a result of artifacts produced during food preparation is also discussed. the phenolic components, including lignin, of cell walls separated from 12 vegetable, fruit, and cereal foods are determined. wheat bran, on a fresh weight basis, had a high cell wall content (48.6%) compared with the vegetables and fruit whose contents ranged from 1.0 to 6.0%. wheat bran and spinach ...	1978	707399
adsorption of bile salts from aqueous solution by plant fibre and cholestyramine.	1. adsorption of bile salts by dietary fibre is believed to promote their excretion and hence to reduce the serum cholesterol level in man and experimental animals. 2. we have tested a number of plant fibre fractions and other related materials for their ability to adsorb bile salts from aqueous solution. the "insoluble" plant fractions were from "dry grain" (a residue from brewing), apple, wheat bran, lucerne (medicago sativa), soya beans, mung beans (phaseolus mungo), chick peas (cicer arieti ...	1978	698168
the intake of nitrate, nitrite and volatile n-nitrosamines and the occurrence of volatile n-nitrosamines in human urine and veal calves.	a hundred samples of total diets, 19 samples of cheese (mainly dutch), a total of 30 samples of muscle, fat liver, kidney, blood and fried meat from experimental veal calves (fed daily with 0.6 or 300 mg of potassium nitrate per kg b.w.) and 14 samples of urine of patients medicated with massive amounts of ammonium nitrate (up to an equivalent of 180 mg potassium nitrate per kg b.w.) have been analysed with gc-tea for their content of the following n-nitrosamines: ndma, ndea, ndpa, ndba, npip, n ...	1978	680737
isolation of phosphoglycerate kinases by affinity chromatography.	a variety of sepharose derivatives containing dl-o-phosphorylserine or adenosine nucleotides with different points of attachment, has been synthesized and tested for affinity to phosphoglycerate kinase. the most effective gels contained periodate-oxidized atp or adp bound via the ribose by hydrazone formation to adipoyl-dihydrazo-sepharose. the effect of ph, magnesium and buffer ions on the binding capacity of the atp derivative of sepharose has been examined. optimal elution of phosphoglycerate ...	1978	648532
preparation and characterization of phospholipid-depleted chloroplasts.	spinach class ii chloroplasts were treated with snake venom phospholipase a2 in the presence of bovine serum albumin, and separated by sucrose-density centrifugation. the treatment yielded phospholipid-depleted chloroplasts which had lost 82.6% of the original phospholipids. about 20% of the phospholipids of chloroplasts were resistant to enzyme attack. these results suggest that phospholipids exist in two states in chloroplast membranes. in spite of considerable phospholipid depletion, the chlo ...	1978	638136
nitrate reductase from spinacea oleracea. fad and the reactivation of the enzyme treated with p-hydroxymercuribenzoate.	spinach nitrate reductase complex previously inactivated by treatment with mercurials p-hydroxymercuribenzoate or p-hydroxymercuriphenyl sulphonate can be reactivated by incubation with dithioerythritol. the reactivation of nadh-diaphorase seems to be fad-dependent, whereas that of fnh2-nitrate reductase is not. the requirement of fad for nadh-inactivation of nitrate reductase treated with p-hydroxymercuribenzoate disappears after treatment with dithioerythritol.	1977	594486
formation in vivo of volatile n-nitrosamines in man after ingestion of cooked bacon and spinach.		1977	558518
isolation & characterisation of different forms of nad-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from spinach leaf.		2005	548461
[sulfate transport across the limiting double membrane or envelope, of spinach chloroplasts].	evidence is presented for low rates of carrier-mediated uptake of sulphate, thiosulphate and sulphite into the stroma of the c3 plant spinacia oleracea. uptake of sulphate in the dark was followed using two techniques (1) uptake of sulphate [35s] as determined by silicon oil centrifugal filtration and (2) uptake as indicated by inhibition of co2-dependent o2 evolution rates after addition of sulphate. sulphate, thiosulphate and sulphite were transported across the envelope leading to an accumula ...	1979	540107
linoleate and alpha-linolenate synthesis by isolated spinach (spinacia oleracea) chloroplasts.	diacylgalactosylglycerol synthesis was a prerequisite for the incorporation of [1-14c]-acetate into linoleate and alpha-linolenate of isolated spinach (spinacia oleracea) chloroplasts. oleate at position 1 of diacylgalactosylglycerol was desaturated to linoleate and alpha-linolenate both in the light and in the dark. some desaturation of palmitate was also observed after prolonged incubations.	1979	540049
stoichiometry of carbon dioxide release and oxygen uptake during glycine oxidation in mitochondria isolated from spinach (spinacia oleracea) leaves.	mitochondria isolated from spinach (spinacia oleracea) leaves oxidized glycine with a stoichiometry of co2 evolution to o2 uptake of 2 : 1. in the absence of added substrate, the mitochondria exhibited an extremely low endogenous rate of o2 uptake.	1979	534540
on the control of long-chain-fatty acid synthesis in isolated intact spinach (spinacia oleracea) chloroplasts.	1. chloroplasts isolated from spinach leaves by using the low-ionic-strength buffers of nakatani & barber [(1977) biochim. biophys. acta.461, 510-512] had higher rates of hco(3) (-)-dependent oxygen evolution (up to 369mumol/h per mg of chlorophyll) and higher rates of [1-(14)c]acetate incorporation into long-chain fatty acids (up to 1500nmol/h per mg of chlorophyll) than chloroplasts isolated by using alternative procedures. 2. acetate appeared to be the preferred substrate for fatty acid synth ...	1979	534525
comparison of geranylgeranyl and phytyl substituted methylquinols in the tocopherol synthesis of spinach chloroplasts.		2004	526275
photooxidation of the cytochrome b-559 in the presence of various substituted 2-anilinothiophenes and of some other compounds, in chlamydomonas reinhardtii.	five substituted 2-anilinothiophenes and two substituted carbonylcyanide-phenylhydrazones were comparatively studied with respect to their capacities for inducing photooxidation of the cytochrome b-559 in chloroplast fragments and in whole cells of chlamydomonas reinhardtii (wild type and p-700-lacking mutant fl 5). in addition, some other compounds: antimycin a, picric acid, tetraphenylboron and nh4cl were also tested. cytochrome b-559 photooxidations were clearly observed in the presence of 2- ...	1998	508733
the synthesis of chloroplast high-molecular-weight ribosomal ribonucleic acid in spinach.	illuminated suspensions of chloroplasts isolated from young spinach leaves show incorporation of [3h]uridine into several species of rna. one such rna species of mr 2.7 x 10(6) shows sequence homology with both the chloroplast 23-s rrna (mr = 1.05 x 10(6)) and 16-s rrna (mr = 0.56 x 10(6)), as judged by dna/rna competition hybridization. leaves labelled in vivo with [32p]orthophosphate in the presence of chloramphenicol accumulate labelled rnas of mr 1.28 x 10(6), 0.71/0.75 x 10(6) and 0.47 x 10 ...	1979	456375
modification of arginyl residues in ferredoxin-nadp+ reductase from spinach leaves.	reaction of spinach leaves ferredoxin-nadp+ reductase (nadph:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, ec 1.6.7.1) with alpha-dicarbonyl compounds results in a biphasic loss of activity. the rapid phase yields modified enzyme with about 30% of the original activity, but no change in the km for nadph. only partial protection against inactivation is provided by nadp+, nadph and their analogs, whereas ferredoxin affords complete protection. the reductase inactivated to 30% of original activity shows a loss of abo ...	1973	444539
photoreactions of cytochrome b-559 and cyclic electron flow in photosystem ii of intact chloroplasts.	the high potential cytochrome b-559 of intact spinach chloroplasts was photooxidized by red light with a high quantum efficiency and by far-red light with a very low quantum efficiency, when electron flow from water to photosystem ii was inhibited by a carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone (fccp or ccp). dithiothreitol, which reacts with fccp or cccp, reversed the photooxidation of cytochrome b-559 and restored the capability of the chloroplasts to photoreduce co2 showing that the fccp/cccp effects w ...	1973	444498
populations of the spinach wilt pathogen, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae, in the root tissues, rhizosphere, and soil in the field.	populations of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae in root tissues and rhizosphere soil of diseased spinach plants were higher than in the root tissues and rhizosphere soil of healthy plants. populations in soil rhizosphere were higher than in nonrhizosphere soil. the fungus populations were very low in the root tissues of the nonsusceptible strawberry, broccoli, chinese cabbage, and mustard grown in the infested field. the populations were low at the beginning of the season, increased, and rema ...	1979	436018
fractionation of inducible alkane hydroxylase activity in pseudomonas putida and characterization of hydroxylase-negative plasmid mutations.	the plasmid-determined inducible alkane hydroxylase of pseudomonas putida resolved into particulate and soluble fractions. spinach reductase and spinach ferredoxin could replace the soluble hydroxylase component. two alkane hydroxylase mutants show in vitro complementation (s. benson and j. shapiro, j. bacteriol., 123: 759-760, 1975): one, alk-7, lacks an active soluble component and the other, alk-181, lacks an active particulate component. together with previous results on a particulate alcoho ...	1977	410794
cell-free transcription and translation of total spinach chloroplast dna.		1979	374074
isolation and characterisation of 14-s rna from spinach chloroplasts.	14-s rna was purified from spinach chloroplasts. it has a molecular weight of 0.43 . 10(6) and the following nucleotide composition: 20% cmp, 23.9% amp, 24.2% gmp and 31.9% ump. the accumulation of 14-s rna in chloroplasts of cotyledons of dark-grown plants is stimulated by light. conditions are described for the isolation of 14-s rna in the absence of appreciable fragmentation of chloroplast 23-s rrna and the evidence that it represents a distinct type of chloroplast rna is discussed. translati ...	1978	367438
activation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides: probable role of the small subunit.	the activation properties of the form i and form ii ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylases from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides were examined. both enzymes have a requirement of mg2+ for optimal activity. mn2+, ni2+, and co2+ can also support activity of the form i enzyme, whereas only mn2+ can substitute for mg2+ with the form ii enzyme. the effect of different preincubations on the carboxylase reaction was also examined. both enzymes exhibited a lag when preincubated with other than mg2+ and co2 ...	1979	316430
magnetic field-induced increase of the yield of (bacterio)chlorophyll emission of some photosynthetic bacteria and of chlorella vulgaris.	in photosynthetic bacteria, in which the iron-ubiquinone complex x is prereduced, a magnetic field induces an increase of the emmission yield, which is correlated with the decrease in reaction center triplet yield reported previously (hoff, a.j., rademaker, h., van grondelle, r. and duysens, l.n.m. (1977) biochim. biophys. acta 460, 547--554). our results support the hypothesis that under these conditions charge recombination of the oxidized primary donor and the reduced primary acceptor predomi ...	1979	312658
subcellular localization of acyl carrier protein in leaf protoplasts of spinacia oleracea.	this communication demonstrates that all de novo fatty acid biosynthesis in spinach leaf cells requires acyl carrier protein (acp) and occurs specifically in the chloroplasts. antibodies raised to purified spinach acp inhibited at least 98% of malonyl coa-dependent fatty acid synthesis by spinach leaf homogenates. therefore, the presence of acp in a compartment of the spinach leaf cell would serve as a marker for de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. a radioimmunoassay capable of detecting 10(15) mol ...	1979	286305
identification of the iron-sulfur center in trimethylamine dehydrogenase.	trimethylamine dehydrogenase [trimethylamine:(acceptor) oxidoreductase (demethylating), ec 1.5.99.7] from a facultative methylotroph bacterium has a molecular weight of 147,000 and contains two types of prosthetic groups, one a covalently bound organic chromophore of uncertain structure and the other containing iron and labile sulfur (s). the structure of the fe-s center has been investigated by reactions of the enzyme with sodium mersalyl, o-xylyl-alpha,alpha'-dithiol, and p-methoxybenzenethi ...	1977	265519
purification and properties of s-adenosyl-l-methionine: caffeic acid o-methyltransferase from leaves of spinach beet (beta vulgaris l).	1. an enzyme catalysing the methylation of caffeic acid to ferulic acid, using s-adenosyl-l-methionine as methyl donor, has been extracted from leaves of spinach beet and purified 75-fold to obtain a stable preparation. 2. the enzyme showed optimum activity at ph 6.5, and did not require the addition of mg2+ for maximum activity. 3. it was most active with caffeic acid, but showed some activity with catechol, protocatechuic acid and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde. the km for caffeic acid was 68 mum. ...	1975	241400
[a ferredoxin-linked sulfite reductase from spinacia oleracea (author's transl)].	a sulfite reductase from spinach has been purified 125 fold. throughout all stages of purification the reduction of sulfite has been found dependent on ferredoxin. reduced ferredoxin has been provided either by photosynthetic reduction in isolated, broken chloroplasts or by nadph via the ferredoxin-nadp-oxidoreductase. during the purification procedure ferredoxin as electrondonor has been replaced by reduced methylviologen.	2016	241168
requirement of galactolipids for photosystem i activity in lyophilized spinach chloroplasts.	1. the effect of monogalactosyl diacylglycerol and digalactosyl diacylglycerol on reconstitution of photosystem i activity in heptane-extracted and galactolipase-treated spinach chloroplasts was investigated. 2. both galactolipids, in a molar ratio with chlorophyll of 2.5, partially restored photosystem i activity in heptane-extracted chloroplasts. an addition of saturating amounts of plastocyanin caused complete reactivation of photosystem i. 3. similarly, with galactolipase-treated chloroplast ...	1992	240441
biosynthesis of hydroxyfatty acid polymers. enzymatic epoxidation of 18-hydroxyoleic acid to 18-hydroxy-cis-9,10-epoxystearic acid by a particulate preparation from spinach (spinacia oleracea).		1975	240325
the effect of an antiserum to plastocyanin on various chloroplast preparations.	a monospecific antiserum to tobacco plastocyanin agglutinates stroma-free swellable chloroplasts from wild type tobacco, (nicotiana tobacum var. john william's broadleaf) from the tobacco aurea mutant su/su2, (nicotiana tabacum var. su/su2) from antirrhinum majus and spinach (spinacia oleracea). in this condition the antiserum inhibits linear photosynthetic electron flow in tobacco and spinach chloroplasts. this inhibition of electron transport as well as the agglutination are not observed if th ...	1975	240237
regulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in spinach chloroplasts by ribulose 1,5-diphosphate and nadph/nadp+ ratios.	the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.49) from spinach chloroplasts is strongly regulated by the ratio of nadph/nadp+, with the extent of this regulation controlled by the concentration of ribulose 1,5-diphosphate. other metabolites of the reductive pentose phosphate cycle are far less effective in mediating the regulation of the enzyme activity by nadph/nadp+ ratio. with a ratio of nadph/nadp+ of 2, and a concentration of ribulose 1,5-diphosphate of 0.6 mm, the activity of ...	1984	239745
studies on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. i. superoxide anion as substrate.	indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase purified to apparent homogeneity from rabbit intestine was inhibited by scavengers for superoxide anion such as superoxide dismutase and 1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonic acid (tiron). on the other hand, beta-carotene and 1,4-diazobicyclo-(2,2,2)-octane, scavengers for singlet oxygen, did not affect the enzyme activity significantly. the degree of inhibition of the dioxygenase by superoxide dismutase preparations from bovine erythrocytes, green peas, spinach leaves, ...	1975	238993
the reversible depolymerization of spinach chloroplast glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase. interaction with nucleotides and dithiothreitol.	the ligand-dependent dissociation of spinach chloroplast glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase (mr 600000) to protomers of mr about 145000, previously shown by us in 1973, has been further characterized by the technique of velocity sedimentation in sucrose gradients. the process exhibits cooperativity and is accompanied by an increase of the apparent nadp+-dependent activity (reactivation) from a ratio of 0.1-0.2 to a ratio of 1 to 2 with respect to the nad+-dependent activity. in addition to n ...	1986	238837