Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| a comparative assessment of tlc overlay technique and microwell adsorption assay in the examination of influenza a and sendai virus specificities towards oligosaccharides and sialic acid linkages of gangliosides. | influenza a and sendai viruses bind to neolacto-series gangliosides isolated from human granulocytes. differences in receptor specificity of influenza viruses a/pr/8/34 (h1n1), a/x-31 (h3n2), and parainfluenza sendai virus (hnf1, z-strain) were determined by two direct solid phase binding assays: the overlay technique, which combines high-resolution in the separation of gangliosides on thin-layer chromatograms with direct binding; and the microwell adsorption assay as a convenient binding assay ... | 1994 | 7696851 |
| prominent usage of v beta 8.3 t cells in the h-2db-restricted response to an influenza a virus nucleoprotein epitope. | the spectrum of tcr usage has been analyzed for virus-specific cd8+ t cells isolated from the regional mediastinal lymph modes and from the lung by bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) of c57bl/6 (b6) mice with influenza pneumonia. lymphocytes were recovered during the acute phase of the primary response in mice infected with an h3n2 (a/hkx31) virus, or in immune animals that were secondarily challenged with an h1n1 virus (a/pr8). cells taken directly from the bal of infected mice exhibited an increase ... | 1993 | 7689611 |
| alpha 2-macroglobulin is the major neutralizing inhibitor of influenza a virus in pig serum. | horse, pig, and rabbit sera contain distinct glycoprotein inhibitors of influenza a viruses that inhibit hemagglutinating activity and neutralize viral infectivity. although alpha 2-macroglobulin has been identified as the inhibitor in horse serum, the inhibitors in pig and rabbit sera have not been identified. as an initial step in elucidating the structural differences among inhibitor molecules, we sought to isolate the inhibitor in pig serum. the purified inhibitor decreased the hemagglutinat ... | 1993 | 7681613 |
| characterization of the virions of mopyridone-sensitive wild strain and mopyridone-resistant mutant of influenza virus a(h3n2) | some differences were established between mopyridone-sensitive (mcu-s) wild strain and mopyridone-resistant (mcu-r) mutant progenies of influenza virus a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2). the virions of mcu-r mutant had a lower buoyant density in linear sucrose gradient as compared to those of mcu-s strain, and an increased ability of aggregation as well. ha content (hau/micrograms protein) in the purified virions of mcu-r mutant was twice lower as compared to mcu-s strain. the surface glycoproteins of mcu ... | 1995 | 7676940 |
| communitywide laboratory-based influenza surveillance focused on older persons, 1989-1992. | we collected surveillance data as part of the medicare influenza vaccine demonstration to describe communitywide epidemiology of influenza, focusing on the elderly. laboratory-based surveillance was established in medical practices, hospitals, and nursing homes in a two-county demonstration in upstate new york. time course and intensity of epidemic influenza were compared between counties, between influenza a and b epidemics, and among several levels of surveillance involving elderly persons as ... | 1995 | 7662393 |
| epidemiology of influenza a virus infection in patients with acute or chronic leukemia. | influenza infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts, but its importance in adult cancer patients is largely undescribed. we therefore conducted a prospective study of the incidence and clinical features of influenza infection in patients with acute or chronic leukemia. the cohort, which consisted of all adult leukemia patients undergoing remission-induction chemotherapy during the 1991-1992 influenza epidemic, was followed prospectively for developmen ... | 1995 | 7655781 |
| influenza vaccination in older patients. immunogenicity, epidemiology and available agents. | excess hospitalisation and deaths attributable to influenza virus infections often occur during epidemics and even in interepidemic periods. influenza vaccines in current use are inactivated preparations that contain 15 micrograms each of the most recently circulating influenza a (h3n2 and h1n1) and b viruses. at present, 3 types of inactivated influenza virus vaccines are available: (a) whole virus vaccines; (b) split virus vaccines; and (c) subunit vaccines. all 3 types are similarly immunogen ... | 1995 | 7647426 |
| the immunogenicity of reassortants of the cold-adapted influenza a master strain a/ann arbor/6/60 is determined by both the genes for cold-adaptation and the haemagglutinin gene. | two surface antigen segregants were prepared by co-infection of chicken embryo kidney cell cultures with reassortants of the cold-adapted influenza a master strain a/ann arbor/6/60-ca (h2n2) possessing the surface antigens of a/queensland/6/72 (h3n2) and a/hong kong/123/77 (h1n1) and other genes that were common to the master strain. the segregants were shown by serological tests to possess h3n1 and h1n2 surface antigens but it was not possible to determine the presence of h1 or n1 genes by sing ... | 1995 | 7646346 |
| egg fluids and cells of the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated chicken eggs can select different variants of influenza a (h3n2) viruses. | growth of influenza viruses in embryonated eggs frequently results in the selection of virus variants with amino acid changes near the receptor-binding pocket of the hemagglutinin molecule, yet the mechanism by which this third form of influenza variation occurs (the other two being antigenic drift and shift) has not been clearly defined. because egg-mediated variation might affect influenza vaccine and surveillance programs, we have initiated studies to determine the site(s) of variant virus se ... | 1995 | 7645225 |
| update: influenza activity--worldwide, 1995. | from october 1994 through august 1995, influenza activity occurred at low to moderate levels in most parts of the world. influenza activity usually was associated with the cocirculation of influenza types a and b viruses. overall, influenza a(h3n2) was the predominant influenza a subtype, but isolation of influenza a(h1n1) viruses increased during this period and was the most frequently isolated influenza virus in australia from march through august. this report summarizes influenza activity wor ... | 1995 | 7643851 |
| pulmonary immune response of young and aged mice after influenza challenge. | after influenza challenge, aged mice have prolonged viral shedding that correlates with lower splenic cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) activity. to evaluate the age-related pulmonary cell-mediated immune response to influenza, pulmonary lymphocytes were obtained from young and aged mice at various days after respiratory tract infection with nonlethal influenza a/pc/1/73 (h3n2) virus. in young mice, pulmonary ctl activity peaked at 48% +/- 2% on day 7 after infection. pulmonary ctl activity peaked 1 ... | 1995 | 7636390 |
| prevention of influenza by the intranasal administration of cold-recombinant, live-attenuated influenza virus vaccine: importance of interferon-gamma production and local iga response. | to clarify which immunological factors were more effective in preventing influenza virus infection, we measured immunological parameters induced by vaccination and infection in vivo and in vitro. healthy adult subjects (n = 128) were divided into vaccinated (n = 85) and untreated (n = 43) groups. eighty-five were vaccinated intranasally with a trivalent cold-adapted recombinant influenza virus vaccine containing type a (h1n1 and h3n2) and b viruses. subjects were mostly seropositive before vacci ... | 1995 | 7625114 |
| immunodominance with progenitor b cell diversity in the neutralizing antibody repertoire to influenza infection. | we report striking immunodominance in the neutralizing antibody responses of major histocompatibility complex congenic mice to natural infection with influenza virus (h3n2 subtype), as deduced by sequencing the hemagglutinin (ha) genes of monoclonal antibody (mab)-selected mutant viruses. a majority of mab, established from individual balb/c (h-2d) mice, select mutant viruses containing the same single amino acid substitution in the membrane distal ecto-domain, ha1 198 a-->e, whereas changes at ... | 1995 | 7621857 |
| selection of a single amino acid substitution in the hemagglutinin molecule by chicken eggs can render influenza a virus (h3) candidate vaccine ineffective. | this study investigated whether a single amino acid change in the hemagglutinin (ha) molecule influenced the efficacy of formalin-inactivated influenza a (h3n1) vaccine candidates derived from high-growth reassortants between the standard donor of high-yield genes (a/pr/8/34 [h1n1]) and host cell variants generated from the same clinical isolate (a/memphis/7/90 [h3n2]) by passage in embryonated chicken eggs. two clones of the isolate generated by growth in eggs differed from the parent virus (re ... | 1995 | 7609057 |
| prolonged shedding of amantadine-resistant influenzae a viruses by immunodeficient patients: detection by polymerase chain reaction-restriction analysis. | consecutive a (h3n2) influenza virus isolates from 2 influenza virus-infected immunodeficient patients treated with amantadine were examined using a novel polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-restriction analysis for resistance to this antiviral compound. the data indicate that immunodeficient patients may shed resistant viruses for prolonged periods and with different drug resistance mutations present at different times. this pcr-restriction technique allows rapid detection of amantadine- or rimanta ... | 1995 | 7594676 |
| [features of interepidemic influenza a and b viruses]. | the comparison of interepidemic influenza viruses with the pathogens of resultant influenza epidemics has revealed that they belong to the same type (subtype) of influenza virus. a definite correlation has been found between the antigenic specificity of haemagglutinin of epidemic and interepidemic strains. the antigenic structure of the interepidemic viruses and the pathogens of further epidemics of influenza b viruses have been found to be completely identical. the interepidemic a(h1n1) isolate ... | 1995 | 7580419 |
| [the origin of resistance to chemicals of naturally occurring isolates of influenza a virus]. | the mechanisms responsible for the formation of resistance of influenza a virus isolates during the natural circulation of the influenza viruses in the environment were studied. the influenza viruses h1n1 and h3n2 resistant to remantadine, adapromine, and deitiforine have been isolated in the ussr and mongolia since 1982. the majority of natural resistant isolates appeared to be atypical both in antigenic properties and genomic structure as compared to the isolates prevalent in the common epidem ... | 1995 | 7580412 |
| a fairly conserved epitope on the hemagglutinin of influenza a (h3n2) virus with variable accessibility to neutralizing antibody. | a monoclonal antibody lmbh5 was derived from mice which had been immunized with a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2)-type recombinant, secreted hemagglutinin (ha), and were subsequently challenged with a potentially lethal dose of x31 [a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) x a/pr/8/34 (h1n1)] virus. lmbh5 reacted strongly with the native and low-ph-induced conformations of the ha of a/aichi (x31 strain) and a/victoria (x47 strain), but very weakly with the native structure of the ha of a/philippines/2/82 (x79 strain) and not a ... | 1995 | 7571422 |
| isolation of influenza a and b viruses in hela cells. | the hela cell line which is one of the most popular cell lines was shown to be suitable for isolation of types a (h3n2) and b influenza viruses from throat washings of patients. sixty-nine and 67 out of 147 throat washings taken from patients during the period from january to april 1994, were positive for influenza a virus in hela cells and mdck cells respectively. seven out of 10 throat washings taken between january and march, 1993, were positive for influenza b virus in mdck. of these 7, 4 we ... | 1995 | 7565177 |
| [polymorphism of current human influenza a and b virus population]. | during the past years, the etiological situation has been significantly complicated. it is characterized by simultaneous circulation of a(h1n1), a(h3n2) and influenza b viruses and by the isolation of reassortant strains and viruses, which are atypical in relation to the process of their natural variability. the antigenic properties of epidemic strains and unusual isolates were investigated. the marked heterogeneity of the a(h3n2) influenza viruses was demonstrated. it was determined by the circ ... | 1994 | 7532493 |
| [influenza: current status and epidemiologic situation]. | in the period of 1993 to 1994, influenza activity caused by circulation of viruses antigenically structurally related to the strain a/beijing/32/92 (h3n2) began in the countries of north america and west europe in october-november 1993, by spreading to the countries of east europe, the urals, and west siberia. epidemic events in china and in the far east were evoked mainly by the influenza b virus. the influenza a (h1n1) viruses did not widely spread. single isolates (about 1% of all the influen ... | 1994 | 7532491 |
| analysis of epitopic residues introduced into the hybrid peptide vaccines prepared according to the cassette theory. | in our previous study, we prepared a synthetic peptide vaccine (46f/ha127-133/54a) against influenza strain a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) virus by introducing haemagglutinin (ha) 127-133 to an i-ab,b binding component that consisted of residues 43-46 and 54-58 of an i-ab,d binding peptide, 46f50v54a. this hybrid peptide vaccine induced considerable immunological responses against a/aichi/2/68 as well as against the peptide vaccine in i-ab mice. in the present study, we have attempted to increase the immun ... | 1994 | 7526571 |
| [development of synthetic peptide vaccine against influenza--t cell epitope the hemagglutinin of a/aichi/2/68(h3n2) influenza virus induced immune response in mice]. | residues 46 and 54 of a synthetic peptide composed of residues 43-58 (aegfsytdanknkgit) of pigeon cytochrome c (p43-58) function as the agretope (the site of contact between the major histocompatibility complex and the antigen) and residues 50 and 52 function as the epitope (the site of contact between the t cell receptor and the peptide antigen). 46f54a peptide which was prepared by reserving phenylalanine (f) at an agretopic position 46 but substituting asparagine (n) to alanine (a) at the oth ... | 1994 | 7525436 |
| alteration in the antigenic structure of m1 protein of influenza a virus mutant resistant to a new antiviral compound mopyridone. | using 14 monoclonal antibodies (moabs) in solid-phase elisa it was found that influenza virus a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) mutants resistant to the antiviral compound mopyridone as compared to the mopyridone-sensitive mutant manifested significant changes in the antigenic structure (sites 1a, 2 and 3) of m1 protein. no differences in m1 were found between rimantadine-resistant and rimantadine-sensitive mutants of influenza virus a(h3n2). | 1994 | 7520664 |
| sialoglycoproteins that bind influenza a virus and resist viral neuraminidase in different animal sera. | sialoglycoproteins that are resistant to degradation by viral neuraminidase can effectively neutralize influenza a viruses, because they bind irreversibly to the viruses. to detect such proteins in animal sera, we developed an immunochemical assay based on western blotting techniques. we assessed the binding activity of sialoglycoproteins in sera from nine different animals toward the a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) and a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) strains of influenza virus, with or without viral and bacterial neurami ... | 1994 | 7517433 |
| increased immunogenicity of inactivated influenza virus vaccine containing purified surface antigen compared with whole virus in elderly women. | thirty-eight elderly female subjects (aged 80 +/- 7 years, mean +/- standard deviation) were randomized to immunization with trivalent inactivated influenza virus vaccine containing either purified surface antigen (n = 18) or whole virus (n = 20) components from a/texas/36/91 (h1n1), a/beijing/353/89 (h3n2), and b/panama/45/90 strains. humoral and cellular immune responses were assessed by measuring serum hemagglutination inhibition antibodies and cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) activity at 0 and 3 ... | 1994 | 7496915 |
| immunogenicity of influenza a virus n2 neuraminidase produced in insect larvae by baculovirus recombinants. | influenza a virus neuraminidase (na) from a/udorn/72 (h3n2) was expressed by recombinant baculovirus-infected insects. the recombinant na was enzymatically active. enzyme activity was neutralized by polyclonal antisera raised against virion-extracted na. na produced in whole insects by a baculovirus expression system is antigenically indistinguishable from virion na by polyclonal antisera in functional assays (ni) and in elisa, and is highly immunogenic without adjuvant. it is equivalent in immu ... | 1995 | 7483807 |
| [influenza. sero-epidemiological supervision of the alitalia airline personnel (1978-1979)]. | from the autumn 1978 to the spring 1979 an epidemiological inquiry was set up concerning samplings of sera of 1648 adult of different ages and of both sexes. it was noticed a contemporaneous presence of a/texas/1/77(h3n2) and a/ussr/90/77(h1n1) viruses; it was found a larger frequency of the last subtype in the individuals born after 1957. during the winter 1978/1979 it was also noticed an overlap of b influenza virus. | 1980 | 7465100 |
| defective interfering influenza viruses and host cells: establishment and maintenance of persistent influenza virus infection in mdbk and hela cells. | wsn (h0n1) influenza virus upon undiluted passages in different species of cells, namely, bovine kidney (mdbk), chicken embryo (cef), and hela cells, produced a varying amount of defective interfering (di) virus which correlated well with the ability of the species of cell to produce infectious virus. however, the nature of the influenza di viral rna produced from a single clonal stock was essentially identical in all three cells types, suggesting that these cells do not exert a great selective ... | 1980 | 7463559 |
| studies with a cold-recombinant a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) virus. ii. evaluation in adult volunteers. | a cold-recombinant influenza a virus, cr 22, derived from a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2) cold-adapted virus and a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) wild-type virus, was tested in adult volunteers. cr 22 induced only low-grade clinical reactions in volunteers who had low titers of serum antibodies. virus could be reisolated from about one-third of the volunteers, but only at low titers. no revertant viruses were found, and there was no evidence for transmission of virus to unvaccinated volunteers housed in the close ... | 1980 | 7462697 |
| studies with a cold-recombinant a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) virus. i. biologic, genetic, and biochemical characterization. | a cold-recombinant virus cr 22, was derived from an attenuated cold-adapted parent strain. a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2), and a wild-type parent strain, a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2). antigenic analysis showed that cr 22 possesses the hemagglutinin and neruaminidase surface antigens derived from the a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) parent. from studies of virus-induced polypeptides using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, it was deduced that a polymerase protein, p1, is coded and by an rna segment derived from the wi ... | 1980 | 7462696 |
| protection of infants from infection with influenza a virus by transplacentally acquired antibody. | transplacentally acquired antibody to influenza a virus was measured by a microneutralization test and a radioimmunoprecipitation assay in cord blood obtained from infants at a large urban county hospital in 1975-1978. random samples tested before epidemic periods were a measure of susceptibility of the population. twenty-six infants from whom cord sera were available had culture-documented infections with influenza a/victoria (h3n2) virus when younger than four months. the direct correlation be ... | 1980 | 7462695 |
| strain specificity of serum antibody to the haemagglutinin of influenza a (h3n2) viruses in children following immunization or natural infection. | the specificity of serum anti-ha antibody from children immunized or infected with a/victoria/75 (h3n2 or a/texas/77 (h3n2) virus was examined using the single radial haemolysis test together with adsorption of antibody with three antigenic variants a/hong kong/68 (h3n2), a/port chalmers/73 (h3n2) and a/victoria/75 (h3n2). the majority of young children reacted to vaccination or infection by producing strain-specific (ss) antibody to the homologous virus. a small proportion of children's sera co ... | 1981 | 7462596 |
| a study of excess mortality during influenza epidemics in the united states, 1968-1976. | the effect of epidemics of influenza a on mortality in the united states was assessed by studying the monthly numbers of deaths during the years 1968-1976. deaths from all causes at all ages and among persons aged 65 and over, and also deaths from acute respiratory diseases, and from cardiovascular causes were studied. deaths from acute respiratory diseases were closely correlated with those from influenza and were taken to be an indication of the severity of influenza outbreaks. this indicator ... | 1981 | 7457477 |
| differing virulence of h1n1 and h3n2 influenza strains. | sequential influenza a/texas/77 (h3n2) and a/ussr/77 (h1n1) epidemics occurred during the winter of 1977-1978 in two populations under viral surveillance for influenza. in college students who reported to the vanderbilt student health service, roughly equivalent amounts of typical influenzal disease were documented by virus isolation and total health service visits with both strains. however, considering that the college population was fully susceptible to the first introduction of h1n1 virus in ... | 1980 | 7457472 |
| enhancement of activity against influenza viruses by combinations of antiviral agents. | in an investigation of alternative therapeutic approaches for the treatment of influenza virus infections, the antiviral activities of rimantadine hydrochloride, amantadine hydrochloride, ribavirin, and combinations of these drugs were assessed in vitro. madin-darby canine kidney cell monolayers were inoculated with recent isolates of influenza viruses at low multiplicities of infection, and virus titers were determined after 24 h. the combination of rimantadine and ribavirin resulted in an enha ... | 1980 | 7447417 |
| correlation between antibody titers to influenza a virus subtypes h1n1 and h3n2 as measured by hemagglutination-inhibition and hemolysis-in-gel tests. | 1980 | 7441011 | |
| duck influenza lacking evidence of disease signs and immune response. | influenza viruses a/duck/hokkaido/5/77 (hav7n2), a/budgerigar/hokkaido/1/77 (hav4nav1), a/kumamoto/22/76 (h3n2), a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2), and a/new jersey/8/76 (hsw1n1) were experimentally inoculated into pekin ducks. of these, the influenza viruses of duck and budgerigar origin replicated in the intestinal tract of the ducks. the infected ducks shed the virus in the feces to high titers, but did not show clinical signs of disease and scarcely produced detectable serum antibodies. using immunofluore ... | 1980 | 7439994 |
| relationship between surface antigens of two variants of influenza a (h3n2) virus, as revealed by hemagglutination inhibition, kinetic neutralization, and neuraminidase inhibition. | rabbit antisera were raised against plaque-purified influenza virus strains of a/victoria/75 and a/texas/77 isolated from seattle influenza patients. the antigenic specificity of hemagglutinins was compared by hemagglutination inhibition (hi) and kinetic neutralization tests. anti-a/victoria/75 had equally high hi titers and neutralization rate constants (kappa values) for a/victoria/75 and a/texas/77. in contrast, anti-a/texas/77 had a high hi titer and kappa value to a/texas/77 and a low hi ti ... | 1980 | 7439992 |
| production of an attenuated influenza a (h3n2) strain "ko-1" by recombination with a/okuda/57 (h2n2) followed by selection of inhibitor-resistant virus. | a live attenuated influenza a (h3n2) strain "ko-1" was developed by recombination of wild influenza a/kumamoto/22/76 (h3n2) with attenuated a/okuda/57 (h2n2) followed by passage in developing chick eggs in the presence of horse serum inhibitor. the virus strain "ko-1" obtained is inhibitor-resistant, and has hemagglutinating (ha) and neuraminidase (na) antigenicity derived from the wild parent virus. rna analysis revealed that one rna segment (corresponding to m protein) was derived from the a/o ... | 1980 | 7437002 |
| [comparative study of the proteins of influenza virus type a nucleoproteins]. | a comparative study of protein of nucleoproteins (np-protein) of influenza a viruses by peptide mapping shows its variability to be small within one drifting series and quite marked in strains belonging to different sero-types. in oligopeptide maps of np-proteins of viruses of the hong kong (h3n2) series there is a typical group of spots differing them from oligopeptide maps of np-proteins of viruses of other serotypes, particularly of the preceeding serotype h2n2 and the viruses related by hema ... | 1980 | 7434735 |
| influenza vaccination of elderly persons. reduction in pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations and deaths. | effectiveness of influenza vaccination in reducing pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations and deaths among elderly members of a prepaid health plan was analyzed retrospectively. two epidemics caused by the h3n2 subtype of type a influenza were studied. vaccine derived from the h2n2 subtype of influenza a virus failed to protect against the hong kong (h3n2) virus during the 1968-1969 epidemic. vaccine derived from the a/hong kong/68 (h3n2) virus yielded an estimated 72% (31% to 100%) reduction ... | 1980 | 7431593 |
| further studies of the neuraminidase content of inactivated influenza vaccines and the neuraminidase antibody responses after vaccination of immunologically primed and unprimed populations. | purified concentrates of influenza a/ussr/90/77(h1n1)-like, a/texas/1/77 (h3n2)-like, and b/hong kong/5/72-like viruses used for preparation of investigational and licensed vaccines in 1978 to 1979 were tested for their content of neuraminidase enzyme activity. concentrates of h1n1 virus used to prepare vaccines for clinical investigations performed in the spring of 1978 had neuraminidase activity at that time which decreased during storage to almost undetectable levels (three lots) or by 50% (o ... | 1980 | 7429641 |
| a study of live influenza virus vaccine in patients with chronic bronchitis. report to medical research council's committee on influenza and other respiratory virus vaccines. advisory group on pulmonary function tests in relation to live influenza virus vaccines. | a multicentre study of the effects of influenza virus rit 4050 (h3n2) in patients with chronic bronchitis was conducted by members of an mrc committee. the results showed that rit 4050 vaccine virus did not cause a deterioration in clinical or physiological status in these patients within the limitation of the relatively reproducible ventilatory tests which were employed. this conclusion applied equally to those who were inoculated and became infected and to those who failed to develop serologic ... | 1980 | 7426351 |
| temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza a virus. transfer of the two ts-1a2 ts lesions present in the udorn/72-ts-1a2 donor virus to the influenza a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2) wild type virus. | the udorn/72-ts-1a2 temperature-sensitive influenza a virus has a 37 degrees c shutoff temperature and a ts mutation on the genes coding for the p1 and p3 proteins. this ts donor virus was produced with the expectation that the transfer of its two ts genes would regularly and predictably attenuate each new variant of influenza a virus. it had previously been mated with the a/victoria/75 (h3n2) virus and five vic/75-ts-1a2 rcombinants were isolated that had both ts-1a2 ts genes and in vitro and i ... | 1980 | 7425858 |
| temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza a virus: evaluation of the alaska/77-ts-1a2 temperature-sensitive recombinant virus in seronegative adult volunteers. | an influenza a virus recombinant bearing the surface antigens of the a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2) wild type virus ands the two ts genes of the a/udorn/72-ts-1a2 (h3n2) virus was evaluated for attenuation, antigenicity, and transmissibility in 28 adult volunteers all of whom possessed a preinoculation serum hemagglutination-inhibiting (hai) antibody titer of less than or equal to 1:8 and 18 of whom also possessed a serum neuraminidase-inhibiting (ni) antibody titer of less than or equal to 1:4. the alask ... | 1980 | 7425857 |
| [study results of the comprehensive influenza prevention with vaccines and remantadine during the influenza a(h1n1) outbreak in 1979]. | during an outbreak of influenza in april, 1979, caused by a (h1n1) virus the protective effect of remantadine in combination with vaccinations using a national-made live a (h3n2) and inactivated a (h1n1) and b vaccines was studied. the best protective effect was achieved in the subjects vaccinated with influenza vaccines and given remantadine for urgent prophylaxis. vaccination prophylaxis reduced the incidence of influenza and ard 1.4-fold, prophylaxis with remantadine alone 2.3-fold. | 1980 | 7423970 |
| electrophoretic migration rate differences of polypeptides of human influenza a viruses: partial analysis of the genome of influenza vaccine recombinant viruses. | electrophoretic migration rate differences were detected in high resolution sds polyacrylamide gels for nucleoprotein (np), matrix protein (m), non structural protein (ns1), haemagglutinin (ha) annd, less regularly, for the polymerase polypeptides p1, p2 and p3 induced by different influenza a viruses. the technique allowed parental assignation of the corresponding genes in certain recombinant viruses including a/pr/8/34 (h0n1)--a/hk/117/77 (h1n1), a/okuda/57 (h2n2)--a/hk/119/77 (h1n1) and a/len ... | 1980 | 7416971 |
| antibody response to influenza a/new jersey and a/victoria virus vaccines in 1976 and subsequent antibody levels after influenza a epidemics, 1977-1979. | antibody levels before and after vaccination were studied among schoolchildren and young adults given commercial a/new jersey/76 (hswn1), a/victoria/75 (h3n2), and b/hong kong/72 vaccines in the fall of 1976. children responded better to a single dose of the a/new jersey subvirion vaccine than had previously been observed, particularly to a new subvirion vaccine. hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titers decreased during the first six months after vaccination but appeared stable thereafter. pe ... | 1980 | 7410896 |
| [features of strains of a(h3n2) influenza virus isolated during the 3 epidemics of kiev in 1972-7976]. | 1980 | 7402112 | |
| naturally occurring temperature-sensitive influenza a viruses of the h1n1 and h3n2 subtypes. | seventeen of twenty-six influenza a virus isolates of the h1n1 antigenic subtype and two of eleven h3n2 virus isolates from the 1977-78 season exhibited a ts phenotype, were restricted in plaquing in mdck cells at 38.5 degrees c compared to 34 degrees c and appeared to be naturally occurring ts mutants. the cut-off temperature for two such ts h1n1 virus isolates was established as 38 degrees c. the ts viruses were as thermostable as non-ts isolates and no complementation was detected between the ... | 1980 | 7400776 |
| temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza a virus: transfer of the two temperature-sensitive lesions in the udorn/72-ts-1a2 virus to the a2hong kong/123/77 (h1n1) wild-type virus. | the influenza a/udorn/72-ts-1a2 virus possesses temperature-sensitive mutations in the genes coding for the p1 and p3 polymerase proteins. it is being evaluated as a donor of its attenuating temperature-sensitive genes to produce recombinant live vaccine strains of epidemic variants of influenza a virus. transfer of the p1 and p3 genes to two viruses within the h3n2 subtype of influenza a virus (i.e., the a/victoria/3/75 and a/alaska/6/77 viruses) conferred on each variant the following properti ... | 1980 | 7399695 |
| human trials with wild-type h1n1 and recombinant h3n2-h1n1 influenza a viruses of 1977-1978. | a series of trials was conducted in which wild-type a/ussr/90/77 (h1n1) influenza a virus and a few of its antigenic variants were inoculated into volunteers. infections readily occurred in people of all ages who had initial low antibody titers, but clinical effects were generally mild in comparison with those of the previously tested subtypes, h0n1, h1n1, h2n2, h3n2. there was, however, an inverse relationship between severity of symptoms and age of volunteers, although the incidence of virus e ... | 1980 | 7399693 |
| influenza a antibodies in cervine animals. | in the haemagglutination inhibition (hi) test, 20 cervine sera, most of which came from northern germany, were treated with receptor destroying enzyme (rde) and 11 sera were found to contain antibodies against the h1n1 (a/ussr 90/77) and h3n2 (a/victoria 13/75, a/texas 1/77) influenza viruses. only two sera contained antibodies against h3n2 viruses, and seven sera were negative. evidence of the specificity of influenza antibodies was provided by the following findings: 1) the igg serum extracts ... | 1980 | 7390623 |
| [biological relations of selected influenza virus strains adapted to mouse lungs. i. h3n2 influenza virus study]. | 1980 | 7340409 | |
| [cross protection in mice immunized with different anti-influenza preparations]. | observations in white mice demonstrated the development of resistance to influenza type a virus (h3n2 and h0n1) after vaccination against influenza a (h1n1). the most marked cross protection between these serotypes developed after combined use of inactivated and live moderately attenuated vaccines. the resistance to the homologous influenza a (h1n1) virus after vaccination with different influenza vaccines used by various schedules was approximately similar. the role of common antigens and cellu ... | 1981 | 7336695 |
| [grouping of the ns1 nonstructural proteins of influenza a viruses]. | peptide mapping was used for comparative analysis of nonstructural proteins (ns1) of 21 strains of human and animal influenza a viruses. at least 4 groups of ns1 proteins could be distinguished by the analysis of the peptide maps; we designated these groups as 0, 1, 2, and 3. group o includes ns1 proteins of human influenza virus serotype hon1, group 1 - ns1 proteins of viruses of serotypes h1n1 and h2n2, group 2 - ns1 proteins of viruses of serotype h3n2. ns1 proteins of avian influenza viruses ... | 1981 | 7336689 |
| [results of a study of collective immunity to influenza a virus (h1n1) from 1976 to 1980]. | the time course of the levels of circulating antihemagglutinins to influenza a (h1n1) virus in the populations of the towns in different geographical zones of the ussr was shown to be similar. the intensity of herd immunity in some areas differed considerably, however. the population of older age groups most of whom had no clinically manifest diseases during the influenza a (h1n1) epidemic was shown to experience immunological changes upon exposure to this agent. the intensity and the rate of ch ... | 1981 | 7336683 |
| [comparative study of the polypeptide composition of influenza a viruses sensitive and resistant to remantadine]. | the polypeptide composition of influenza a fpv (hav1n1) and a/texas/1/77 (h3n2) viruses which had acquired resistance to remantadine after serial passages in cell cultures in the presence of the drug was studied. it was found that in parallel with the acquired resistance to remantadine the molecular weight of the heavy chain of hemagglutinin changed only in the course of cell culture passages. the influenza a/texas/1/77 virus passaged in chick embryos in the presence of remantadine exhibited no ... | 1981 | 7336680 |
| comparative immunogenicity of live influenza viruses and their solubilized neuraminidases: results of mouse protection experiments. | antigenicity and immunogenicity of three influenza virus strains a/pr/8/34 (h1n1). a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) and a/port chalmers/1/73 (h-3h2) were assayed comparatively with their corresponding neuraminidase isolated by proteolysis, and with the recombinant virus x-42 (heq1 n2). it was concluded that intranasal immunization of mice with live virus induced heterologous immunity. except in homologous neuraminidase-vaccinated mice, the subunit always was shown less effective and demonstrated a signif ... | 1981 | 7332493 |
| growth of avian and human influenza viruses in organ cultures of duck and chicken colons. | colons from ducks and chicken 1, 7, 14 and 28 days old maintained near-normal morphology up to 48 and 96 hours respectively in a system using nctc135 medium (a part) + dulbecco's modified eagle's medium (9 parts ), at 37 degrees c and 95 per cent o2/5 per cent co2. in the colon of 1 and 28 day-old ducks, duck influenza virus (hav7n2) and budgerigar influenza virus (hav4nav1) grew to peak titer by hour 72, whereas human influenza virus (h3n2) did not grow. in the colon of 1 day-old chicken, the t ... | 1981 | 7332490 |
| [epidemiological characteristics of influenza caused by the a(h3n2) virus in moldavia between 1969 and 1980]. | 1981 | 7330563 | |
| [role of mutations and recombinations in the epidemiology of influenza]. | influenza virus demonstrates several levels of antigenic variations, drifts and shifts, which help it to escape to herd immunity pressures. recent examples show the importance of such variations in the succession and continuity of epidemiological manifestations. during the last few years, simultaneous circulation of several subtypes of influenza a was observed while in the past, one subtype was replacing the other. thus in 1981, for the only subtype h3n2, a/texas, a/bangkok and a/intermediate te ... | 1981 | 7316613 |
| isolation and serological characterization of influenza a virus from a pig in thailand. | a hemagglutinating agent was isolated from a pig in thailand in 1978 during the early febrile stage of an influenza-like illness and identified as influenza a virus. the isolate contained hemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens that were antigenically indistinguishable from those of a/tokyo/6/73 (h3n2), a port chalmers-like strain isolated in japan. serological tests also indicated that prevalence of h3n2 virus in the swine population in thailand. | 1981 | 7311111 |
| intratypic electrophoretic variation of structural and non-structural polypeptides of human influenza a viruses. | intratypic electrophoretic mobility differences in high resolution sds-polyacrylamide gels were detected between corresponding matrix (m) proteins, nucleoproteins (np), haemagglutinin (ha) and the non-structural polypeptides ns1 and ns2 induced in vero cells by human influenza a viruses of the antigenic subtypes h1n1 and h3n2. such phenotypic differences were distinguishable in both h1n1 and h3n2 viruses isolated in single school and city outbreaks. additional intratypic variation was detected i ... | 1981 | 7310381 |
| study of recombinants derived from autochthonous influenza virus type a strains. | simultaneous inoculation of chick embryos with a standard laboratory influenza virus--a/pr8/34 (h0n1)--and with an autochthonous epidemic strain--belonging to the antigenic subtype a(h1n1) of a(h3n2), respectively--resulted in the isolation of two genetic recombinants, designated r1ivn (h1n1) and r2ivn (h3n2). each recombinant was antigenically identical to its wild-type parent and exhibited a hemagglutinating titer in chick embryos about 4-fold greater than that of the autochthonous parental st ... | 1981 | 7303494 |
| in vitro production of anti-influenza virus antibody after intranasal inoculation with cold-adapted influenza virus. | we have studied the production of anti-influenza virus antibody in vitro by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) obtained from 7 normal volunteers at various times after intranasal inoculation with cold-adapted a/alaska/6/77 [h3n2] influenza virus. antibody released into culture supernatants was assayed by a 2-step enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). cells obtained 6 days after intranasal inoculation spontaneously released both igg and iga anti-influenza antibody; this antibody produ ... | 1981 | 7299119 |
| differential distribution of virus and histological damage in the lower respiratory tract of ferrets infected with influenza viruses of differing virulence. | the distribution of four strains of influenza virus [a/pr/8/34 (h0n1) and clone 64d (attenuated for ferrets) and clones 64c and 7a (virulent for ferrets) of the recombinant virus a/pr/8/34--a/england/939/69 (h3n2)] in the lower respiratory tract (trachea, bronchi and the hilar, intermediate and outer alveolar zones of the lung) of ferrets was monitored daily for 4 days after intranasal inoculation. on day 1, some animals had high virus titres in all the tissues but in other animals virus was und ... | 1981 | 7288401 |
| frequency of naturally occurring antibody to influenza virus antigenic variants selected in vitro with monoclonal antibody. | antigenic variants of a/texas/77 (h3n2) virus were selected in vitro using monoclonal antibody to virus haemagglutinin (ha). the antigenic variants and parental a/texas/77 viruses were used to to evaluate the frequency of anti-ha antibodies in the sera of children and adults using single-radial-haemolysis (srh) tests. twenty to 41% of selected sera from adults, which contained antibody to the parental a/texas/77 virus, failed to react with the different antigenic mutant viruses. a higher proport ... | 1981 | 7288173 |
| a murine model for assessment of living attenuated influenza a vaccines. | the laboratory mouse was evaluated as a model to assess the genetic stability of influenza a mutants of potential use as living vaccine strains. the growth of three mutant recombinants, a/hong kong/68-ts-1e (h3n2), a/hk/123/77x-ts-1a2 (h1n1) and a2/aa/6/60-ca(h2n2) was studied in 15 g mice. yields of ts-1e from both lungs and turbinates were ten-fold less than that of a control virus with the same surface antigens. all ts-1e isolates showed evidence of loss of ts phenotype. ts-1a2 and ca recombi ... | 1980 | 7271601 |
| principles of selective inactivation of viral genome. i. uv-induced inactivation of influenza virus. | photosensitivity of infectious, haemagglutinating and neuraminidase activities of influenza virus has been determined experimentally. the photosensitivity of infectious activity of type b (strain hongkong/8/73) influenza virus ws found to be higher than that of type a strains nib-4 (n3n2-3), leningrad/399/76 (h3n2-3) and nib-6 (h1n1). the data obtained may be used for the determination of conditions of uv-irradiation for preparation of uv-inactivated antiviral vaccines. | 1981 | 7271457 |
| [comparative characteristics of influenza type a infection in adults and children during epidemics and interepidemic periods]. | parallel serological examinations by cft and hi test of paired sera from 18,557 patients and normal subjects in the period of influenza a/hong kong (h3n2) subtype virus in 1969-1976 revealed similar sensitivity of both methods for influenza diagnosis during epidemics, however in the interepidemic periods in these years the cft was found to be more sensitive than hi. this observation referred to all age groups of the examined subjects with manifest or asymptomatic forms of influenza infection. in ... | 1981 | 7269525 |
| inactivated chromatographic influenza vaccine. | the characteristics of laboratory parameters of inactivated whole influenza virus vaccine, obtained by the purification of allantoic virus cultures on macroporous glass, are presented. the vaccine is characterized by small reactogenicity and safety, which allows it to be used in both adolescents and adults. seroconversions to hemagglutinin have been found in 80--95% of individuals vaccinated once during the test vaccination by the preparation containing various strains of influenza a/h3n2/virus. ... | 1981 | 7266085 |
| [grouping of influenza a virus np proteins]. | a comparative study of influenza a virus np proteins was carried out using peptide mapping. thirty-five strains of all main serotypes of human and animal viruses were tested. the greatest diversity was found in np proteins of human influenza viruses belonging to different serotypes, while within serotypes the variability is less pronounced. four main groups of np proteins were distinguished and designated np0, np1, np2, and np3. the np0 group includes proteins of viruses of hon1 serotype, np pro ... | 1981 | 7257320 |
| conservation of the influenza virus membrane protein (m1) amino acid sequence and an open reading frame of rna segment 7 encoding a second protein (m2) in h1n1 and h3n2 strains. | 1981 | 7257189 | |
| evaluation of a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2) cold-adapted recombinant viruses derived from a/ann arbor/6/60 cold-adapted donor virus in adult seronegative volunteers. | the influenza a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2) cold-adapted (ca) virus was evaluated as a donor of attenuating genes to new variants of influenza a virus. this ca donor virus was mated with the a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2) wild-type virus, and three a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2) ca recombinant viruses were produced. the parental origin of the genes in the three ca recombinants had been determined previously (2), and their virulence for adult seronegative volunteers was assessed in the present study to identify the genes ... | 1981 | 7251144 |
| investigations on the risk of virus infection in dental surgery. preliminary data. | four virus strains -- influenza a/texas 1/77 (h3n2) an a/ussr 90/77 (h1n1), adenovirus and parainfluenza type 2 -- were isolated from different specimens collected in dental surgery rooms. high levels of antibodies to respiratory viruses (influenza, parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3), adeno-, cytomegalic and herpes viruses, as well as the presence of hbsag and anti-hbs could be detected in sera from patients hospitalized for dento-maxillofacial surgery. an epidemiological survey among dentists and dental ... | 1981 | 7245605 |
| sequence of dna complementary to a small rna segment of influenza virus a/nt/60/68. | a small rna segment from the influenza virus strain a/nt/60/68 (h3n2) was converted to cdna and then to double-stranded dna using synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide primers. the double-stranded form was cloned into the bacteriophage m1 3mp7. clones yielding single-strand recombinant templates in opposite orientation were sequenced by the sanger dideoxynucleotide chain termination technique. the small viral rna was 422 nucleotides long and the evidence indicated that it was formed by internal deletio ... | 1981 | 7243594 |
| [epidemic of influenza in antananarivo (with isolation of virus a/texas/77 (h3n2))]. | 1980 | 7235771 | |
| influenza and corona-virus antibodies in the newborns and their mothers in mali (1980). | in february 1980 blood samples from 91 women and their newborn babies (cord blood) from mali have been analysed for influenza and corona oc 43 hi antibodies. the titers of influenza hi antibodies were higher in blood samples collected from the mothers at delivery than in their newborns. considering the gmt values and percentage of persons with protective titers (greater than or equal to 1:40) we may assume that influenza a (h3n2) viruses had been highly active in mali. influenza a (h1n1) and b a ... | 1980 | 7233536 |
| outcome of influenza infection: effect of site of initial infection and heterotypic immunity. | an infection established throughout the total respiratory tract of mice with a highly lung adapted influenza virus (h0n1) led to death from viral pneumonia. the 50% lethal dose (ld(50)) was approximately the same as the 50% infectious dose (id(50)). an infection with the same virus initiated in the nasal mucosa spread to the trachea and lungs over a 3- to 5-day period but was not lethal except at very high infecting doses. the ld(50) was 30,000 times the id(50). mice that had recovered from a pr ... | 1980 | 7216433 |
| evaluation of influenza a/hong kong/123/77 (h1n1) ts-1a2 and cold-adapted recombinant viruses in seronegative adult volunteers. | two attenuated influenza a donor viruses, the a/udorn/72 ts-1a2 and the a/ann arbor/6/60 cold-adapted (ca) viruses, are being evaluated for their ability to reproducibly attenuate each new variant of influenza a virus to a specific and desired level by the transfer of one or more attenuating genes. each of these donor viruses has been able to attenuate influenza a viruses belonging to the h3n2 subtype by the transfer of one or more attenuating genes. to determine whether these two donor viruses ... | 1980 | 7216417 |
| neuraminidase from influenza virus a (h3n2): specificity towards several substrates and procedure of activity determination. | neuraminidase (acylneuraminyl hydrolase, ec 3.2.1.18) from the influenza virus a/hong kong/68 (h3n2) was purified after treatment of the purified virus with sarcosyl (sodium laurylsarcosinate), centrifugation at 110 000 x g, and chromatography on deae-sephadex and sephadex g-200. it migrated as a single component during electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel, and its molecular weight was estimated about 270 000. the enzyme was thermolabile, the activity being reduced to 60% in 10 min at 50 degree ... | 1980 | 7213637 |
| serologic responses to nonprevalent influenza a viruses during intercyclic periods. | sera collected at different times in the course of the tecumseh study of respiratory illness have been tested for the presence of antibodies to a variety of nonprevalent human and animal type a influenza viruses. in sera collected during the 1966-1968 period of h2n2 prevalence, rises in antibody titer were detected against the h3 antigen. the frequency of these rises in titer increased gradually and significantly as the time of emergence of the h3n2 virus approached. occasional rises in hsw1 ant ... | 1981 | 7193408 |
| demonstration of influenza virus reproduction stages sensitive to remantadine. | the antiviral action of remantadine was studied in bovine embryo kidney cells infected with influenza virus a/victoria 35/72(h3n2-3). the drug was administered at different stages of influenza virus reproduction. remantadine at a concentration of 50 micrograms/ml did not inhibit the activities of nuclear dna-dependent rna polymerase and of virion and virus-induced polymerases. remantadine was found to inhibit the synthesis of influenza virus rna at the stages of transcription and replication. | 1980 | 7189620 |
| [neuraminidase of influenza virus]. | neuraminidase or sialidase (ec 3.2.1.18, acylneuraminyl hydrolase) from a strain of the influenza virus a (h3n2), identical to the a/hong kong/68 (h3n2) strain, has been purified and characterized by electrofocusing; only about 20% of the previous enzymic activity was lost after electrofocusing. the enzyme activity was measured by the peryodate-thiobarbiturate procedure, by the methoxyphenol-antipyrine method, and by spectrophotometry at 340 nm of the nadh produced in the oxidation of the beta-g ... | 1982 | 7146596 |
| oligopeptide mapping of np proteins of influenza a viruses. | oligopeptide mapping of nucleoproteins (np proteins) of 54 strains of influenza a virus showed the presence of both common and individual oligopeptides. using the distribution of variable oligopeptides as the criterion, np proteins were subdivided into four groups (np0, np1, np2 and np3). the np0 group is composed of h0n1 influenza viruses and the majority of animal influenza viruses. the np1 group contains h1n1 (except a/california/78) and h2n2 influenza viruses isolated from man as well as h1n ... | 1982 | 7142966 |
| live influenza a/victoria/75 (h3n2) virus vaccines: reactogenicity, immunogenicity, and protection against wild-type virus challenge. | four live influenza a/victoria/75 (h3n2) recombinant virus vaccines were administered intranasally to a total of 50 volunteers who had little or no detectable serum neutralizing antibody. a recombinant with ts-1[e] having a 38 degrees c shut-off temperature caused febrile reactions or systemic reactions or both in 21% of the volunteers, but one with ts-1a2 having a 37 degrees c shut-off temperature caused no illness. two recombinants prepared with cold-adapted a/ann arbor/6/60 caused 9% febrile ... | 1982 | 7141686 |
| [variability of the virulent properties of influenza a viruses in recombination]. | the pattern of redistribution of human virulence in epidemic strains of influenza viruses in recombination with human avirulent strains was studied. in the course of recombination of epidemic and attenuated influenza virus strains variants with different human virulence were obtained. some recombinants manifested enforced reactogenic properties as compared with the epidemic strain (x/28, m/35, and 0/26--h1n1, and 2p--h3n2). at the same time, recombinants no 19 (h1n1) and 1p (h3n2) with a similar ... | 1982 | 7135925 |
| cellular response in humans following vaccination with gripax influenza virus. | cellular response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to influenza antigens was measured in a group of young nurse-student volunteers (17-24 years old), following vaccination with a formol-inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine (gripax). cord blood lymphocytes (controls) did not react with any of the antigens. this excluded the possibility of any nonspecific mitogenicity of viral antigens. viability of the cells was indicated by their responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin (pha). prior to immunizatio ... | 1982 | 7130968 |
| virulence of avian influenza a viruses for squirrel monkeys. | ten serologically distinct avian influenza a viruses were administered to squirrel monkeys and hamsters to compare their replication and virulence with those of human influenza a virus, a/udorn/307/72 (h3n2). in squirrel monkeys, the 10 avian influenza a viruses exhibited a spectrum of replication and virulence. the levels of virus replication and clinical response were closely correlated. two viruses, a/mallard/ny/6874/78 (h3n2) and a/pintail/alb/121/79 (h7n8), resembled the human virus in thei ... | 1982 | 7129631 |
| [retrospective identification of time of isolation of variants of a/bangkok/1/79 and a/beijing/2/79 group of h3n2 influenza virus]. | 1982 | 7128321 | |
| [antibody response to an anti-influenza vaccine of inactivated whole virus, titrated in micrograms, used in the 1980/81 season]. | antibody response of 68 healthy young-adult volunteers to a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2), a/brazil/11/78 (h1n1), b/singapore/222/79 trivalent anti-influenza virus vaccine was studied by haemagglutination inhibition and single radial haemolysis techniques. the results of this study indicate that immunogenicity of the individual components of the vaccine (10 micrograms each) varied significantly, the highest frequence of antibody response occurring for a/brazil influenza virus strain and the lowest for b/s ... | 1982 | 7126343 |
| [antibody response to trivalent anti-influenza vaccination (inactivated virus) a/texas/1/77 h3n2), a/urss/90/77 (h1n1), b/hong kong/8/73]. | seventy-five young recruits received an intramuscular dose of anti-influenza virus vaccine containing 300 u.i. of a/texas/1/77 (h3n2), a/urss/90/77 (h1n1), b/hong kong/8/73 strains. antibody responses were detected by hi and srh tests: immunogenicity of the preparation was different for the individual vaccine strain in spite of the similar amount of antigenic content, and the immunity conferred by vaccine strains did not significantly extend to new influenza virus strains which prevailed in 1979 ... | 1982 | 7126342 |
| influenzavirus infections in seattle families, 1975-1979. i. study design, methods and the occurrence of infections by time and age. | intensive surveillance of seattle, washington, families with school-age children for influenzavirus infections during 1975-1979 encompassed 639 family- and 2732 person-seasons of observation, covering four influenzavirus epidemic seasons: type b (1975-1979), type a/h3n2 (1975-1976 and 1977-1978) and type a/h1n1 (1978-1979). late spring "herald" waves of infection occurred in 1977 (a/h3n2), 1978 (a/h1n1) and 1979 (type b), the latter presaging an epidemic in 1979-1980. out-of-season infections, r ... | 1982 | 7114033 |
| anti-influenza a virus activity of amantadine hydrochloride and rimantadine hydrochloride in ferret tracheal ciliated epithelium. | the activities and toxicities of amantadine hydrochloride and rimantadine hydrochloride against influenza a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2) and a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2) viruses were compared in organ cultures and ferret tracheal ciliated epithelium. pretreatment of cultures with concentrations (0.5 and 1 micrograms/ml) comparable to those found in human serum after oral administration of amantadine revealed that rimantadine produced significantly longer protection than amantadine against virus-induced cytopathi ... | 1982 | 7103458 |
| the possible origin of h3n2 influenza virus. | 1982 | 7101733 | |
| identification of naturally occurring temperature-sensitive strains of influenza a virus and location of their genetic lesions. | influenza a viruses of different subtypes isolated in different years and from different parts of china were examined for temperature-sensitiveness (ts) in their early egg passages. the validity of ts character has been confirmed by the results of parallel tests in chick embryos and in cell cultures. from 12 strains of the old h1n1 subtype isolated between 1949 and 1957, no ts strain was detected. two out of 6 strains of new h1n1 isolated after february 1979 were found to be ts. for the h3n2 sub ... | 1982 | 7100902 |
| influenza virus replication in human alveolar macrophages. | studies with animal models suggest that alveolar macrophages may be important cells in some respiratory virus infections, but little is known about the role of these cells in virus infections in man. in this study human alveolar macrophages were obtained by fibreoptic bronchoscopy and infected in vitro with a variety of influenza viruses. after infection with the nws strain of influenza virus the haemagglutinin and nucleoprotein viral antigens were demonstrated in greater than 90% of cells at 24 ... | 1982 | 7097255 |
| secretory and systemic immunological response in children infected with live attenuated influenza a virus vaccines. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure isotype-specific antibody to purified hemagglutinin (ha) of influenza a virus, using serum and nasal-wash specimens from young children undergoing primary infection with live cold-adapted influenza a/alaska/77 (h3n2) or a/hong kong/77 (h1n1) candidate vaccine virus. the serum antibody response followed the pattern expected for a primary viral infection. each of 17 vaccinated children had a serum immunoglobulin g (igg) ha antibody response, ... | 1982 | 7095844 |