Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| role of immune serum globulins in pregnant women during an epidemic of hepatitis e. | the efficacy of an indian preparation of immune serum globulins (isg) was evaluated among pregnant women during an epidemic of hepatitis e in karad, western india from january to march 1993. ten of 55 women receiving isg developed immunoglobulin m (igm) antibodies to hepatitis e virus (anti-hev) during the 1 month of follow-up compared with 18 out of 53 control subjects. although the total number of recent hev infections was significantly less in the isg-treated group, no significant difference ... | 1998 | 9658374 |
| epidemiology of hepatitis e virus in male blood donors in jeddah, saudi arabia. | to our knowledge, only a few epidemiological reports on the prevalence of hepatitis e antibodies in saudi blood donors have been published. men of several nationalities, donating blood at king khalid national guard hospital (jeddah, saudi arabia) were selected (n = 593) for this study examining the seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) in the local male donor population and testing the relationship of the antibody to hev (anti-hev) to donor characteristics using odds ratio (or) and chi-squar ... | 1998 | 9638024 |
| hepatitis associated with hepatitis a superinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis c. | 1998 | 9625638 | |
| hepatitis e virus infection: where are we? | 1998 | 9624862 | |
| experimental african hev infection in cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis). | experimental infection with hepatitis e virus (hev) from africa has not been investigated. our purpose was to study hepatitis e produced by hev from chad (north africa) and to analyze the genetic sequence of the hev obtained after animal passage. an hev-containing fecal sample from chad was intravenously inoculated in four cynomolgus macaques. when serum alanine amino transferase (alt) levels rose, open liver biopsy and bile aspiration were performed. in all the monkeys, an alt rise occurred 25 ... | 1998 | 9624606 |
| outbreak of viral hepatitis b in a rural community in india linked to inadequately sterilized needles and syringes. | in india, virtually all outbreaks of viral hepatitis are considered to be due to faeco-orally transmitted hepatitis e virus. recently, a cluster of 15 cases of viral hepatitis b was found in three villages in gujarat state. the cases were epidemiologically linked to the use of inadequately sterilized needles and syringes by a local unqualified medical practitioner. the outbreak evolved slowly over a period of 3 months and was marked by a high case fatality rate (46.7%), probably because of concu ... | 1998 | 9615501 |
| comparison of tests for antibody to hepatitis e virus. | the results of serologic tests for hepatitis e virus have varied widely from laboratory to laboratory, making interpretation of seroepidemiologic studies difficult. the present study compares serologic results with different antigens and tests developed in two laboratories for their ability to diagnose hepatitis e and measure antibody prevalence in a high risk population in saudi arabia. the results confirm that tests based upon open reading frame (orf) 3 of hev are of limited value for seroepid ... | 1998 | 9598934 |
| elevated hepatitis a and e seroprevalence rates in a texas/mexico border community. | two seroprevalence studies of viral hepatitis a and hepatitis e were conducted in el paso, tex, and cd juárez, mexico. subjects were randomly selected, low-income pregnant women. blood from 557 women in el paso and 307 women in cd juárez, obtained from routine prenatal testing, was analyzed for antibodies to hepatitis a and hepatitis e. women from both cities showed high seroprevalence rates of hepatitis a (75.8% in el paso and 96.1% in cd juárez). rates increased significantly by age, with 100% ... | 1998 | 9595956 |
| the impact of traveling to endemic areas on the spread of hepatitis e virus infection: epidemiological and molecular analyses. | traveling to endemic areas carries a risk of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection, but no molecular analysis to document sources of infection is available. eighteen (38%) of 47 patients with acute non-a, non-b, non-c hepatitis were positive for antibody to hev (anti-hev), and 9 (50%) of these were also positive for serum hev rna by polymerase chain reaction following reverse transcription. only 1 (5%) of the 21 patients with acute hepatitis a was positive for hev rna. travel to endemic areas (mostl ... | 1998 | 9581700 |
| role of long-persisting human hepatitis e virus antibodies in protection. | the role of long-persisting hev antibodies in humans was investigated. a well-characterized human volunteer anti-hev (igg) after 4 years of the recovery of the disease was passively immunized (200 mg kg-1 body wt) intramuscularly into three rhesus monkeys (nos 7, 8 and 9), while two monkeys (nos 5 and 6) were injected with normal immunoglobulin preparation (negative for anti-hev igg). at 16 h later all the animals were challenged intravenously with live hev, as 10% stool extract prepared from th ... | 1998 | 9562697 |
| role of hepatitis e virus in sporadic cases of acute and fulminant hepatitis in an endemic area (chad). | forty-one patients with acute or fulminant hepatitis and 86 control patients were entered into a study of sporadic, acute, and fulminant hepatitis in the n'djamena area of chad in 1993. acute hepatitis b was diagnosed in nine (22%) patients and acute hepatitis e in 27 (66%) patients. no acute hepatitis a was observed and 10% of the patients had serologic markers of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection. dual acute hepatitis b and e were observed in four patients (10%) and acute hev infection was ass ... | 1998 | 9546413 |
| the sequence and phylogenetic analysis of a novel hepatitis e virus isolated from a patient with acute hepatitis reported in the united states. | a variant of hepatitis e virus (hev), designated hev us-1, was identified in a hepatitis patient in the united states (us); the patient had no history of travel to areas where hev is endemic. nucleotide sequences were obtained from the 5' end of open reading frame (orf) 1 (1418 nt), the 3' end of orf1 (1359 nt), the entire orf2 and orf3 regions, and the 3'-untranslated region (2127 nt). the hev us-1 strain is significantly divergent from other human hev isolates with nucleotide identities rangin ... | 1998 | 9519822 |
| association of hepatitis e virus with an outbreak of hepatitis at a military training camp in nepal. | from 29 january 1995 to 15 march 1995, an outbreak of hepatitis occurred among 692 soldiers at an isolated training camp 25 km east of kathmandu. thirty-two cases occurred approximately 8 weeks after arrival of soldiers at the camp. to determine the etiology of the outbreak, patient sera were examined for evidence of infection with hepatitis a, b, c, and e viruses using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) kits. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to detect h ... | 1998 | 9515765 |
| is hepatitis e virus transfusion-transmitted to children? | 1997 | 9510932 | |
| genotyping of hepatitis e virus in clinical specimens by restriction endonuclease analysis. | the genomic variability of hepatitis e virus (hev) was examined by restriction endonuclease analysis (rea) of four genomic cdna copies comprising a 499 bp segment of the putative polymerase gene, a 264 bp segment of the helicase gene, and two, 680 bp and 448 bp, segments of the capsid gene. analysis of the deduced restriction sites of all 27 hev sequences currently available in the genbank, and digestion of reverse-transcribed and nested pcr amplified segments obtained from six nepali isolates w ... | 1998 | 9506814 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e antibodies in healthy persons in southern italy. | the aim of the study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of hev antibodies in blood donors and in healthy persons in calabria (italy). an age-stratified sample of blood from donors was drawn at a regional transfusion service. sixty persons were enrolled for each of the following age-groups: 18-20, 21-30, 41-50, 51-60, > 60 years, whereas 61 persons were enrolled in the 31-40 age-group. in the oldest age-group 38 subjects were enrolled among healthy subjects attending an outpatient clinic. partici ... | 1998 | 9505177 |
| high level expression of the capsid protein of hepatitis e virus in diverse eukaryotic cells using the semliki forest virus replicon. | the capsid protein of hepatitis e virus (hev) is encoded by open reading frame 2 (orf 2) and exhibits variable processing when expressed in insect and cos cells, but nothing is known of its processing in cells relevant to its replication. the full-length orf 2 protein was expressed at high levels in mammalian cells by insertion of orf 2 in the semliki forest virus (sfv) replicon to generate rsfv/hev orf 2k. expression of the capsid protein was detected readily by metabolic labelling and indirect ... | 1997 | 9504754 |
| identification of hepatitis e virus in clinical specimens: amplification of hydroxyapatite-purified virus rna and restriction endonuclease analysis. | a multi-site nested reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) followed by restriction endonuclease analysis (rea) was developed to identify hepatitis e virus (hev) in clinical specimens. four sets of primers were selected to amplify regions in the hev genome supposed to encode the helicase, polymerase, and parts of the viral capsid protein. digestion of the nested pcr products with hinfi, haeii, avaii, bgli, kpni, smai, or ecori generated readily recognizable profiles that con ... | 1997 | 9504751 |
| evaluation of assays for antibody to hepatitis e virus by a serum panel. hepatitis e virus antibody serum panel evaluation group. | few data are available to evaluate the performance of existing assays for antibody to the hepatitis e virus (anti-hev). a panel of 164 randomized and coded sera was tested for anti-hev by 12 different assays. the panel included a dilution series of an early convalescent human serum, known-positive sera (undiluted human sera obtained 2 months to 13 years after acute hepatitis e, and postinoculation chimpanzee sera), known-negative sera (preinoculation chimpanzee sera; sera from chimpanzees with h ... | 1998 | 9500718 |
| hepatitis c, e and g virus--three new viruses identified by molecular biology technique in the last decade. | the development of molecular biology techniques has enabled us to clone the genetic sequence of three new hepatitis viruses, namely, hepatitis c virus, hepatitis e virus and hepatitis g, or gbv-c virus in the last decade. hepatitis c virus (hcv) is now known to account for the majority of the parenterally transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis and hepatitis e virus (hev) is the major cause of the epidemics of enterally transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis in the less developed countries, mainly throug ... | 1997 | 9494678 |
| emerging disease surveillance in southeast asia. | the emergence of infectious disease causing agents/pathogens necessitates a rational surveillance approach leading to early detection and appropriate intervention. surveillance activities with support from the us naval medical research unit no. 2 (namru-2), targeting susceptible populations/areas in southeast asia, have been organised using a multi-design strategy: 1) systematic multi-size (usually hospital-based) study; 2) investigation of (suspected) outbreak events involving significant case ... | 1997 | 9494669 |
| [hepatitis e antibodies in blood donors, hemodialysis patients and in normal people]. | a substantial proportion of cases of enterically transmitted acute viral hepatitis occurring in young to middle-aged adults in asia and the indian subcontinent is caused by the hepatitis e virus (hev). it is transmitted mainly by contaminated drinking water and is associated with a high mortality rate (up to 20%) in pregnant women. chronic forms of hepatitis e are not known. an enzyme immunoassay (eia) for the detection of igg antibodies to hepatitis e (abbott), based on two recombinant hev anti ... | 1994 | 9480068 |
| structural characterization of recombinant hepatitis e virus orf2 proteins in baculovirus-infected insect cells. | the hepatitis e virus (hev) capsid antigen has been proposed as a candidate subunit vaccine for the prevention of hepatitis e. the full-length hev orf2 protein product is predicted to contain 660 amino acids and to weigh 72,000 daltons. expression of the hev orf2 capsid gene from recombinant baculoviruses in insect cells produced multiple immunoreactive proteins ranging in size from 30 to 100 kda. the most abundant hev proteins had molecular weights of 72, 63, 56, and 53 kda. temporal expression ... | 1998 | 9473460 |
| [prevalence of hepatitis e virus antibodies in blood donors and other population groups in southern chile]. | little is known about hepatitis e virus (hev) prevalence in south american countries. anti-hev was studied in 1,773 subjects from 1,360 blood donors of 3 cities in chile, 72 in health care workers, 241 inmates in state jails, and in 100 araucanian indians. anti-hev was detected in 109 out of 1,360 (8.0%) total donors (6.3%, 6.1%, and 18.8% from the cities of valdivia, osorno and puerto montt respectively); 9 out of 72 (12.5%) health care workers; 18 out of 241 (7.5%) inmates, and 17 out of 100 ( ... | 1997 | 9460262 |
| hepatitis e virus in nepal: similarities with the burmese and indian variants. | hepatitis e has been the predominant type of acute hepatitis in nepal both in adults and children, in sporadic and epidemic forms. we examined six hepatitis e virus (hev) isolates obtained during an 8-year period, from 1987 to 1995, in the kathmandu valley of nepal. analysis of portions of the putative helicase, polymerase and capsid genes demonstrated close genetic relatedness among themselves (> 96.4% identity) and with the burmese (> 95.5%) and indian (> 95.3%) isolates, and less so with the ... | 1997 | 9453147 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis e virus among hemodialysis patients in sweden. | in order to study the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis e virus (hev) among hemodialysis patients and to evaluate whether chronic hemodialysis is associated with an increased risk of exposure to hev in developed countries, the igg anti-hev was determined in serum samples obtained from 182 patients on chronic hemodialysis and 349 statistically selected, healthy swedish control subjects. serum specimens from 11 of the 182 (6.0%) hemodialysis patients and from 18 of the 349 (5.2%) control subject ... | 1998 | 9443107 |
| low risk of hepatitis e among swedish un soldiers serving in lebanon. | 1997 | 9433079 | |
| acute hepatitis e by a new isolate acquired in the united states. | to report the first case of acute hepatitis e by a novel isolate acquired in the united states and confirmed by nucleotide sequencing. | 1997 | 9413292 |
| recombinant vaccine against hepatitis e: dose response and protection against heterologous challenge. | thirty-two rhesus monkeys were used to evaluate the dose response of a recombinant hev vaccine, and the efficacy of the vaccine based on the orf2 protein of the pakistani strain for pre- and post-exposure vaccination against intravenous challenge with homologous or heterologous virus was examined. post-exposure vaccination did not protect animals against hepatitis. although primates vaccinated twice with 50-microgram, 10-microgram, 2-microgram, or 0.4-microgram doses of the recombinant 55 kda or ... | 1997 | 9413090 |
| [markers of hepatitis c and e virus in burundi (central africa)]. | the prevalence of antibodies to the hepatitis c virus (hcv) and hepatitis e virus (hev) was measured in a group of 129 adults (mean +/- sd age 44.7 +/- 13.5 years) from bujumbura, burundi, central africa. sera were tested using a second generation elisa and lia for antibodies to hcv (antihcv), and elisa for antibodies to hev (antihev). the prevalence of antihcv was 27.1%, very high, in agreement which data from other countries of central africa, hyperendemic area for hvc. the prevalence of antih ... | 1997 | 9410245 |
| characterization of hepatitis e virus (hev) from algeria and chad by partial genome sequence. | the purpose of this study was to analyze partial nucleotide sequences and derived peptide sequences of hepatitis e virus (hev) from two outbreaks of hepatitis e in africa (chad 1983-1984; algeria 1978-1980). a portion of orf3 and the major portion of orf2 were amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the pcr products were sequenced directly or after cloning into the pcrii vector. sequences were then compared to the corresponding regions of reported full length hev s ... | 1997 | 9407381 |
| [establishment and application of reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction for detection of hepatitis e rna in serum]. | a reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (rt-npcr) for detection of hepatitis e virus (hev) rna in serum was established using two pairs of oligonucleotide acid from open reading frame 1 and 2 (orf1 and orf2) of hev cdna as the inner and outer primers. eleven serial sera from two rhesus monkeys experimentally infected with hev were tested for hev rna with established rt-npcr. hev rna became detectable in these two monkeys on the sixth day and the ninth day, respectively, and pers ... | 1996 | 9388906 |
| [incidence of sporadic hepatitis e in ivory coast based on still problematic serology]. | the first well-documented outbreak of viral hepatitis e in africa was described in 1986 in côte d'lvoire. subsequently, no other outbreaks have been observed in the country. côte d'lvoire therefore offers an excellent opportunity to evaluate the prevalence of sporadic viral hepatitis e in a country where the frequency of non-a, non-b, non-c viral hepatitis appears to be high. the study was carried out in abidjan, the most populous city, and involved 111 hospitalized patients suffering from non-a ... | 1997 | 9377791 |
| in vitro infection and replication of hepatitis e virus in primary cynomolgus macaque hepatocytes. | an in vitro model was developed to replicate hepatitis e virus (hev) in normal primary cynomolgus macaque hepatocytes using a hormonally defined, serum-free medium formulation. primary hepatocytes were infected in tissue culture following isolation by collagenase treatment of liver wedge biopsy material. viral replication was monitored by a highly strand-specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay, which could detect the positive- and negative-strands of hev rna indep ... | 1997 | 9375013 |
| sporadic hepatitis e in southern india. | 1997 | 9373629 | |
| the orf3 protein of hepatitis e virus is a phosphoprotein that associates with the cytoskeleton. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major human pathogen in the developing world. in the absence of an in vitro culture system, very little information exists on the basic biology of the virus. a small protein (approximately 13.5 kda) of unknown function, porf3, is encoded by the third open reading frame of hev. we expressed porf3 in transiently transfected cos-1 and huh-7 cells and showed that it is a phosphoprotein which is modified at a serine residue(s). deletion and site-directed mutants were crea ... | 1997 | 9371561 |
| emerging and re-emerging hepatitis viruses. | 1997 | 9348167 | |
| a cluster of acute hepatitis e infection in united nations bangladeshi peacekeepers in haiti. | in the fall of 1995, within a month of deployment to haiti for peacekeeping duty, four bangladeshi soldiers developed acute icteric hepatitis in rapid succession. hepatitis e virus (hev) was found to be the etiology by demonstrating hev genomic sequences in serum samples by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and serologically by the detection of elevated igm titers to hev. no case had serologic evidence of acute hepatitis a or c infection. the soldiers had probably acquired their infection whil ... | 1997 | 9347962 |
| [the seroprevalence for hepatitis e viral antibodies in the northern region of portugal (among the donor population)]. | the authors have undertaken a study in the north of portugal in what concerns the prevalence of antibodies for hev donors. this study was transverse through observation and survey. a sample of 1.473 donors was randomly selected from among the population of donors of the oporto regional blood centre. this sample was representative of the northern region and stratified by district. the usual eia method has been used to search for hev antibodies. the results, which were repeatedly reactive, have be ... | 1997 | 9341036 |
| african strains of hepatitis e virus that are distinct from asian strains. | partial genomic sequences of four hepatitis e virus (hev) strains from africa (morocco and tunisia) and one from central asia (tashkent, uzbekistan) were obtained. the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify 5' and hypervariable regions of open reading frame 1 (orf1) and a region overlapping all 3 orfs. sequence analysis of these regions revealed the african strains to be quite distinct from all known asian strains but more similar to them than to the mexican strain. ... | 1997 | 9334924 |
| acute hepatitis e in catania (eastern sicily) 1980-1994. the role of hepatitis e virus. | between 1980 and 1994, 540 patients with acute viral hepatitis were admitted to hospital at the department of infectious diseases of catania (eastern sicily). twenty-five patients out of 540 were assessed as having non-a, non-b, non-c hepatitis. these subjects were studied for anti-hev igm and igg seroprevalence by testing serial serum samples collected 1, 4, 12 and 24 weeks after the onset of acute disease. fourteen of 25 samples (56%) seroconverted to anti-hev igg antibodies. no sample was pos ... | 1997 | 9334869 |
| [new hepatitis viruses]. | until 1987 only the hepatitis viridae a, b and d were discovered. all other viral agencies of hepatitis were summarized under the term non-a-non-b virus. by modern methods of molecular biology and recombinant gene technology, several new hepatitis viridac could be identified and their structure partly characterized. the hepatitis virus e (hev) is predominantly transferred through the fecal-oral path, the hepatitis viridae c and g predominantly parenteral. the structure and molecular biology of t ... | 1997 | 9333914 |
| hepatitis e virus: a global view of its seroepidemiology and transmission pattern. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection causes epidemic outbreaks as well as sporadic disease in many parts of the world. it has been detected in travellers from endemic regions and also in native citizens of developed countries. in contrast to epidemics where predominantly adults are infected, hev is found to be a common cause of acute sporadic hepatitis in children as well. a high incidence of hev infection has been noted in pregnant ladies. further, hev has an association with other hepatotropic vi ... | 1997 | 9323914 |
| emerging viral pathogens in long-term expatriates (i): hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is one of the so-called 'emerging' viral pathogens, whose role is increasingly being recognized. to estimate the risk of hev infection during long-term stays in hev-endemic countries, 500 serum samples obtained from development aid workers and their family members who had spent on average 9 years in hev-endemic regions were tested for antibodies against hev by elisa and immunoblot. we found seroprevalence rates of 5-6% with no significant differences related to gender or ... | 1997 | 9315047 |
| expression and self-assembly of empty virus-like particles of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a pathogenic agent that causes fecally-orally transmitted acute hepatitis. the genome, a single-stranded positive-sense rna, encodes three forward open reading frames (orfs), in which an approximately 2-kb structural protein is located in the 3' end. to produce hev-like particles the structural protein, with its n terminus truncated (amino acid residues 112 to 660 of orf2), was expressed in insect tn5 cells by a recombinant baculovirus. in addition to the primary trans ... | 1997 | 9311793 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus in an adult urban population from burundi. | the prevalence of antibodies to the hepatitis e virus (hev) was measured in a group of 129 adults from bujumbura, burundi, using an elisa. the prevalence of anti-hev igg was 14%, much lower than that of hepatitis a virus (hav) (97.7%). in addition to the lability of antibodies to hev, this difference might be explained by the extensive availability of good-quality drinking water in the city. the presence of serologic markers of hbv (77.6%), hcv (27.1%), and human immunodeficiency virus (30.2%) w ... | 1997 | 9311635 |
| epidemiological study of viral hepatitis types a, b, c, d and e among inuits in west greenland. | a descriptive study was performed to evaluate the relative frequencies and molecular epidemiological features of viral hepatitis types a to e among the inuit population in west greenland. serum samples were collected from 503 inuits (186 males and 317 females; mean age 35 years; range 7-79 years) and were tested for markers of viral hepatitis infection. the hepatitis a prevalence averaged 54%, with a significant rise from 9% to 50% between the second and third decade of life. as for hepatitis b, ... | 1997 | 9310933 |
| [analysis of the organization of immunodominant epitopes of hepatitis virus e orf2 and orf3 proteins using synthetic peptides]. | a set of synthetic peptides of different length derived from proteins encoded by open reading frames (orf) 1, 2, and 3 of hepatitis e virus (hev) genome was synthesized and tested for antigenicity in indirect enzyme immunoassay. peptides 414-433 (orf2 protein) and 99-119 (orf3) specifically react with antihev-positive sera collected during outbreaks in the central asian areas of the former ussr. the antigenic structure of the central asian variants and the burmese types of hev was found similar. | 1997 | 9297336 |
| [epidemiological study of hepatitis a and e viruses in different populations in uruguay]. | the hepatitis a and e virus (hav and hev) share the fecal-oral mechanism. hepatitis a is an endemo-epidemic disease in uruguay but no data on the epidemiologic pattern of the hev is available. the aims of this study were to update the epidemiologic behavior of the hav in montevideo and demonstrate the circulation of the hev in uruguay. two hundred fourteen patients who consulted in the policlínica de nutrición y digestivo were studied, 185 (86%) of whom were anti hav (havab, abbot) positive. 81. ... | 1997 | 9296844 |
| rates of hepatitis e virus infection and disease among adolescents and adults in kathmandu, nepal. | to determine hepatitis e virus (hev) infection and disease rates in the kathmandu valley of nepal, serum was collected from 757 healthy nepalese (ages 12-48 years) during march and september 1992 and september 1993. at each visit, reports of interval illness were obtained. sera were examined for igg to hev, using a commercially available kit. seroconversion was used as a marker for hev infection, and an episode of hepatitis e was defined as a history of jaundice with seroconversion. seroprevalen ... | 1997 | 9291328 |
| water-borne hepatitis e virus epidemic in islamabad, pakistan: a common source outbreak traced to the malfunction of a modern water treatment plant. | during december 1993 and in the first three months of 1994, an explosive water-borne epidemic of hepatitis e virus (hev) occurred in two sectors of islamabad, pakistan. in a survey of a population of 36,705 individuals, a total of 3,827 cases of acute icteric hepatitis were recorded with an overall attack rate (ar) of 10.4%. the etiologic role of hev in the epidemic was proven by demonstrating anti-hev igg and hev igm in the tested serum samples. the water-borne nature of the epidemic was sugges ... | 1997 | 9288807 |
| short report: further evidence for hepatitis e in the brazilian amazon. | during an investigation of a hepatitis outbreak occurring in a small village in the brazilian amazon, serum samples from 16 recent hepatitis cases and 66 of their asymptomatic relatives were tested for the presence of hepatitis a, b, c, and e markers. sanitation is poor and organized disposal of sewage is absent in the village. two of the 16 hepatitis cases were non-a, non-b and non-c hepatitis, but their sera reacted to hepatitis e antibodies of the igg class (anti-hev). likewise, sera from sev ... | 1997 | 9288806 |
| antibody to hepatitis e virus in hiv-infected individuals and aids patients. | antibody to hepatitis e virus of igg class (anti-hev igg) is regularly detected in industrialized countries, where hev is non-endemic, at levels not exceeding 2-3%; seropositive individuals are often found in certain groups of patients and professionals exposed to an increased risk of blood-borne infections. the present study was aimed at the identification of anti-hev igg in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, including acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), living ... | 1997 | 9278226 |
| a preliminary study on immune response to hepatitis e virus dna vaccine in mice. | in order to elicit immune response to hepatitis e virus (hev) with the method of direct injection of naked dna. | 1996 | 9275321 |
| a novel virus in swine is closely related to the human hepatitis e virus. | a novel virus, designated swine hepatitis e virus (swine hev), was identified in pigs. swine hev crossreacts with antibody to the human hev capsid antigen. swine hev is a ubiquitous agent and the majority of swine >/=3 months of age in herds from the midwestern united states were seropositive. young pigs naturally infected by swine hev were clinically normal but had microscopic evidence of hepatitis, and developed viremia prior to seroconversion. the entire orfs 2 and 3 were amplified by reverse ... | 1997 | 9275216 |
| seroepidemiological study of an acute hepatitis e outbreak in morocco. | this study clearly shows that hepatitis e virus (hev) was the major aetiological virus in an outbreak in the south of morocco, in 1994. acute hepatitis e was diagnosed using recombinant antigen-based enzyme immunoassays and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 77.3% of patients. in the west of morocco, 6.1% of controls were positive for anti-hev igg. the anti-hev prevalence in patients was significantly higher than that of controls (84.0% vs. 6.1%) (p < 0.001). in healthy contacts ... | 1997 | 9272579 |
| hepatitis e virus in haemodialysis. | 1997 | 9269074 | |
| [from non-a non-b hepatitis to hepatitis c]. | in 1974, the existence of hepatitis serologically distinct from hepatitis a and b was recognized. they were tentatively designated non-a non-b. they accounted for 90% of post-transfusional hepatitis. during 15 years numerous studies failed to identify agent(s) responsible for these hepatitis. in 1989 the virus responsible for parenteral non-a non-b hepatitis was identified and named hepatitis c virus. shortly after, the virus responsible for enteral non-a, non-b was also discovered (hepatitis e ... | 1997 | 9264787 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a, c, and e viruses in different ethnic groups in french guiana. | in order to determine the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a, c, and e viruses (hav, hcv, and hev) in the various ethnic groups and areas of french guiana, sera (996 for hcv and hev, 941 for hav) were tested for antibodies to these viruses using elisas. differences in hav seroprevalence were found for different age groups, with a large increase in people aged 20-30 years in comparison with those under 20. after logistic analysis, significant differences were found between places of residenc ... | 1997 | 9260693 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the caliciviruses. | a phylogenetic portrait of the genus calicivirus in the family caliciviridae was developed based upon published sequences and newly characterized calicivirus (cv) strains, including additional sapporo-like hucv strains in pediatric diarrhea stool specimens from south africa, the united kingdom, and the united states. distance and parsimony methods were applied to nucleotide and amino acid sequences of human and animal calicivirus 3d rna-dependent rna polymerase (approximately 470nt) and capsid h ... | 1997 | 9260691 |
| etiology of acute non-a, b, c hepatitis in thai patients: preliminary study. | to better characterize the etiology of acute non-a, b, c hepatitis, 24 sera from 50 acute hepatitis without acute markers for hepatitis a, b, and c were examined for acute markers for the hepatitis e virus (hev), cytomegalovirus (cmv), herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), and epstein-barr virus. immunoglobulin m (igm) specific for hev, hsv-2, and cmv was detected using elisa and total ig specific to ebv was determined by standard indirect immunofluorescence. igm to cmv was not observed in sera f ... | 1996 | 9253895 |
| acute viral hepatitis e: clinical and serologic studies in singapore. | seroprevalence of hepatitis e is now documented in many countries around the world, but studies of its clinical manifestations and serologic course have been confined to endemic areas. we have prospectively evaluated the occurrence, evolution, and outcome of acute hepatitis e in our patients. fifteen patients (11 men, 4 women; median age: 41 years) were diagnosed to have acute, sporadic hepatitis e between july 1993 and january 1995; 10 of the 15 were followed up. sera anti-hepatitis e virus (he ... | 1997 | 9252848 |
| hepatitis e virus and salmonella paratyphi a coinfection. | we report a patient with simultaneous salmonella paratyphi a and hepatitis e virus infection. the possibility of coinfection with water borne diseases in india is emphasized. | 1997 | 9248192 |
| epidemic and sporadic hepatitis e virus transmission in west kalimantan (borneo), indonesia. | a cross-sectional survey was conducted in west kalimantan (borneo), indonesia to geographically profile hepatitis e virus (hev) prevalence in the riverine areas recognized as the foci of epidemic hev transmission in 1987. additionally, a contiguous, although distinct, population with no identifiable historical exposure to epidemic hev was surveyed downstream for comparative purposes. eight hundred eighty-five sera were assayed by enzyme immunoabsorbent assay for anti-hev igg and anti-hepatitis a ... | 1997 | 9242320 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus igg antibodies in patients from a referral unit of liver diseases in salvador, bahia, brazil. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is prevalent in asia and africa. recently, it was also described in mexico, but epidemiologic data from other latin american countries are scarce. the seroprevalence of anti-hev in a referral hepatology unit in northern brazil was determined by testing for anti-hev igg in 701 serum samples from our serum bank. specimens analyzed were from 200 blood donors, 79 patients with acute viral hepatitis (avh), 392 hemodialyzed patients, and 30 carriers of schistosomiasis. duplicat ... | 1997 | 9242319 |
| expression, characterization, and immunoreactivities of a soluble hepatitis e virus putative capsid protein species expressed in insect cells. | the hepatitis e virus (hev) open reading frame-2 (orf-2) is predicted to encode a 71-kda putative capsid protein involved in virus particle formation. when insect spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells were infected with a recombinant baculovirus containing the entire orf-2 sequence, two types of recombinant proteins were produced; an insoluble protein of 73 kda and a soluble protein of 62 kda. the 62-kda species was shown to be a proteolytic cleavage product of the 73-kda protein. n-terminal sequenc ... | 1997 | 9220158 |
| [a case of acute hepatitis e]. | 1997 | 9216226 | |
| evidence in favour of high infection rate with hepatitis e virus among young children in india. | 1997 | 9210634 | |
| amino-terminal epitopes are exposed when full-length open reading frame 2 of hepatitis e virus is expressed in escherichia coli, but carboxy-terminal epitopes are masked. | we constructed a panel of overlapping and non-overlapping fragments of cdna derived from open reading frame 2 (orf2) of hepatitis e virus (hev) and fused to the gene encoding glutathione s-transferase (gst), from which proteins were expressed in escherichia coli. igg-specific immunoreactivity against each protein was measured by western immunoblotting using sera from experimentally infected rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) or from hev-infected patients. under these conditions, full-length orf2 p ... | 1997 | 9210039 |
| [prevalence of serum anti-hepatitis e virus antibodies in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection]. | 1997 | 9208027 | |
| prevalence of and risk factors for antibody to hepatitis e virus seroreactivity among blood donors in northern california. | to evaluate antibody to hepatitis e virus (anti-hev) seroreactivity, 5000 us blood donors were tested for anti-hev by two eias: a mosaic protein assay (mpr-eia) and a recombinant protein assay (rpr-eia). overall, 59 (1.2%) were seroreactive by mpr-eia and 70 (1.4%) were seroreactive by rpr-eia. the overall concordance between tests was 98.5% (4925/5000); the concordance among reactive sera by either test was only 27% (27/102). in a case-control study, seroreactive persons were more likely than s ... | 1997 | 9207347 |
| high prevalence of hepatitis e virus antibodies in spanish hemodialysis patients. | 1997 | 9200420 | |
| [hepatitis e virus infection in chile: preliminary report]. | hepatitis e virus is an enterally transmitted virus that produces an acute self limited infection. | 1996 | 9196994 |
| tropical aspects of viral hepatitis. hepatitis e. | hepatitis e (hev) is a faeco-orally transmitted hepatitis virus. it has many features similar to hepatitis a but some differences, notably the high mortality caused by hev in pregnant women. a vaccine is being developed but at the moment only a clean water supply will reduce the number of cases in areas where the virus is endemic. | 1997 | 9196746 |
| expression and characterization of the hepatitis e virus orf3 protein in the methylotrophic yeast, pichia pastoris. | we have used the methylotrophic yeast, pichia pastoris, to express the open reading frame 3 (orf3) of the hepatitis e virus (hev). the orf3 gene codes for a 123-amino-acid protein that contains highly immunodominant epitopes and is a potentially useful diagnostic and immunoprophylactic antigen. the expressed protein showed positive on immunoblots probed against antibodies raised in rabbit and infected human patient sera. in order to optimize the orf3 protein expression, we have examined the regu ... | 1997 | 9185850 |
| [study of hepatitis e virus replication in frhk-4 cell culture]. | the cytolytic form of hepatitis e virus reproduction in frhk-4 cells is described. the cytopathic effect was observed by days 6-7 of the 25th passage in this cell culture. reverse transcription with polymerase chain reaction were used to study virus reproduction daily for 10 days postinfection. the virus replication starts on day 4 after inoculation. the development of the cytopathic effect depended on the serum concentration in culture medium, whereas the virus replication did not depend on thi ... | 1997 | 9182401 |
| epidemiology of hepatitis e virus infection. | hepatitis e is an acute, icteric, self-limiting disease, which is spread widely in many tropical and subtropical countries where it occurs both in the form of epidemics of variable magnitude or sporadically. hepatitis e affects young adults, rather than children, and causes a high mortality rate, particularly in pregnant women. in industrialized countries this disease occurs occasionally as imported sporadic cases. the aetiological cause of hepatitis e is a virus, hepatitis e virus (hev), which ... | 1997 | 9181524 |
| a new pcr-based seroneutralization assay in cell culture for diagnosis of hepatitis e. | a new method for the serological diagnosis of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection based on neutralization of the virus in cell culture was developed. the test involves a short incubation of the virus in the presence of the serum sample to be tested and permissive cells. with viral replication being limited and without a cytopathic effect, viral growth in cells is evaluated by reverse transcription and pcr. the specificity of the test was established by studying sera from healthy individuals and pa ... | 1997 | 9163446 |
| dna inoculation with a plasmid vector carrying the hepatitis e virus structural protein gene induces immune response in mice. | the plasmid construct, pjhev, containing the full-length open reading frame 2 (orf-2) of hepatitis e virus (hev) gene, expresses the hev structural protein orf-2 in cos-7 cells under the control of a hcmv promoter. no orf-2 protein could be detected in cos-7 cells transfected with either vector alone or with a vector containing the orf-2 of hev in the incorrect orientation. the successful construct was further tested in balb/c (h-2d) mice for the induction of an orf-2 specific immune response. i ... | 1997 | 9141205 |
| detection of antibodies to hepatitis e virus in patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis. | viral hepatitis e (hiv) frequently causes epidemic outbreaks in many developing countries. it is also present in developed countries as imported cases. the role of hepatitis a virus as trigger for autoimmune chronic hepatitis has been demonstrated, and it has been suggested that this may also apply to hev. | 1997 | 9140163 |
| magnitude of hepatitis c virus infection in india: prevalence in healthy blood donors, acute and chronic liver diseases. | an enzyme immunoassay (eia) was developed in-house for the detection of anti-hepatitis c virus (hcv) antibody against the prevailing genotypes in india. the specific reactivity of the test was compared with commercial second and third-generation eias and reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction (rt-nested pcr). fifteen thousand nine hundred twenty-two healthy blood donors at the all india institute of medical sciences (aiims), new delhi, india, were screened for anti-hcv antibody. ... | 1997 | 9139079 |
| [hepatitis e virus infection. hepatitis outbreaks]. | a non-enveloped virus: the hepatitis e virus is non-enveloped and measures approximately 32-34 nm in diameter. its genome is a single stranded 7.5 kb rna with three open-reading frames designated orfi, 2 and 3. there is only one genotype, but several strains have been identified, with relatively high homology. large outbreaks: the virus is transmitted by the teco-oral route, usually from contaminated drinking water. large outbreaks, sometimes involving over 100,00 cases, have been reported in ma ... | 1997 | 9137405 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e in a central italian town at high endemicity for hepatitis c virus. | in the spring of 1994, the occurrence of hepatitis e virus antibodies was evaluated in 653 subjects representing all age-groups in the general population of a central italian town, where a high hepatitis c virus prevalence had been reported. the overall anti-hev prevalence was 2.6% ranging from 1.4% in the 30-49 age-group to 5.7% (p < 0.01) in the 60-70 age-group; none of the subjects under 30 years of age were positive. sociodemographic variables, such as family size and years of schooling were ... | 1996 | 9131399 |
| etiology of sporadic acute and fulminant non-a, non-b viral hepatitis in north india. | viral hepatitis is a major public health problem in india. | 1997 | 9114568 |
| seroreactivity to hepatitis e virus in areas where the disease is not endemic. | if the occurrence of hepatitis e virus antibody (anti-hev) in regions where the disease is not endemic represents infection, rates may be greater in high-risk populations and behavioral correlates may reflect recognized transmission modes. serum samples from 300 homosexual males, 300 injection drug users (idus), and 300 blood donors from baltimore, md., were tested for anti-hev by enzyme immunoassay. anti-hev was found in an unexpectedly high percentage of homosexual men (15.9%) and idus (23.0%) ... | 1997 | 9114415 |
| viral hepatitis in the bhutanese population: preliminary results of a seroepidemiological investigation. | a seroepidemiological study of the prevalence of markers related to the most common forms of viral hepatitis was carried out in bhutan on 1,666 healthy people of both sexes, from the general population. a group of 440 pregnant women were screened separately. our results suggest that in bhutan, hepatitis a and hepatitis b are widespread, while there is a low prevalence of hepatitis c and e. anti-hav (anti-hepatitis a virus) was found in all 171 tested subjects over 12 years of age, and anti-hbc ( ... | 1997 | 9108610 |
| [seroepidemiology of hepatitis e in the state of hidalgo]. | in mexico two epidemics of hepatitis e have been reported; however, we unknown the prevalence of the infection in general population. | 1996 | 9102746 |
| detection of hev rna in faeces, by rt-pcr during the epidemics of hepatitis e in india (1976-1995). | out of the 15 hepatitis e (hev) epidemics that occurred during the years 1976-1995 in the gujarat and maharashtra states of india, 45.78% (76/166) stool samples showed the presence of hev rna. hev rna was found significantly more often in samples that were transported in liquid nitrogen (50.9%) compared with samples that were transported in wet ice (37.0%) (p < 0.05). stool samples collected within 7 days after the onset of the disease (59.2%) were more often positive for hev rna when compared w ... | 1997 | 9097269 |
| aetiology and prognostic factors in hepatic failure in central india. | the present study was undertaken to establish the aetiology and prognostic factors of liver failure in central india. of the 122 cases of hepatic failure 95 (78%), 19 (15.5%) and 8 (6.5%) were labelled as fulminant hepatic failure (fhf), chronic hepatic failure (chf) and subacute hepatic failure (sahf) respectively. hepatitis e virus (hev) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) were aetiological agents amongst 41% (n = 39) and 37% (n = 35) patients with fhf respectively. mixed infection among such cases ev ... | 1996 | 9094861 |
| hepatitis e virus and primary biliary cirrhosis. | 1997 | 9068808 | |
| polymerase chain reaction analysis for viral nucleic acids in acute sporadic hepatitis patients negative for serum hepatitis b surface antigen and antibodies to hepatitis c virus. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is both very sensitive and very valuable in the clarification of the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis from type a to e (hav to hev). | 1996 | 9068203 |
| [severe acute cholestatic viral hepatitis e in a non-pregnant woman]. | during a journey in germany a 25-year-old french woman, who had been living in india for 6 months, developed a severe acute hepatitis with marked jaundice and transitory liver failure. | 1997 | 9064229 |
| severe hepatitis e infection during pregnancy. | in areas with endemic hepatitis e virus (hev), acute liver failure secondary to hepatitis e infection is common in pregnancy and associated with a mortality rate of up to 20%. however, there is little information on the clinical course of severe hepatitis e infection during pregnancy in non-endemic areas such as the uk. here we describe two cases of severe hepatitis e in pregnancy in patients returning from the indian subcontinent. these cases were diagnosed by the detection of igm anti-hev anti ... | 1997 | 9031065 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in haemodialysis patients: a seroepidemiological survey. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the causative agent for enteric non-a, non-b hepatitis. transmission is via the faecal route but the possibility of transmission by blood has been raised. data concerning anti-hev prevalence among chronic haemodialysis (hd) patients are few and give conflicting results. | 1997 | 9027787 |
| consecutive evaluation of immunoglobulin m and g antibodies against hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is sporadic in the guangzhou city southern china. however, the evaluation of antibodies to hev during consecutive time periods after infection has not been reported. we utilized enzyme immunosorbent assay (elisa) to defect igm and igg anti-hev in consecutive serum specimens from patients with acute hepatitis e and compared that data with detection rates of igm and igg anti-hav in patients with acute hepatitis a. igm anti-hev can be detected as early as 4 days af ... | 1996 | 9027645 |
| [hepatitis e]. | 1996 | 9027186 | |
| [viral hepatitis e]. | thanks to progress in serologic techniques evidence was obtained in 1980 showing that acute hepatitis epidemics observed in india were due to neither virus a nor virus b. the presence of another virus was confirmed and its genome was cloned and sequenced in 1991. hepatitis virus e is a small rna virus that differs from other known human viruses. man and probably a few animal species maintain dissemination by the fecal route. subjects not previously contaminated are susceptible and produce protec ... | 1996 | 9026599 |
| acute sporadic non-a, non-b, non-c, non-d, non-d, non-e hepatitis. | patients presenting with clinical and laboratory features consistent with a diagnosis of acute non-a, non-b hepatitis were evaluated for evidence of hepatitis c or hepatitis e infection and for evidence of severe or prolonged disease. antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) was detected in 75 of 108 (69%) patients, antibody to hepatitis e virus (anti-hev) in three patients (3%), and neither antibody in 31 (29%) patients. one patient had both anti-hcv and anti-hev. hcv rna was not detected in se ... | 1997 | 9021967 |
| acute viral hepatitis in hanoi, viet nam. | a study of acute hepatitis was conducted in hanoi, viet nam, from january 1993 to february 1995; 188 sera from clinical hepatitis cases were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin (ig) m anti-hepatitis a virus (hav), igm anti-hepatitis b core antigen (hbc), igg anti-hepatitis c virus (hcv), igg anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) and igm anti-hev. additionally, 187 sera from control subjects, matched by age, sex and month of admission, with no recent history of hepatitis, were ... | 1996 | 9015503 |
| possible aetiological role of hepatitis e virus in acute non-a, non-b, non-c hepatitis in saudi arabia. | during a period of 10 months, 69 saudi arabian patients (14 children and 55 adults) were diagnosed as having acute non-a, non-b, non-c (na, b, c) hepatitis at king khalid university hospital, riyadh, saudi arabia. seven of the paediatric patients had anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) immunoglobulin (ig) m and anti-hev igg; 26 adults (47.3%) had anti-hev igm and 30 (54.5%) had anti-hev igg. these results, together with the fact that none of the 40 patients with acute hepatitis a virus infection, none ... | 1996 | 9015502 |