Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| engineered bacillus thuringiensis go33a with broad insecticidal activity against lepidopteran and coleopteran pests. | a recombinant plasmid pstk-3a containing cry3aa7 gene encoding a coleopteran-specific insecticidal protein was constructed and introduced into wild bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai g03, which contained cry1aa, cry1ac, cry1ca, and cry2ab genes and was highly toxic to lepidopteran insect pests. the genetically engineered strain were named g033a. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blot analysis demonstrated that the cry3aa7 gene was expressed normally and pro ... | 2006 | 16572346 |
| physiology of sporeforming bacteria associated with insects ii. lipids of vegetative cells. | lipid composition was studied in two strains each of mid-log phase cells of bacillus thuringiensis, b. larvae, b. popilliae, b. alvei, and b. lentimorbus. total lipids varied from 2.5 to 3.5% of the cell dry weight of b. thuringiensis to 4.3 to 5.0% of b. popilliae. phospholipids in the organisms examined ranged from 55 to 79% of total lipids; neutral lipids averaged from 13 to 45%. common phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and lysophosphat ... | 1970 | 16559100 |
| detection of bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki hd1 on cabbage for human consumption. | the objectives of the study were to develop a specific procedure for quantification and identification of bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki hd1, which is used as a biopesticide, and to quantify its presence in different kinds of cabbage for human consumption. we found that b. thuringiensis kurstaki hd1 can be distinguished from other b. thuringiensis strains by its unique random amplification of polymophic dna-pcr pattern with the opa9 primer and the presence of the flagellin genes, as detected by ... | 2006 | 16553839 |
| novel technology for rapid species-specific detection of bacillus spores. | there is an urgent need for a small, inexpensive sensor that can rapidly detect bio-warfare agents with high specificity. bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, would be a perilous disease-causing organism in the event of a release. currently, most anthrax detection research is based on nucleic acid detection, immunoassays and mass spectrometry, with few detection levels reported below 10(5) spores. here, we show the ability to distinguish bacillus spores to a level approaching 10(3 ... | 2006 | 16542873 |
| diversity of commensal bacillus cereus sensu lato isolated from the common sow bug (porcellio scaber, isopoda). | although bacillus cereus sensu lato are important both from an ecological and an economical point of view, little is known about their population structure, ecology, and relationships with other organisms. in the present work, the genotypic similarity of arthropod-borne b. cereus s.l. isolates, and their symbiotic relationship with the host are assessed. bacilli of this group were recovered from the digestive tracts of sow bugs (porcellio scaber) collected in three closely located sites. their g ... | 2006 | 16542411 |
| effect of extended diapause on evolution of resistance to transgenic bacillus thuringiensis corn by northern corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | we develop a population genetics model for the northern corn rootworm, diabrotica barberi smith & lawrence, to examine the effect of extended diapause on the evolution of resistance to transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn, zea mays l. we model conditions found in the center of the extended diapause problem along the minnesota-south dakota-iowa borders. the proportion of resistance alleles in eggs oviposited after 15 simulated years is used to measure the evolution of resistance. sensitivi ... | 2005 | 16539154 |
| evaluation of a chemically inducible promoter for developing a within-plant refuge for resistance management. | chemically inducible production of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins in transgenic plants may provide considerable benefits in preventing or delaying the evolution of insect resistance to bt crops by creating within-plant temporal refuges. we examined the effect of inducible cry1ab expression on survival of different genotypes (rr, rs, and ss) of diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.), in transgenic broccoli, brassica oleracea l., plants transformed with a pr-1a/cry1ab expression cassette. ... | 2005 | 16539150 |
| abundance of coleomegilla maculata (coleoptera: coccinellidae) in corn rootworm-resistant cry3bb1 maize. | lady beetles (coleoptera: coccinellidae) are important polyphagous predators in maize, zea mays l., fields. transgenic cry3bb1 maize hybrids express a coleopteran-specific insecticidal protein derived from bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) subsp. kumamotoensis that is targeted at corn rootworm larvae. this study evaluated impacts of cry3bb1 protein-expressing maize, tefluthrin-treated maize, and untreated controls on lady beetle abundance at preanthesis, anthesis, and postanthesis maize-developm ... | 2005 | 16539124 |
| starch industry wastewater-based stable bacillus thuringiensis liquid formulations. | liquid formulations were developed from bacillus thuringiensis (bt)-fermented broths of starch industry wastewater (siw) and of soya medium. stability studies were carried out for 1 yr. storage stability was tested by studying various physical and chemical (e.g., viscosity, particle size, corrosion, and suspendibility) and biological (e.g., microbial contamination, viable spores, and entomotoxicity) parameters at different ph levels and temperatures. three suspending agents, sorbitol, sodium mon ... | 2005 | 16539110 |
| efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis against phyllocnistis citrella (lepidoptera: phyllocnistidae). | the purpose of this work was to analyze the efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis berliner on the control of phyllocnistis citrella stainton (lepidoptera: phyllocnistidae) in laboratory and field trials. in the laboratory, four b. thuringiensis were used: dipel (commercial formulation) tested at the concentrations of 25 x 10(6) and 25 x 10(8) spores/ml and the isolates k, 6, and 15 (collections of the university of azores) at the concentration of 25 x 10(6) spores/ ml. a surfactant solution of nono ... | 2005 | 16539108 |
| evolution of resistance to transgenic crops: interactions between insect movement and field distribution. | the refuge strategy is designed to delay evolution of pest resistance to transgenic crops producing bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) toxins. movement of insects between bt crops and refuges of non-bt crops is essential for the refuge strategy because it increases chances that resistant adults mate with susceptible adults from refuges. conclusions about optimal levels of movement for delaying resistance are not consistent among previous modeling studies. to clarify the effects of movement on ... | 2005 | 16539091 |
| cry9ca1 toxin, a bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein with high activity against the spruce budworm (choristoneura fumiferana). | the cry9ca1 toxin from bacillus thuringiensis was significantly more toxic to spruce budworm (choristoneura fumiferana) than the cry1ab6, cry1ba1, cry1ca2, cry1da1, cry1ea1, and cry1fa2 toxins. it displayed high activity against silkworm (bombyx mori) but was not toxic to black army cutworm (actebia fennica) or gypsy moth (lymantria dispar). the cry9ca1 is the most effective spruce budworm toxin known to date and may offer promise for control and resistance management of that species. | 1997 | 16535721 |
| microbial utilization of free and clay-bound insecticidal toxins from bacillus thuringiensis and their retention of insecticidal activity after incubation with microbes. | the insecticidal toxins produced by bacillus thuringiensis subspp. kurstaki and tenebrionis were resistant when bound on clays, but not when free, to utilization by pure and mixed cultures of microbes as sources of carbon and carbon plus nitrogen, and their availability as a nitrogen source was reduced. the bound toxins retained insecticidal activity both before and after exposure to microbes or pronase. the insecticidal activity of the toxins persisted for 40 days (the longest time evaluated) i ... | 1997 | 16535692 |
| inheritance of resistance to the bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1c in the diamondback moth. | laboratory selection increased resistance to the bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1c in a strain of diamondback moth (plutella xylostella). the selected strain was derived from a field population that had evolved high levels of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and moderate resistance to cry1c. relative to the responses of a susceptible strain of diamondback moth, the resistance to cry1c of the selected strain increased to 62-fold after six generations of selection. the realize ... | 1997 | 16535623 |
| a change in a single midgut receptor in the diamondback moth (plutella xylostella) is only in part responsible for field resistance to bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and b. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai. | a population (serd3) of the diamondback moth (plutella xylostella l.) with field-evolved resistance to bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1 (dipel) and b. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai (florbac) was collected. laboratory-based selection of two subpopulations of serd3 with b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (btk-sel) or b. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai (bta-sel) increased resistance to the selecting agent with little apparent cross-resistance. this result suggested the presence of independent ... | 1997 | 16535597 |
| determination of binding of bacillus thuringiensis (delta)-endotoxin receptors to rice stem borer midguts. | insecticidal activity and receptor binding properties of bacillus thuringiensis toxins to yellow and striped rice stem borers (sciropophaga incertulas and chilo suppresalis, respectively) were investigated. yellow stem borer (ysb) was susceptible to cry1aa, cry1ac, cry2a, and cry1c toxins with similar toxicities. to striped stem borer (ssb), cry1ac, cry2a, and cry1c were more toxic than cry1aa toxin. binding assays were performed with (sup125)i-labeled toxins (cry1aa, cry1ac, cry2a, and cry1c) a ... | 1997 | 16535573 |
| influence of exposure to single versus multiple toxins of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis on development of resistance in the mosquito culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | the impending widespread use of transgenic crop plants encoding a single insecticidal toxin protein of bacillus thuringiensis has focused attention on the perceived risk of rapid selection of resistance in target insects. we have used bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis toxins as a model system and determined the speed and magnitude of evolution of resistance in colonies of the mosquito culex quinquefasciatus during selection for 28 consecutive generations with single or multiple toxins. t ... | 1997 | 16535542 |
| binding of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxin to aminopeptidase in susceptible and resistant diamondback moths (plutella xylostella). | bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxin bound to a 120-kda protein isolated from the brush border membranes of both susceptible and resistant larvae of plutella xylostella, the diamondback moth. the 120-kda protein was purified by cry1ac toxin affinity chromatography. like cry1ac-binding aminopeptidase n (ec 3.4.11.2) from other insects, this protein was eluted from the affinity column with 200 mm n-acetylgalactosamine. the purified protein had aminopeptidase activity and bound cry1ac toxin on ligan ... | 1997 | 16535536 |
| interaction between calcium ions and bacillus thuringiensis toxin activity against sf9 cells (spodoptera frugiperda, lepidoptera). | the effects of calcium ions and modulators of calcium movement on bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protein toxicity were investigated with sf9 cells (spodoptera frugiperda, fall armyworm) by a new b. thuringiensis toxicity assay based on measurement of fluorescence of ethidium homodimer, a high-affinity dna stain. cryic toxicity was substantially stimulated by extracellular calcium in a dose-dependent way (in the millimolar range), while toxicity enhancement could not be replicated when calci ... | 1997 | 16535509 |
| bacillus thuringiensis hd-73 spores have surface-localized cry1ac toxin: physiological and pathogenic consequences. | spores from cry(sup+) strains of bacillus thuringiensis bound fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled antibodies specific for the 65-kda activated cry 1ac toxin, whereas spores from bacillus cereus and cry(sup-) strains of b. thuringiensis did not. the cry(sup+) spores could be activated for germination by alkaline conditions (ph 10.3), whereas cry(sup-) spores could not. once the surrounding exosporia had been removed or permeabilized, cry(sup+) spores were able to bind the toxin receptor(s) from in ... | 1996 | 16535421 |
| binding of bacillus thuringiensis cry1 toxins to the midgut brush border membrane vesicles of chilo suppressalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae): evidence of shared binding sites. | volume 62, no. 5, p. 1544, abstract, line 4: "cry1aa" should read "cry1ac." [this corrects the article on p. 1544 in vol. 62.]. | 1996 | 16535392 |
| binding of bacillus thuringiensis cry1 toxins to the midgut brush border membrane vesicles of chilo suppressalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae): evidence of shared binding sites. | binding and competition among cry1aa, cry1ac, and cry1ba toxins were analyzed quantitatively in vitro by using (sup125)i-labeled activated toxins and brush border membrane vesicles isolated from chilo suppressalis larval midguts. the three toxins bound specifically to the midgut brush border membrane vesicles. direct binding experiments showed that cry1aa and cry1ba recognized a single class of binding sites with different affinities, whereas cry1aa recognized two classes of binding sites, one w ... | 1996 | 16535306 |
| characterization of a novel strain of bacillus thuringiensis. | bacillus thuringiensis is a well-known species of entomopathogenic bacteria that is widely used as a biopesticide against many insect pests. insecticidal proteins, coded for by genes located in plasmids, form typical parasporal, crystalline inclusions during sporulation. in this report, an unusual strain of b. thuringiensis subserovar oyamensis (lbit-113), isolated from living larvae of anopheles pseudopunctipennis in mexico, was characterized by its ultrastructure, the protein composition of it ... | 1996 | 16535294 |
| toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis spore and crystal protein to resistant diamondback moth (plutella xylostella). | a colony of plutella xylostella from crucifer fields in florida was used in mortality bioassays with hd-1 spore, cryia(a), cryia(b), cryia(c), cryib, cryic, cryid, cryie, or cryiia. the data revealed high levels of field-evolved resistance to hd-1 spore and all cryia protoxins and no resistance to cryib, cryic, or cryid. cryie and cryiia were essentially not toxic. when hd-1 spore was combined 1:1 with protoxin and fed to susceptible larvae, spore synergized the activity of cryia and cryic 5- to ... | 1996 | 16535241 |
| isolation of multiple subspecies of bacillus thuringiensis from a population of the european sunflower moth, homoeosoma nebulella. | five subspecies of bacillus thuringiensis were isolated from dead and diseased larvae obtained from a laboratory colony of the european sunflower moth, homoeosoma nebulella. the subspecies isolated were b. thuringiensis subspp. thuringiensis (h 1a), kurstaki (h 3a3b3c), aizawai (h 7), morrisoni (h 8a8b), and thompsoni (h 12). most isolates produced typical bipyramidal crystals, but the b. thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis isolate produced spherical crystals and the b. thuringiensis subsp. thomp ... | 1995 | 16535187 |
| comparative analysis of the 16s to 23s ribosomal intergenic spacer sequences of bacillus thuringiensis strains and subspecies and of closely related species. | volume 61, no. 4, p. 1624, column 2, lines 38-41: the sentence should read "for example, at position 21, the g nucleotide (fig. 1) was present in all the isr b. thuringiensis subspecies except for b. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis (te4), which contained an a." page 1624, column 2, line 45: "position 62" should read "position 11." page 1624, column 2, line 47: "position 90" should read "position 39." page 1624, column 2, line 49: "position 83" should read "position 32." page 1625, column 1, lin ... | 1995 | 16535088 |
| binding of the cryivd toxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis to larval dipteran midgut proteins. | ligand-blotting experiments on dipteran brush border membrane vesicles (bbmvs) showed binding of cryivd toxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis to proteins of 148 kda in anopheles stephensi and of 78 kda in tipula oleracea, both species being susceptible to cryivd. binding of cryivd with bbmvs of a. stephensi resulted in a stronger signal than with bbmvs of t. oleracea. likewise, larvae of a. stephensi are 10,000-fold more susceptible to the cryivd toxin than are larvae of t. oleracea ... | 1995 | 16535074 |
| development of bacillus thuringiensis cryic resistance by spodoptera exigua (hubner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | selection of resistance in spodoptera exigua (hubner) to an hd-1 spore-crystal mixture, cryic (hd-133) inclusion bodies, and trypsinized toxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai and b. thuringiensis subsp. entomocidus was attempted by using laboratory bioassays. no resistance to the hd-1 spore-crystal mixture could be achieved after 20 generations of selection. significant levels of resistance (11-fold) to cryic inclusion bodies expressed in escherichia coli were observed after seven gen ... | 1995 | 16535038 |
| insecticidal activity of the toxins from bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki and tenebrionis adsorbed and bound on pure and soil clays. | the release of transgenic plants and microorganisms expressing truncated genes from various subspecies of bacillus thuringiensis that encode active insecticidal toxins rather than inactive protoxins could result in the accumulation of these active proteins in soil, especially when bound on clays and other soil particles. toxins from b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and b. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis, either free or adsorbed at equilibrium or bound on pure clay minerals (montmorillonite or k ... | 1995 | 16535020 |
| dot blot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for monitoring the fate of insecticidal toxins from bacillus thuringiensis in soil. | the release of transgenic plants and microorganisms expressing truncated genes from bacillus thuringiensis that code for active insecticidal toxins rather than for the inactive protoxins could result in the accumulation of these active proteins in soil, especially when bound on clay minerals and other soil particles. to monitor the fate of these toxins in soil, a dot blot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) that detects free and particle-bound toxins from b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki a ... | 1995 | 16534931 |
| activity of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins against codling moth (cydia pomonella l.) larvae. | solubilized protoxins of nine cry1 and one hybrid cry1 delta-endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis were tested for their activity against larvae of the codling moth (cydia pomonella l). cry1da was the most toxic, followed by cry1ab, cry1ba, and cry1ac, while cry1aa, cry1fa, cry1ia, and sn19 were still less active. cry1ca and cry1cb showed no activity. in vitro trypsin activation increased activity of all eight active delta-endotoxins, and dramatically enhanced toxicity of hybrid sn19, cry1aa, cr ... | 2006 | 16530218 |
| potato expressing beetle-specific bacillus thuringiensis cry3aa toxin reduces performance of a moth. | expression of the bacillus thuringiensis beetle-specific toxin cry3aa, which renders a genetically modified potato cultivar resistant to the colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata, exerts a deleterious effect on the polyphagous moth spodoptera littoralis. the caterpillars of s. littoralis feed less and produce smaller pupae on the genetically modified cultivar (newleaf superior) than on the parental nontransgenic cultivar (superior). the conversion efficiencies of total dry matter, com ... | 2006 | 16525866 |
| behavioural responses and changes in biology of rice leaffolder following treatment with a combination of bacterial toxins and botanical insecticides. | ingestion of the bacterial toxins bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) sub sp kurstaki, neem seed kernel extract and vitex negundo l. (lamiales:verbenaceae) leaf extract to the rice leaffolder (rlf), cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) (lepidoptera: pyralidae), resulted in altered leaf-folding behaviour and biology. in laboratory experiments, treatment with plant extracts and bacterial toxins suppressed leaf folding behaviour of c. medinalis. larvae fed lower doses moulted into progressive instars, b ... | 2006 | 16524618 |
| response of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) larvae to three xenobiotic exposures: larval tolerance and detoxifying enzyme activities. | the ability of mosquito larvae to tolerate toxic compounds (temephos, bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, toxic vegetable leaf litter) was examined on a laboratory larval strain of aedes aegypti l. bioassays and detoxifying enzyme activity measurements were performed to compare tolerance/resistance capacities. the possibility of a functional plasticity of detoxifying equipment was investigated through experimental determination of the inductive effect of each xenobiotic within a given gener ... | 2006 | 16519308 |
| the phytopathogen dickeya dadantii (erwinia chrysanthemi 3937) is a pathogen of the pea aphid. | dickeya dadantii (erwinia chrysanthemi) is a phytopathogenic bacterium causing soft rot diseases on many crops. the sequencing of its genome identified four genes encoding homologues of the cyt family of insecticidal toxins from bacillus thuringiensis, which are not present in the close relative pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. atrosepticum. the pathogenicity of d. dadantii was tested on the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum, and the bacterium was shown to be highly virulent for this insect, either ... | 2006 | 16517643 |
| transcriptional analysis of the toxin-coding plasmid pbtoxis from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis all of the insecticidal toxins are encoded on a single, large plasmid, pbtoxis. sequencing of this plasmid revealed 125 potential coding sequences, many of which have predicted functions in gene regulation and physiological processes, such as germination. as a first step in understanding the possible role of pbtoxis in its host bacterium, a survey of the transcription of genes with predicted functions was carried out. whereas many coding sequences, in ... | 2006 | 16517621 |
| conjugal transfer of a toxin-coding megaplasmid from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis to mosquitocidal strains of bacillus sphaericus. | both bacillus sphaericus and bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis produce mosquitocidal toxins during sporulation and are extensively used in the field for control of mosquito populations. all the known toxins of the latter organism are known to be encoded on a large plasmid, pbtoxis. in an attempt to combine the best properties of the two bacteria, an erythromycin resistance-marked pbtoxis plasmid was transferred to b. sphaericus by a mating technique. the resulting transconjugant bacteria ... | 2006 | 16517620 |
| efficient centrifugal recovery of bacillus thuringiensis biopesticides from fermented wastewater and wastewater sludge. | studies were conducted on harvesting of bacillus thuringiensis (bt)-based biopesticides from fermented broths of starch industry wastewater (siw), wastewater sludge (raw and hydrolyzed-nh and th, respectively) and semi-synthetic soyameal to enhance entomotoxicity (tx) by centrifugation. pertinent factors influencing tx, solids concentration, ph, temperature and centrifugal force were investigated. the centrifugate solids concentration beyond 100 g/l did not enhance tx, instead caused pellet form ... | 2006 | 16515801 |
| [potential effects of bt transgenic rice on soil micro-ecosystem]. | with the increasing commercial use of genetically modified crops (gmcs), it is quite important to assess their potential ecological risk. the likelihood of genes dispersal from gmcs to related wild species, the tolerance of insects to insect-resistant gmcs, and the potential impact of gmcs on biodiversity have been extensively investigated. this article reviewed the potential ecological risk assessment of transgenic bt rice-expressed products, including the persistence characteristics of bt inse ... | 2005 | 16515209 |
| cereulide synthetase gene cluster from emetic bacillus cereus: structure and location on a mega virulence plasmid related to bacillus anthracis toxin plasmid pxo1. | cereulide, a depsipeptide structurally related to valinomycin, is responsible for the emetic type of gastrointestinal disease caused by bacillus cereus. recently, it has been shown that this toxin is produced by a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps), but its exact genetic organization and biochemical synthesis is unknown. | 2006 | 16512902 |
| [expression of the bacterial gene cspd in tobacco plants increases their resistance to fungal and viral pathogens]. | low molecular (7.2 kd) cold shock protein d (cspd) from bacillus thuringiensis was isolated in our laboratory in the late 1990s it was shown that cspd induced nonspecific resistance in plants to viral and fungal phytopathogens. it was suggested to explore the opportunity to express the gene of this elicitor in tobacco plant and evaluate the resistance ofthe transgenic plants to various pathogens. several transgenic tobacco lines were obtained. enhanced resistance of the transgenic plants was con ... | 2006 | 16512609 |
| trial of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, a mosquito larvicide, against porcellionides pruinosus, a terrestrial isopod. | woodlice, porcellionides pruinosus, were not killed when exposed to granular bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. mortality was observed when woodlice received a topical application of the highest concentration of liquid bti, but not at lower concentrations, nor when exposed via contaminated food or contaminated substrates. | 2005 | 16506582 |
| toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis formulations, spinosad, and selected synthetic insecticides to chironomus tepperi larvae. | three bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) formulations, the bacterial metabolite spinosad, and 7 synthetic insecticides were bioassayed against 4th instars of chironomus tepperi, a serious pest of rice in southern australia. the bti formulations returned 48-h product median lethal concentration (lc50) values (25 < or = 1 degrees c) of between 0.59 mg/liter (vectobac water-dispersible granule [wdg], 3,000 international toxic units [itu]/mg) and 2.15 mg/liter (teknar suspension concentra ... | 2005 | 16506570 |
| occurrence and persistence of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) and transgenic bt corn cry1ab gene from an aquatic environment. | genetically modified corn crops and suspensions of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are currently used to control pest infestations of insects of the lepidoptera family. for this purpose, the cry1ab gene coding for protein delta-endotoxin derived from b. thuringiensis kurstaki (btk), which is highly toxic to these insects, was inserted and expressed in corn. the aims of this study were to examine the occurrence and persistence of the cry1ab gene from btk and bt corn in aquatic environments near field ... | 2007 | 16499967 |
| [co-expression of crystal protein gene cry26aa and cry28aa has an ability to form parasporal crystal inside exosporium in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. finitimus]. | parasporal crystal in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. finitimus t02 forms within the exosporium and remains attached to the spore after mother cell lysis, which leads to spore-crystal connection. according to the crystal protein gene sequence in b. thuringiensis subsp. finitimus, cry26 and cry28 were cloned from strain t02 by pcr amplification and transformed into the crystal negative bacillus thuringiensis strain bmb171 by shuttle vectors, alone or in combination together. crystal can be observed ... | 2005 | 16496711 |
| [cloning and functional analysis of the stable plasmid pbmb175 in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis strains ybt-1765]. | a 15.2 kb plasmid pbmb175 from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis strains ybt-1765 was cloned and the restriction map was constructed. the mini-replicating region of pbmb175 was located in a 1151 bp fragment by functional analysis. the sequence of a 4152 bp fragment which contained the mini-replicating region was analyzed and results showed that the fragment had three potential open reading frames (orf1, orf2 and orf3). sequence comparison and homology search revealed that orf1 (767aa) ha ... | 2005 | 16496686 |
| development and validation of a sensitive and fast chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay for the detection of genetically modified maize. | proteins from the cry 1 family, in particular cry 1ab, are commonly expressed in genetically modified bt maize in order to control chewing insect pests. a sensitive chemiluminescent sandwich enzyme immunoassay for the detection of cry1ab protein from genetically modified bt maize has been developed and validated. a cry1ab protein-specific antibody was immobilized on 96- or 384-well microtiter plates in order to capture the cry1ab toxin in the sample; the bound toxin was then detected by employin ... | 2006 | 16491341 |
| toxin-binding proteins from midgut epithelium membranes of anopheles stephensi larvae. | proteins of 65 and 57 kd were isolated from the apical membranes of midgut epithelium of anopheles stephensi larvae by affinity chromatography. these proteins can specifically bind endotoxin cry11a and activate toxin cry4b (cry4b-tox) under conditions of ligand blotting, and both cry proteins compete for this binding. at least in the case of cry4b-tox, the binding with 65 and 57 kd proteins is reversible. the ability of the products of limited proteolysis of cry11a and cry4b to bind the 65 and 5 ... | 2006 | 16489916 |
| discovery and characterization of sip1a: a novel secreted protein from bacillus thuringiensis with activity against coleopteran larvae. | bioassay screening of bacillus thuringiensis culture supernatants identified strain eg2158 as having larvicidal activity against colorado potato beetle (leptinotarsa decemlineata) larvae. ion-exchange fractionation of the eg2158 culture supernatant resulted in the identification of a protein designated sip1a (secreted insecticidal protein) of approximately 38 kda having activity against colorado potato beetle (cpb). an oligonucleotide probe based on the n-terminal sequence of the purified sip1a ... | 2006 | 16489451 |
| a novel bacteriocin, thuricin 17, produced by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria strain bacillus thuringiensis neb17: isolation and classification. | the aim of this study was to identify and characterize a compound produced by the plant growth promoting bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis non-bradyrhizobium endophytic bacterium 17. | 2006 | 16478494 |
| fiber-optic microsphere-based arrays for multiplexed biological warfare agent detection. | we report a multiplexed high-density dna array capable of rapid, sensitive, and reliable identification of potential biological warfare agents. an optical fiber bundle containing 6000 individual 3.1-mum-diameter fibers was chemically etched to yield microwells and used as the substrate for the array. eighteen different 50-mer single-stranded dna probes were covalently attached to 3.1-mum microspheres. probe sequences were designed for bacillus anthracis, yersinia pestis, francisella tularensis, ... | 2006 | 16478092 |
| a quantitative assay for linking microbial community function and structure of a naphthalene-degrading microbial consortium. | a comprehensive culture-independent assay, called q-fast, was developed for concurrent identification and quantification of active microorganisms involved a specific function in a given microbial community. the development of q-fast was achieved by integrating the concept of stable isotope probing technique into a new quantitative fingerprinting assay called real-time-t-rflp for microbial community structure analysis. the q-fast was successfully validated by using a three-member artificial micro ... | 2005 | 16475342 |
| six years after the commercial introduction of bt maize in spain: field evaluation, impact and future prospects. | we carried out a 6-year-field evaluation to assess potential hazards of growing compa, a transgenic bt maize variety based on the transformation event cg 00256-176. two categories of hazards were investigated: the potential of the target corn borer sesamia nonagrioides to evolve resistance to bt maize and effects on non-target organisms. in order to address the first hazard, dispersal capacity of the corn borer was measured and our results indicated that larvae move to plants other than those on ... | 2006 | 16475005 |
| sequence variation in trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like cdnas from the midgut of ostrinia nubilalis: methods for allelic differentiation of candidate bacillus thuringiensis resistance genes. | midgut expressed alkaline serine proteases of lepidoptera function in conversion of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) protoxin to active toxin, and reduced level of transcript t23 is associated with ostrinia nubilalis resistance to dipel bt formulations. three groups of trypsin- (ont25, ont23, and ont3) and two chymotrypsin-like (onc1 and onc2) cdnas were isolated from o. nubilalis midgut tissue. intraspecific groupings are based on cdna similarity and peptide phylogeny. derived serine proteases showe ... | 2006 | 16469064 |
| unusual envelopes associated with parasporal inclusions of a mosquitocidal bacillus thuringiensis serovar fukuokaensis isolate. | a mosquitocidal soil isolate of bacillus thuringiensis serovar fukuokaensis (h3ade) produced spherical parasporal inclusions measuring 0.6-0.7 microm in diameter. inclusion matrix was homogeneous substance surrounded by a thick, highly electron-dense envelope 30-50 nm in thickness. the envelopes were associated with both intracellular and extracellular inclusions. densely woven network was the inner structure of the envelope. often, inclusions had round-shaped, enveloped small protrusions on the ... | 2006 | 16463320 |
| lack of detrimental effects of bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins on the insect predator chrysoperla carnea: a toxicological, histopathological, and biochemical analysis. | the effect of cry proteins of bacillus thuringiensis on the green lacewing (chrysoperla carnea) was studied by using a holistic approach which consisted of independent, complementary experimental strategies. tritrophic experiments were performed, in which lacewing larvae were fed helicoverpa armigera larvae reared on cry1ac, cry1ab, or cry2ab toxins. in complementary experiments, a predetermined amount of purified cry1ac was directly fed to lacewing larvae. in both experiments no effects on prey ... | 2006 | 16461715 |
| multiple-locus sequence typing analysis of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis reveals separate clustering and a distinct population structure of psychrotrophic strains. | we used multilocus sequence typing (mlst) to characterize phylogenetic relationships for a collection of bacillus cereus group strains isolated from forest soil in the paris area during a mild winter. this collection contains multiple strains isolated from the same soil sample and strains isolated from samples from different sites. we characterized 115 strains of this collection and 19 other strains based on the sequences of the clpc, dinb, gdpd, panc, purf, and yhfl loci. the number of alleles ... | 2006 | 16461712 |
| strategy for identification of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis strains closely related to bacillus anthracis. | bacillus cereus strains that are genetically closely related to b. anthracis can display anthrax-like virulence traits (a. r. hoffmaster et al., proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 101:8449-8454, 2004). hence, approaches that rapidly identify these "near neighbors" are of great interest for the study of b. anthracis virulence mechanisms, as well as to prevent the use of such strains for b. anthracis-based bioweapon development. here, a strategy is proposed for the identification of near neighbors of b. a ... | 2006 | 16461679 |
| [development of transgenic oilseed plants resistant to glyphosate and insects]. | in this study, the aroa-m12 gene encoding bacterial 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (epsps) and the btslm recombinant gene encoding bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin gene were introduced into a brassica napus variety, xiangyou no. 15, via agrobacterium-mediated transformation using glyphosate as a selectable agent. pcr amplification and southern blot analyses of t0 transgenic plants showed that the alien genes were transferred and integrated stably into the genome of xiangyou no. 15. ... | 2005 | 16459658 |
| cry1ab protein from bt transgenic rice does not residue in rhizosphere soil. | expression of cry1ab protein in bt transgenic rice (kmd) and its residue in the rhizosphere soil during the whole growth in field, as well as degradation of the protein from kmd straw in five soils under laboratory incubation were studied. the residue of cry1ab protein in kmd rhizosphere soil was undetectable (below the limit of 0.5 ng/g air-dried soil). the cry1ab protein contents in the shoot and root of kmd were 3.23-8.22 and 0.68-0.89 microg/g (fresh weight), respectively. the half-lives of ... | 2006 | 16459002 |
| a novel 96-kda aminopeptidase localized on epithelial cell membranes of bombyx mori midgut, which binds to cry1ac toxin of bacillus thuringiensis. | proteins in the brush border membrane (bbm) of the midgut binding to the insecticidal cry1ac toxin from bacillus thuringiensis were investigated to examine the lower sensitivity of bombyx mori to cry1ac, and new aminopeptidase n that bound to cry1ac was discovered. deae chromatography of triton x-100-soluble bbm proteins from the midgut revealed 96-kda aminopeptidase that bound to cry1ac. the enzyme was purified to homogeneity and estimated to be a 96.4-kda molecule on a silver-stained sds-page ... | 2006 | 16452310 |
| assessment of populus wood chemistry following the introduction of a bt toxin gene. | unintended changes in plant physiology, anatomy and metabolism as a result of genetic engineering are a concern as more transgenic plants are commercially deployed in the ecosystem. we compared the cell wall chemical composition of three populus lines (populus trichocarpa torr. & a. gray x populus trichocarpa bartr. ex marsh., populus trichocarpa x populus nigra l. and populus deltoides x populus nigra) genetically modified to express the cry3a or cry3b2 protein of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) wi ... | 2006 | 16452069 |
| fate of the cry1ab protein from bt-maize mon810 silage in biogas production facilities. | biogas plants fuelled with renewable sources of energy are a sustainable means for power generation. in areas with high infestation levels with the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hbn.), it is likely that transgenic bt-maize will be fed into agricultural biogas plants. the fate of the entomotoxic protein cry1ab from mon810 maize was therefore investigated in silage and biogas production-related materials in the utilization chains of two farm-scale biogas plants. the cry1ab content in si ... | 2006 | 16448198 |
| purification and characterization of a chimeric cry1f delta-endotoxin expressed in transgenic cotton plants. | cotton plants were genetically modified through the introduction of a synthetic gene that encodes a bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protoxin referred to as cry1f(synpro). this protoxin is a chimeric, full-length delta-endotoxin of 130 kda, comprised of the core toxin of cry1fa2 protein and parts of the nontoxic portions of cry1ca3 and cry1ab1 proteins, all of which originated from bacillus thuringiensis. the cry1f(synpro) expressed in cotton plants confers resistance to lepidopteran pests. t ... | 2006 | 16448190 |
| vegetative insecticidal protein enhancing the toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis subsp kurstaki against spodoptera exigua. | the objective of this work was to enhance the insecticidal activity or widen the pesticidal spectrum of a commercial bacillus thuringiensis strain ybt1520. | 2006 | 16441373 |
| redesigning bacillus thuringiensis cry1aa toxin into a mosquito toxin. | the bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein cry1aa is normally selectively active to caterpillar larvae. through rational design, toxicity (microg/ml) to the mosquito culex pipiens was introduced by selected deletions and substitutions of the loop residues of domain ii. toxicity to its natural target manduca sexta was concomitantly abolished. the successful grafting of the alternate mosquito toxicity onto the original lepidopteran cry1aa toxin demonstrates the possibility of designing and enginee ... | 2006 | 16436453 |
| proteomic analysis of the bacteriocin thuricin 17 produced by bacillus thuringiensis neb17. | thuricin 17 is a recently discovered bacteriocin produced by bacillus thuringiensis neb17. the objective of this work was to conduct a proteomic analysis of this bacteriocin. the partial n- and c-terminal amino-acid sequences of thuricin 17 have now been determined using the edman degradation and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-quadrapole time of flight mass spectrometry (ms)/ms. a hydrophobic cluster analysis indicates that thuricin 17 contains a hydrophobic region, potentially corr ... | 2006 | 16436058 |
| typical three-domain cry proteins of bacillus thuringiensis strain a1462 exhibit cytocidal activity on limited human cancer cells. | bacillus thuringiensis strain a1462 produced two parasporal inclusion proteins with a molecular mass of 88 kda that were converted to 64-kda toxins when activated by proteinase k digestion. both toxins exhibited strong cytocidal activity against two human cancer cell lines, hl60 (myeloid leukemia cells) and hepg2 (liver cancer cells), while low or no toxicities were observed against 11 human and three mammalian cell lines, including four non-cancer cell lines. the cytotoxicity of both toxins on ... | 2005 | 16428294 |
| bacillus thuringiensis protein production, signal transduction, and insect control in chemically inducible pr-1a/cry1ab broccoli plants. | in an effort to develop a chemically inducible system for insect management, we studied production of cry1ab bacillus thuringiensis (bt) protein and control of the diamondback moth (dbm), plutella xylostella l., in inducer-treated and untreated tissues of a broccoli line transformed with a pr-1a/cry1ab expression cassette. spraying leaves of these plants with the inducer acibenzolar-s-methyl (= 1,2,3 benzothiadiazole-7-thiocarboxylic acid-s-methyl-ester) (asm) triggered expression of the cry1ab ... | 2006 | 16418860 |
| [study on identification, colonization and reorganization of rice endophytic bacteria]. | endophytic sr-15, sr-25 and sl-37 strains screened from rice hybrid d you 527 in sichuan were analyzed. through penetration and microscopic test, the strains were found be mainly located in the cell gap, vacuole and cytoplasm. puc18 transferring and eric-pcr showed that the recombination strain sr-15 could grow in the plant stably. the strain was identified as bacillus halmapalus based on its chemical components of cell wall, physiological and biochemical characters. it was also shown that the s ... | 2005 | 16416963 |
| evidence of oral toxicity of photorhabdus temperata strain k122 against prays oleae and its improvement by heterologous expression of bacillus thuringiensis cry1aa and cry1ia genes. | photorhabdus temperata strain k122 exhibited oral toxicity against prays oleae with an lc50 of 58.1 x 10(6) cells ml(-1). recombinant p. temperata strains expressing the cry1aa and/or cry1ia genes of bacillus thuringiensis have been constructed. the two cry genes, encoding delta-endotoxins, were placed under the control of the lac promoter and iptg dependent expression in p. temperata was demonstrated. the presence of the cry genes in k122 resulted in a clear improvement of oral toxicity. this i ... | 2006 | 16413572 |
| a new black fly isolate of bacillus thuringiensis autoagglutinating strain highly toxic to simulium pertinax (kollar) (diptera, simuliidae) larvae. | formulations containing the entomopathogenic bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis strain ips-82 has been widely applied for mosquito control around the world. strain ips-82 is highly active against aedes aegypti but less active against other well-known vectors such as culex quinquefasciatus and simulium spp. larvae. eighteen strains of b. thuringiensis were isolated from simulium pertinax larvae naturally occurring in rivers of southeast brazil with one demonstrating special toxic effects. ... | 2006 | 16410971 |
| regeneration of sugarcane elite breeding lines and engineering of stem borer resistance. | five elite sugarcane breeding lines were tested for efficiency in embryogenesis and plant regeneration. all of them produced regenerative embryogenic calli but with varied efficiencies. to engineer strongly insect-resistant sugarcanes, the gc content of a truncated cry1ac gene, which encodes the active region of cry1ac insecticidal delta-endotoxin, was increased from the original 37.4 to 47.5% following the sugarcane codon usage pattern. the synthetic cry1ac gene (s-cry1ac) was placed under the ... | 2006 | 16408322 |
| effect of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and neonicotinoid insecticides on the fungus gnat bradysia sp nr. coprophila (lintner) (diptera: sciaridae). | the soil bacterium bacillus thuringiensis berliner subsp. israelensis (bti), the neonicotinoid insecticides dinotefuran, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and clothianidin and the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen were evaluated to determine their efficacy against the larval stages of the fungus gnat bradysia sp nr. coprophila (lintner) in the laboratory. treatments were applied as a drench to the growing medium in polypropylene deli containers. the bti treatments had no effect on either instar test ... | 2006 | 16408320 |
| lack of cross-reactivity between the bacillus thuringiensis derived protein cry1f in maize grain and dust mite der p7 protein with human sera positive for der p7-ige. | cry1f protein, derived from bacillus thuringiensis, is effective at controlling lepidopteran pests and a synthetic cry1f transgene was transferred into maize. for the safety assessment of genetically modified food crops, the allergenic potential of the introduced novel trait(s) is evaluated. because no single parameter is currently predictive of allergic potential, a 'weight of evidence' approach has been proposed. as part of this assessment, the amino acid (aa) sequence of the cry1f protein was ... | 2006 | 16406630 |
| a novel index for analysing the response of a microbial culture to changes in the environmental variables during cultivation. | to analyse the sensitivity of a microbial culture to variations in the cultivation conditions by using the motile intensity of the cells. | 2006 | 16405701 |
| mass spectrometric sequencing of endotoxin proteins of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. konkukian extracted from polyacrylamide gels. | the amino acid sequences of the crystal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. konkukian strain hl-47 are unknown. we used 1-d denaturing polyacrylamide electrophoresis, nano-esi-q-tof-ms, and protein database searching to analyze these proteins. on sds-page gels, a preparation of purified crystal proteins exhibited 110, 102, 76, 55, 37, and 30 kda protein bands. immunoblotting of the gel with antiserum raised to this preparation revealed that four crystal proteins, of 110, 102, 55, and 37 kda, ... | 2006 | 16404726 |
| transgenic crops expressing bacillus thuringiensis toxins and biological control. | the area devoted to growing transgenic plants expressing insecticidal cry proteins derived from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is increasing worldwide. a major concern with the adoption of bt crops is their potential impact on nontarget organisms including biological control organisms. regulatory frameworks should advocate a step-wise (tiered) approach to assess possible nontarget effects of bt crops. laboratory and glasshouse studies have revealed effects on natural enemies only when bt-susceptibl ... | 2006 | 16404399 |
| field evidence for the exposure of ground beetles to cry1ab from transgenic corn. | non-target organisms associated with the soil might be adversely affected by exposure to the crylab protein from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) in transgenic corn (zea mays l.). to check for such exposure, we used elisa to test for cry1ab in ground beetles collected live from fields with bt corn residues and bt corn (bt/bt), bt corn residues and non-bt crops (bt/non-bt), or non-bt corn residues and non-bt crops (non-bt/non-bt). in fields with bt corn residues (bt/bt and bt/non-bt), cry1ab was prese ... | 2005 | 16402666 |
| nontoxic crystal protein from bacillus thuringiensis demonstrates a remarkable structural similarity to beta-pore-forming toxins. | 2006 | 16400649 | |
| detection and identification of cry1i genes in bacillus thuringiensis using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. | a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) method for detection and identification of cry1i genes from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) was established. based on the analysis of conserved regions of the cry1i genes, 2 oligonucleotide primers were designed to amplify a 665-bp fragment of the genes. the amplification products were digested with restriction endonuclease hinfi or with rsai in addition for specific detection of different variants from the known subclas ... | 2006 | 16392002 |
| role of tryptophan residues in toxicity of cry1ab toxin from bacillus thuringiensis. | bacillus thuringiensis produces insecticidal proteins (cry protoxins) during the sporulation phase as parasporal crystals. during intoxication, the cry protoxins must change from insoluble crystals into membrane-inserted toxins which form ionic pores. the structural changes of cry toxins during oligomerization and insertion into the membrane are still unknown. the cry1ab toxin has nine tryptophan residues; seven are located in domain i, the pore-forming domain, and two are located in domain ii, ... | 2006 | 16391132 |
| protease inhibitors fail to prevent pore formation by the activated bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1aa in insect brush border membrane vesicles. | to investigate whether membrane proteases are involved in the activity of bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal toxins, the rate of pore formation by trypsin-activated cry1aa was monitored in the presence of a variety of protease inhibitors with manduca sexta midgut brush border membrane vesicles and by a light-scattering assay. most of the inhibitors tested had no effect on the pore-forming ability of the toxin. however, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, a serine protease inhibitor, promoted pore fo ... | 2006 | 16391085 |
| use of bacillus thuringiensis toxins for control of the cotton pest earias insulana (boisd.) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | thirteen of the most common lepidopteran-specific cry proteins of bacillus thuringiensis have been tested for their efficacy against newly hatched larvae of two populations of the spiny bollworm, earias insulana. at a concentration of 100 microg of toxin per milliliter of artificial diet, six cry toxins (cry1ca, cry1ea, cry1fa, cry1ja, cry2aa, and cry2ab) were not toxic at all. cry1aa, cry1ja, and cry2aa did not cause mortality but caused significant inhibition of growth. the other cry toxins (c ... | 2006 | 16391075 |
| a bacillus thuringiensis s-layer protein involved in toxicity against epilachna varivestis (coleoptera: coccinellidae). | the use of bacillus thuringiensis as a biopesticide is a viable alternative for insect control since the insecticidal cry proteins produced by these bacteria are highly specific; harmless to humans, vertebrates, and plants; and completely biodegradable. in addition to cry proteins, b. thuringiensis produces a number of extracellular compounds, including s-layer proteins (slp), that contribute to virulence. the s layer is an ordered structure representing a proteinaceous paracrystalline array whi ... | 2006 | 16391064 |
| influence of cry1ac toxin on mineralization and bioavailability of glyphosate in soil. | the impact of transgenic plants containing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin on soil processes has received recent attention. in these studies, we examined the influence of the lepidopterean bt cry1ac toxin on mineralization and bioavailability of the herbicide glyphosate in two different soils. the addition of 0.25-1.0 microg g(-1) soil of purified cry1ac toxin did not significantly affect glyphosate mineralization and sorption in either a sandy loam or a sandy soil. in contrast, extractable gl ... | 2006 | 16390194 |
| vegetative insecticidal protein (vip1ac) of bacillus thuringiensis hd201: evidence for oligomer and channel formation. | the binding component (vip1ac) of the adp-ribosylating vegetative insecticidal protein (vip) of bacillus thuringiensis hd201 was isolated from the supernatant of cell cultures. vip1ac protein solubilized at room temperature ran as oligomers on sds-page. these oligomers were not resistant to heating. mass spectroscopic analysis of this high molecular mass band identified it as vip1ac. the protein formed in artificial lipid bilayer membranes channels with two conductance states of about 350 and 70 ... | 2006 | 16388604 |
| the role of a conserved histidine-tyrosine interhelical interaction in the ion channel domain of delta-endotoxins from bacillus thuringiensis. | the delta-endotoxin proteins are produced by bacillus thuringiensis during the sporulation phase of its life cycle. these proteins exhibit insecticidal activity through receptor-mediated ion channel formation. the mode of action of these proteins requires the conversion of the protein from a water-soluble conformation to a membrane-inserted conformation. while there is x-ray structure information for the soluble protein, no detailed structure exists for the membrane-inserted protein. however, ba ... | 2006 | 16385471 |
| bacteria isolated from the different developmental stages and larval organs of the obligate parasitic fly, wohlfahrtia magnifica (diptera: sarcophagidae). | wohlfahrtia magnifica (diptera: sarcophagidae) is the major myiasis-causing fly species in the whole of eurasia for most important domestic animals. the aim of the present work was to obtain data on the culturable bacteria isolated under aerobic conditions from this fly: bacteria were isolated from all developmental stages (larvae, pupa, and imago) of wohlfahrtia magnifica, and the third-stage larval organs were also sampled. to determine the possible antagonistic effects between the dominant ba ... | 2006 | 16382282 |
| atomic force microscopy of bacillus spore surface morphology. | bacillus spore surface morphology was imaged with atomic force microscopy (afm) to determine if characteristic surface features could be used to distinguish between four closely related species; bacillus anthracis sterne strain, bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, bacillus cereus strain 569, and bacillus globigii var. niger. afm surface height images showed an irregular topography across the curved upper surface of the spores. phase images showed a superficial grain structure with different le ... | 2006 | 16376084 |
| improved elisa method for screening human antigen-specific ige and its application for monitoring specific ige for novel proteins in genetically modified foods. | for monitoring the occurrence of ige antibody specific for novel proteins in genetically modified (gm) foods, elisa is the most convenient method. the levels of ige specific for recombinant proteins, phosphinothricin-n-acetyltransferase (pat), cp4-epsps, and cry9c were determined by elisa using the sera from patients allergic to known allergens. ovalbumin (ova) and ova-positive patient sera were used as positive control. in the elisa, 20-fold-diluted sera tested were mostly negative for the spec ... | 2006 | 16364525 |
| in situ studies on the time-dependent degradation of recombinant corn dna and protein in the bovine rumen. | an in situ technique was adopted to investigate the time-dependent ruminal degradation of chloroplast compared with recombinant dna of bt176 corn using conventional and quantitative pcr assays. in parallel, the cry1ab protein content and fragment sizes were determined by elisa and immunoblotting techniques. triplicate nylon bags filled with 5 g of each substrate (whole-plant isogenic, whole-plant transgenic, ensiled isogenic, and ensiled transgenic corn) were positioned within the rumen of 5 rum ... | 2006 | 16361500 |
| mucosal and systemic adjuvant effects of cholera toxin and cry1ac protoxin on the specific antibody response to hiv-1 c4/v3 peptides are different and depend on the antigen co-administered. | evidence from several sources support the assertion that cholera toxin (ct) is a potent immunogen and mucosal adjuvant; however there are also reports showing its lack of adjuvanticity against some antigens. cry1ac protoxin also exerts adjuvant effects in the antibody responses to proteins and polysaccharides but its adjuvanticity with regard to peptide vaccines had not been tested. to probe whether the adjuvant effects of these proteins varied depending on the antigen co-administered, we evalua ... | 2005 | 16359236 |
| asn183 in alpha5 is essential for oligomerisation and toxicity of the bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba toxin. | the proposed toxicity mechanism of the bacillus thuringiensis cry insecticidal proteins involves membrane penetration and lytic pore formation of the alpha4-alpha5 hairpins in the target larval midgut cell membranes. in this study, alanine substitutions of selected polar residues (tyr(178), gln(180), asn(183), asn(185), and asn(195)) in the hydrophobic helix-alpha5 of the cry4ba mosquito-larvicidal protein were initially conducted via pcr-based directed mutagenesis. upon iptg induction, all the ... | 2006 | 16356469 |
| changes in permeability of brush border membrane vesicles from spodoptera littoralis midgut induced by insecticidal crystal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis. | bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins (icps) are thought to induce pore formation in midgut cell membranes of susceptible insects. cry1ca, which is significantly active in spodoptera littoralis, made brush border membrane vesicles permeable to kcl (osmotic swelling was monitored by the light scattering technique); the marginally active icps cry1aa, cry1ab, and cry1ac did not. | 1998 | 16349555 |
| synergism between bacillus thuringiensis spores and toxins against resistant and susceptible diamondback moths (plutella xylostella). | we studied the effects of combinations of bacillus thuringiensis spores and toxins on the mortality of diamondback moth (plutella xylostella) larvae in leaf residue bioassays. spores of b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki increased the toxicity of crystals of b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki to both resistant and susceptible larvae. for b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, resistance ratios were 1,200 for a spore-crystal mixture and 56,000 for crystals without spores. treatment of a spore-crystal form ... | 1998 | 16349543 |
| cross-resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cryif in the diamondback moth (plutella xylostella). | selection with bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, which contains cryia and cryii toxins, caused a >200-fold cross-resistance to cryif toxin from b. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai in the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella. cryie was not toxic, but cryib was highly toxic to both selected and unselected larvae. the results show that extremely high levels of cross-resistance can be conferred across classes of cryi toxins of b. thuringiensis. | 1994 | 16349471 |
| comparison of disulfide contents and solubility at alkaline ph of insecticidal and noninsecticidal bacillus thuringiensis protein crystals. | we compared two insecticidal and eight noninsecticidal soil isolates of bacillus thuringiensis with regard to the solubility of their proteinaceous crystals at alkaline ph values. the protein disulfide contents of the insecticidal and noninsecticidal crystals were equivalent. however, six of the noninsecticidal crystals were soluble only at ph values of >/=12. this lack of solubility contributed to their lack of toxicity. one crystal type which was soluble only at ph >/=12 (strain shp 1-12) did ... | 1994 | 16349421 |
| binding of insecticidal crystal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis to the midgut brush border of the cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), and selection for resistance to one of the crystal proteins. | the susceptibility of trichoplusia ni larvae to several bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins (icps) was tested. neonatal larvae proved to be susceptible to solubilized trypsin-treated cryia(a), cryia(b), and cryia(c) (50% lethal concentrations [lc(50)s], 570, 480, and 320 ng/cm, respectively) but showed little susceptibility to cryib and cryid (lc(50)s, 5,640 and 2,530 ng/cm, respectively). the toxicity of icps was correlated to binding to the epithelial brush border of the midgu ... | 1994 | 16349420 |
| removal of adsorbed toxin fragments that modify bacillus thuringiensis cryic delta-endotoxin iodination and binding by sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment and renaturation. | we report that 10- and 25-kda toxin fragments adhere to cryic prepared from bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystals, block iodination, and alter membrane binding. there is no apparent affect on cryic toxicity against spodoptera exigua. associated peptides remained bound to cryic in the presence of 50 mm dithiothreitol or 6 m urea. a novel detergent-renaturation procedure was developed for the purification of b. thuringiensis cryic toxin. sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) treatment followed by ge ... | 1994 | 16349357 |