Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| effect of heterosubtypic immunity on infection with attenuated influenza a virus vaccines in young children. | resistance to infection with an influenza a virus conferred by previous infection with an influenza a virus belonging to another subtype is called heterosubtypic immunity. heterosubtypic immunity is demonstrable in laboratory animals but is believed to be weak in humans. the present study examined whether heterosubtypic immunity from previous influenza virus infection induced resistance to infection with an attenuated influenza a vaccine virus. two groups of vaccinees consisting of young infants ... | 1993 | 8463393 |
| comparison of live attenuated and inactivated influenza vaccines in schoolchildren in russia: i. safety and efficacy in two moscow schools, 1987/88. | the performance of two doses of cold-adapted live attenuated vaccine versus one dose of whole-virus inactivated vaccine was compared in 8-15-year-old schoolchildren in two schools in moscow, russia, during the winter of 1987/88. both vaccines gave rise to low frequencies of associated febrile or systemic reactions, but the inactivated vaccine, delivered by jet injector, did cause small local reactions in about half of the children. immunogenicity was higher for both vaccines in antibody-free chi ... | 1993 | 8447161 |
| genetic reassortment between avian and human influenza a viruses in italian pigs. | pandemic strains of influenza a virus arise by genetic reassortment between avian and human viruses. to examine the possibility that pigs serve as "mixing vessels" for such reassortment events (scholtissek et al., virology 147, 287-294, 1985), we phylogenetically analyzed the internal protein genes of classic h1n1, avian-like h1n1, and human-like h3n2 viruses circulating among italian pigs. the results show that human-like h3n2 strains isolated from 1985 to 1989 contained the internal protein ge ... | 1993 | 8438586 |
| antibody response to a two-dose regimen of influenza vaccine in allogeneic t cell-depleted and autologous bmt recipients. | induction of protective hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibodies in response to influenza virus vaccine and the effectiveness of two doses versus a single dose of vaccine were studied in 48 bmt recipients. the patients were 1-50 years old (median 21 years), 33 with malignant and 15 with non-malignant disease. thirty-five of the patients underwent allogeneic, t lymphocyte-depleted, bmt and 13, autologous bmt. nine patients had gvhd at initial immunization. the time interval from bmt to influen ... | 1993 | 8431706 |
| human macrophage responses to vaccine strains of influenza virus: synthesis of viral proteins, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 inhibitor. | interactions between influenza viruses and human macrophages were examined to detect potential mechanisms for enhanced febrile reactions previously associated with administration of an avian-human h1n1 reassortant vaccine. cells exposed to that strain were compared with cells exposed to wild-type and cold-adapted h1h1 and h3h2 strains and an avian-human h3n2 strain. cells exposed to the avian-human h1n1 virus showed increased synthesis of viral neuraminidase, previously reported to induce fever- ... | 1993 | 8427035 |
| activation of cytokine genes in t cells during primary and secondary murine influenza pneumonia. | the patterns of cytokine mrna expression in mice with primary or secondary influenza pneumonia have been assessed by in situ hybridization analysis of cells from both the mediastinal lymph node (mln) and the virus-infected lung. evidence of substantial transcriptional activity was found in all lymphocyte subsets recovered from both anatomical sites. the kinetics of cytokine mrna expression after primary infection with an h3n2 virus were in accord with the idea that the initial response occurs in ... | 1993 | 8426116 |
| trivalent attenuated cold-adapted influenza virus vaccine: reduced viral shedding and serum antibody responses in susceptible adults. | trivalent cold-adapted recombinant (cr) influenza virus vaccines containing types a (h1n1 and h3n2) and b viruses were evaluated in two double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. susceptible adults were randomly assigned to receive the following vaccines by intranasal drops 1 month apart: two doses of trivalent vaccine, bivalent cr influenza a (bi a) vaccine followed by monovalent b (mono b) vaccine or vice versa, or two doses of placebo. all vaccines were well tolerated. shedding of each of the t ... | 1993 | 8421165 |
| oral immunization with influenza virus in biodegradable microspheres. | polymeric microspheres were evaluated as an oral antigen delivery system for immunization with influenza virus. the immune responses obtained were compared after either oral or systemic immunization of balb/c mice using purified, formalin-inactivated influenza virus type a/h3n2, either encapsulated in biodegradable and biocompatible microspheres or free in solution. the immunogenicity of formalin-treated influenza vaccine was preserved during the microencapsulation process, and the microencapsul ... | 1993 | 8418185 |
| [influenza epidemic in a nursing home caused by a virus not included in the vaccine]. | in the autumn of 1992 two-thirds of the population of a nursing home in amsterdam was vaccinated against influenza. however, in march 1993 an outbreak of an influenza like illness occurred with a morbidity rate of 49% and a mortality rate of 10%. there was sufficient serological evidence to show that the vaccine as such had induced adequate immunity. as the causative agent an influenza a/h3n2 virus was identified. the failing activity of the vaccine in this instance was apparently caused by the ... | 1993 | 8413706 |
| influenza--a model of an emerging virus disease. | influenza a viruses continue to emerge from the aquatic avian reservoir and cause pandemics. phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequence of all eight influenza a virus rna segments indicate that all of the influenza viruses in mammalian hosts originate from the avian gene pool. in contrast to the rapid progressive changes in both the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of mammalian virus gene lineages, avian virus genes show far less variation and, in most cases, appear to be in evolutionar ... | 1993 | 8407243 |
| concurrent antigenic analysis of recent epidemic influenza a and b viruses and quantitation of antibodies in population serosurveys in italy. | laboratory investigations of virus isolation and serum antibodies in a mediterranean country (italy) demonstrated that influenza a and b viruses, and often both, circulated every winter in italy. the winter 1987/88 was characterized by a low level of influenza activity, as shown by the limited number (47) of influenza virus isolates, the majority of which (61%) belonged to the influenza b type. in contrast, the 1988/89 influenza season was exclusively associated with the circulation of influenza ... | 1993 | 8405308 |
| influenza a in immunocompromised patients. | immunocompromised patients with influenza a were identified in stockholm during two influenza seasons. the predominant subtypes were h3n2 during 1988-1989 and h1n1 during 1990-1991. the median age of the 25 patients was 43 years (range, 3-80 years). twelve patients had received renal transplants and had ongoing immunosuppression. seven patients had received bone marrow transplants between 2 days and 3 years before becoming infected with influenza virus a. two patients were in an aplastic phase, ... | 1993 | 8399875 |
| different binding capacities of influenza a and sendai viruses to gangliosides from human granulocytes. | the structures of gangliosides from human granulocytes were elucidated by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry as their partially methylated alditol acetates. in human granulocytes besides gm3 (ii3neu5ac-laccer), neolacto-series gangliosides (iv3neu5ac-nlcose4cer, iv6neu5ac-nlcose4cer and vi3neu5ac-nlcose6cer) containing c24:1, and to some extent c22:0; and c16:0 fatty acid in their respective ceramide portions, were identified as major components. ... | 1993 | 8395268 |
| reye syndrome associated with subclinical varicella zoster virus and influenza a infection. | an association is reported between reye syndrome and varicella zoster virus (vzv) infection in a 10-year-old boy who had serologic evidence of coinfection with vzv and influenza a h3n2, and exposure to salicylates. he developed vzv reinfection without skin lesions after family exposure and influenza a was community-acquired. recent chickenpox contact should initiate vzv serologic studies in reye syndrome patients, regardless of the chickenpox history or evidence of infection with other viruses. | 1993 | 8388687 |
| heterotypic immune mice lose protection against influenza virus infection with senescence. | influenza causes significant morbidity and mortality in the elderly. to determine whether this could be due to loss of heterotypic immunity, young and aged balb/c mice were made heterotypically immune by h3n2 influenza virus infection and then challenged, while anesthetized, with h1n1 virus. viral clearance was delayed by 2 days in the aged mice. naive and heterotypic immune mice were next challenged with h1n1 virus while awake. under these conditions, initial infection was restricted to the nos ... | 1993 | 8376832 |
| immunization of institutionalized asthmatic children and patients with psychomotor retardation using live attenuated cold-adapted reassortment influenza a h1n1, h3n2 and b vaccines. | live attenuated cold-adapted reassortant (cr) influenza virus vaccines were evaluated in institutionalized asthmatic children and severe psychomotor-retarded (spr) patients. almost all the vaccinees were seropositive to the vaccine strains before immunization. trivalent cr vaccine (containing a h1n1 (cr-125), a h3n2 (cr-149) and b (crb-117)), bivalent cr vaccine (cr-125 and cr-149) and monovalent crb-117 were inoculated to 19 asthmatic children and 36 and 16 spr patients, respectively. overall 4 ... | 1993 | 8356846 |
| maternal immunization with influenza or tetanus toxoid vaccine for passive antibody protection in young infants. | women in the last trimester of pregnancy were given trivalent inactivated influenza virus vaccine (tiv; a/sichuan/h3n2, a/taiwan/h1n1, b/victoria) or tetanus toxoid (tt). maternal blood was drawn before immunization and at delivery (median, 5 weeks later); infant blood was obtained within 5 days of birth and 2 months later. antibody responses to tiv and tt were determined by microneutralization assay and elisa. t cell response was determined by lymphocyte proliferation. maternal seroconversion t ... | 1993 | 8354906 |
| trivalent cold recombinant influenza live vaccine in institutionalized children with bronchial asthma and patients with psychomotor retardation. | twenty asthmatic children and 48 patients with severe psychomotor retardation were inoculated intranasally with trivalent cold-adapted recombinant (cr) influenza vaccine containing cr-125 (h1n1), cr-159 (h3n2) and crb-117 (b). the vaccinees were mostly seropositive. severe adverse reactions or asthmatic attacks were not observed, but 7 (15%) of 48 vaccinees with severe psychomotor retardation developed mild to moderate fever. significant antibody responses in hemagglutination-inhibition tests we ... | 1993 | 8346005 |
| location on the evolutionary trees of the non-structural protein (ns) and neuraminidase (na) genes of late human influenza a (h2n2) viruses: parental viruses of the ns and na genes of hong kong influenza a (h3n2) viruses. | the nucleotide sequences of the non-structural protein (ns) and neuraminidase (na) genes of human influenza a (h2n2) viruses isolated in 1967 and 1968 in europe, asia and north and south america were located on evolutionary trees in order to identify the parental virus of hong kong influenza a (h3n2) viruses, which appeared in the human population in 1968. from the evolutionary trees, the h2n2 viruses isolated during the 1967 to 1968 period were divided into two groups. group i includes that a/t ... | 1993 | 8345357 |
| studies on reactogenicity and immunogenicity of attenuated bivalent cold recombinant influenza type a (cra) and inactivated trivalent influenza virus (ti) vaccines in infants and young children. | fifty-two infants seronegative to or without prior infection with influenza type a viruses were enrolled in a study to evaluate reactogenicity and immunogenicity of three bivalent cold recombinant type a (cra) and two trivalent inactivated influenza (ti) vaccines. controls consisted of infants receiving normal saline by nose drops (pli.n.) or intramuscularly (pli.m.). cra and ti vaccines were monitored for local and systemic reactions after vaccination. serum specimens obtained prior to and 6 we ... | 1993 | 8342319 |
| igg neutralization of type a influenza viruses and the inhibition of the endosomal fusion stage of the infectious pathway in bhk cells. | we have used three strains of type a influenza virus (a/fowl plaque virus/rostock/34: h7n1; a/pr/8/34: h1n1; a/x31: h3n2) labeled with the fluorescent probe octadecyl rhodamine b chloride (r18) to study how neutralizing monoclonal igg, specific for the haemagglutinin, affects the interaction of virus with bhk-21 cells. r18 labels viral lipid and self-quenches in the virion; dilution of r18 by fusion of viral and cellular membranes or by dissolution in detergent activates fluorescence. igg neutra ... | 1993 | 8337821 |
| influenza a virus haemagglutinin polymorphism: pleiotropic antigenic variants of a/shanghai/11/87 (h3n2) virus selected as high yield reassortants. | genetic reassortment of the a/shanghai/11/87 (h3n2) variant of influenza a virus with a/pr8/34 (h1n1) virus [the standard donor of high yield (hy) genes for influenza vaccine viruses] resulted in the isolation of two reassortants with differing h3 haemagglutinin (ha) phenotypes, x-99 and x-99a. the two ha phenotypes were derived from individual subpopulations of the h3n2 wild-type virus during the reassortment event. the ha mutants and their respectively derived reassortants (identical in rna ge ... | 1993 | 8336120 |
| [ts-mutations in the genomes of cold-adapted variants of influenza a/hong kong/1/68(h3n2) and a/victoria/35/72(h3n2) viruses]. | the phenotype and localization of ts mutations in genomes of the influenza a/victoria/30-ir (a/vic/30-ir) and a/hong kong/17-ir (a/hk/17-ir) cold-adapted (ca) viruses were studied. using the recombination analysis in chick embryo fibroblasts (cef) we determined that influenza a/hk/17-ir ca virus carries ts mutations in three "internal" genes, i.e., pb1, np and m, and influenza a/vic/30-ir ca virus carries ones in four genes, i.e., pa, np, m and ns. we have revealed ts mutations for na gene in no ... | 1993 | 8335243 |
| antibody response to a two-dose influenza vaccine regimen in adult lymphoma patients on chemotherapy. | a study was conducted to determine if a two-dose regimen of influenza vaccine would enhance the immunologic response of 41 patients with lymphoma receiving chemotherapy. hemagglutinin-inhibiting antibody responses to influenza a/h1n1, a/h3n2 and b virus occurred in 32%, 24% and 20% of patients following one dose, and in 49%, 41% and 46% of patients following two doses, respectively. responses to one or more vaccine components occurred in 42% of patients after one dose and in 71% after two doses. ... | 1993 | 8307050 |
| [the determination of the genotype of laboratory reassortants of the influenza a virus by competitive dot hybridization]. | the genotype of laboratory reassortants produced by co-cultivation of virulent a/ussr/2/85 (h3n2) virus and multi-passaged attenuation donor a/leningrad/9/46 virus (h1n1) was determined by two different methods: a method of competitive dot hybridization (cdh) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) with virion rnas urea. the results of the two methods were shown to be completely identical which confirmed the potential of using cdh method for genetic typing of influenza a virus reassortant ... | 1993 | 8303886 |
| influenza vaccination on renal transplant patients is safe and serologically effective. | since immunosuppressed patients are at higher risk of serious influenza virus infection than healthy subjects, we decided to study the serological effectiveness of influenza vaccination on renal transplant patients, despite the theoretical aspect that such treatment could induce glomerular lesions through an immunological process. forty transplant patients aged from 20 to 50 years with well functioning renal graft and no febrile episode were studied. blood samples were collected before the intra ... | 1993 | 8294168 |
| analysis of the influenza virus gene pool of avian species from southern china. | although southern china has been considered the epicenter of human influenza pandemics, little is known about the genetic composition of influenza viruses in lower mammals or birds in that region. to provide information on the molecular epidemiology of these viruses, we used dot blot hybridization and phylogenetic methods to study the internal genes (pb1, pb2, pa, np, m, and ns) of 106 avian influenza a viruses isolated from a total of 11,798 domestic ducks, chickens, and geese raised in souther ... | 1994 | 8291238 |
| combined effect of selected antiviral substances of natural and synthetic origin. ii. anti-influenza activity of a combination of a polyphenolic complex isolated from geranium sanguineum l. and rimantadine in vivo. | the synergistic effect shown by the combination of a natural product, polyphenolic complex (pc) isolated from geranium sanguineum l., and rimantadine (r) in vitro and in ovo [7], encouraged us to continue these studies by in vivo testing. a marked protective effect in experimental influenza virus a (h3n2) infection in mice was found when pc was applied nasally (i.n.) (1.0 mg/kg) only once 6 h before infection in combination with r applied orally in concentration 10.5 and 2.5 mg/kg 2h before and ... | 1993 | 8285131 |
| [a method of competitive dot hydridization for genotyping influenza a viruses]. | a new method for genetic typing of influenza viruses using molecular hybridization of dna-rna was developed which consisted in addition to the hybridization solution, apart from the radioactively labeled probe, of rna of a virus with known gene homologous to the plasmid dna used as the probe but belonging to a different serosubtype of influenza a virus, other than cloned kdna, (within the range of h1n1, h2n2, and h3n2). this competitive rna (rnac) is added in considerable excess with regard to b ... | 1993 | 8284914 |
| susceptibilities to rimantadine of influenza a/h1n1 and a/h3n2 viruses isolated during the epidemics of 1988 to 1989 and 1989 to 1990. | clinical isolates of influenza a viruses identified during outbreaks in two winters were tested for their rimantadine susceptibilities by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay modified from that described previously by belshe et al. (r. b. belshe, b. burk, f. newman, r. l. cerruti, and i. s. sim, j. virol. 62:1508-1512, 1988). the infectivity titer and the 50% inhibitory concentration of rimantadine were calculated for each virus. of 105 influenza virus a isolates tested, 28 influenza a/h1n1 isol ... | 1993 | 8257151 |
| recombinant secreted haemagglutinin protects mice against a lethal challenge of influenza virus. | balb/c mice were immunized with 2 x 2 micrograms of purified recombinant secreted haemagglutinin, derived from the a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) virus. in the first immunization, ribi adjuvant was used, while for the booster injection a monophosphoryl lipid a/muramyl dipeptide combination was chosen. mice immunized in this way were 90-100% protected against a challenge with 20 ld50 of mouse-adapted, homologous virus (strain x47). bromelain-solubilized haemagglutinin gave only 70% protection under compa ... | 1993 | 8256499 |
| [pneumonia diagnosis in living swine using lung lavage]. | in pigs coming from fattening units with tenacious pneumonitis problems the attempt was made to find an etiological diagnosis in living pigs by bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and serological examinations on antibodies against mycoplasma hyopneumonia, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and influenza-a-virus (serotypes h1n1 and h3n2). in some cases the results of the bacteriological examinations of the bal were compared with the post mortem findings. both methods yield similar results. mycoplasma hyopn ... | 1993 | 8250824 |
| comparison of 10 influenza a (h1n1 and h3n2) haemagglutinin sequences obtained directly from clinical specimens to those of mdck cell- and egg-grown viruses. | pcr was used to amplify and sequence the complete ha1 region of the haemagglutinin (ha)-encoding genes of 10 clinical isolates of influenza virus of the h1n1 or h3n2 subtypes. these sequences were compared to those obtained from viruses isolated from the same specimens after passage in eggs and mdck cells. amino acid substitutions in the egg-derived ha sequences were found in nine out of the 10 specimens analysed, whereas seven out of eight of the mdck-derived ha sequences were identical to thos ... | 1993 | 8245870 |
| [evaluation of seroconversion after vaccination against influenza during the epidemic season 1991-1992 in poland]. | vaccination was performed by influenza virus vaccine trivalent type a and b. we vaccinated about 75,000 persons in poland in different groups of age. hi and ni tests were used for testing antibody level for a/taiwan/1/86 (h1n1), a/beijing/353/89 (h3n2) and b/panama/45/90. the rise of antibody level was statistically significant. | 1993 | 8234846 |
| comparative anti-influenza virus activity of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluororibosides in vitro. | the anti-influenza virus activity of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroguanosine was determined in cell culture and in explants of human respiratory epithelium by yield reduction assay. the concentration causing at least 1.0 log10 reduction in influenza a (h3n2) virus yield (ec90) at 24 h was 2.5 micrograms/ml in primary rhesus monkey kidney and 12 micrograms/ml in madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells, compared to 0.5 micrograms/ml and 0.9 micrograms/ml, respectively, for ribavirin. the estimated therapeutic ... | 1993 | 8215305 |
| the subclass igg responses of mice to influenza surface proteins formulated into liposomes. | unprimed mice and mice primed by prior infection with an h1n1 subtype of influenza virus were used to assess the total and subclass igg serum antibody responses to influenza virus a/sichuan/2/87 (h3n2) surface haemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins incorporated into four different formulations of liposomes. only one of these liposome preparations, dspc(b), induced greater total igg, and subclass igg1 and igg2a antibody levels, in sera from both primed and unprimed mice than the aqueous a/sich ... | 1993 | 8215299 |
| determination of hemagglutination-inhibition titers to influenza a virus in porcine sera by use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | an elisa-based method to estimate hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) titer was developed. subtype specificity was obtained by using purified h1 and h3 hemagglutinin antigens. using the linear relation that exists between elisa and hi methods, regression lines for h1n1- and h3n2-monospecific porcine antisera were constructed. approximation of actual hi titer could be obtained from insertion of elisa values into the appropriate regression line. the hi estimations were within 50% of the actual measur ... | 1993 | 8214894 |
| pilot evaluation of influenza virus vaccine (ivv) combined with adjuvant. | the safety of licensed influenza virus vaccine (ivv) combined with a novel adjuvant containing muramyl tripeptide (mtp) conjugated to phosphatidylethanolamine (pe) was evaluated in a randomized pilot study. ten healthy 23-30-year-old men were given a single intramuscular dose of ivv combined with saline (n = 5) or with 100 micrograms of mtp-pe in the mf59 adjuvant emulsion (mf59-100) (n = 5). evaluations were performed on days 0, 1, 2, 4, 7 and 28 after inoculation. ivv alone was well tolerated. ... | 1993 | 8212835 |
| antibody response to whole-virus and split-virus influenza vaccines in successful ageing. | the antibody response to influenza vaccination has been variably reported to be decreased in elderly individuals. to determine the effect of ageing alone on this antibody response, a group of carefully-screened healthy elderly subjects were compared with young adult controls. antibody titres for several strains of influenza were measured before and after vaccination with whole-virus (wvv) and split-virus influenza vaccines (svv) in two successive years. in general, the antibody response to wvv w ... | 1993 | 8212827 |
| infection-permissive immunization with influenza virus neuraminidase prevents weight loss in infected mice. | in studies of infection of young balb/c mice with a mouse virulent strain of x-31 (h3n2) influenza a virus we have shown a profound virus dose-related effect of infection on body weight. most of this effect is prevented by prior administration of either inactivated whole virus vaccine, which prevents infection, or purified influenza virus neuraminidase, which is infection-permissive, but reduces pulmonary virus replication by 1.5 to 3 orders of magnitude. these studies support the concept of inf ... | 1993 | 8212824 |
| [influenza surveillance in tananarive during the year 1992]. | the authors relate the 1992 results of influenza surveillance in antananarivo. 24 influenza virus a (h3n2) strains were isolated from 467 pharyngeal swabs. the virus had been continually spreading from january to september, with a peak in july, along with some monthly sporadic isolations. the highest respiratory morbidity was observed in june and july. the collection processes of influenzal and respiratory morbidity statistics are also discussed in order to standardize data and to define the rea ... | 1993 | 8192546 |
| subtype cross-reactive, infection-enhancing antibody responses to influenza a viruses. | antibody-dependent enhancement of the uptake of influenza a virus by fc receptor-bearing cells was analyzed by using virus strains of the three human influenza a virus subtypes, a/pr/8/34 (h1n1), a/japan/305/57 (h2n2), and a/port chalmers/1/73 (h3n2). immune sera obtained from mice following primary infection with an h1n1, h2n2, or h3n2 subtype virus neutralized only virus of the same subtype; however, immune sera augmented the uptake of virus across subtypes. immune sera from h1n1-infected mice ... | 1994 | 8189489 |
| serologic response to standard inactivated influenza vaccine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. | we compared the serologic response of 46 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected children and adolescents and 61 age-matched controls to standard trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (a/taiwan (h1n1), a/shanghai (h3n2), b/yamagata). children were immunized according to the package insert recommendations before the 1990 to 1991 influenza season. serum antibody titers to influenza a were determined before and 1 month after each vaccination and compared for study and control subjects. serolo ... | 1994 | 8177629 |
| [seroepidemiological data on the circulation of influenza virus in moldova in 1991-1992]. | 1. to establish the predominant circulating antigenic subtypes of influenza viruses in the epidemic season (19911992). 2. to evaluate the efficiency of seroepidemiological method in determining the circulating antigenic subtypes and its practical consequences. | 1993 | 8153476 |
| igg subclass response and protection against challenge following immunisation of mice with various influenza a vaccines. | the serum total igg and igg subclass and nasal wash iga and igg antibody responses of mice to influenza virus a/hong kong/68 (h3n2) subunit preparations administered parenterally as a single dose, incorporated either in immune stimulatory compounds (iscoms) or liposomes with freund's complete adjuvant, or as an aqueous material, as well as to live, infectious virus were measured by elisa at 10 days and 3, 5, 7 and 22 weeks after immunisation. the protection of the upper and lower respiratory tra ... | 1994 | 8151677 |
| induction of interferon in human leukocyte cultures by natural pathogenic respiratory viruses. | some common viruses responsible for respiratory disease have been reported to be poor inducers of interferon (ifn). therefore, we have studied the induction of ifn in cultures of human leukocytes exposed under standardized conditions to various concentrations of adenovirus type 7a, coronavirus 229e, an influenza type a virus (h3n2), a rhinovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). all five viruses induced substantial amounts of ifn at a multiplicity of infection of one infectious unit per ce ... | 1993 | 8151137 |
| serological studies on the potential synergism of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and influenza-, corona- and paramyxoviruses in the induction of respiratory symptoms in swine. | sera from 265 finishing pigs belonging to 70 herds, in which severe respiratory disorders were observed, were examined for antibody prevalence to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), influenza virus subtypes h3n2 and h1n1, porcine respiratory corona virus (prcv) and a recently described porcine paramyxovirus (ppmv). by immunoperoxidase-monolayer assay 69.1% of these sera were positive for prrsv. hemagglutination inhibiting activity was found in 55.1% of the sera for influ ... | 1993 | 8128802 |
| codominant mixtures of viruses in reference strains of influenza virus due to host cell variation. | influenza viruses grown in chicken eggs may comprise mixtures of variants, creating problems in establishing international reference strains and in preparing high growth reassortants. we therefore analyzed representative reference strains of h3n2 viruses from 1987 to 1989 by direct sequencing of ha1. three of seven reference strains had different nucleotides at the same position in nucleotide gels, indicating the presence of codominant mixtures. these nucleotide duplications occurred at residues ... | 1994 | 8116258 |
| an estimation of the nucleotide substitution rate at defined positions in the influenza virus haemagglutinin gene. | the mutation rates to a viable mar (monoclonal antibody-resistant mutant) genotype of wild-type influenza (a/victoria/3/75; h3n2) virus or its mutator variant strains have been previously determined. in order to estimate the mutation rates per nucleotide position, the sequence alterations present in 44 mar mutants isolated from either the wild-type or the mut43 mutator strain have been determined. these mar mutants were selected with either of two non-overlapping, haemagglutinin-specific, monocl ... | 1994 | 8113760 |
| antigenic and sequence analysis of h3 influenza virus haemagglutinins from pigs in italy. | to investigate the possible mechanism of maintenance of old human influenza a (h3n2) viruses in pigs, the haemagglutinins (has) of seven isolates from swine were studied by analysis of nucleotide and deduced primary amino acid sequences, as well as reactivity of the ha molecule to chicken antisera and monoclonal antibodies. the swine has were closely similar to the ha of the a/victoria/3/75 human variant as regards antigenic and molecular characteristics. these findings are consistent with the h ... | 1994 | 8113758 |
| infection of children with avian-human reassortant influenza virus from pigs in europe. | pigs have been proposed to act as the intermediate hosts in the generation of pandemic human influenza strains by reassortment of genes from avian and human influenza virus strains. the circulation of avian-like h1n1 influenza viruses in european pigs since 1979 and the detection of human-avian reassortants in pigs raises the question of whether these viruses actually have the potential to transmit and cause disease in humans. we now report the serologic and genetic characterization of two human ... | 1994 | 8091678 |
| [the isolation of a reassortant strain of the a/kiev/59/79, r (h1n1) influenza virus and its genomic characteristics]. | as a result of two successive recombinations of influenza a viruses: a/leningrad/0139/76 (h3n2) with a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) strain and the resulting reassortant a/leningrad/0139/76, r (h3n2) with a field isolate a/kiev/59/79 (h1n1), a virus. a/kiev/59/79, r (h1n1) was obtained. it was established by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel and sequencing of kdna fragments of its genome that the genes pb2, pb1 and np of this virus belonged to serosubtype h3n2, while genes pa, m, and ns to serosubtype h1n1 ... | 1993 | 8059522 |
| influenza virus host resistance models in mice and rats: utilization for immune function assessment and immunotoxicology. | each year influenza viruses are responsible for epidemic respiratory diseases with excess morbidity and mortality. the severity of influenza diseases ranges from mild upper respiratory tract infections to severe lower respiratory tract infections involving pneumonia, bronchiolitis and coincidental bacterial super-infections. the immune response to influenza viruses can be schematically divided into a cascade of non-specific and specific functions. these functions are involved at different well d ... | 1994 | 8059441 |
| evidence for interspecies transmission and reassortment of influenza a viruses in pigs in southern china. | the asian/57, hong kong/68, and russian/77 pandemics of this century appeared or reappeared in china. interspecies transmission and genetic reassortment of influenza viruses have been implicated in the origin of these human pandemic influenza viruses. pigs have been suspected to be the "mixing vessel" where reassortment occurs. to investigate this possibility, 104 porcine influenza viruses collected at random from southern china from 1976 to 1982, including 32 h3n2 isolates and 72 h1n1 isolates, ... | 1994 | 8030245 |
| neutralization enzyme immunoassay for influenza virus. | a neutralization enzyme immunoassay (n-eia) was developed for the detection of antibody titer rises in sera of patients infected with influenza a (h3n2) virus. in this n-eia, a selected strain of influenza a (h3n2) virus was added to monolayers of llc-mk2 cells in microtiter plates. after 24 h, the replicated virus could be demonstrated with a virus-specific enzyme-labeled monoclonal antibody. preincubation of the influenza virus with convalescent-phase sera of patients infected with influenza a ... | 1994 | 8027355 |
| diagnosis of equine influenza by the polymerase chain reaction. | influenza a is a common respiratory infection of horses, and rapid diagnosis is important for its detection and control. sensitive detection of influenza currently requires viral culture and is not always feasible. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to detect dna produced by reverse transcription of equine influenza in stored nasal secretions, vaccines, and allantoic fluids. primers directed at a target of 212 bp on conserved segment 7 (matrix gene) of human influenza a/bangkok/1/79(h3 ... | 1994 | 8011780 |
| hemagglutinating and sialidase activities of subpopulations of influenza a viruses. | the present study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of two samples of influenza a/england/42/72 (h3n2) virus, one of them selected by an adsorption-elution technique, to determine the possible existence of virus variants or subpopulations. based on specificity of virulence-related cell receptor-binding and sialidase activities, this selection technique using human o group erythrocytes revealed the presence of variants within a standard virus sample with diversity for their hemaggl ... | 1994 | 8000335 |
| [the use of monoclonal antibodies for detecting the influenza virus]. | the possibilities of using influenza a (leningrad) 385/80 (h3n2) virus matrix protein-specific fitc-labeled d8 monoclonal antibodies in immunofluorescence assays were investigated. the virus antigen accumulation was detected in chorioallantoic cells of chick embryos. exhibiting the type-specific properties, the fluorescent antibodies stain the perinuclear space, cytoplasmic membrane, and granular structures in the cytoplasm of infected cells. the haemagglutination test tires in the corresponding ... | 1994 | 7998401 |
| nonimmunoselected intrastrain genetic variation detected in pairs of high-yielding influenza a (h3n2) vaccine and parental viruses. | seven influenza a (h3n2) high-yielding vaccine candidate strains were examined. antigenic analysis revealed that 5 of the strains could be distinguished antigenically from their corresponding wild type parent viruses. comparative sequence data for the ha1 domains of the ha (hemagglutinin) genes for these 5 high-yielding viruses and the corresponding wild type parents demonstrated one to three amino acid substitutions within each virus pair, with at least one amino acid change being located in a ... | 1994 | 7995982 |
| [secondary structure of the m2 protein of influenza type a virus and its role in forming resistance to rimantadine and deitiforin]. | studies of the molecular aspects of resistance of influenza virus a to drugs (rimantadine, deytiforine, amantadine) allow a purposeful design of new compounds with a broad spectrum of antiviral activity and evoking no resistance. in this work the nucleotide sequence of rimantadine- and deytiforine-resistant influenza a strain leningrad/156/83 (h3n2) was compared with that of a/victoria/35/72. the influence of aminoacid substitutions in the m2 protein on its secondary structure in the membrane an ... | 1994 | 7990823 |
| a new influenza virus a/h3n2 variant of taiwan origin. | a clinical isolate of influenza virus a/h3n2 from a one-year-old boy with pharyngitis was examined by using rna-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for amplification of viral cdna and subsequent dna sequencing with asymmetric pcr. since antigenic drift has been found in recent a/h3n2 isolates, this strain was compared with a/shanghai/24/90 and other a/h3n2 strains, collected at the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) in atlanta, ga, usa. it was found that the steady changes of amino aci ... | 1993 | 7988282 |
| evaluation of the genetic stability of the temperature-sensitive pb2 gene mutation of the influenza a/ann arbor/6/60 cold-adapted vaccine virus. | a single-gene reassortant bearing the pb2 gene of the a/ann arbor/6/60 cold-adapted virus in the background of the a/korea/82 (h3n2) wild-type virus is a temperature-sensitive (ts) virus with an in vitro shutoff temperature of 38 degrees c. a single mutation at amino acid (aa) at 265 (asp-ser) of the pb2 protein is responsible for the ts phenotype. this ts single-gene pb2 reassortant virus was serially passaged at elevated temperatures in madin-darby canine kidney cells to generate ts+ phenotypi ... | 1994 | 7966557 |
| class i major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes are not necessary for heterotypic immunity to influenza. | mice transgenic for beta 2-microglobulin deletion (beta 2m-/-) were immunized intranasally with either a recombinant vaccinia virus that expressed both nucleoprotein and interleukin-2 or by infection with h3n2 influenza virus; 3-4 weeks later they were challenged with h1n1 influenza virus. the immunized beta 2m-/- mice had increased survival and enhanced clearance of virus relative to nonimmune controls. this protection correlated with the development of class ii major histocompatibility complex ... | 1994 | 7963713 |
| an outbreak of influenza a (h3n2) in delhi, 1993. | an outbreak of influenza a, subtype h3n2 occurred in delhi during july-august, 1993. both urban and rural areas were affected. attack rates in children and adults were found to be similar; the mean age of patients from whom the virus was isolated was found to be 21 years. the disease was of acute onset, mild in nature and about one week in duration. main symptoms included fever, chills, cough, sore throat, bodyaches, backache and headache. complications were absent. about 82 per cent of the affe ... | 1994 | 7963377 |
| immunodominance correlates with t-cell receptor (alpha beta) gene usage in the class ii-restricted response to influenza haemagglutinin. | class ii-restricted t-cell clones elicited by natural infection with influenza a virus (h3n2 subtype) exhibit extensive diversity in their recognition specificity for the envelope glycoprotein, haemagglutinin, and focus on hypervariable regions of the ha1 subunit that feature in antigenic drift. however, t-cell clones established from the same individual focus on a single antigenic site with differing fine specificity for mutant viruses. we wished to determine whether such diversity of the haplo ... | 1994 | 7959866 |
| [factors associated with the occurrence of influenza a virus infections in fattening swine]. | in august of 1989 sera from 2115 finishing pigs out of 214 herds in the north of schleswig- holstein (germany) were tested for antibodies against three strains of influenza a viruses by using the haemagglutination inhibition test. seroprevalences of a/swine/nederland/25/80 (h1n1), a/philippines/2/82 (h3n2), and a/port chalmers/1/73 (h3n2) on herd level were 23.4%, 20.6% and 5.1% respectively. the mean within herd prevalences were 9.6%, 14.7% and 0.6%, respectively. antibodies against h1n1 and h3 ... | 1994 | 7945181 |
| a potential peptide vaccine against two different strains of influenza virus isolated at intervals of about 10 years. | we have developed a strategy for making synthetic peptide vaccines, in which a peptide, ha127-133, derived from the hemagglutinin (ha) of a/aichi/2/68(h3n2) influenza virus (aichi/68) is introduced into the ab binding component consisting of 43-46 and 54-58 residues of a pigeon cytochrome c analogue peptide, 46f50v54a. indeed, this hybrid peptide, 46f/ha127-133/54a, induced impressive t-cell responses and antibody production neutralizing infectivity of aichi/68 in vitro. in a subsequent study we ... | 1994 | 7937811 |
| efficacy of inactivated vaccine in preventing antigenically drifted influenza type a and well-matched type b. | to evaluate the efficacy of currently used inactivated influenza vaccine during a severe epidemic caused by antigenically drifted influenza type a(h3n2) and well-matched type b viruses during the 1992-1993 season. | 1994 | 7933325 |
| polyacrylamides bearing pendant alpha-sialoside groups strongly inhibit agglutination of erythrocytes by influenza a virus: multivalency and steric stabilization of particulate biological systems. | an alpha-sialoside linked to acrylamide by a short connector (5-acetamido-2-o-(n-acryloyl-8-amino-5-oxaoctyl)-2,6-anhydro-3,5-d ideoxy-d-galacto-alpha-nonulopyranosonoic acid, 1) was prepared. compound 1 formed high molecular weight copolymers with acrylamide, derivatives of acrylamide, and/or vinylpyrrolidone upon photochemically-initiated free radical polymerization. those copolymers for which the substituents on the acrylamido nitrogen were small inhibited the agglutination of chicken erythro ... | 1994 | 7932570 |
| role of surface glycoproteins in influenza virus pyrogenicity. | eleven h3n2, seven h1n1 and three h3n1 influenza virus reassortants of the pyrogenic a/puerto rico/8/34-a/england/939/69 clone 7a (h3n2) (a/7a) and poorly pyrogenic a/fiji/15899/83 (h1n1) (a/fiji) parents were analysed genetically for the parental origin of their genes and for their pyrogenicity in ferrets. all h3n2 reassortants were pyrogenic and produced significantly more fever than a/fiji but differences in pyrogenicity between them could not be correlated with either single or constellation ... | 1994 | 7931175 |
| immunogenicity of new virosome influenza vaccine in elderly people. | the safety and immunogenicity of a new virosome influenza vaccine was compared to commercial whole-virus vaccine and subunit vaccine in elderly people. the virosome vaccine was made by extracting the haemagglutinin from influenza virus and incorporating it into the membrane of liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine (pc) and phosphatidylethanolamine (pe). 126 residents of a nursing home, aged 63-102, were randomised to receive one of the vaccines. all three were well tolerated and caused a sig ... | 1994 | 7912766 |
| combined antiinfluenza activity of a plant preparation shs-174 and amantadine derivatives. | the results of the study on the combined antiviral activity of the shs-174 preparation (a lyophylized infusion from three higher plants) and three amantadine derivatives (rimantadine, amantadine glucuronide and its derivative) are presented. the antiviral effect of the drugs on the reproduction of influenza virus strains a/h1n1 and a/h3n2 in vitro was studied. the combined antiviral effect was evaluated on the basis of viral yields and in many cases a synergism was found. the most synergistic ef ... | 1993 | 7905240 |
| induction of cd8+ cytotoxic t cells by immunization with killed influenza virus and effect of cholera toxin b subunit. | the mhc class i cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) response in mice given formalin-inactivated influenza whole-virus vaccine (wvv) with or without cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) was studied. intraperitoneal injection of balb/c (h-2d) mice with high doses of a/taiwan/1/86 (h1n1) wvv stimulated influenza a virus-specific ctl response in a dose-dependent manner. a dose of 4.4 or 44 micrograms induced ctl response equal to or greater than live influenza virus infection. coadministration of vaccine with 5 o ... | 1993 | 7903015 |
| medical practice-based influenza surveillance: viral prevalence and assessment of morbidity. | regular surveillance of influenza virus activity and associated illness is necessary to monitor changes in circulating strains. as part of a demonstration project, medical practices in a seven-county area in southern lower michigan were recruited as sentinel surveillance sites. the practices were asked to collect specimens for virus isolation and/or data on age-specific frequency of respiratory illnesses that met a case definition. data were used to establish periods of influenza virus activity ... | 1995 | 7900716 |
| prevalence of infections with enzootic respiratory and enteric viruses in feeder pigs entering fattening herds. | the prevalence of infections with h1n1- and h3n2-influenza viruses, porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv) in feeder pigs shortly after their entry into fattening units was examined. ten groups of pigs with acute respiratory disease during the months september to october 1991 and seven groups of pigs with acute diarrhoea during the months february to march 1992 were investigated. on arrival in the fattening h ... | 1994 | 7900243 |
| recent h3n2 swine influenza virus with haemagglutinin and nucleoprotein genes similar to 1975 human strains. | of the four pandemic strains of human influenza a virus observed this century, the 1977 virus strain was very similar in all genes to a 1950 isolate. since mammalian influenza a viruses change annually by genetic drift, this reappearance could only be attributed at that time to conservation of the virus in a frozen state. we report here the isolation of swine influenza a viruses with haemagglutinin and nucleoprotein genes which are virtually identical to those of the human virus that circulated ... | 1995 | 7897358 |
| genetic analysis of porcine h3n2 viruses originating in southern china. | from immunological and phylogenetic analyses of h3 influenza viruses isolated from pigs and ducks in the people's republic of china (china), hong kong, taiwan and japan, between 1968 and 1982, we arrived at the following conclusions. the h3 haemagglutinin and n2 neuraminidase genes from swine isolates can be segregated into four mammalian lineages, including: (i) the earliest human strains; (ii) early swine strains including hong kong isolates from 1976-1977; (iii) an intermediate strain between ... | 1995 | 7897351 |
| antigenic characterization of an h3n2 swine influenza virus isolated from pigs with proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia in quebec. | a new strain of swine influenza a virus, designated a/swine/saint-hyacinthe/150/90 has been isolated from pigs with severe proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia in quebec. the antigenic characterization of the hemagglutinin was performed by hemagglutination inhibition test, immunoblot and indirect immunoprecipitation using polyclonal antisera. only the last test was able to detect an antigenic relationship between the hemagglutinin of this isolate and an h3 subtype influenza virus. the immunop ... | 1994 | 7889461 |
| amantadine-resistant influenza a in nursing homes. identification of a resistant virus prior to drug use. | amantadine hydrochloride and rimantadine hydrochloride have been used for treatment and prevention of influenza a infection in nursing home residents. outbreaks of influenza a (h3n2) virus infection occurred in three nursing homes in yakima county, washington, during january 1992. amantadine was used for case treatment and prophylaxis in all three nursing homes. | 1995 | 7864709 |
| influenza a subtype cross-protection after immunization of outbred mice with a purified chimeric ns1/ha2 influenza virus protein. | influenza a/pr/8/34-derived chimeric (d) protein (sk&f 106160) composed of the first 81 amino acids (aa) of ns1 fused to the conserved 157 c-terminal aa of ha2 (ns1 1-81-ha2 65-222) was previously shown to induce h-2d-restricted protective cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) immunity in inbred mice. however, d protein, like other small peptides, exhibited haplotype dependence and was not immunogenic in h-2b and h-2k mice. a potential use of this antigen in humans and the role of t cells in any protecti ... | 1994 | 7856302 |
| mixed populations in influenza virus vaccine strains. | human influenza viruses used for vaccine production have previously been adapted to grow in eggs. during egg adaptation, variants are selected and we have observed that more than one variant may derive in a single egg resulting in a mixed population. we have now investigated the extent of heterogeneity, due to host cell selection, of virus strains used for the manufacture of influenza vaccine for the 1991/1992 and 1992/1993 seasons. the a(h1n1) vaccine virus was homogeneous with respect to subst ... | 1994 | 7856297 |
| probing the structure of influenza b hemagglutinin using site-directed mutagenesis. | the crystal structure of the hemagglutinin (ha) of influenza virus a/aichi/68 (h3n2) from the x-31 reassortant virus was reported in 1981, but as yet there are no x-ray diffraction structures for hemagglutinins of other types or even subtypes of influenza virus. we have used site-directed mutagenesis to probe the structure of the hemagglutinin of influenza b/hong kong/8/73. we investigated a region in the globular head domain that is helical in the influenza a ha structure, targeting sidechains ... | 1995 | 7856092 |
| anti-influenza virus activity of the neuraminidase inhibitor 4-guanidino-neu5ac2en in cell culture and in human respiratory epithelium. | the anti-influenza activity of the neuraminidase inhibitor 4-guanidino-neu5ac2en (4-g-nac) was determined in madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells by yield reduction and elisa and in explants of human respiratory epithelium by yield reduction. in mdck cells, 50% inhibitory concentrations (ec50) averaged 0.5 microgram/ml for influenza a/virginia/88(h3n2) and 0.04 microgram/ml for a/texas/36/91(h1n1) by elisa, and < 0.01 microgram/ml for influenza a/virginia by yield reduction. in human adenoid e ... | 1994 | 7847874 |
| interactions of surfactant protein a with influenza a viruses: binding and neutralization. | the interaction of pulmonary surfactant protein a (sp-a) with influenza a h1n1 and h3n2 viruses was investigated. sp-a is a sialated c type lectin with affinity for mannose residues. flow cytometry showed that binding of fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc)-labeled sp-a to h3n2 virus-infected cells was specific and time- and concentration-dependent. oligosaccharides did not affect the binding of fitc-sp-a to the infected cells. preincubation of h1n1 and h3n2 with sp-a resulted in a dose-dependent r ... | 1995 | 7844369 |
| antigenic and genetic characterization of current influenza strains. | annually the influenza centre receives more than 1000 virus isolates from around the world to monitor the changing pattern of viruses causing influenza throughout the year. these are characterized antigenically using both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies and selected viruses are subjected to closer scrutiny by nucleotide sequence analyses of their ha genes. this information is used in making the annual recommendation of vaccine composition. as in the last 15 years, influenza a viruses of bot ... | 1994 | 7843357 |
| characteristics of cytotoxic t lymphocytes directed to influenza virus haemagglutinin elicited by immunization with muramyldipeptide-influenza liposome vaccine. | we examined the characterization of the antiviral t lymphocytes elicited by immunization with a novel liposome vaccine (mdp-virosome) constructed with synthetic muramyldipeptide; [6-0-(2-tetradecylhexadecanoyl)-n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanyl-d-isoglutamine] , cholesterol, influenza virus haemagglutinin and neuraminidase. the haemagglutinin glycoprotein first appeared to induce a significant subtype-specific cytotoxic activity through its arrangement on the inner and outer surfaces of the mdp-virosome. ... | 1995 | 7824883 |
| high doses of purified influenza a virus hemagglutinin significantly augment serum and nasal secretion antibody responses in healthy young adults. | the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of purified influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha) vaccines administered intramuscularly were evaluated in two placebo-controlled clinical trials. a total of 139 healthy young adults were randomized to receive increasing doses of monovalent influenza a/taiwan/1/86 (h1n1) virus ha (range, 0 to 405 micrograms per dose [study 1]). an additional 139 subjects were given increasing doses of a trivalent ha vaccine containing equal amounts of a/h1n1 virus, a/shanghai/16 ... | 1994 | 7814484 |
| 1993-1994 influenza season: canadian laboratory diagnoses, strain characterization and post-season serosurvey (ontario). | in canada as a whole, influenza a/beijing/32/92-like virus was the dominant infecting strain in the 1993-1994 season with reported laboratory diagnoses peaking in january 1994. vaccination is again urged for all persons in high-risk groups. antibody induced by vaccination does not persist well from season to season and the emerging a/shangdong/9/93 (h3n2)-like variant is related to a/beijing/32/92(h3n2) but is inhibited less by antibodies to that strain. conditions are also consistent with possi ... | 1994 | 7812234 |
| [influenza and other acute respiratory infections. republic of cuba, 1989]. | information is provided on the epidemiological situation of influenza and other acute respiratory tract diseases in cuba during 1989. general mortality rate was 25.4 per 105 inhabitants. global morbidity rate was 373.9 per 1,000 inhabitants. the highest morbidity rate reported corresponded to children 5-14 years old and under 1 year of age. serologically, the viral agent proportionally most identified was influenza virus type a (h3n2). | 1993 | 7800896 |
| comparison of trivalent cold-adapted recombinant (cr) influenza virus vaccine with monovalent cr vaccines in healthy unselected adults. | a trivalent cold-adapted recombinant (cr) influenza virus vaccine containing types a and b viruses was compared with monovalent vaccines of each virus in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. adults with a wide range of preexisting antibody titers received one 0.5-ml dose intranasally of trivalent vaccine; monovalent a/h1n1, a/h3n2, or b vaccine; or placebo. all vaccines were well tolerated. serum antibody response frequencies and postvaccination geometric mean antibody titers were similar f ... | 1995 | 7797925 |
| replication of influenza a viruses in a green monkey kidney continuous cell line (vero). | a vero cell line was investigated as a suitable host system for primary isolation and cultivation of influenza a viruses. the efficiency of primary isolation for currently circulating (h3n2) strains was similar in vero and mdck cells. of 72 egg-adapted strains investigated, 90.3% were detectable hy hemagglutinin (ha) titration in vero cells after the first passage and 51.4% after the second. the amino acid sequences of the ha1 region of influenza a viruses isolated and passaged in vero cells wer ... | 1995 | 7797924 |
| an outbreak of influenza a/h3n2 in a zambian school dormitory. | there was an outbreak of "a mysterious disease" at a zambian school dormitory in september, 1993. investigation with questionnaire and collection of throat swab specimens for virus isolation were carried out on 46 patients to identify the causative agent. in this outbreak, most of the patients showed similar symptoms such as fever, headache, sore throat, cough, etc. the disease had spread to all dormitories within a couple of days after the onset of the first cases. from these patients, 13 influ ... | 1995 | 7796773 |
| serological studies of influenza viruses in pigs in great britain 1991-2. | samples from a sow serum bank representative of the pig population of great britain collected during 1991-2, were examined for antibodies to influenza a, b and c viruses, using viruses which had been isolated from a variety of hosts. for influenza a viruses there was evidence of the continued circulation of classical swine h1n1 virus (26%) seroprevalence), and human h3n2 viruses (39%) which are antigenically most closely-related to a/port chalmers/1/73 virus. in addition antibodies were detected ... | 1995 | 7781739 |
| [epidemiological observations on the evolution of influenza in the city of iaşi in the epidemic season of 1993-1994]. | the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data of influenza and other respiratory diseases recorded during the epidemic season 1993-1994, as they resulted from the comparative analysis of the cases reported weekly and those recorded through the "sentinel" collectivities method, are presented. the findings at admissions to the infectious diseases hospital, military hospital, diagnosis and treatment centre for pupils and students and the solicitation for medical care at the emergency ambulance ... | 1994 | 7772893 |
| influenza a virus vaccines containing purified recombinant h3 hemagglutinin are well tolerated and induce protective immune responses in healthy adults. | this study evaluated the safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of vaccines containing purified recombinant uncleaved hemagglutinin (rha0) from influenza a/beijing/32/92 (h3n2) virus. in a randomized, double-blinded trial, 127 adult volunteers were immunized with 15 micrograms of rha0, 15 micrograms of rha0 plus alum, 90 micrograms of rha0, licensed subvirion vaccine, or saline placebo. the rha0 vaccines caused fewer local adverse reactions than did the commercial subvirion preparation. ... | 1995 | 7769297 |
| the substantia nigra is a major target for neurovirulent influenza a virus. | clinical and immunohistochemical studies were done for 3-39 d on mice after intracerebral inoculation with the neurovirulent a/wsn/33 (h1n1; wsn) strain of influenza a virus, the nonneurovirulent a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2; aichi) strain, and two reassortant viruses between them. the virus strains with the wsn gene segment coding for neuraminidase induced meningoencephalitis in mice. the mice inoculated with the r96 strain, which has only the neuraminidase gene from the wsn strain, had mild symptoms and ... | 1995 | 7760004 |
| antiviral activity of plant flavonoid, 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone, from the roots of scutellaria baicalensis against influenza a (h3n2) and b viruses. | we investigated effects of isoscutellarein-8-methylether (5,7,4'-trihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone, f36) from the roots of scutellaria baicalensis on the single-cycle replication of mouse-adapted influenza viruses a/guizhou/54/89 (h3n2 subtype) and b/ibaraki/2/85 in madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells. the agent suppressed replication of these viruses from 6 to 12 h after incubation in a dose-dependent manner by 50% at 20 microm and 90% at 40 microm, respectively. f36 (50 microm) reduced the releas ... | 1995 | 7742801 |
| humoral response to influenza hemagglutinin: oligoclonal spectrotype and failure of thymopentin as immunoadjuvant. | influenza remains a serious cause of illness and death among certain populations. influenza vaccines in use at present are of limited effectiveness due to the high variability of the virus, and trials all over the world are in progress to enhance their immunogenicity. conflicting results, in fact, have been reported about the immune response to influenza vaccination in diverse populations. in this paper we analyzed the antibody response to the hemagglutinin (ha) of the h3n2 a/shangai 16/89 strai ... | 1995 | 7737532 |
| time to peak serum antibody response to influenza vaccine. | the time to the appearance of a peak serum antibody response to influenza virus vaccine is not clearly defined. we compared the most commonly used time intervals described in the literature--4 and 6 weeks after vaccination. we studied 118 elderly patients from three different geographic sites. the 1992 to 1993 trivalent inactivated influenza virus vaccine containing influenza virus a/beijing/353/89 (h3n2), influenza virus a/texas/36/91 (h1n1), and influenza virus b/panama/45/90 was used. no stat ... | 1995 | 7719904 |
| type- and subtype-specific detection of influenza viruses in clinical specimens by rapid culture assay. | a rapid culture assay which allows for the simultaneous typing and subtyping of currently circulating influenza a(h1n1), a(h3n2), and b viruses in clinical specimens was developed. pools of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against influenza a and b viruses and mabs ha1-71 and ha2-76, obtained by immunizing mice with the denatured hemagglutinin subfragments ha1 and ha2 of influenza virus a/victoria/3/75, were used for immunoperoxidase staining of antigens in infected mdck cells. mab ha1-71 reacted ex ... | 1995 | 7714186 |