Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| the clostridial mobilisable transposons. | mobilisable transposons are transposable genetic elements that also encode mobilisation functions but are not in themselves conjugative. they rely on coresident conjugative elements to facilitate their transfer to recipient cells. clostridial mobilisable transposons include tn4451 and tn4452 from clostridium perfringens, and tn4453a and tn4453b from clostridium difficile, all of which are closely related, and tn5398 from c. difficile. the tn4451 group of elements encodes resistance to chloramphe ... | 2002 | 12568329 |
| biotinylated theta-toxin derivative as a probe to examine intracellular cholesterol-rich domains in normal and niemann-pick type c1 cells. | bctheta is a proteolytically nicked and biotinylated derivative of a cholesterol binding protein perfringolysin o (theta-toxin), and has been used to detect cholesterol-rich domains at the plasma membrane (pm). here we show that by modifying the cell fixation condition, bctheta can also be used to detect cholesterol-rich domains intracellularly. when cells were processed for pm cholesterol staining, the difference in bctheta signals between the ct43 (ct) cell, a mutant chinese hamster ovary cell ... | 2003 | 12562855 |
| cloning and sequencing of beta toxin gene of clostridium perfringens type c. | a gene encoding beta toxin was amplified by polymerase chain reaction from c. perfringens type c isolate and cloned in puc 19 vector. the nucleotide sequence was identical with c. perfringens type b beta toxin gene sequence. the southern hybridization using labelled beta toxin gene probe revealed the presence of positive signals only in beta producing c. perfingens. | 2002 | 12561980 |
| clostridial myonecrosis in horses (37 cases 1985-2000). | previous reports of clostridial myonecrosis have either focused on individual case reports or have been small retrospective studies reporting very high mortality rates. | 2003 | 12553469 |
| activation of platelet gpiibiiia by phospholipase c from clostridium perfringens involves store-operated calcium entry. | clostridium perfringens gas gangrene is characterized by rapid tissue destruction, and amputation remains the single best treatment. previous studies have demonstrated that tissue destruction follows c. perfringens phospholipase c (plc)-induced, platelet gpiibiiia-mediated formation of occlusive intravascular platelet/leukocyte aggregates. in this study, the intracellular signaling events leading to activation of gpiibiiia by plc were investigated. plc activated surface expressed gpiibiiia and m ... | 2003 | 12552424 |
| the genome sequence of clostridium tetani, the causative agent of tetanus disease. | tetanus disease is one of the most dramatic and globally prevalent diseases of humans and vertebrate animals, and has been reported for over 24 centuries. the manifestation of the disease, spastic paralysis, is caused by the second most poisonous substance known, the tetanus toxin, with a human lethal dose of approximately 1 ng/kg. fortunately, this disease is successfully controlled through immunization with tetanus toxoid; nevertheless, according to the world health organization, an estimated ... | 2003 | 12552129 |
| prevalence of enteric pathogens in dogs of north-central colorado. | to evaluate the prevalence of enteric pathogens in dogs of north-central colorado, fecal samples were obtained from client-owned dogs presented to the veterinary teaching hospital at colorado state university for evaluation of acute small-bowel, large-bowel, or mixed-bowel diarrhea (n=71) and from age-matched, client-owned, healthy dogs (n=59). infectious agents potentially associated with gastrointestinal disease were detected in 34 of 130 (26.1%) fecal samples. agents with zoonotic potential w ... | 2003 | 12549614 |
| clostridium sordellii phospholipase c: gene cloning and comparison of enzymatic and biological activities with those of clostridium perfringens and clostridium bifermentans phospholipase c. | the gene encoding clostridium sordellii phospholipase c (csp) was cloned and expressed as a histidine-tagged (his-tag) protein, and the protein was purified to compare its enzymatic and biological activities with those of clostridium perfringens phospholipase c (cpa) and clostridium bifermentans phospholipase c (cbp). csp was found to consist of 371 amino acid residues in the mature form and to be more homologous to cbp than to cpa. the egg yolk phospholipid hydrolysis activity of the his-tag cs ... | 2003 | 12540540 |
| incidence of clostridium perfringens in commercially produced cured raw meat product mixtures and behavior in cooked products during chilling and refrigerated storage. | a total of 445 whole-muscle and ground or emulsified raw pork, beef, and chicken product mixtures acquired from industry sources were monitored over a 10-month period for vegetative and spore forms of clostridium perfringens. black colonies that formed on shahidi-ferguson perfringens (sfp) agar after 24 h at 37 degrees c were considered presumptive positive. samples that were positive after a 15-min heat shock at 75 degrees c were considered presumptive positive for spores. of 194 cured whole-mu ... | 2003 | 12540184 |
| involvement of tachykinin receptors in clostridium perfringens beta-toxin-induced plasma extravasation. | 1 clostridium perfringens beta-toxin causes dermonecrosis and oedema in the dorsal skin of animals. in the present study, we investigated the mechanisms of oedema induced by the toxin. 2 the toxin induced plasma extravasation in the dorsal skin of balb/c mice. 3 the extravasation was significantly inhibited by diphenhydramine, a histamine 1 receptor antagonist. however, the toxin did not cause the release of histamine from mouse mastocytoma cells. 4 tachykinin nk(1) receptor antagonists, [d-pro( ... | 2003 | 12522069 |
| recurrent crepitant cellulitis caused by clostridium perfringens. | a previously healthy 13-year-old boy developed extensive subcutaneous emphysema of the lower limb after a penetrating injury to the knee. clostridium perfringens was isolated from the wound. despite surgical debridement and appropriate antibiotics, the emphysema recurred, and prolonged antibiotic treatment was required. this case highlights the distinction between gas gangrene and the lesser known entity of clostridial crepitant cellulitis. | 2002 | 12506954 |
| evaluation of different methods for the detection of clostridium perfringens phosphatases. | in order to detect phosphatase activity a total of 137 isolates from 12 clostridium (c.) species were examined via fluorescence on sca-agar with methylumbelliferyl phosphate (sca-mup), via apizym and rapid id 32 a as well as using a phosphatase reagent containing 1-naphthyl phosphate. fluorescence on sca-mup showed the presence of acid or alkaline phosphatase in almost all isolates examined. likewise, acid or alkaline phosphatase could be detected via apizym and rapid id 32 a in most strains and ... | 2003 | 12505462 |
| bioactivity of backhousia citriodora: antibacterial and antifungal activity. | backhousia citriodora products are used as bushfoods and flavorings and by the aromatherapy industry. the antimicrobial activity of 4 samples of b. citriodora oil, leaf paste, commercial tea (0.2 and 0.02 g/ml), and hydrosol (aqueous distillate) were tested against 13 bacteria and 8 fungi. little or no activity was found to be associated with the leaf tea and hydrosol, respectively. leaf paste displayed antimicrobial activity against 7 bacteria including clostridium perfringens, pseudomonas aeru ... | 2003 | 12502388 |
| a comparison of features and the microbial constitution of the fresh feces of pigs fed diets supplemented with or without dietary microbes. | the features and the constitution of the microbial population of fresh feces were compared between pigs fed a diet supplemented with dietary microbes and pigs given nonsupplemented diets. the former were reared on farm c and the latter on farms a and b. the concentrations of ammonia-n, indole, and skatole of fresh feces were not significantly different between pigs reared on farm c and those raised on farms a and b, but the concentrations of ammonia-n and the skatole of fresh feces were signific ... | 1998 | 12501404 |
| in vitro activities of daptomycin, vancomycin, quinupristin- dalfopristin, linezolid, and five other antimicrobials against 307 gram-positive anaerobic and 31 corynebacterium clinical isolates. | the activities of daptomycin, a cyclic lipopeptide, and eight other agents were determined against 338 strains of gram-positive anaerobic bacteria and corynebacteria by the nccls reference agar dilution method with supplemented brucella agar for the anaerobes and mueller-hinton agar for the corynebacteria. the daptomycin mics determined on ca(2+)-supplemented (50 mg/liter) brucella agar plates were one- to fourfold lower than those determined in unsupplemented media. daptomycin was highly active ... | 2003 | 12499210 |
| crystal structure and site-directed mutagenesis of enzymatic components from clostridium perfringens iota-toxin. | iota-toxin from clostridium perfringens type e is an adp-ribosylating toxin (adprt) that adp-ribosylates actin, which is lethal and dermonecrotic in mammals. it is a binary toxin composed of an enzymatic component (ia) and a binding component (ib). ia adp-ribosylates g-actin at arginine 177, resulting in the depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton. here, we report on studies of the structure-function relationship by the crystal structures of ia complexed with nadh and nadph (at 1.8 a and 2.1 ... | 2003 | 12498797 |
| interaction between probiotic lactic acid bacteria and canine enteric pathogens: a risk factor for intestinal enterococcus faecium colonization? | selected probiotic lactic acid bacteria (lab) have been shown to elicit positive health effects particularly in humans. competitive exclusion of pathogens is one of the most important beneficial health claims of probiotic bacteria. the effect of probiotic lab on competitive exclusion of pathogens has been demonstrated in humans, chicken and pigs. in this study we evaluated the ability of certain lab strains (lactobacillus rhamnosus gg, bifidobacterium lactis bb12, lactobacillus pentosus uk1a, l. ... | 2003 | 12488075 |
| role of the c-domain in the biological activities of clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin. | clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin (370 residues) possesses hemolytic and lethal activities as well as the enzymatic activity of phospholipase c (plc). in this study we examined the role of the c-domain (251-370 residues; cp251- 370) in biological activities of the toxin. the n-domain (1-250 residues; cp1- 250) of the alpha-toxin as well as the bacillus cereus phospholipase c (bcplc) possessed plc activity, but did not bind to rabbit erythrocytes and lyse them. a hybrid protein (bc-cp251-370) c ... | 2002 | 12477243 |
| the effect of the new massachusetts bay sewage outfall on the concentrations of metals and bacterial spores in nearby bottom and suspended sediments. | since the new outfall for boston's treated sewage effluent began operation on september 6, 2000, no change has been observed in concentrations of silver or clostridium perfringens spores (an ecologically benign tracer of sewage), in bottom sediments at a site 2.5 km west of the outfall. in suspended sediment samples collected with a time-series sediment trap located 1.3 km south of the outfall, silver and c. perfringens spores increased by 38% and 103%, respectively, in post-outfall samples whil ... | 2002 | 12474967 |
| encapsulated bifidobacterium bifidum potentiates intestinal iga production. | we asked whether bifidobacterium bifidum regulates the synthesis of iga by mucosal lymphoid cells. b. bifidum alone, but not clostridium perfringens, significantly induced total iga and igm synthesis by both mesenteric lymph nodes (mln) and peyer's patch (pp) cells. we, further, investigated the mucosal antibody production following peroral administration of b. bifidum to mice. ingested b. bifidum significantly increased the number of ig (igm, igg, and iga) secreting cells in the culture of both ... | 2002 | 12473264 |
| the c-terminal domain of perfringolysin o is an essential cholesterol-binding unit targeting to cholesterol-rich microdomains. | there is much evidence to indicate that cholesterol forms lateral membrane microdomains (rafts), and to suggest their important role in cellular signaling. however, no probe has been produced to analyze cholesterol behavior, especially cholesterol movement in rafts, in real time. to obtain a potent tool for analyzing cholesterol dynamics in rafts, we prepared and characterized several truncated fragments of theta-toxin (perfringolysin o), a cholesterol-binding cytolysin, whose chemically modifie ... | 2002 | 12473115 |
| contribution of histidine residues to oligomerization of theta-toxin (perfringolysin o), a cholesterol-binding cytolysin. | theta-toxin (perfringolysin o) modified by diethyl pyrocarbonate, a histidine-specific reagent, lost its hemolytic activity. the modified toxin retains the activities of binding to and insertion into cholesterol-containing membranes but lacks the ability to form oligomers. these results suggest that histidine residues of theta-toxin contribute their share to cytolysis, especially the oligomerization process. | 1999 | 12472084 |
| fructooligosaccharides and lactobacillus acidophilus modify gut microbial populations, total tract nutrient digestibilities and fecal protein catabolite concentrations in healthy adult dogs. | the objective of this research was to determine whether fructooligosaccharides (fos) and (or) lactobacillus acidophilus (lac) affected concentrations of gut microbial populations, fermentative end products and nutrient digestibilities in healthy adult dogs. two experiments were performed using 40 adult dogs (20 dogs/experiment). dogs in each experiment were randomly assigned to one of 4 treatments. twice daily, treatments were given orally via gelatin capsules: 1) 2 g sucrose + 80 mg cellulose; ... | 2002 | 12468613 |
| pcr detection of clostridium chauvoei in pure cultures and in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to amplify specific segments of the 16s ribosomal rna gene of clostridium chauvoei, a major pathogen of ruminants. three sets of primers were used to produce amplicons of 159, 836 and 959 base pairs (bp), respectively. the pcr was evaluated by testing clinically important strains of clostridium, including 21 strains of c. chauvoei, five strains each of clostridium septicum and clostridium perfringens and two strains each of clostridium novyi, clostrid ... | 2003 | 12458172 |
| isolation of nisin-producing lactococcus lactis wnc 20 strain from nham, a traditional thai fermented sausage. | a total of 14,020 lactic acid bacteria (lab) were isolated from nham and screened for bacteriocin production. one lactococcus lactis strain wnc 20 produced a bacteriocin that not only inhibited closely related lab, but also some food-borne pathogens including listeria monocytogenes, clostridium perfringens, bacillus cereus and staphylococcus aureus. biochemical studies revealed that the bacteriocin was heat-stable even at autoclaving temperature (121 degrees c for 15 min) and was active over a w ... | 2003 | 12457588 |
| quantitative determination of bile salt hydrolase activity in bacteria isolated from the small intestine of chickens. | a quantitative assay based on high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of bile salts and bacterial protein determination was established for investigating bile salt hydrolase (bsh) activity in bacteria isolated from the small intestine of chickens. bacteria were isolated using various media and were subsequently grouped according to cell morphology, fermentation profile, and 16s ribosomal dna sequence. representative isolates from each bacterial group were assayed for bsh activity. the is ... | 2002 | 12450872 |
| effects of dietary fat source and subtherapeutic levels of antibiotic on the bacterial community in the ileum of broiler chickens at various ages. | the effect of dietary fat source (soy oil or a mixture of lard and tallow) and dietary supplementation with antibiotics (a combination of avilamycin at 10 mg kg of feed(-1) and salinomycin at 40 mg kg of feed(-1)) on the bacterial community in the ileum of broiler chickens at different ages (7, 14, 21, and 35 days) was studied using pcr with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) analysis and bacteriological culture. the bacterial origin of fragments in dgge profiles was identified by se ... | 2002 | 12450811 |
| recruitment of murine neutrophils in vivo through endogenous sialidase activity. | upon activation with various noncytokine stimuli, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns) mobilize intracellular sialidase to the plasma membrane, where the sialidase releases sialic acid from the cell surface. this desialylation enhances pmn adherence, spreading, deformability, and motility, functions critical to diapedesis. we now have examined the role of sialidase activity in pmn adhesion to and migration across the endothelium in vivo. a polyclonal antibody prepared against clostridium perfring ... | 2003 | 12446694 |
| clostridial enteritis necroticans versus secondary clostridial infection superimposed upon ischemic bowel disease. | clostridial enteritis necroticans, or pig-bel, as seen in papua new guinea, is a necrotizing, segmental gangrene of the small intestine occurring in members of a malnourished population, who become ill after consuming large quantities of pork contaminated with type c. clostridium perfringens. we report a case of possible clostridial enteritis necroticans with concomitant ischemic intestinal disease secondary to superior mesenteric arterial thrombosis occurring in a 53-year-old woman with a long ... | 2002 | 12440753 |
| innate immune responses of human neonatal cells to bacteria from the normal gastrointestinal flora. | the hygiene hypothesis postulates that the prevalence of allergy has increased due to decreased microbial stimulation early in life, leading to delayed maturation of the immune system. the aim of this study was to examine the cytokine pattern produced from cord blood mononuclear cells relative to adult cells after stimulation with bacterial strains from the normal flora. mononuclear cells from cord and adult blood samples were stimulated with the following bacteria: bifidobacterium adolescentis, ... | 2002 | 12438343 |
| fate of bacterial indicators, viruses and protozoan parasites in a wastewater multi-component treatment system. | the extent of reduction in selected microrganisms was tested at a multi-component wastewater treatment plant that treats sewage for a potential re-use in agriculture. the aim of the investigation was to evaluate possible reciprocal correlation among the different microrganisms and to compare the removal of two encysted pathogenic protozoa with that of microbial indicators, clostridium perfringens spores, enteroviruses and bacteriophages. samples collected included the raw wastewater, the chlorin ... | 2002 | 12437220 |
| laboratory diagnosis of clostridium perfringens antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. | clostridium perfringens has been reported as the cause of up to 15% of cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (aad) and may be diagnosed by detection of enterotoxin (cpent) in faeces. the performance of a commercial elisa method for cpent, with culture and pcr methods to confirm the presence of enterotoxigenic c. perfringens, was evaluated in 200 consecutive specimens from patients with clinical details suggestive of aad: 8% of the specimens were positive for cpent, 16% were positive for c. di ... | 2002 | 12435070 |
| trends in indigenous foodborne disease and deaths, england and wales: 1992 to 2000. | commitment to food safety is evidenced by high profile governmental initiatives around the globe. to measure progress towards targets, policy makers need to know the baseline from which they started. | 2002 | 12427786 |
| evaluation of a routine diagnostic fecal panel for dogs with diarrhea. | to assess the diagnostic yield of a routine fecal panel and determine whether clostridium perfringens or c difficile toxin production is associated with acute hemorrhagic diarrheal syndrome (ahds) in dogs. | 2002 | 12420824 |
| what is your diagnosis? an oval gas lucency. | 2002 | 12420820 | |
| effects of lactulose on the intestinal microflora of periparturient sows and their piglets. | the periparturient period of animals (and humans) is very stressful and influenced by the microecosystem of the gastrointestinal tract (git). performance and productivity of animal husbandry depend on the health of animal mothers and their offspring. we investigated the influence of prebiotic amounts of lactulose in sows and their piglets. two experimental trial sows received daily 30 ml lactulose, 71 field trial sows received daily 45 ml lactulose during their periparturient period (10 days bef ... | 2002 | 12420113 |
| thoughts on bowel treatment in cattle. | 2002 | 12418686 | |
| compositions and the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of achillea setacea and achillea teretifolia (compositae). | gc-ms analysis of the isolated essential oils from air-dried aerial parts of achillea setacea and achillea teretifolia, an endemic taxon, resulted in the identification of 51 constituents (79.8% of the total oil) and 42 constituents (87.1% of the total oil), respectively. eucalyptol (1,8-cineole) was the major constituent of both oils studied (18.5 and 19.9%, respectively). the antimicrobial activities of the essential oils were individually evaluated against 14 microorganisms. both oils exhibit ... | 2002 | 12413716 |
| brewers dried yeast as a source of mannan oligosaccharides for weanling pigs. | brewers dried yeast, a source of mannan oligosaccharides (mos), was assessed as an alternative to an antimicrobial agent (carbadox) for young pigs in two experiments. the yeast contained 5.2% mos. agglutination tests confirmed adsorption of several serovars of e. coli and salmonella spp. onto the yeast product. in exp. 1, seven replicates (five pigs per pen) of 22-d-old pigs were fed a nonmedicated basal diet or the basal diet with carbadox (55 mg/kg), yeast (3%), or a combination of 3% yeast an ... | 2002 | 12413084 |
| nan fusions: a synthetic sialidase reporter gene as a sensitive and versatile partner for gus. | gus continues to be the reporter of choice for many gene fusion applications, due to the unparalleled sensitivity of the encoded enzyme and the ease with which it can be quantified in cell-free extracts and visualized histochemically in cells and tissues. a compatible and functionally equivalent reporter gene would facilitate dual promoter studies and internal standardization of expression analyses in the same plant. a search for a candidate enzyme activity not found in plants, which might form ... | 2002 | 12410816 |
| nutritional aspects of short-chain fructooligosaccharides: natural occurrence, chemistry, physiology and health implications. | short-chain fructooligosaccharides occur in a number of edible plants, such as chicory, onions, asparagus, wheat... they are a group of linear fructose oligomers with a degree of polymerisation ranging from n = 1 up to 5 (oligosaccharides). short-chain fructooligosaccharides, to a large extent, escape digestion in the human upper intestine and reach the colon where they are totally fermented mostly to lactate, short chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate and butyrate), and gas, like dietary fibr ... | 2002 | 12408453 |
| the murein hydrolase of the bacteriophage phi3626 dual lysis system is active against all tested clostridium perfringens strains. | clostridium perfringens commonly occurs in food and feed, can produce an enterotoxin frequently implicated in food-borne disease, and has a substantial negative impact on the poultry industry. as a step towards new approaches for control of this organism, we investigated the cell wall lysis system of c. perfringens bacteriophage phi3626, whose dual lysis gene cassette consists of a holin gene and an endolysin gene. hol3626 has two membrane-spanning domains (msds) and is a group ii holin. a posit ... | 2002 | 12406719 |
| selective growth of mucolytic bacteria including clostridium perfringens in a neonatal piglet model of total parenteral nutrition. | compromised barrier function and intestinal inflammation are common complications of total parenteral nutrition (tpn). | 2002 | 12399288 |
| characterization of the tetracycline resistance plasmid pmd5057 from lactobacillus plantarum 5057 reveals a composite structure. | the 10,877bp tetracycline resistance plasmid pmd5057 from lactobacillus plantarum 5057 was completely sequenced. the sequence revealed a composite structure containing dna from up to four different sources. the replication region had homology to other plasmids of lactic acid bacteria while the tetracycline resistance region, containing a tet(m) gene, had high homology to sequences from clostridium perfringens and staphylococcus aureus. within the tetracycline resistance region a lactobacillus is ... | 2002 | 12383727 |
| inhibition of growth, enterotoxin production, and spore formation of clostridium perfringens by extracts of medicinal plants. | the extracts of 14 plants used in the traditional medicine of mexico were evaluated for their effects on the growth, spore formation, and enterotoxin production of clostridium perfringens type a. the extracts of psidium guajava l., haemotoxylon brasiletto, and euphobia prostata were the most effective inhibitors of growth, spore formation, and enterotoxin production. no enterotoxins were detected when extracts were added to the media at less than the mic for growth. | 2002 | 12380759 |
| environmental response and autoregulation of clostridium difficile txer, a sigma factor for toxin gene expression. | txer, a sigma factor that directs clostridium difficile rna polymerase to recognize the promoters of two major toxin genes, was shown to stimulate its own synthesis. whether expressed in c. difficile, clostridium perfringens, or escherichia coli, txer stimulated transcription of fusions of the txer promoter region to reporter genes. as is the case for the tox genes, txer expression was responsive to the cellular growth phase and the constituents of the medium. that is, the level of expression in ... | 2002 | 12374831 |
| the c-terminal domain of pancreatic lipase: functional and structural analogies with c2 domains. | the 3d structure of pancreatic lipase (pl) consists of two functional domains. the n-terminal domain belongs to the alpha/beta hydrolase fold and contains the active site, which involves a catalytic triad analogous to that present in serine proteases. the beta-sandwich c-terminal domain of pl plays an important part in the binding process between the lipase and colipase, the specific pl cofactor. recent structure-function studies have suggested that the pl c-terminal domain may have an extra rol ... | 2000 | 12369922 |
| structural insights into the membrane-anchoring mechanism of a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin. | perfringolysin o (pfo), a cytolytic toxin secreted by pathogenic clostridium perfringens, forms large pores in cholesterol-containing membranes. domain 4 (d4) of the protein interacts first with the membrane and is responsible for cholesterol recognition. by using several independent fluorescence techniques, we have determined the topography of d4 in the membrane-inserted oligomeric form of the toxin. only the short hydrophobic loops at the tip of the d4 beta-sandwich are exposed to the bilayer ... | 2002 | 12368903 |
| the fxrxhrs motif: a conserved region essential for dna binding of the virr response regulator from clostridium perfringens. | the virsr two-component signal transduction pathway regulates virulence and toxin production in clostridium perfringens, the causative agent of gas gangrene. the response regulator, virr, binds to repeat sequences located upstream of the promoter and is directly responsible for the transcriptional activation of pfoa, the structural gene for the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, perfringolysin o. comparative sequence analysis of the 236 amino acid residue virr protein revealed a two-domain structu ... | 2002 | 12367524 |
| the influence of grinding and pelleting of feed on the microbial composition and activity in the digestive tract of broiler chickens. | 1. the influence of feed grinding (coarsely or finely ground feed) and feed form (mash or pellets) on the intestinal environment was investigated in a growth experiment with broiler chickens taking the intestinal microflora, intestinal viscosity, and the activities of pancreatic digestive enzymes into consideration. 2. as compared to mash the feeding of pellets was associated with a significantly higher body weight due to increased feed intake and improved feed utilisation. 3. pellet-fed birds h ... | 2002 | 12365514 |
| purulent pericarditis as a sequela to clostridial myositis in a horse. | 2002 | 12358008 | |
| an intraorbital injury from an occult wooden foreign body. | 2002 | 12353904 | |
| genotypic and phenotypic characterization of clostridium perfringens and clostridium difficile in diarrheic and healthy dogs. | the objectives of this study were to examine the potential roles of clostridium difficile and enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens in diarrhea in dogs by comparison of isolation, determination of toxin status via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and application of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr). these techniques were used to evaluate fecal specimens in 132 healthy and diarrheic dogs. these dogs were prospectively evaluated by grouping them into the following 3 categories: ... | 2002 | 12322702 |
| analysis of heat shock protein 60 encoding genes of mycoplasmas and investigations concerning their role in immunity and infection. | only little is known about the heat shock proteins (hsp) and hsp-encoding genes of mycoplasmas. the aim of this study was to identify and sequence the hsp60 gene of mycoplasma agalactiae, mycoplasma arthritidis, mycoplasma bovis, and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, and to investigate the immune response to hsp60. fragments of the hsp60 genes of m. agalactiae, m. arthritidis, m. bovis and m. hyopneumoniae representing almost the entire coding region were amplified by pcr. two fragments of a hsp60 gene ... | 2002 | 12243891 |
| activity of endodontic antibacterial agents against selected anaerobic bacteria. | the antimicrobial activity of substances used as antibacterial agents (solutions of 10% calcium hydroxide, camphorated paramonochlorophenol - pmcc, 2% chlorhexidine digluconate and 10% castor oil plant detergent) on anaerobic bacteria (fusobacterium nucleatum atcc 25586, prevotella nigrescens atcc 33563, clostridium perfringens atcc 13124 and bacteroidesfragilis atcc 25285), using a broth dilution technique, was evaluated in vitro. for determination of minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericide ... | 2002 | 12238802 |
| optimizing sporulation of clostridium perfringens. | many sporulation media have been developed for clostridium perfringens, but none stimulates sporulation for all strains. the aim of our experiments was to develop a sporulation method using duncan and strong (ds) medium, which supports sporulation of a wide variety of strains. different inoculation levels were tested, and the effects of sporulation-promoting substances and acid shock were evaluated. furthermore, ds medium was compared with other sporulation media. highest spore numbers in ds med ... | 2002 | 12233858 |
| the effect of different cooking procedures on microbiological and chemical quality characteristics of tekirdağ meatballs. | in this research, the effects of different cooking processes (grilling, oven, and microwave cooking) on microbial flora and chemical composition of the raw and cooked meatballs as consumed in tekirdağ were investigated. microbial flora of the raw meatballs was as follows: total bacteria, 6.02 x 10(6) cfu/g; psychrophilic bacteria, 1.3 x 10(5) cfu/g; yeast and mould, 2.4 x 10(5) cfu/g; coliforms, 1.1 x 10(5) cfu/g; escherichia coli, 1.0 x 10(2) cfu/g; total staphylococcae, 3.3 x 10(2) cfu/g; stap ... | 2002 | 12224424 |
| clostridium welchii infection following amniocentesis: a case report and review of the literature. | we report a case of severe clostridium welchii infection following amniocentesis with septicaemia, haemolysis, dic, pulmonary oedema and renal failure. full recovery occurred following aggressive conservative management using antibiotics, endometrial curettage and intensive monitoring. the patient retained her uterus and had a successful pregnancy two years later although caesarean section for uterine rupture was required. conservative management with conservation of the uterus and ovaries may b ... | 2002 | 12224071 |
| preliminary evidence for human fecal contamination in corals of the florida keys, usa. | corals and reef environments are under increased stress from anthropogenic activities, particularly those in the vicinity of heavily populated areas such as the florida keys. the potential adverse impacts of wastewater can affect both the environment and human health; however, because of the high decay rate of bacterial indicators in coral reef waters it has been difficult to document the presence of microbial contaminants and to assign risks in these environments. here we show initial evidence ... | 2002 | 12222890 |
| clostridium perfringens iota toxin. mapping of the ia domain involved in docking with ib and cellular internalization. | clostridium perfringens iota toxin consists of two unlinked proteins. the binding component (ib) is required to internalize into cells an enzymatic component (ia) that adp-ribosylates g-actin. to characterize the ia domain that interacts with ib, fusion proteins were constructed between the c. botulinum c3 enzyme, which adp-ribosylates rho, and various truncated versions of ia. these chimeric molecules retained the wild type adp-ribosyltransferase activity specific for rho and were recognized by ... | 2002 | 12221101 |
| hemorrhagic bowel syndrome in dairy cattle: 22 cases (1997-2000). | to determine signalment, history, and clinical, necropsy, and microbiologic findings in dairy cows with hemorrhagic bowel syndrome. | 2002 | 12216909 |
| [a case of invasive clostridium perfringens infection complicated intravascular hemolysis]. | we experience a case of a 83-year-old male who was admitted complaining of chills, cramp, high fever and respiratory distress. his blood revealed marked hemolysis. gram positive rods was observed in the hemoliesed blood taken on admission. about 2 hours after admission, he suddenly fell into a critical condition. he died about 6 hours after admission in spite of resuscitation. clostridium perfringens was detected from the blood and liver obtained by autopsy. we suspected that he died of acute in ... | 2002 | 12212323 |
| toxin types of clostridium perfringens isolated from free-ranging, semi-domesticated reindeer in norway. | samples of faeces were taken from 166 healthy domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) from three flocks in different reindeer husbandry districts in northern norway and examined bacteriologically for the presence of clostridium perfringens. the organism was isolated from 98 (59 per cent) of the reindeer. the isolates were classified into c perfringens toxin types by pcr analysis specific for the genes encoding the four major toxins (alpha, beta, epsilon and tau) and were subclassified ... | 2002 | 12211393 |
| identification, molecular cloning and expression of an alpha-n-acetylgalactosaminidase gene from clostridium perfringens. | the clostridium perfringens gene encoding the previously characterized alpha-n-acetylgalactosaminidase (alphanag) was identified by protein microsequencing and database searching. the alphanag protein, designated aaga, was found to be encoded by a hypothetical gene of unknown function in the recently completed genome sequence of c. perfringens strain 13. the deduced translation product of 629 amino acid residues possessed a region of limited homology to several hypothetical open reading frames, ... | 2002 | 12204375 |
| changes in gene expression during the early to mid-luteal (receptive phase) transition in human endometrium detected by high-density microarray screening. | high density cdna microarray screening was used to determine changes in gene expression occurring during the transition between the early luteal (prereceptive) and mid-luteal (receptive) phases in human endometrium. of approximately 12,000 genes profiled, 693 (5.8%) displayed >2-fold differences in relative levels of expression between these stages. of these, 370 genes (3.1%) displayed decreases ranging from 2- to >100-fold while 323 genes (2.7%) displayed increases ranging from 2- to >45-fold. ... | 2002 | 12200466 |
| pcr detection and prevalence of enterotoxin (cpe) gene in clostridium perfringens isolated from diarrhea patients. | clostridium perfringens isolated from patients with diarrhea (n=233) were analysed by a duplex pcr assay, in order to determine the prevalence of enterotoxin (cpe) gene and various factors involved in patients with cpe-positive isolates. this duplex pcr uses two sets of primers which amplify in the same reaction two different gene fragments: the phospholipase c (plc, alpha-toxin) and the enterotoxin (cpe) genes in c. perfringens. pcr analysis of 477 colonies of fecal spore isolates, from 159 pat ... | 2002 | 12188395 |
| differential conformational environment of tryptophan in epsilon native prototoxin and active toxin from clostridium perfringens type d. | the tryptophan content of clostridium perfringens type d epsilon protoxin and toxin was found to be one residue per molecule of protein. n-bromosuccinimide in the presence of urea cleaves the tryptophan with total loss of lethality in both toxin and prototoxin. fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (cd) and 10% ethylene glycol solvent perturbation studies showed that the tryptophan in epsilon toxin and that in prototoxin have different conformational environments. the tryptophan is more ... | 2002 | 12186772 |
| [enterotoxic strains of clostridium perfringens and sporulation]. | clostridium perfringens strains of a type capable of enterotoxin (cpe) synthesis may be a potential source of food-poisoning. suitability of methods for cpe detection on the protein level is limited by difficulties in inducing sporulation in vitro. a number of unknown facts concerning coregulation the sporulation processes and cpe synthesis are recognised. the goal of the work was to determine the level of correlation between cpe synthesis and spores formation. enterotoxin and cpe gen were detec ... | 2002 | 12185684 |
| hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of orbital gas gangrene. | clostridial gas gangrene (myonecrosis) is a rapidly progressive, life-threatening infection. the occurrence of clostridial gas gangrene in the orbit is uncommon. we present a case of gas gangrene in the orbit of a child, with clostridium perfringens isolated from the wound. our patient was successfully treated with extensive surgical débridement, anti-microbial therapy, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. hyperbaric oxygen is established as an adjuvant therapy of clostridial gas gangrene and has been ... | 2002 | 12185353 |
| confused by results of study on use of fecal panel for dogs. | 2002 | 12184695 | |
| [clostridium perfringens in raw and cooked meats and its relation with the environment in costa rica]. | the presence of clostridium perfringens in eight slaughter houses from costa rica was analyzed using the most probable number (mpn) technique, in order to assess the risk of acquiring a food borne intoxication due to consumption of contaminated meat. c. perfringens was detected in 29 (88%) out of 33 soil samples collected from the slaughter house surroundings (average 6.7 x 10(2) mpn/g), as well as in 70 (93%) out of 75 intestinal contents of slaughtered animals (average 3 x 10(4) mpn/g), in 42 ... | 2002 | 12184149 |
| french laboratory proficiency testing program for food microbiology. | the proficiency testing program in food microbiology (réseau d'analyses et d'echanges en microbiologie des aliments; raema), created in 1988, currently includes 440 participating laboratories. the program establishes proficiency in detection of salmonella and listeria monocytogenes, as well as quantitation of aerobic microorganisms, enterobacteriaceae, coliforms, escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens, coagulase-positive staphylococcus, and listeria monocytogenes. twice a year, 5 test samples ... | 2002 | 12180693 |
| clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin forms a heptameric pore within the detergent-insoluble microdomains of madin-darby canine kidney cells and rat synaptosomes. | clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin, which is responsible for enterotoxaemia in ungulates, forms a heptamer in rat synaptosomal and madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cell membranes, leading to membrane permealization. thus, the toxin may target the detergent-resistant membrane domains (drms) of these membranes, in analogy to aerolysin, a heptameric pore-forming toxin that associates with drms. to test this idea, we examined the distribution of radiolabeled epsilon-toxin in drm and detergent-sol ... | 2002 | 12177068 |
| clostridium perfringens iota toxin: characterization of the cell-associated iota b complex. | clostridium perfringens type e iota toxin consists of two unlinked proteins designated as iota a (ia; molecular mass approximately 47 kda), an adp-ribosyltransferase and iota b (ib; molecular mass approximately 81 kda) which binds to the cell surface and facilitates ia entry into the cytosol. by western-blot analysis, ib incubated with vero cells at 37 degrees c generated a cell-associated, sds-insoluble oligomer of ib (molecular mass>220 kda) within 15 s, which was still evident 110 min after w ... | 2002 | 12175336 |
| characterization of a bacteriocin produced by a newly isolated bacillus sp. strain 8 a. | the aim of this research was to investigate the production of bacteriocins by bacillus spp. isolated from native soils of south of brazil. | 2002 | 12174052 |
| the role of clostridial toxins in the pathogenesis of gas gangrene. | clostridium perfringens gas gangrene is, without a doubt, the most fulminant necrotizing infection that affects humans. in victims of traumatic injury, the infection can become well established in as little as 6-8 h, and the destruction of adjacent healthy muscle can progress several inches per hour despite appropriate antibiotic coverage. shock and organ failure are present in 50% of patients and, among these, 40% die. despite modern medical advances and intensive-care regimens, radical amputat ... | 2002 | 12173116 |
| regrowth and survival of indicator microorganisms on the surfaces of household containers used for the storage of drinking water in rural communities of south africa. | the present study covered two rural communities of south africa: ncera and ntselamanzi villages. raw water from ncera river is used by the community of ncera village for drinking, while the community of ntselamanzi receives their drinking water from alice purification system. treated water is supplied to the community by a public standpipe system. in rural communities of south africa, many households use polyethylene (pe) and galvanized steel (gs) containers for the storage of their drinking wat ... | 2002 | 12171400 |
| on the activation of plasma membrane ecto-enzymes by treatment with neuraminidase. | it had been proposed that sialyl-residues on the surface of the cell control the activity of certain plasma membrane ecto-enzymes. we have tested the effects of several established (or presumptive) ecto-enzymes in tissue cultures of cns-derived cells. application of neuraminidases to cultured mouse neuroblastoma (n-18), neonatal syrian hamster astrocytes (nn), human astrocytoma (cox clone) and two lines of primary mouse astroblasts failed to change the activity of ecto-atpase and 5'-nucleotidase ... | 1976 | 12170585 |
| the distribution and frequency of clostridium perfringens toxinotypes in healthy sheep in benin, west africa. | 2002 | 12166330 | |
| clostridium botulinum c2 toxin: binding studies with fluorescence-activated cytometry. | clostridium botulinum c2 enterotoxin consists of two unlinked proteins designated as c2ii, which recognizes a cell-surface glycoprotein and translocates an adp-ribosyltransferase, c2i, into the cytosol of a targeted cell. fluorescence-activated cytometry was used to study the cellular interactions of alexa488-labeled c2i (c2i-a488) and proteolytically activated c2ii (c2iia-a488). the binding of c2iia-a488 (4 degrees c/10 min) to chinese hamster ovary (cho) and african green monkey kidney (vero) ... | 2002 | 12165316 |
| in vitro fermentation properties of selected fructooligosaccharide-containing vegetables and in vivo colonic microbial populations are affected by the diets of healthy human infants. | salsify (tragopogon porrifolius) and gobo (arctium lappa) are root vegetables that contain high concentrations of naturally occurring fructooligosaccharides (fos), nondigestible oligosaccharides that have prebiotic effects on the intestinal microflora. the objective of this study was to compare colonic microbial populations and the fermentation characteristics of gobo and salsify in breast-fed vs. formula-fed infants. fecal inoculum from breast-fed and formula-fed infants consuming either no sol ... | 2002 | 12163660 |
| two novel oligosaccharides formed by 1f-fructosyltransferase purified from roots of asparagus (asparagus officinalis l.). | two novel oligosaccharides, tetra-and penta-saccharides were synthesized by fructosyl transfer from 1-kestose to 4g-beta-d-galactopyranosylsucrose with a purified 1f-fructosyltransferase of asparagus roots and identified as 1f-beta-d-fructofuranosyl-4g-beta-d-galactopyranosylsucrose, o-beta-d-fructofuranosyl-(2-->1)-beta-d-fructofuranosyl-o-[beta-d-galactopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-alpha-d-glucopyranoside and 1f(1-beta-d-fructofuranosyl)2-4g-beta-d-galactopyranosylsucrose, [o-beta-d-fructofuranosyl-(2-- ... | 2002 | 12162573 |
| a survey of agents associated with neonatal diarrhea in iowa swine including clostridium difficile and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | this survey was undertaken to determine the relative frequency of agents that are currently associated with neonatal diarrhea in swine, including clostridium difficile and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). the subjects for this study were the first 100 live 1-7-day-old piglets submitted to the iowa state university veterinary diagnostic laboratory with a clinical signalment of diarrhea, beginning on january 1, 2000. the evaluation of each pig included bacterial culture ... | 2002 | 12152806 |
| molecular epidemiology of clostridium perfringens related to food-borne outbreaks of disease in finland from 1984 to 1999. | from 1975 to 1999, clostridium perfringens caused 238 food-borne disease outbreaks in finland, which is 20% of all such reported outbreaks during these years. the fact that c. perfringens is commonly found in human and animal stools and that it is also widespread in the environment is a disadvantage when one is searching for the specific cause of a food-borne infection by traditional methods. in order to strengthen the evidence-based diagnostics of food poisonings suspected to be caused by c. pe ... | 2002 | 12147468 |
| genomic analysis of clostridium perfringens bacteriophage phi3626, which integrates into guaa and possibly affects sporulation. | two temperate viruses, phi3626 and phi8533, have been isolated from lysogenic clostridium perfringens strains. phage phi3626 was chosen for detailed analysis and was inspected by electron microscopy, protein profiling, and host range determination. for the first time, the nucleotide sequence of a bacteriophage infecting clostridium species was determined. the virus belongs to the siphoviridae family of the tailed phages, the order caudovirales. its genome consists of a linear double-stranded dna ... | 2002 | 12142405 |
| clostridium perfringens urachitis and uroperitoneum in 2 neonatal foals. | 2002 | 12141314 | |
| [the necrotizing enteritis by clostridium perfringens type c in piglets: ii. molecular epidemiology study]. | investigations were performed on shedding of c. perfringens in sows from four different pig farms. in two farms where no outbreaks of necrotizing enteritis had been observed, no strains of c. perfringens producing beta-toxin were detected in the faeces of sows. in contrast, c. perfringens strains producing beta-toxin were detected in sows on both farms suffering outbreaks of acute necrotizing enteritis. strains of c. perfringens producing beta-toxin were invariably positive for the beta 2-toxin ... | 2002 | 12125238 |
| [the necrotizing enteritis by clostridium perfringens type c in piglets: practical observations, control and epidemiology]. | necrotizing enteritis in piglets is caused by the spore-forming anaerobe clostridium perfringens type c. the pathology is believed to be due to the production of beta-toxin by the agent and the infection tends to persist in affected herds despite appropriate hygiene measures. during the period 1989 to 2001, 35 outbreaks were observed in 15 herds in a limited geographic region in northwestern switzerland in the canton of fribourg. initial outbreaks of acute disease were followed by chronic manife ... | 2002 | 12125237 |
| effects of rifaximin administration on the intestinal microbiota in patients with ulcerative colitis. | the effect of rifaximin on the intestinal bacterial population was studied in a clinical trial. twelve patients with ulcerative colitis were administered rifaximin 1800 mg/day in 3 treatment periods of 10 days, each followed by 25 days of wash-out. fecal samples were collected at the beginning and at the end of each treatment period to perform microbiological examinations. titer variations of enterococci, coliforms, lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, bacteroides spp., and clostridium perfringens as w ... | 2002 | 12120885 |
| organization of the plasmid cpe locus in clostridium perfringens type a isolates. | clostridium perfringens type a isolates causing food poisoning have a chromosomal enterotoxin gene (cpe), while c. perfringens type a isolates responsible for non-food-borne human gastrointestinal diseases carry a plasmid cpe gene. in the present study, the plasmid cpe locus of the type a non-food-borne-disease isolate f4969 was sequenced to design primers and probes for comparative pcr and southern blot studies of the cpe locus in other type a isolates. those analyses determined that the region ... | 2002 | 12117935 |
| spontaneous gas gangrene in malignant lymphoma: an underreported complication? | we report a case of spontaneous gas gangrene (sgg), the most rapidly progressive form of clostridial infection, in a patient with non-hodgkin's lymphoma (nhl). we review the literature and examine the association between these two entities. a 43-year-old man with nhl developed fatal c. perfringens-associated sgg and massive hemolysis during induction chemotherapy. although patients with nhl usually have several risk factors of sgg, such as bowel involvement or neutropenia, only two cases have be ... | 2002 | 12111788 |
| general outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease linked with red meat, england and wales, 1992-1999. | between 1992 and 1999, 1,426 foodborne general outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease (iid) were reported to the public health laboratory service (phls) communicable disease surveillance centre (cdsc). sixteen percent were linked with the consumption of red meat. over 5,000 people were affected, with 186 hospital admissions and nine deaths. beef (34%) and pig meat (32%) were the most frequently implicated meat types, with lamb implicated in 11% of outbreaks. the organisms most frequently rep ... | 2001 | 12109392 |
| [fulminant sepsis caused by clostridium perfringens of urologic origin]. | to present a case of fulminant sepsis caused by clostridium perfringens of urological origin. | 2002 | 12094492 |
| distribution of genes encoding the trypsin-dependent lantibiotic ruminococcin a among bacteria isolated from human fecal microbiota. | fourteen bacterial strains capable of producing a trypsin-dependent antimicrobial substance active against clostridium perfringens were isolated from human fecal samples of various origins (from healthy adults and children, as well as from adults with chronic pouchitis). identification of these strains showed that they belonged to ruminococcus gnavus, clostridium nexile, and ruminococcus hansenii species or to new operational taxonomic units, all from the clostridium coccoides phylogenetic group ... | 2002 | 12089024 |
| depuration dynamics of viruses in shellfish. | the consumption of shellfish has been associated with viral infections even in cases where shellfish complied with the current regulation, which is based on bacterial analysis. in this study, depuration rates of potential indicators and human viruses have been analysed in order to study the use of complementary parameters for evaluating the microbiological quality of depurated shellfish. depuration of naturally highly polluted mussels has been evaluated and analyses for escherichia coli, clostri ... | 2002 | 12076030 |
| microbiological, biological, and chemical weapons of warfare and terrorism. | microbiological, biological, and chemical toxins have been employed in warfare and in terrorist attacks. in this era, it is imperative that health care providers are familiar with illnesses caused by these agents. botulinum toxin produces a descending flaccid paralysis. staphylococcal enterotoxin b produces a syndrome of fever, nausea, and diarrhea and may produce a pulmonary syndrome if aerosolized. clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin could possibly be aerosolized to produce acute pulmonary e ... | 2002 | 12074487 |
| hydrolysis of cortex peptidoglycan during bacterial spore germination. | despite the most extreme dormancy and resistance properties among living systems, bacterial endospores retain an alert sensory mechanism to respond to the germinants and initiate germination. although the molecular mechanism of the germination process is not completely described, current progress in the studies on the enzymes involved in the process gave us a somewhat clearer picture of the process of spore peptidoglycan (cortex) hydrolysis, a major biochemical event in germination. germination- ... | 2002 | 12070452 |
| sulfate-reducing bacteria colonize pouches formed for ulcerative colitis but not for familial adenomatous polyposis. | ileal pouch-anal anastomosis remains the "gold standard" in surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis. pouchitis occurs mainly in patients with a background of ulcerative colitis, although the reasons for this are unknown. the aim of this study was to characterize differences in pouch bacterial populations between ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous pouches. | 2002 | 12068199 |
| crystal structure of the c. perfringens alpha-toxin with the active site closed by a flexible loop region. | clostridium perfringens biotype a strains are the causative agents of gas-gangrene in man and are also implicated as etiological agents in sudden death syndrome in young domestic livestock. the main virulence factor produced by these strains is a zinc-dependent, phosphatidylcholine-preferring phospholipase c (alpha-toxin). the crystal structure of alpha-toxin, at ph 7.5, with the active site open and therefore accessible to substrate has previously been reported, as has calcium-binding to the c- ... | 2002 | 12051905 |
| massive intravascular haemolysis in a patient with clostridium perfringens sepsis. | 2002 | 12047518 |