Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| [parent and recombinant influenza virus a strains differing in the degree of remantadine sensitivity]. | the pattern of inheritance in recombination of various degrees of sensitivity of influenza viruses to remantadine was studied and the genes responsible for the manifestation of this character with regard to the degree of the strain sensitivity to the inhibitor were determined. the results suggest that resistance to 10 microgram/ml remantadine in most cases was determined by the inheritance of the gene coding for the membrane protein, whereas the sensitivity to 10 microgram/ml remantadine most fr ... | 1982 | 7090347 |
| [characteristics of the degree and spectrum of antiviral activity of 2-(1'-aminoethyl)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane hydrochloride]. | a high activity of a bicycloheptane derivative against influenza viruses, poor activity against venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis and parainfluenza type 3 viruses, and the lack of activity against herpes simplex, vaccinia, echo 6, adenovirus type 3 replicating in tissue cultures were demonstrated. the efficacy of the drug in orthomyxovirus infection of tissue culture includes the viruses with the antigenic formula a (h3n2) and a (h1n1), is poor with the a/pr8/34 (h0n1) virus, and lacking with ... | 1982 | 7090343 |
| [course of influenza in cyclophosphane suppression of cellular and humeral immunity]. | under conditions of immunosuppression of b- and t-cell functions with cyclophosphane, experimental influenza in mice infected with a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) runs early in the infection a much milder course than in mice given no such treatment. the mortality among immunosuppressed mice was 5 times as low as in the controls; the virus could be isolated from the lung tissue earlier and in higher titres; cyclophosphane inhibited the synthesis of antibodies and nonspecific thermolabile and thermostable tis ... | 1982 | 7090340 |
| [level of antibodies to influenza viruses a and b in the blood sera of children under 13]. | the level of antibodies to influenza a (h1n1), a (h2n2), a (h3n2), and b viruses in the blood sera collected in october and november, 1980, from 224 children under 13 resident in moscow and its suburbs was studied the results of the study showed convincingly the influenza a (h2n2) viruses did not circulate at that time among the population of moscow and its suburbs. the 4 positive (not exceeding 1 : 40 findings in sera from younger children were due to the presence in them of the antibodies cros ... | 1982 | 7090338 |
| estimating household and community transmission parameters for influenza. | a maximum likelihood procedure is given for estimating household and community transmission parameters from observed influenza infection data. the estimator for the household transmission probability is an improvement over the classical secondary attack rate calculations because it factors out community-acquired infections from true secondary infections. the mathematical model used does not require the specification of infection onset times and, therefore, can be used with serologic data which d ... | 1982 | 7081204 |
| sequence of the influenza a/udorn/72 (h3n2) virus neuraminidase gene as determined from cloned full-length dna. | 1982 | 7080447 | |
| occurrence of temperature-sensitive influenza a viruses in nature. | the origin and characteristics of the first naturally occurring temperature-sensitive (ts) strain of influenza a virus identified in 1973, xia-ts, are described. natural ts strains were found to occur in the early egg passage material of all influenza a subtypes examined, but the proportion of ts virus varied from 8.3% for old h1n1 virus (1949 to 1957) to 82.4% for recent h3n2 virus (1979 to 1980). a number of strains were found to be composed of a mixture of ts and wild-type (ts+) particles. si ... | 1982 | 7077746 |
| prevalence of hemagglutination inhibition antibody to current strains of the h3n2 and h1n1 subtypes of influenza a virus in sera collected from the elderly in 1976. | sera were collected in 1976 from 182 individuals born between 1876-1935, who included patients in a large local nursing home in orange county, california, and patients and staff at the university of california, irvine medical center. sera were treated with receptor-destroying enzyme and assayed for hemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibody to recent strains of influenza a virus. the antigens tested were: a/victoria/3/76 and a/texas/1/77 for subtype h3n2; a/new jersey/8/76, a/x53 and a/swine/1976 ... | 1982 | 7072705 |
| analysis of specific interactions influenza virus and cells of different sensitivity. note 2. characteristics of influenza virus-host cell interaction in persistent infection. | molecular hybridization was used for the demonstration of virus-specific rna synthesis in the latent phase of influenza virus replication in the sensitive mdck cell cultures and for its investigation in the persistent system represented by nonpermissive ao cells and influenza a/victoria 35/72 (h3n2). | 1982 | 7072150 |
| clinical reactions and serologic responses after vaccination with whole-virus or split-virus influenza vaccines in children aged 6 to 36 months. | the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of whole-virus and split-product influenza vaccines were studied in 77 children between the ages of 6 and 36 months. subjects initially received monovalent vaccine containing either a/ussr/77 (h1n1) antigen in 1978 or a/brazil/78 (h1n1) antigen in 1979. one month later a trivalent preparation was given which contained the respective h1n1 antigen plus a/texas/77 (h3n2) and b/hong kong/72 antigens. temperatures of greater than or equal to 37.8 c (greater than ... | 1982 | 7070886 |
| elevation of nasal viral levels by suppression of fever in ferrets infected with influenza viruses of differing virulence. | the effect of suppression of fever on viral levels in nasal washes of ferrets infected with either of two clones (7a, virulent; 64d, attenuated) of the recombinant influenza virus a/puerto rico/8/34-a/england/939/69 (h3n2) was studied. the febrile response was reduced by shaving the ferrets or by treating them with sodium salicylate, which had no noticeable effect on the inflammatory response. for both clones, significantly more virus was shed in the nasal washes of ferrets whose febrile respons ... | 1982 | 7069233 |
| studies on neuraminidase from influenza virus a(h3n2) obtained by two procedures. | 1. neuraminidase was obtained by (a) bromelain solubilization or (b) by treatment with n-lauroylsarcosine. 2. 5-n-acetyl-2-o-(3-methoxyphenyl)-alpha-d-neuraminic acid, employed as substrate, avoids the interference produced by the thiobarbituric acid method, and is not interfered by the ampholytes. 3. only about 20% of original enzyme activity was lost after electrofocusing. the sample from procedure a showed two peaks, corresponding to pis 4.4 and 5.6. the sample from procedure b, having a high ... | 1982 | 7067910 |
| temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza a/udorn/72 (h3n2) virus. ii. genetic analysis and demonstration of intrasegmental complementation. | 1982 | 7064354 | |
| temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza a/udorn/72 (h3n2) virus. i. isolation of temperature-sensitive mutants some of which exhibit host-dependent temperature sensitivity. | 1982 | 7064353 | |
| genetic composition and virulence of influenza virus: differences in facets of virulence in ferrets between two pairs of recombinants with rna segments of the same parental origin. | facets of virulence for ferrets of 16 recombinant clones of two parent viruses a/finland/4/74 (h3n2) and a/okuda/57 (h2n2) were determined and viewed in relation to their genetic composition. of the five pairs of recombinant clones with rna segments of the same parental origin, differences in facets of virulence were detected between members of two of the pairs. one pair differed in ability to produce fever, and another pair in ability to infect the lower respiratory tract. subsequent analyses i ... | 1982 | 7061993 |
| the binding of staphylococcal protein a by the sera of different animal species. | the capacity of purified immunoglobulin or serum to bind (125i)-labeled staphylococcal protein a (spa) was measured by means of an immunofiltration assay that facilitated the examination of large numbers of sera and required only a minute quantity of each. sera from 80 species, including humans, laboratory animals, domestic animals, and a variety of african mammals were examined. a wide interspecies variation in the spa-binding capacity of serum immunoglobulins was confirmed. only small variatio ... | 1982 | 7061862 |
| impact of influenza a in a nursing home. | outbreaks of influenza a in the institutionalized elderly have been reported only rarely. such an outbreak occurred in a nursing home in the period dec 12, 1980, through jan 21, 1981. thirty (25%) of the 120 residents had onset of influenza-like illness during the outbreak. influenza a/bangkok/79-like (h3n2) virus was isolated from throat swab specimens from five of eight acutely ill patients. thirteen persons were hospitalized; nine persons died (case-fatality ratio, 30%). this outbreak documen ... | 1982 | 7057536 |
| possible waterborne transmission and maintenance of influenza viruses in domestic ducks. | two duck farms in hong kong were examined monthly for 1 year for the occurrence and persistence of influenza viruses within the duck communities. the predominant virus in one community was h3n2, a virus antigenically related to the pandemic hong kong strain. this virus was isolated monthly throughout the year from feces or pond water or both, indicating a cycle of waterborne transmission. viruses of the same antigenic combination were isolated 1 and 2 years after the last sampling occasion, impl ... | 1982 | 7055370 |
| responses of elderly subjects to a new subunit influenza virus vaccine. | the serologic responses and the side effects resulting from the administration of a new subunit vaccine against influenza were compared with those of a currently available whole-virus vaccine in an elderly population. the subunit vaccine is prepared by cleavage of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase surface antigens from the virus with a cationic detergent, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. the resulting vaccine is more selectively reduced to these primary antigens than are the available subunit v ... | 1982 | 7054332 |
| pneumonia and influenza deaths during epidemics: implications for prevention. | pneumonia and influenza (p&i) deaths among adults during epidemics of influenza a (h3n2) virus are reviewed and risks of such deaths according to age and presence of chronic disease are estimated from medical records of a large group practice. thirty-eight deaths occurred among 310 persons hospitalized with p&i. flu-like symptoms occurred in 30 patients (79%), 26 patients (68%) were older than 65 years, 36 patients (95%) had chronic disease, and approximately half were medically stable before th ... | 1982 | 7053739 |
| cold-adapted recombinant influenza a virus vaccines in seronegative young children. | two live, attenuated, intranasally administered influenza virus vaccines were evaluated in 21 seronegative young children at vanderbilt children's hospital (nashville, tennessee). the vaccines were derivatives of a cold-adapted master strain, influenza a/ann arbor/6/60 virus, containing the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of one of two contemporary strains, influenza a/hong kong/123/77 (h1n1) or a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2) virus. both vaccine strains replicated in seronegative young children without ev ... | 1982 | 7045254 |
| a clearance test in mice using non-adapted viruses to determine the immunogenicity of influenza strains. | a test for the immunogenicity of influenza viruses is described, which is based upon the intranasal vaccinating dose required to induce inhibition of multiplication of unadapted influenza viruses in the lungs of mice. this test is more sensitive than an antigen extinction procedure, in which immunogenicity is measured according to the dose required to induce the formation of hemagglutination-inhibition antibody. the clearance test has been used to demonstrate that a) influenza a/northern territo ... | 1981 | 7036956 |
| antigenicity in hamsters of inactivated vaccines prepared from recombinant influenza viruses. | inactivated vaccines prepared form influenza virus strains obtained by the recombination of a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) or a/fm/1/47 (h1n1) viruses with a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) virus, were tested for their antigenicity in hamsters. the parental origin of the genes of each cloned recombinant virus was determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and vaccines prepared from each strain by concentration, purification on sucrose density gradients and inactivation with formalin. all the recombinant strains u ... | 1981 | 7031128 |
| the antigenicity of whole virus versus subunit trivalent influenza vaccines -- a field trial in the israel defence forces, 1978. | a single dose of a commercial trivalent influenza subunit vaccine (sv) and two whole virus vaccines (wvv) were compared in a randomized, placebo-controlled field trial of subjects under 23 years of age in the israel defence forces. sixty percent of sv recipients and 29% and 37% of wvv recipients showed no measurable response to the h1n1 subtype (a/ussr). when the prevaccination titer to h1n1 was less than 10, sv did not differ significantly from the placebo, and when greater than or equal to 10, ... | 1981 | 7029236 |
| infection with influenza a/victoria virus in houston families, 1976. | in 1976, an epidemic caused by infections with an influenza virus antigenically similar to a/victoria/75 (h3n2) occurred in houston, texas. during this outbreak, 37 families (155 members) enrolled in the houston family study were under observation. the families lived throughout the metropolitan area (houston, texas), and were representative of low income groups. the overall frequency of infection in family members was 27.7%. the frequency of infection was the highest for infants under one year o ... | 1981 | 7016989 |
| use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect serum antibody responses of volunteers who received attenuated influenza a virus vaccines. | sera from volunteers who received live influenza a wild-type or ts recombinant virus were tested by hemagglutination inhibition (hi) assay, neuraminidase inhibition (ni) assay, and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to determine which assay system was the most sensitive in detecting an immunological response to infection. the elisa was performed with inactivated whole virus antigen, and the optical density at each of five serial twofold dilutions of pre- and postimmunization sera was ... | 1980 | 7011972 |
| sensitivity and specificity of enzyme immunoassay for serodiagnosis of influenza a virus infections. | antibodies to influenza virus in sera from 40 patients infected with influenza a/ussr/90/77h1n1-like virus were measured by an enzyme immunoassay (eia), and results were compared with those obtained by complement-fixation (cf) and hemagglutination-inhibition (hai) tests. the sensitivity of eia in detecting an increase in influenza antibody in sera from these 40 patients was intermediate (27 of 40) between the cf test (19 of 40) and the hai test (35 of 40) when an ether-treater influenza a/ussr/7 ... | 1980 | 6989932 |
| characterization of human serum strain-specific antihemagglutinin antibody to a/port chalmers/73 (h3n2) influenza virus by radioimmunoprecipitation assays. | we performed radioimmunoprecipitation assays in which iodinated preparations of a/port chalmers/73 (a/pc/73) hemagglutinin were used as the test antigens and high concentrations of unlabeled a/hong kong/68 viral protein were used to inhibit the binding of cross-reactive antibodies to quantitate strain-specific antibody responses in postvaccination sera. strain-specific antibodies comprised 8 to 48% (mean, 20%) of the total a/pc/73 antigen-binding capacity of the sera tested. competition radioimm ... | 1982 | 6985298 |
| epidemiological, clinical, and virological features of influenza outbreaks in pune, india, 1980. | during the course of continuous surveillance of influenza in 1980 in pune, india, which has a tropical monsoon climate, three outbreaks of acute respiratory infection (ari) were investigated in march (hot season), in july-september (rainy season), and in november (cold season); sporadic cases during the interepidemic months were also studied. the first outbreak was associated with influenza a virus (h3n2), the second with influenza a viruses (h3n2) and (h1n1) and influenza b virus, but fewer inf ... | 1982 | 6982785 |
| the ecology of influenza viruses: a who memorandum. | influenza a viruses continue to be isolated from man, pigs, horses, and a wide range of avian species, especially ducks. the recent isolation of an influenza a virus from seals has added an additional mammal to the list of natural hosts for these viruses. in contrast, influenza b viruses have been isolated only from man.the haemagglutinin of a virus isolated from gulls in the united states of america could not be identified with reference antisera and may constitute a new haemagglutinin subtype. ... | 1981 | 6978194 |
| evaluation of live and inactivated influenza a virus vaccines in a mouse model. | induction of cross-protective immunity against serologically distinct subtypes of influenza a virus in mice was examined in an attempt to correlate cross-protection with heterotypic lymphocyte responses. live and inactivated virus vaccines protected against the homologous subtype, but only whole virus protected against heterologous subtypes. live virus vaccines provided better cross-protection than inactivated virus vaccines. a weak defense against heterotypic challenge generated by live h0n1 vi ... | 1982 | 6977595 |
| specific anti-influenza virus antibody production in vitro by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated in vitro with influenza virus were found to produce anti-influenza virus antibody. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure cumulative antibody secretion into culture supernatants. optimal antibody production was obtained with 2 x 10(6) peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured in flat-bottomed wells for 12 days in 2 ml of rpmi 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, antibiotics, and 4 mm l-glutamine. a ... | 1981 | 6975330 |
| cord blood lymphocyte in vitro responses to influenza a antigens after an epidemic of influenza a/port chalmers/73 (h3n2). | samples of cord blood from 46 deliveries were collected between 2 and 8 mo after an epidemic of influenza caused by a/port chalmers/73 (h3h2) virus. of 10 samples with hai antibody titers against a/port chalmers of 1:16 or greater, one had 2-mercaptoethanol-sensitive igm class antibodies against the virus. lymphocyte proliferative responses with the use of a/port chalmers antigens were increased in six of 46 samples. these results provide immunologic evidence that certain neonates have igm antib ... | 1981 | 6974500 |
| the human cytotoxic t cell response to influenza a vaccination. | the human cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) response to challenge with influenza a vaccine was studied. six of eight volunteers given killed whole influenza virus a/ussr (h1n1) vaccine showed substantial increases on the level of ctl memory 1 month after immunization. the ctl measured at this time showed complete cross-reactivity in their specificity for influenza a/ussr (h1n1) and a/x31 (h3n2) infected cells and also showed hla restriction. the level of ctl memory increased in only three out of nine ... | 1981 | 6974066 |
| the replication of type a influenza viruses in the infant rat: a marker for virus attenuation. | twenty recombinant influenza virus strains bearing hsw1n1, h1n1 or h3n2 surface antigens, together with their respective wild-type or laboratory-propagated parent viruses, were inoculated into 2 day-old infant rats and their replication in the turbinates and lungs of these animals observed over a period of 5 days. in addition, the ability of each of the recombinant and parent viruses to enhance a subsequent infection of these infant rats by haemophilus influenzae type b was determined. the resul ... | 1980 | 6969291 |
| study of several genetic markers of two recombinants derived from autochthonous influenza virus type a strains. | two recombinants derived from autochthonous influenza virus type a strains were studied as regards neuraminidase activity, the rate of elution from chicken rbc and the sensitivity to nonspecific horse serum inhibitors. neuraminidase activity was lower in the a(h1n1) recombinant and in its collection and wild-type parents belonging to the same subtype than in the a(h3n2) recombinant and parental strains; the elution rate was much higher in the former than in the latter. in contrast to the parenta ... | 1982 | 6959412 |
| a study of acute respiratory disease in the community of port chalmers. iii. efficacy of influenza virus subunit vaccines in 1973, 1974 and 1975. | an evaluation of the efficacy of influenza virus subunit vaccine was undertaken during a study of acute respiratory disease in the semi-isolated community of port chalmers, new zealand. in 1973, the administration of a vaccine containing a/england/42/72(h3n2) and b/roma/1/67 stains was found to produce hi antibody titres greater than or equal to 1:40 to the a and b components in 50 percent of 32 subjects. there was no significant ni antibody response to the a component. during an epidemic of a/p ... | 1980 | 6935541 |
| [subtypes h1n1 and h3n2 of influenza virus isolated from the same patient]. | 1980 | 6927787 | |
| ts p1 and p3 genes are responsible for satisfactory level of attenuation of ts-1a2 recombinants bearing h1n1 or h3n2 surface antigens of influenza a virus. | 1980 | 6893373 | |
| different virulence of influenza a virus strains and susceptibility to pneumococcal otitis media in chinchillas. | we have previously shown that chinchillas infected with a multiply passaged laboratory strain of influenza a/nws/33 (h1n1) develop negative middle-ear pressure; polymorphonuclear leukocyte oxidative, bactericidal, and chemotactic dysfunction; and increased susceptibility to pneumococcal otitis media. because influenza a virus strains show different virulence in humans, three such strains were compared in the chinchilla model. negative middle-ear pressure and tympanic membrane inflammation develo ... | 1983 | 6885170 |
| [comparative study of the effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccine preparations]. | the reactogenicity, safety, immunogenicity and epidemiological effectiveness of inactivated virion vaccinal preparations from strains a (h3n2) texas 1/77a, a (h1n1) and split adsorbed influenza chemical vaccine, as well as the character of local and systemic reactions to these vaccines were studied. the vaccinees showed a high percentage of seroconversions (42-69.4%) with antibody titers increasing 5 times and more. at the period of the epidemic outbreak of influenza in january 1980, caused by i ... | 1983 | 6880484 |
| [production and properties of inhibitor-resistant mutants of influenza a virus recombinants]. | inhibitor-resistant (ir) mutants could be selected from recombinants between influenza virus a/pr8/34 (h1n1) and a/greifswald 6/74, a/greifswald, 1/76, a/erfurt 8/77 (all (h3n2)). spontaneous mutants were selected by cultivation on chorioallantoic membrane fragments in roller tubes, in the presence of 10% inactivated rabbit serum. the ir-mutants thus obtained were cloned during two successive plaque-to-plaque passages. the appearance of resistance to heat-stable rabbit serum inhibitors was conco ... | 1983 | 6880028 |
| [isolation of spontaneous mutants from influenza a virus recombinants after several plaque passages in embryonic chicken cells]. | clones with larger plaques (2.5-4 mm in diameter) could be isolated after sequential passages of influenza virus recombinants a/greifswald 6/74 x a/pr8/34 (h3n1) and a/bangkok 1/79 x a/pr8/34 (h3n1 and h3n2) in chick embryo cells. in addition to the large plaques, very small ones (1-1.5 mm in diameter) could be regularly observed in a proportion of about 10% at subsequent passages of these variants. the clones exhibited a constant size of the plaques, and there were no large-plaque forming rever ... | 1983 | 6880027 |
| the similar interaction of ferret alveolar macrophages with influenza virus strains of differing virulence at normal and pyrexial temperatures. | the possibility that ferret lung macrophages may be one factor operating in vivo to prevent infection of susceptible alveolar cells (as demonstrated by organ cultures) by both virulent and attenuated strains of influenza virus has been investigated. phagocytosis of four strains of influenza virus [a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) and clone 64d (attenuated for ferrets) and clones 64c and 7a (virulent for ferrets) of the recombinant virus a/pr/8/34-a/england/939/69 (h3n2)] by ferret alveolar macrophages in vitro ... | 1983 | 6875518 |
| hemagglutinin-specific antibody responses in immunoglobulin g, a, and m isotypes as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after primary or secondary infection of humans with influenza a virus. | the isotype-specific antibody responses to purified hemagglutinin of adults undergoing either primary or secondary infection with an influenza a virus were characterized by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. twenty-eight military recruits undergoing primary infection with a/ussr/92/77 (h1n1)-like virus had serum antibody rises in the immunoglobulin m (igm) (86%), igg (100%), and iga (96%) isotypes. in contrast, 19 adult volunteers undergoing secondary infection with a/peking/2/79 (h3n2) ... | 1983 | 6874068 |
| investigation on the monsoon outbreak of influenza a (h3n2) virus strain in pune, india, 1981. | 1983 | 6874028 | |
| [production of antibodies to influenza virus a by human lymphoid cells in vitro]. | the data are presented on studying the production of antibodies to influenza a (h3n2) virus by lymphoid cells of the amygdaline tonsils and mediastinal lymph nodes in vitro during stimulation of these cells with influenza virus or lipopolysaccharide of typhoid bacteria. | 1983 | 6871460 |
| [procedures for estimating transmission parameters from influenza epidemics: use of serological data]. | a maximum likelihood procedure is given for estimating household and community transmission parameters from observed influenza infection data. the mathematical model used does not require the specification of infection onset times and, therefore, can be used with serological data which detect asymptomatic infections. infection data was derived by serology and virus isolation from the tecumseh respiratory illness study and the seattle flu study for the years 1975-1979. influenza a (h1n1), a (h3n2 ... | 1983 | 6868556 |
| [oligopeptide mapping of the proteins of animal influenza virus nucleoproteins]. | oligopeptide mapping showed the viruses h1n1 and h3n2 isolated from animals, unlike the majority of animal viruses with "animal" subtypes of the surface antigens, to have np proteins typical of human h1n1 and h3n2 viruses which confirms their origin from human viruses. | 1983 | 6868550 |
| recycling of h1n1 influenza a virus in man--a haemagglutinin antibody study. | sera from people born between 1883 and 1930 and collected in 1977 were tested for the presence of hi antibodies to a/fm/1/47 (h1n1) virus and three recently (1977 and 1978) isolated influenza a-h1n1 viruses. the highest frequency of high-titred antibody to the four h1n1 viruses was detected in sera from people born in 1903-4, i.e. 42, 54, 38, and 22% had antibody against a/fm/1/47, a/hong kong/117/77, a/brazil/11/78, and a/fukushima/103/78 respectively. the birthdate groups 1896-1907 showed a hi ... | 1983 | 6863911 |
| activity of cyclosporin a in experimental influenza virus infection in mice. | oral administration of the immunosuppressive fungal metabolite cyclosporin a increased the mortality of balb/c mice infected intranasally with influenza a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) virus. cyclosporin a also increased the amount of virus that could be recovered from the lungs of infected mice and delayed the rate at which it was eliminated. treatment with cyclosporin a did not, however, prevent the appearance of haemagglutination inhibiting antibody in the sera of animals that had been infected with ... | 1983 | 6858792 |
| 4s component of influenza virion rna represented by a set of trnas. | the aminoacceptor capacity of the 4s fraction of influenza virion rna--strain a/texas 1/77a (h3n2)--was studied in a cell-free system containing individual 3h-amino acids and rat liver ph 5-enzyme preparation. the presence of at least 5 species of active trna was demonstrated. there were differences in the composition of the trna populations of influenza virus and of the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane cells in which the virus had cultivated. these differences point to the selectivity of t ... | 1983 | 6857988 |
| influenza infection in the infant mouse. | a nonlethal influenza infection [a/pc/1/73 (h3n2)] was given to infant mice to determine (1) the pathology of tracheal epithelium and lung, (2) the time course of viral shedding from the nose and lung, and (3) the subsequent development of protective immunity during adulthood. both desquamation of the tracheal epithelium and lung pathology similar to that described in adults after influenza infection were observed in the infant. animals infected at 3 days of age show virus shedding in 12 of 13 i ... | 1983 | 6856395 |
| secretory immunological response after intranasal inactivated influenza a virus vaccinations: evidence for immunoglobulin a memory. | an intranasal, inactivated trivalent influenza a vaccine containing 7 micrograms of a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2) hemagglutinin was administered to 20 children aged 1 to 6 years to assess the local and systemic immune responses to antigen delivered to the respiratory tract. six children without prior influenza virus infection exhibited no local immune response and manifested only a minimal systemic response to the intranasal vaccine. in contrast, five individuals who were previously infected with a live ... | 1983 | 6852914 |
| dose response of a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2) cold-adapted reassortant vaccine virus in adult volunteers: role of local antibody in resistance to infection with vaccine virus. | an attenuated influenza a candidate vaccine virus, derived from the a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2) cold-adapted (ca) donor virus and the a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2) wild-type virus, was evaluated in adult seronegative volunteers (serum hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titer, less than or equal to 1:8) for level of attenuation, infectivity, antigenicity, and genetic stability. four groups with similar preinoculation mean titers of serum and nasal wash antibodies were inoculated intranasally with 10(4.5), 1 ... | 1983 | 6852910 |
| prevalence of influenza viruses a-h1n1 and a-h3n2 in swine in the netherlands. | in the period december 1979-may 1980 a respiratory disease spread rapidly through pig herds in the netherlands. surveillance of 12 pig farms resulted in isolation of 22 influenza a-swine-h1n1 (hsw1n1) strains from 9 pig herds. the morbidity rate was high but the mortality rate was nil. retardation in growth was observed. sera collected from affected pig herds showed a fourfold increase in haemagglutination inhibition (hi) titre against a-swine-h1n1 virus. sera collected on five farms showed a ge ... | 1983 | 6851479 |
| [ph-dependent hemolytic and neuraminidase activity of remantadine-sensitive and -resistant variants of influenza virus]. | a comparative study of ph-dependence of hemolytic and neuraminidase activities of four remantadin-sensitive influenza a virus strains capv (classical avian plague virus) (h7n7), ussr/090/77 (h1n1), ann arbor (h2n2), and texas (h3n2) and their remantadin-resistant variants was carried out. the original strains were shown to produce hemolysis in a narrow ph range (5.0 and 5.5) and to have maximal neuraminidase activity at the same ph values. in remantadin-resistant variants the optimal ph values f ... | 1983 | 6845715 |
| [influenza in the winter of 1982-1983, caused by the a-h3n2 virus]. | 1983 | 6843700 | |
| interference following dual inoculation with influenza a (h3n2) and (h1n1) viruses in ferrets and volunteers. | the effects of simultaneous inoculation with two attenuated influenza a viruses was studied in ferrets and volunteers. groups of ferrets were inoculated with an influenza a (h3n2) or (h1n1), virus or a combination of both viruses: the temperature response, serum and local antibody response, and the change in nasal wash protein concentration was determined. the results showed that both viruses were attenuated for ferrets, and that inoculation with both viruses together did not cause clinical reac ... | 1983 | 6834013 |
| temperature-sensitive influenza a virus clones originated by a cross between a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) and b/yamagata/1/73. | a genetic cross was performed between influenza viruses b/yamagata/1/73 and clone 6-10, an a type influenza virus derived from a cross between a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) and b/yamagata. efficiency of plating of b/yamagata at 39.5 degrees c was less than 10(-3) in mdck cells, while that of clone 6-10 or a/aichi was higher than 10(-1). four of the 15 clones selected for ha of aichi serotype from the mixed yield, where type b virus was predominant over type a, were temperature-sensitive (ts), with efficie ... | 1983 | 6830443 |
| isolation of respiratory syncytial and influenza viruses from the sputum of patients hospitalized with pneumonia. | routinely collected sputum specimens from 100 adults hospitalized with pneumonia were frozen at -70 c until inoculation into madin-darby canine kidney, fetal tonsil, and esophageal epithelial cells. six influenza a (h3n2) viruses, two respiratory syncytial viruses, three rhinoviruses, and nine herpes simplex viruses were recovered. four patients with influenza virus and one with respiratory syncytial virus isolated had nosocomial pneumonia. viral isolation from sputum specimens may aid the diagn ... | 1983 | 6827134 |
| anti-influenza a activity of combinations of amantadine and ribavirin in ferret tracheal ciliated epithelium. | the anti-influenza a activities of amantadine and ribavirin were investigated separately and in combination. ferret tracheal ciliated epithelium was continuously exposed to the drugs at concentrations (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/l) comparable to those found in human serum after oral administration. each drug alone produced a modest delay in a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2) induced cytopathic effect. the combination of drugs synergistically delayed cytopathic effect. at 1 mg/l of each, cytopathic effect was prevent ... | 1983 | 6826488 |
| temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza a/udorn/72 (h3n2) virus. iii. genetic analysis of temperature-dependent host range mutants. | one hundred thirty-three ts mutants of influenza a/udorn/72 virus were arranged into eight complementation groups, a-h, on madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) monolayer cultures at the restrictive temperature of 40 degrees. the eight complementation groups, a-h, on mdck cells corresponded to the eight recombination groups, a-h, on rhesus monkey kidney (rmk) cells, respectively, and this suggested that each mdck complementation group represented one of the eight influenza a rna gene segments. these ... | 1983 | 6823745 |
| individuals infected with two subtypes of influenza a virus in the same season. | participants in the houston family study were observed during a period of two mixed outbreaks due to two subtypes of influenza a virus: h3n2 and h1n1 (1977-1981). virus specimens, serum samples, and clinical records were obtained to identify and characterize infections. in 1977-1978, 40% of 238 persons in 59 families were infected by influenza a virus (h3n2), 11% by influenza a virus (h1n1), and 4% by both. in 1980-1981, for 319 persons in 79 families, the corresponding rates were 27%, 20%, and ... | 1983 | 6822747 |
| update: influenza virus a(h3n2) isolations - united states. | 1982 | 6819441 | |
| influenza a(h3n2) virus isolations--united states. | 1982 | 6818449 | |
| isolation of influenza a viruses from birds in great britain during 1980 and 1981. | during 1980 and 1981 influenza a viruses of subtypes h3n2, h3n8, h4n1, h4n6, h6n2, h6n8, h7n7, h11n8 and h11n9 were isolated from birds in great britain, usually as a result of investigations of disease or death. however, all viruses were shown to be of low virulence for chickens in pathogenicity index tests. there was one occurrence of influenza virus infection of turkeys (h6n8) but viruses were frequently obtained from domestic ducks. other viruses were isolated from exotic birds in zoos or bi ... | 1982 | 6815876 |
| reversed single-radial-immunodiffusion test: the method for the assay of the antibody to influenza a nucleoprotein. | the reversed single-radial-immunodiffusion (r-srd) test using the avian-origin influenza a virus, a/chicken/germany "n'/49 (hav2neql) disrupted with 1.0% sarkosyl, was established as the quantitative method for the assay of a type-specific antibody, particularly of an anti-nucleoprotein antibody, in human sera. under the test conditions, human sera produced a definite opalescent zone around the well and the annulus area was found to have a high correlation to the antibody level of type a influen ... | 1981 | 6797098 |
| the role of carbohydrate in determining the immunochemical properties of the hemagglutinin of influenza a virus. | most of the carbohydrate was removed from influenza virus mrc ii (h3n2) and its purified hemagglutinin (ha) on treatment with glycosidases, including alpha-mannosidase, beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase and alpha-fucosidase. the release of 50 per cent of the carbohydrate from intact virus particles significantly affected hemagglutinating activity. the ability of untreated and glycosidase-treated virus to inhibit the binding of antibodies directed against the hemagglutinin was almo ... | 1981 | 6784704 |
| [comparison between killed subunit influenza vaccines and whole virion preparations: study of reactions and protective efficacy in children and adults]. | three hundred eight subjects (of whom 103 children aged 6-12 years) were vaccinated with trivalent--a/ussr/90/77 (h1n1), a/texas/1/77 (h3n2), b/hong kong/8/73 strains--influenza virus vaccines, two of them sub-unit and the third whole-virus preparation. children and adolescent received two doses with an interval of 4 weeks, adults one dose only. the results of the determination by single radial diffusion test of the hemagglutinin amount for each of the three vaccinal strains and the data of the ... | 1980 | 6778485 |
| evaluation of three strains of influenza a virus in humans and in owl, cebus, and squirrel monkeys. | the virulence of three cloned influenza a viruses was compared in humans and in three readily available species of nonhuman primates (owl, squirrel, and cebus monkeys) in an attempt to identify a species of monkey that could be used to investigate the genetic basis of attenuation of influenza a viruses for humans. three influenza a viruses from two subtypes, i.e., the a/udorn/72 (h3n2), a/alaska/77 (h3h2), and a/hong kong/77 (h1h1) viruses, produced febrile influenzal illness in humans. squirrel ... | 1980 | 6772565 |
| [antibody formation and preservation against the envelope antigens of influenza virus subtype a(h3n2) after infection and vaccination]. | 1982 | 6764986 | |
| pulmonary deposition and clearance of aerosolized interferon. | small particle aerosols of a hybrid dna recombinant human alpha interferon, a/d bgl, and a related dna recombinant leukocyte interferon, a, were generated and delivered to mice for 23.5 h a day for 4 consecutive days. the antiviral activity of these interferons in delivery reservoirs, in the aerosols generated, and in the lungs of test mice was monitored during and after aerosol administration in cytopathic effect inhibition assays, using vesicular stomatitis virus as the indicator virus. in add ... | 1984 | 6742817 |
| isolation and preliminary characterization of a highly cytolytic influenza b virus variant with an aberrant ns gene. | by repeated backcrosses of influenza virus a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) with b/yamagata/1/73 in mdck cells, a virus clone with ha of b serotype (clone b/610b5b/201, or clone 201) was obtained, which formed sharp plaques in mdck cells and induced a severe cell lysis early after infection. its structural proteins were indistinguishable from those of b/yamagata. electrophoresis of the rna of the clone also showed an identical pattern to that of b/yamagata except rna segment 8 (ns gene), which migrated faste ... | 1984 | 6740944 |
| age and secular distributions of virus-proven influenza patients in successive epidemics 1961-1976 in cirencester: epidemiological significance discussed. | a general practice population of around 3900, under continuous clinical and laboratory surveillance, experienced 20 outbreaks of influenza between march 1960 and march 1976. four epidemics were caused by subtype h2n2 type a viruses, seven by subtype h3n2 type a viruses and nine outbreaks by type b viruses. the age of every person proved virologically to have influenza is related to the age structure of the community and to the phase of the epidemic in which the virus-positive specimens were coll ... | 1984 | 6736641 |
| a one-year study of trivalent influenza vaccines in primed and unprimed volunteers: immunogenicity, clinical reactions and protection. | three hundred volunteers were divided into two age groups, 14-30 years and 31-60 years. each participant was immunized intramuscularly with a subunit, whole virus or absorbed whole virus vaccine, containing a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2), a/brazil/11/78 (h1n1) and b/singapore/222/79 influenza virus. serum haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibody response, protection, and reactogenicity were studied after one and two doses of the vaccines. primary immunization induced much higher percentages of hi antib ... | 1984 | 6736638 |
| sialidase assay by luminescence in the low picomole-range of sialic acid. its application to the measurement of this activity in influenza virus. | a new procedure for a sialidase assay, by bioluminescence, has been developed. the substrate, n- acetylneuraminyllactose (sialyllactose), hydrolysed by the sialidase activity, releases lactose. this lactose is hydrolysed with beta-galactosidase. the released galactose is oxidized with galactose dehydrogenase and nad. the nadh produced in the last step is measured by a luminescence system, coupling two enzymes, nad(p)h dehydrogenase (fmn) and luciferase. this microassay, which is specific, rapid, ... | 1984 | 6735352 |
| dose response of influenza a/washington/897/80 (h3n2) cold-adapted reassortant virus in adult volunteers. | 1984 | 6726006 | |
| recombinant cold-adapted attenuated influenza a vaccines for use in children: reactogenicity and antigenic activity of cold-adapted recombinants and analysis of isolates from the vaccinees. | reactogenicity and antigenic activity of recombinants obtained by crossing cold-adapted donor of attenuation a/leningrad/134/47/57 with wild-type influenza virus strains a/leningrad/322/79(h1n1) and a/bangkok/1/79(h3n2) were studied. the recombinants were areactogenic when administered as an intranasal spray to children aged 3 to 15, including those who lacked or had only low titers of pre-existing anti-hemagglutinin and anti-neuraminidase antibody in their blood. after two administrations of va ... | 1984 | 6724695 |
| recombinant cold-adapted attenuated influenza a vaccines for use in children: molecular genetic analysis of the cold-adapted donor and recombinants. | a previously described cold-adapted attenuated virus, a/leningrad/134/17/57 (h2n2), was further modified by 30 additional passages in chicken embryos at 25 degrees c. this virus had a distinct temperature-sensitive (ts) phenotype, grew well in chicken embryos at 25 degrees c, and failed to recombine with reference ts mutants of fowl plague virus containing ts lesions in five genes coding for non-glycosylated proteins (genes 1, 2, 5, 7, and 8). recombination of a/leningrad/134/47/57 with wild-typ ... | 1984 | 6724694 |
| a pseudo-outbreak of influenza a associated with use of laboratory stock strain. | in november 1982, when influenza type a(h3n2) viruses were spreading in the united states, influenza a(h1n1) viruses were reportedly isolated from 10 hospitalized patients in new mexico, only two of whom had influenza-like illnesses. reference stock influenza a/fort monmouth (fm)/1/47(h1n1) virus had been used to prepare fluorescent antibody test slides in the laboratory reporting the isolates. after investigation, it was concluded that the isolates from the patients' cultures were a result of l ... | 1984 | 6721019 |
| [cold-adapted strain of a/leningrad/134/47/57 (h2n2)--a special attenuation donor of live influenza vaccine for children and the isolation of its recombinants]. | a cold-adapted a/leningrad/134/47/57 (h2n2) strain, a special donor of attenuation for generation of recombinant vaccine strains safe for children, has been developed and characterized. the genetic markers of this virus (temperature sensitivity of the cold-adapted strain, temperature optimum of the neuraminidase activity) were compared with those of a/leningrad/134/17/57 (h2n2) strain, a donor of attenuation for a live influenza vaccine for adults. the a/leningrad/134/47/57 (h2n2) strain was fou ... | 1984 | 6710978 |
| [molecular genetic analysis of a cold-adapted donor attenuation strain for a pediatric liver influenza vaccine, of recombinants based on it and of isolates from vaccinated children]. | the recombination test demonstrated that in the genome of a highly attenuated cold-adapted variant of influenza a/leningrad/134/47/57 virus five genes coding for nonglycosylated proteins (1, 2, 5, 7, 8) carried ts mutations. hybridization of this variant with epidemically important strains of influenza h1n1 and h3n2 viruses produced recombinants which inherited hemagglutinin and neuraminidase from the epidemic strains and 5 (h1n1) and 6 (h3n2) genes coding for nonglycosylated proteins from the c ... | 1984 | 6710977 |
| [isolation of natural cold variants from influenza virus strains similar to a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2)]. | two natural cold variants were isolated from influenza virus strains similar to a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2) and their antigenic and some biological properties were studied in comparison with the original strains. no correlation between the temperature sensitivity of the strains and other properties was found. | 1984 | 6710976 |
| epidemiological evaluation of the protection conferred by the nivgrip vaccine against influenza caused by the a(h3n2) virus. | the protection conferred by the inactivated influenza vaccine nivgrip against influenza caused by the a(h3n2) virus was demonstrated in three school communities of a large urban centre during the epidemic outbreaks occurring in the winter season of 1983. the specific protection was reflected by the lower morbidity by influenza-like respiratory infections and by the absence or scarcity of postinfluenza complications in vaccinees. | 1984 | 6710860 |
| human sera possess a limited antibody repertoire to influenza neuraminidase antigenic variants selected in vitro. | four antigenic variants of the neuraminidase (na) of a/texas/77 (h3n2) virus were selected using monoclonal antibody at a frequency of one variant in 10(5) parental virions. the antigenic variants failed to react serologically with the monoclonal antibody used for their selection in vitro. the antigenic variants failed also to react serologically with a proportion of sera from children and adults although all of the sera reacted with the parental a/texas/77 virus. thus, certain human sera have a ... | 1984 | 6707473 |
| combined interferon-alpha 2, rimantadine hydrochloride, and ribavirin inhibition of influenza virus replication in vitro. | recombinant dna-produced human interferon-alpha 2 inhibited the replication of influenza a and b viruses in primary rhesus monkey kidney cells (rmk). human interferon-alpha 2 interacted additively or synergistically with rimantadine hydrochloride or ribavirin in reducing the yield of clinical isolates of either h3n2 or h1n1 subtype influenza a viruses. the combination of human interferon-alpha 2 and ribavirin also inhibited the replication of an influenza b virus to a greater extent than either ... | 1984 | 6703684 |
| studies of a recombinant which inherited the haemagglutinin from the human influenza virus a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) and other genes from influenza virus a/duck/ukraine/1/63 (h3n8). | a recombinant (r3/3) has been obtained which inherited the gene coding for the haemagglutinin from human influenza virus a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2), and seven other genes from influenza virus a/duck/ukraine/1/63 (h3n8). the recombinant r3/3 had properties, a ts+ phenotype and a capability of reproducing in chick embryos, similar to those of the duck influenza virus, but, in contrast to this parent, had lost its ability to reproduce in organ cultures of colon of ducks and chickens as well as in mono ... | 1984 | 6693854 |
| relative immunogenicity of the cold-adapted influenza virus a/ann arbor/6/60 (a/aa/6/60-ca), recombinants of a/aa/6/60-ca, and parental strains with similar surface antigens. | the immunogenicity of several cold-adapted (ca) viruses was compared in csl mice with that of wild-type parental viruses with similar surface antigens, according to the vaccinating dose required to clear a challenge consisting of 10(4.5) 50% tissue culture infective doses of the wild-type virus. all ca viruses were less immunogenic than their wild-type parental strains by a factor of 10(1.3) to 10(3.4), probably due to the restricted capacity of ca viruses to replicate in the respiratory tracts ... | 1984 | 6693167 |
| evolution of the nucleotide sequence of influenza virus rna segment 7 during drift of the h3n2 subtype. | the complete genetic information contained in the influenza virus rna segment 7 of the a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2) strain has been cloned by in vitro synthesis of the complementary dsdna and its insertion into plasmid pbr322. the nucleotide sequence of the viral rna segment has been determined from the cdna insert. it is 1027 nucleotides long, and contains two open reading frames, as shown for other influenza virus strains. when compared with the previously published sequence for the a/udorn/72 (h3n2) ... | 1983 | 6688599 |
| [circulation of influenza a (h3n2) virus in the winter and spring of 1983 in moldavia]. | 1983 | 6676860 | |
| [safety and high immunogenicity for children 3 to 15 of a mono- and a divaccine from recombinant influenza a/brazil /11/78 (h1n1) and a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2) viruses obtained from a special donor attenuation base--the cold-adapted virus a/leningrad/134/47/57 (h2n2)]. | the data on complete safety and high immunogenic potency of intranasal live influenza vaccine from the recombinant a/brazil/11/78 (h1n1) and a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2) strains prepared with a special donor of attenuation, a cold-adapted a/leningrad/134/47/57 (h2n2) virus, have been obtained. the possibility of using a bivaccine from the recombinant strains constructed on the basis of a single donor of attenuation and inheriting from it most of the genes coding for nonglycosylated proteins was demonst ... | 1983 | 6670253 |
| [radioimmunological analysis of the neuraminidase of influenza virus subtype n2]. | competitive radioimmunoassay in the homologous system using 125i-labeled neuraminidase (na) of a/japan/305/57 virus and antibodies to it showed that influenza viruses na of subtypes h2n2 (a/singapore/1/57 and a/tokyo/3/67) and h3n2 (a/aichi/2/68, a/england/42/72, a/port chalmers/1/73, and a/texas/1/77) had undergone clear antigenic change despite the presence of japan strain na determinant. the use of a heterologous system (125i-na of the japan strain--antibodies to na of england/42/72 strain) f ... | 1983 | 6659471 |
| [comparison of the 35s-methionine oligopeptide maps of influenza a virus np proteins]. | tryptic mapping of radioactive methionine-labeled np proteins of 15 species of human influenzae a viruses and 11 animal viruses was performed. on the basis of similarities and differences of peptide maps, np proteins were divided into 4 groups designated a, b, c, and d. group a included viruses a/ws/33 and a/pr/8/34; group b viruses h1n1 (apart from those isolated after 1977 and wsn virus), h2n2, h3n2, and 8 species of animal influenza viruses, group c 4 species of h1n1 viruses isolated in 1977- ... | 1983 | 6659469 |
| [epizootic swine influenza on animal farms in brittany]. | since 1976, seroepidemiological surveys using radial haemolysis and isolation trials from samples collected from pigs at the abattoir showed that brittany was an important reservoir of swine subclinical infections due to the human influenza a viruses h3n2. influenza a h1sw n1sw subclinical infections sporadically occurred from 1979 to 1981. in january 1982 an epizootic started in finistère which spread from west to east. the h1sw and n1sw antigens of 28 stains isolated from 1979 to 1982 were stu ... | 1983 | 6658105 |
| serum antibody responses in naturally occurring influenza a virus infection determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, hemagglutination inhibition, and complement fixation. | serum antibody responses to influenza a virus infection were examined in 388 normal subjects during a trial of chemoprophylaxis in an outbreak of influenza a in 1980-1981 in which both a/h1n1 and a/h3n2 viruses circulated. paired serum specimens obtained over a 6-week period were tested for antibodies to both a/h1n1 and a/h3n2 viruses by conventional hemagglutination inhibition, complement fixation, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). antibody responses detected by elisa were deter ... | 1983 | 6655040 |
| investigation of an outbreak of influenza by a/vict./3/75 (h3n2) virus strain in kharakwasla in 1980. | 1983 | 6654448 | |
| the role of naturally-acquired bacterial infection in influenza-related death in neonatal ferrets. | concomitant, naturally-acquired bacterial infection was the cause of some deaths occurring in neonatal ferrets infected with the attenuated influenza virus a/puerto rico/8/34, these being prevented by antibiotic therapy. bacterial infection played an insignificant role in the greater number of deaths following inoculation with the virulent clone 7a (of the recombinant influenza virus a/puerto rico/8/34-a/england/939/69/(h3n2]. as seen previously with clone 7a some ferret neonates infected with a ... | 1983 | 6639875 |
| trivalent, inactivated influenza virus vaccine in children with sickle cell disease. | school-aged children with sickle cell disease who were administered a single dose of trivalent, inactivated influenza virus vaccine had serum antibody titers comparable to titers achieved in the two-dose trials carried out in 1978. the proportion exhibiting titers of 1:32 or greater ranged from 84% to 68% for the three antigens. preschool children with sickle cell disease received two doses of the same vaccine four weeks apart and their postimmunization titers to each of the antigens were slight ... | 1983 | 6637914 |
| characterization of a cold-sensitive (cs) recombinant between two influenza a strains. | recombinants between fowl plague virus (fpv, h7n1) and the hong kong (h3n2) or singapore (h2n2) influenza virus strains carrying the hemagglutinin of fpv and the neuraminidase of the human strains form only very tiny plaques at 33 degrees, but normal plaques at 37 degrees. one recombinant (113/ho) has been studied in more detail. it multiplies only very slowly at 33 degrees, the nonpermissive temperature. adsorption and penetration are normal at 33 degrees, but synthesis of protein is impeded. t ... | 1983 | 6636541 |