Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| perspectives on pandemics: a research agenda. | during the 20th century, indisputable pandemics of influenza occurred in 1918, 1957, and 1968. the pandemics of 1957 (a/h2n2) and 1968 (a/h3n2) were associated with major antigenic changes in the virus, probably reflecting introduction by recombination of animal virus genes. the 1918 epidemic is beyond the reach of modern virology but, based on seroarcheology, appears to have been caused by a virus very similar to present swine (a/h1n1) influenza viruses. changes in both principal antigens of th ... | 1997 | 9240691 |
| epidemiology of influenza virus infections in children with acute respiratory infections in zambia. | a viral aetiological and epidemiological study of acute respiratory infections (ari) in children was carried out in lusaka, zambia between june 1993 and september 1995. a total of 3,760 throat swab specimens were collected for virus isolation from children under 5 years of age who had ari and were attending three health centres in lusaka. between june and november 1993, 52 cases of the influenza a/h3n2 viruses were isolated. between may and july 1994, 34 influenza b cases were isolated. in 1995, ... | 1997 | 9230973 |
| multiplex reverse transcription-pcr for surveillance of influenza a and b viruses in england and wales in 1995 and 1996. | multiple-target (multiplex) reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) for detection, typing, and subtyping of the hemagglutinin gene of influenza type a (h3n2 and h1n1) and type b viruses was developed and applied prospectively to virological surveillance of influenza in england in the 1995-1996 winter season. during this season both influenza a h3n2 and h1n1 viruses were circulating, although at different times. six hundred nineteen combined nose and throat swabs taken by general practitioners in sent ... | 1997 | 9230385 |
| role of gamma delta tcr+ lymphocytes in the augmented resistance of trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate-treated mice to influenza virus infection. | trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (tdm), an immunomodulator, potentiates non-specific resistance in mice to influenza virus infection. when mice were injected intravenously with tdm, the striking proliferation of a minority of t-lymphocytes bearing gamma/delta t-cell receptors (gamma delta t-cells) that accumulated in granulomatous lungs was thought to be associated with the maintenance of acquired resistance to lethal influenza virus infection. to clarify the cellular basis of the defence against influ ... | 1997 | 9225035 |
| long term trends in the evolution of h(3) ha1 human influenza type a. | we have studied the ha1 domain of 254 human influenza a(h3n2) virus genes for clues that might help identify characteristics of hemagglutinins (has) of circulating strains that are predictive of that strain's epidemic potential. our preliminary findings include the following. (i) the most parsimonious tree found requires 1,260 substitutions of which 712 are silent and 548 are replacement substitutions. (ii) the ha1 portion of the ha gene is evolving at a rate of 5.7 nucleotide substitutions/year ... | 1997 | 9223253 |
| dual infections of prrsv/influenza or prrsv/actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in the respiratory tract. | to study the effect of a previous porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome-infection (prrs) of the respiratory tract on influenza virus and actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (app) infections, 3-week-old specific-pathogen-free (spf) piglets were intranasally infected with prrs virus. one week later, when the lung alveolar macrophages of prrsv infected pigs were lowest in number, a second infection was applied by intranasal aerosol of influenza virus h3n2 or by endobronchial instillation of a m ... | 1997 | 9220621 |
| time to earliest peak serum antibody response to influenza vaccine in the elderly. | the earliest time at which serum antibody levels peak following administration of an influenza virus vaccine in elderly persons is not clearly defined. we compared the time intervals of 1 and 2 weeks after vaccination. a commercial trivalent vaccine containing the hemagglutinins of influenza viruses a/texas/36/91 (h1n1), a/johannesburg/33/94 (h3n2), and b/harbin/7/94 was used. the hemagglutination inhibition (hai) antibody titers at 1 week after vaccination were significantly lower than the hai ... | 1997 | 9220171 |
| combined protective effect of an immunostimulatory bacterial preparation and rimantadine in experimental influenza a virus infection. | the protective effect of an immunostimulatory bacterial preparation, cytoplasmic membranes of escherichia coli wf stable protoplast type l-forms (cm) alone and in combination with the selective antiviral drug rimantadine was evaluated in experimental influenza a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) virus infection in mice. in sublethal infection, cm administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) 7 days before virus exposure in a single dose of 25 mg/kg did not reduce significantly the virus lung titers. in lethal infection ... | 1997 | 9219635 |
| vitamin e supplementation decreases lung virus titers in mice infected with influenza. | effects of vitamin e (e) supplementation on influenza infection were examined in young and old c57bl/6nia mice fed 30 or 500 ppm of e for 6 weeks and subsequently infected with influenza a/port chalmers/1/73 (h3n2). old mice fed 30 ppm of e had significantly higher lung virus titers on days 2 and 7 after infection than young mice fed 30 ppm of e. titers on all 3 days were significantly lower in old mice fed 500 ppm of e than in those fed 30 ppm. significant effects of e on lung virus titers in y ... | 1997 | 9207381 |
| adjuvant activity of the heat-labile enterotoxin from enterotoxigenic escherichia coli for oral administration of inactivated influenza virus vaccine. | alternative strategies for vaccination against influenza that elicit both systemic antibody and mucosal iga responses are needed to improve the efficacy in protection against infection. this study demonstrated that oral delivery of inactivated influenza vaccine with the heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) from enterotoxigenic escherichia coli elicited the spectrum of humoral and cell-mediated responses in balb/c mice critical for the protection and recovery from influenza virus infection. coadministrat ... | 1997 | 9203656 |
| humoral and cellular immune responses following vaccination with purified recombinant hemagglutinin from influenza a (h3n2) virus. | adults were immunized with either baculovirus-expressed, purified recombinant hemagglutinin (rha) from influenza a/beijing/32/92 (h3n2) virus or saline placebo and evaluated for humoral and in vitro cellular immune responses. compared with responses in placebo recipients, vaccinees had greater postvaccination h3(beijing/32) ha (h3)-specific lymphoproliferation and interleukin (il)-2, il-10, and interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) production. mean increases in the production of il-10 (> or = 20-fold) an ... | 1997 | 9203655 |
| avian influenza a viruses differ from human viruses by recognition of sialyloligosaccharides and gangliosides and by a higher conservation of the ha receptor-binding site. | avian influenza virus strains representing most hemagglutinin (ha) subtypes were compared with human influenza a (h1n1,h3n2) and b virus isolates, including those with no history of passaging in embryonated hen's eggs, for their ability to bind free n-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5ac) and sialylollgosaccharides in a competitive binding assay and to attach to gangliosides in a solid-phase adsorption assay. the avian viruses, irrespective of their ha subtype, showed a higher affinity for sialyl-3-lac ... | 1997 | 9201232 |
| influenza among hospitalized adults with leukemia. | influenza is one of the most important respiratory diseases of mankind, yet scant data exist concerning the frequency and clinical course of influenza in severely immunocompromised adults. from october 1993 to september 1994, we cultured the respiratory secretions of all adults with leukemia who were hospitalized with an acute respiratory illness at the university of texas m.d. anderson cancer center in houston. during a 9-week period from 29 november 1993 to 29 january 1994, influenza virus typ ... | 1997 | 9195063 |
| continued evolution of h1n1 and h3n2 influenza viruses in pigs in italy. | swine influenza viruses possessing avian genes were first detected in europe in 1979 (scholtissek et al., 1983, virology, 129, 521-523) and continue to circulate in pigs in that region of the world. to characterize the molecular epidemiology of swine influenza viruses currently circulating in europe, we used dot-blot hybridization and sequence analysis to determine the origin of the genes encoding the nonsurface proteins ("internal" genes) of 10 h1n1 and 11 h3n2 swine influenza viruses isolated ... | 1997 | 9191844 |
| binding of the influenza a virus to cell-surface receptors: structures of five hemagglutinin-sialyloligosaccharide complexes determined by x-ray crystallography. | the structures of five complexes of the x-31 influenza a (h3n2) virus hemagglutinin with sialyloligosaccharide receptor analogs have been determined from 2.5 to 2.8 a resolution by x-ray crystallography. there is well-defined electron density for three to five saccharides in all five complexes and a striking conformational difference between two linear pentasaccharides with the same composition but different linkage [alpha(2-->6) or alpha(2-->3)] at the terminal sialic acid. the bound position o ... | 1997 | 9185585 |
| immune receptor repertoire for influenza haemagglutinin. | an extensive analysis was made of receptor specificity and gene usage in the neutralising antibody (mab) and class ii-restricted t cell responses to influenza haemagglutinin (ha) following natural infection of mhc (h-2(k) or h-2(d)) congenic mice with x31 virus (h3n2 subtype). despite the diversity of available antigenic sites on the ha1 subunit, there was striking immunodominance in the mab response as deduced by sequencing the ha genes of escape mutants and the corresponding antibody h and l c ... | 1995 | 9156578 |
| changes in the hemagglutinin molecule of influenza type a (h3n2) virus associated with increased virulence for mice. | the h3n2 influenza virus a/philippines/82 (phil82) and its bovine serum-resistant mutant, phil82/bs, were used to investigate factors that influence virulence of influenza virus for mice. phil82/bs, which lacks the high-mannose oligosaccharide at residue 165 of the hemagglutinin (ha) molecule, was found to replicate to a much higher titer in mouse lung than the parent phil82, and had acquired lethality for mice. further adaptation of phil82/bs by sequential lung passage in mice yielded a strain ... | 1997 | 9155874 |
| cytokines and impaired cd8+ ctl activity among elderly persons and the enhancing effect of il-12. | we have previously demonstrated that about 70% of elderly persons exhibit deficient cytotoxic t lymphocyte (cd8+ ctl) responses against influenza viruses when compared to young persons. since ifn-gamma, a th1 cytokine and il-4, a th2 cytokine, stimulate and inhibit cd8+ ctl responses respectively, their role(s) in the age-related ctl deficiency was investigated. lymphocytes from young adults (34 +/- 5 years old) and elderly subjects (71 +/- 1 years old) were stimulated in vitro with influenza a/ ... | 1997 | 9147358 |
| analysis of influenza a h3n2 strains isolated in england during 1995-1996 using polymerase chain reaction restriction. | a polymerase chain reaction-restriction (pcr-restriction) endonuclease assay was developed to allow rapid analysis of influenza a h3n2 viruses circulating in england during 1995-1996. restriction endonuclease digestion with two enzymes of amplicons derived from pcr of the ha1 portion of the influenza haemagglutinin (ha) gene was able to differentiate antigenically similar influenza strains into two groups. group i variants were similar genetically to the 1995/96 vaccine strain, a/johannesburg/33 ... | 1997 | 9139090 |
| typing and subtyping clinical isolates of influenza virus using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. | influenza virus infections are a major cause of morbidity and the identification of the type or subtype of a clinical isolate has important clinical and epidemiological implications. | 1996 | 9137863 |
| response to influenza virus vaccination in vertical hiv infection. | to assess the antibody response to influenza vaccine of children vertically infected with hiv. | 1997 | 9135261 |
| surfactant protein a, but not surfactant protein d, is an opsonin for influenza a virus phagocytosis by rat alveolar macrophages. | surfactant protein a (sp-a) and surfactant protein d (sp-d) are collectins, and both proteins were shown to interact with influenza a virus and alveolar macrophages. however, it is not known whether sp-a and sp-d can serve as opsonins for the phagocytosis of influenza a virus by alveolar macrophages. in the present study, we investigated the opsonic activities of sp-a and sp-d for phagocytosis of fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc)-labeled influenza a (h3n2) virus by rat alveolar macrophages using ... | 1997 | 9130640 |
| expression of cytokines on human bronchial epithelial cells induced by influenza virus a. | bronchial epithelial cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of some inflammatory diseases of bronchial mucosa. epithelial-cell-derived cytokines are important in the elucidation of the mechanism by which airway inflammation occurs, especially in respiratory virus infection, because these cells are the primary sites of viral infection. we infected bronchial epithelial cells, nci-h292, with influenza virus a (h3n2) and examined the concentrations of cytokines, interleukin-6 (il-6), il-8 ... | 1997 | 9130560 |
| induction of protective immunity against influenza virus in a macaque model: comparison of conventional and iscom vaccines. | cynomolgus macaque monkeys (macaca fascicularis) were immunized twice intramuscularly, either with a conventional non-adjuvanted subunit vaccine or with a candidate immune-stimulating complex (iscom) vaccine, each containing 10 micrograms envelope glycoprotein of a recent human influenza a(h3n2) virus (a/netherlands/18/94). in contrast to the macaques vaccinated with the classical subunit vaccine, those immunized with the iscom vaccine developed high titres of specific igm, iga and igg serum ant ... | 1997 | 9129647 |
| a study of influenza a virus in the city of calcutta, india, high lighting the strain prevalence. | a decade wide (from 1981 to the end of 1993) study on incidences of influenza was carried out in the city of calcutta, india, by virus isolation and strain identification. over 3500 patients with acute respiratory infections were examined and 1950 throat swab specimens were inoculated in embryonated chicken eggs. only 339 haemagglutinating agents were isolated, which comprised 233 strains of influenza a virus. one hundred forty six (62.66%) of these strains were identified as h3n2, eighty one as ... | 1996 | 9127483 |
| experimental infections with some pneumotropic viruses in the mouse. note i. virological and pathomorphological aspects of the associated infections with influenza virus, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus. | in white mice, the associated infections with the influenza virus type a(h3n2), the adenovirus type 3 and the long strain of the respiratory syncytial virus, detected by the appearance of homologous serum antibodies and by positive i.f. reactions in pulmonary tissue, induce histological, histochemical and histo-enzymatic lesions, the severity of which exceeds that of the lesions in animals infected with only one of the mentioned viruses. in comparison with the morphological picture in animals in ... | 1995 | 9106398 |
| [efficacy of nasal influenza vaccine combined with escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin b subunit containing a trace amount of the holotoxin in healthy volunteers]. | we conducted a field trial to evaluate the efficacy of nasal influenza vaccine combined with escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin b subunit (ltb) containing a trace amount of the holotoxin (lt) in preventing or attenuating influenza among volunteers during the winter season of 1994-1995. a trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine, composed of a/yamagata/32/89 (h1n1), a/kitakyusyu/159/93 (h2n2) and b/mie/1/93 influenza virus strains, was administered intranasally together with recombinant ltb ... | 1997 | 9077073 |
| preferential selection of receptor-binding variants of influenza virus hemagglutinin by the neutralizing antibody repertoire of transgenic mice expressing a human immunoglobulin mu minigene. | an analysis was made of the neutralizing antibody repertoire, for influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha) of transgenic mice expressing a human immunoglobulin mu (igh) minigene, by monoclonal antibody (mab) selection and sequencing of the ha genes of x31 (h3n2 subtype) laboratory variants. whereas previously reported laboratory variants, selected in ovo with high-affinity murine mabs of the igg class, differed from wild-type virus by a single amino acid residue change in one of the major antigenic si ... | 1997 | 9060611 |
| in vivo anti-influenza virus activity of a zinc finger peptide. | matrix protein (m1) is a major structural protein of influenza virus, and it inhibits its own polymerase. a 19-amino-acid peptide, corresponding to a zinc finger region of the m1 sequence of influenza virus strain a/pr/8/34 (h1n1), centered around amino acids 148 to 166, was synthesized. this peptide, designated peptide 6, represents a zinc finger which includes a 7-amino-acid loop or finger and a 4-amino-acid tail at the carboxyl terminus, in addition to the 8 amino acids involved in the coordi ... | 1997 | 9056014 |
| influenza surveillance--united states, 1992-93 and 1993-94. | cdc conducts active surveillance annually from october through may on the emergence and spread of influenza virus variants and the impact of influenza-related morbidity and mortality. influenza activity is also monitored throughout the year by passive surveillance. | 1997 | 9043091 |
| effect of influenza immunization on immunologic and virologic characteristics of pediatric patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | we evaluated the responses of hiv-infected children to a single dose of split-virus influenza vaccine and the relationship to viral load and other characteristics. | 1997 | 9041601 |
| the hemagglutination inhibition antibody responses to an inactivated influenza vaccine among healthy adults: with special reference to the prevaccination antibody and its interaction with age. | the immunogenicity of the trivalent split-virus influenza vaccine was investigated among 70 healthy adults (mean age: 48.5, range: 36-68). the vaccine antigens were: a/yamagata/32/89 (h1n1); a/beijing/352/89 (h3n2); and b/bangkok/163/90. regarding the entire sample, the vaccine induced a tenfold or more rise on the average in the hemagglutination inhibition (hai) antibody to each antigen. the response rates (greater than or equal to a fourfold rise) were about 90% or more among those with a prev ... | 1996 | 9032887 |
| temperature sensitive mutants of influenza a virus generated by reverse genetics and clustered charged to alanine mutagenesis. | temperature sensitive (ts) mutants of influenza a virus have the potential to serve as live attenuated (att) virus vaccines. previously, ts mutants were isolated by chemical mutagenesis or arose spontaneously, and most likely contained point mutations in one or more genes. while sufficiently attenuated, even the most genetically stable of these viruses was found to revert to a more virulent form in a seronegative vaccinee. recently developed technology, however, allows the introduction of engine ... | 1996 | 9029775 |
| mechanisms of heterosubtypic immunity to lethal influenza a virus infection in fully immunocompetent, t cell-depleted, beta2-microglobulin-deficient, and j chain-deficient mice. | immunity that is cross-protective between different influenza a virus subtypes (termed heterosubtypic immunity) can be demonstrated readily in some animals but only rarely in humans. induction of heterosubtypic immunity in humans by vaccines would provide public health benefit, perhaps offering some protection against pandemics or other new influenza a strains. therefore, we studied mechanisms mediating heterosubtypic immunity in mice. immunization with either a/h1n1 or a/h3n2 virus protected mi ... | 1997 | 9013963 |
| modulating the expression of some biological membrane glycoconjugates by a nocardia opaca fraction. | by some hemagglutination (ha) studies it was proved that nld (the lysozyme digest fraction of nocardia opaca) interacts with the sendai virus envelope glycoproteic receptors, but not with those of the beijing 353/89 h3n2) influenza virus. very likely the inhibition is due to the presence of some gal lectins in nld: the erythrocytes agglutinability (by the sendai virus and by the beijing 353/89 h3n2) influenza virus is enhanced by their incubation with galactose. | 1995 | 8993122 |
| possible correlation between low antigenic drift of a(h1n1) influenza viruses and induction of hi antibodies. | this study examined whether, during a seven-year period of low a(h1n1) influenza virus antigenic drift (1988-1989 and 1994-1995, winters), humoral antibody response of elderly volunteers to influenza vaccines could suggest a lack of antibody pressure for drift. in all the years studied a/taiwan/1/86, the a(h1n1) vaccine component, had a low ability to induce protective hemagglutination-inhibiting (hi) antibody titres (> or = 1:40). however a similar low immunogenicity was found for some of the d ... | 1996 | 8982618 |
| expression of il-6, il-8, and rantes on human bronchial epithelial cells, nci-h292, induced by influenza virus a. | bronchial epithelial cells are primary sites of airway viral infection, and these cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. it has recently been reported that bronchial epithelial cells express rantes. rantes attracts monocytes, t cells, eosinophils, and basophils; it can also activate eosinophils. to determine whether viral infection induces rantes expression on bronchial epithelial cells, we infected a bronchial epithelial cell line, nci-h292, with influenza ... | 1996 | 8977509 |
| influenza surveillance in england and wales: october 1995 to june 1996. | this report summarises information collected for the surveillance of influenza virus infection in england and wales from october 1995 to june 1996 (weeks 40/95 to 25/96). total respiratory disease' activity, as reported by the birmingham research unit of the royal college of general practitioners, rose to peaks in weeks 48/95, 51/95, and 01/96. the first peak coincided with a peak in "influenza and flu-like illness'. the subsequent peaks were accounted for by an increase in reports of acute bron ... | 1996 | 8972979 |
| antiviral activity of influenza virus m1 zinc finger peptides. | matrix protein (m1) of influenza virus inhibits its own polymerase; this suggested that a peptide segment of m1 with inhibitory properties could serve as an antiviral agent. a peptide synthesized to the zn2+ finger region of the m1 sequence of influenza virus strain a/pr/8/34 centered around amino acids residues 148 to 166 was shown earlier to be 1,000-fold more effective as a polymerase inhibitor than m1. this peptide, designated peptide 6, represents a zn2+ finger which includes a 7-residue "l ... | 1996 | 8970989 |
| [influenza in the 1995/'96 season; vaccine composition for the 1996/'97 season]. | the 1995/'96 season in the netherlands was marked by an influenza a/h3n2 epidemic that peaked in week 5i. in this week, 39 patients with influenza-like illness per 10,000 inhabitants contacted the sentinel physicians. with two exceptions, influenza a/h3n2 viruses exclusively were isolated during this epidemic period. in the first few months of 1996, a substantial number of influenza a/h1n1 and influenza b viruses were isolated as well. serological characterization of the circulating viruses reve ... | 1996 | 8965944 |
| protective effect of adenylate deaminase (from penicillium lanoso-viride) against acute infections in mice. | we examined the effects of the immunomodulator-adenylate deaminase (e.c. 3.5.4.6) from penicillium lanoso-viride on experimental mice infections. prophylactic intraperitoneal administration of adenylate deaminase (ada) increased survival time and numbers of survivors after infection with salmonella typhimurium, pseudomonas aeruginosa and influenza a (h3n2) virus. protection against influenza virus after intranasal ada application was also observed. the influence of ada was time and dose dependen ... | 1996 | 8956980 |
| surveillance of community-acquired viral infections due to respiratory viruses in rhone-alpes (france) during winter 1994 to 1995. | nasal swab from patients with acute flu-like illness were evaluated for the presence of respiratory viruses in the rhone-alpes region of france from 1 october 1994 through 2 may 1995. the relative frequencies and seasonal distributions of the specific viruses were assessed. in addition, virus type was correlated with specific clinical signs and symptoms. during the study, 962 samples were collected by 75 medical practitioners participating in the groupe regional d'observation de la grippe survei ... | 1996 | 8940439 |
| a serological survey of influenza a antibody in human and pig sera in calcutta. | a study was undertaken with a view to assess the distinct pattern of sero-prevalence of influenza a viruses in the city of calcutta population during the years of 1981-90. concurrently, based on the fact of increasing pig population, a study was carried out to establish the activity of the human influenza a virus among pigs with a view to the potential threat of emergence of a new strain of influenza a virus that may surface following co-infection with swine and human influenza a viruses. the pe ... | 1995 | 8919937 |
| large sequential outbreaks caused by influenza a (h3n2) and b viruses in an institution for the mentally handicapped. | during the mixed epidemic caused by influenza a (h3n2) and b in the 1992-1993 season in japan, large sequential outbreaks occurred in an institution for mentally handicapped people where none of the residents or staff members had been immunized. during the influenza a outbreak (a/ beijing/32/92-like strain) in january, 37.0% of the residents (85/230) and 31.4% of the staff (75/239) had an influenza-like illness. during the influenza b outbreak (b/panama/45/90- and b/beijing/184/ 93-like strain) ... | 1996 | 8915877 |
| cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses of infants after natural infection or immunization with live cold-recombinant or inactivated influenza a virus vaccine. | the cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) response of infants after immunization with either inactivated trivalent subvirion vaccine (tiv) or bivalent attenuated cold-recombinant (cr) vaccine or occurrence of natural influenza virus infection were compared in a blinded, placebo-controlled study during the 1987-1988 and 1988-1989 influenza epidemic seasons. healthy infants between 6 and 13 months of age were randomly assigned and administered a single dose of intranasal bivalent (a/h3n2/a/h1n1) cr vaccine ... | 1996 | 8915874 |
| evaluation of a protective immunity induced by an inactivated influenza h3n2 vaccine after an intratracheal challenge of pigs. | a challenge study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of an inactivated influenza h3n2 virus vaccine combined with quil a/alhydrogel mixture under controlled conditions in piglets. twenty-four piglets from 12 sows were allocated to 2 groups; injected intramuscularly with 2 doses of the tested vaccine or with pbs at 2 wk intervals and challenged intratracheally with 105tcid50 of the h3n2 swine influenza virus 6 d after the 2nd immunization. clinical and virological parameters were r ... | 1996 | 8904668 |
| theoretical grounds and experimental confirmation of the antiviral effect of the preparation ukrain. | the preparation ukrain was studied in order to confirm its theoretically substantiated properties in comparison with amitozin as its structural and functional analogue, and two other functional analogues, namely methisazone (against herpesvirus and poxvirus) and remantadine (against grippevirus). the experiments were carried out on albino swiss mice of either sex weighing initially 18-20 g. they were kept at room temperature (20-21 degrees c) on a natural day-night cycle, were housed in groups o ... | 1996 | 8899334 |
| molecular and immunological characterization of soluble aggregated a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) influenza haemagglutinin expressed in insect cells. | a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2)-derived cdna coding for a secreted haemagglutinin (ha0s) was cloned into the polyhedrin promoter-based pvl1392 transfer vector, and a recombinant baculovirus was isolated. 5 to 10 micrograms/ml of secreted ha were obtained following infection of spodoptera frugiperda-9 cells. gel filtration revealed the presence in the cell supernatant of immunoreactive ha molecules with varying m(r). the high m(r) fraction (aha0s) could be purified by matrex cellufine sulphate and lentil- ... | 1996 | 8893793 |
| emergence of avian h1n1 influenza viruses in pigs in china. | avian influenza a viruses from asia are recognized as the source of genes that reassorted with human viral genes to generate the asian/57 (h2n2) and hong kong/68 (h3n2) pandemic strains earlier in this century. here we report the genetic analysis of avian influenza a h1n1 viruses recently isolated from pigs in southern china, a host suspected to generate new pandemic strains through gene reassortment events. each of the eight gene segments was of avian origin. phylogenetic analysis indicates tha ... | 1996 | 8892928 |
| [an outbreak of influenza a (h3n2) among hospitalized geriatric patients]. | an outbreak of influenza a (h3n2) in a hospital where almost 90% of the inpatients are aged over 70 years is described. an increase of febrile episodes was seen during the period from january 29th to march 17th, 1992 in two of six wards paired sera, at the onset of fever and more than two weeks later, were obtained from patients in sixty-five episodes. serum antibody titer to influenza a (h3n2) elevated over four times in 39 (60%) of 65. influenza a (h3n2) virus was also isolated from seven pati ... | 1996 | 8890547 |
| pathogenicity of three avian influenza viruses for leghorn hens of different ages. | pronounced host effects on clinical responses to influenza virus infection were not observed in any of seven trials in which young (26-43 weeks) and olf (65-94 weeks) leghorn hens were inoculated with low pathogenic subtype h5n2, h4n8, or h3n2 virus. in two of seven trials, where hens were infected with h4n8 or h3n2 virus, morbidity rates were slightly higher for old hens than for young hens. these observations indicate that host age effects of the severity of uncomplicated influenza virus infec ... | 1996 | 8883807 |
| gene analysis of reassortant influenza virus by rt-pcr followed by restriction enzyme digestion. | an amplification system for nearly full length cdna coding the eight influenza virus segments of a type (h1n1, h2n2, h3n2) and b type influenza viruses is described. each of the segments of pb1, pb2, pa, np, m, and ns can be amplified using one 5' primer and one 3' primer for a-type influenza viruses. the rt-pcr amplification system was applied to define the gene composition of three subtype cold-recombinant, live attenuated influenza viruses. each segment of the attenuated influenza virus could ... | 1996 | 8882646 |
| immunohistochemistry of a cytoplasmic dynein (map 1c)-like molecule in rodent and human brain tissue: an example of molecular mimicry between cytoplasmic dynein and influenza a virus. | immunohistochemistry with an antibody to influenza a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) virus was performed using normal mouse, rat and human brain tissues. dot-like or filamentous structures in the neuronal cytoplasm were clearly stained. axons were also stained, but weakly. lewy bodies in parkinson's disease substantia nigra were also positive. immunoscreening of the antibody using mouse brain cdna revealed that this antibody recognized the heavy chain of cytoplasmic dynein. immunoblot analysis also showed tha ... | 1996 | 8870834 |
| genetic variation in neuraminidase genes of influenza a (h3n2) viruses. | nucleotide sequences of the neuraminidase (na) genes of 33 influenza a (h3n2) epidemic strains isolated between 1968 and 1995 were analyzed to determine their evolutionary relationships. phylogenetic analysis using the dna maximum-likelihood method indicates that the na genes of recent h3n2 field strains, like their hemagglutinin genes (ha), have evolved as two distinct lineages represented by the vaccine strains. a/beijing/353/89 and a/beijing/32/92 for a/shanghai/24/ 90). furthermore, genetic ... | 1996 | 8862412 |
| antibody responses in volunteers induced by nasal influenza vaccine combined with escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin b subunit containing a trace amount of the holotoxin. | evaluation of the efficacy of nasal influenza vaccine combined with escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin b subunit (ltb) containing a trace amount of the holotoxin (lt) in inducing antibody responses among volunteers, which was conducted during the winter season of 1993-1994, is reported. a trivalent inactivated vaccine, composed of a/yamagata/32/89 (h1n1), a/kitakyusyu/159/93 (h3n2) and b/bangkok/163/90 influenza virus strains, was used alone or together with the adjuvant, recombinant ltb s ... | 1996 | 8852406 |
| comparison of substrate specificities of sialidase activity between purified enzymes from influenza virus a (h1n1 and h3n2 subtypes) and b strains and their original viruses. | sialidases possessing enzyme activity were solubilized from mouse-adapted influenza viruses a/pr/8/34 (a/pr8, h1n1), a/guizhou/54/89 (a/guizhou, h3n2) and b/ibaraki/2/85 (b/ibaraki) by proteolytic digestion and purified by affinity chromatography and/or sucrose density gradient centrifugation. the purified sialidases were observed as a single protein band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the optimum ph of purified sialidases from a/pr8, a/guizhou and b/ibaraki agains ... | 1995 | 8845816 |
| are there alternative avian influenza viruses for generation of stable attenuated avian-human influenza a reassortant viruses? | the present study evaluated gull influenza a viruses as donors of attenuating genes for the production of live, attenuated influenza a h1n1 and h3n2 avian-human (ah) reassortant viruses for use as vaccines to prevent disease due to influenza a viruses in humans. the previously evaluated duck influenza a viruses were abandoned as donors of attenuating avian influenza virus genes because clinical evaluation of h1n1 and h3n2 ah reassortant virus vaccines derived from duck viruses documented residua ... | 1995 | 8837878 |
| the molecular characterization of influenza virus strains isolated in south africa during 1993 and 1994. | influenza a (h3n2) and influenza b viruses isolated recently in south africa were analysed by partial nucleotide sequencing of the haemagglutinin gene to examine antigenic drift of the isolates relative to the vaccine strains. the genomic analysis of the influenza b isolates revealed a number of differences in the amino acid residues compared with those of the b/panama/45/90 vaccine strain, and these isolates were found to be antigenically more closely related to b/quindao/102/91. in both the 19 ... | 1996 | 8837232 |
| influenza a and sendai viruses preferentially bind to fucosylated gangliosides with linear poly-n-acetyllactosaminyl chains from human granulocytes. | influenza a and sendai viruses are known to bind to various extent to neolacto-series gangliosides iv3neu5ac-nlcose4cer, iv6neu5ac-nlcose4cer, and vi3neu5ac-nlcose6cer, which are the dominant gangliosides of human granulocytes. recently, minor gangliosides of granulocytes were characterized and found to express sialyl lewis(x) and vim-2 epitopes. these long chain linear monosialogangliosides with nlcose8, and nlcose10, cores, carrying one to three fucoses, are shown in this study to bind with st ... | 1996 | 8823909 |
| protection against lethal influenza virus encephalitis by intranasally primed cd8+ memory t cells. | the neurotropic influenza virus strain a/wsn (h1n1) caused a rapidly fatal encephalitis after intracerebral inoculation into naive mice. intranasal immunization with the same virus (homotypic) completely protected mice against a subsequent intracerebral challenge with a/wsn; there was no clinical disease, and infectious virus could not be recovered from the brain. in vivo depletion of cd4+ or cd8+ t cell subsets did not affect homotypic protection, and the pups of immune mothers were also protec ... | 1996 | 8816416 |
| experience of european collaboration in influenza surveillance in the winter of 1993-1994. | the spread of influenza is of major public health concern. surveillance programmes exist in many countries. we here describe an international collaboration sharing information from belgium, france, the netherlands, portugal and the united kingdom during the influenza a(h3n2) epidemic occurring in europe at the end of 1993. | 1996 | 8816310 |
| sulphatide binds to human and animal influenza a viruses, and inhibits the viral infection. | we found, by using a virus overlay assay, that influenza a virus isolates bind to sulphatide (hso3-gal beta 1-->1'cer), which has no sialic acid residue, and that the infection of madin-darby canine kidney cells with the human influenza virus a/memphis/1/71 (h3n2) is inhibited by sulphatide. a/memphis/1/71 (h3n2) causes obvious haemagglutination and low-ph haemolysis of asialoerythrocytes reconstituted with sulphatide. all influenza a virus isolates from the species of animals so far tested boun ... | 1996 | 8809024 |
| two evolutionary strategies of influenza viruses to escape host non-specific inhibitors: alteration of hemagglutinin or neuraminidase specificity. | the porcine serum inhibitor alpha 2-macroglobulin prevents influenza virus from entering host cells by competing for the sa alpha 2, 6gal-binding site of the hemagglutinin (ha). we studied a series of inhibitor-sensitive and inhibitor-resistant human and porcine influenza virus isolates of the h3n2 subtype, all of which contained has, which initially bound only to sa alpha 2, 6gal oligosaccharides. when their neuraminidase was inhibited, the naturally resistant viruses, as a result of no longer ... | 1996 | 8806180 |
| differential effects of total and upper airway influenza viral infection on sleep in mice. | sleepiness is a common perception during most infectious diseases, including viral infections. previously, we observed that a lethal strain of influenza virus (h1n1) causes a greater increase in non-rapid eye movement sleep (nrems) than a nonlethal strain of influenza virus (h3n2), suggesting that the magnitude of sleep responses after viral inoculation depends on the severity of the infection. the aim of the present experiment was to further test this possibility. the effects of total airway in ... | 1996 | 8776792 |
| in vivo anti-influenza virus activity of kampo (japanese herbal) medicine "sho-seiryu-to"--effects on aged mice, against subtypes of a viruses and b virus, and therapeutic effect. | when aged balb/c mice (approximately 6 months old) were treated with a kampo (japanese herbal) medicine "sho-seiryu-to (sst)" (1 g/kg, 10 times) orally from 7 days before to 4 days after the infection and infected with mouse-adapted influenza virus a/pr/8/34 (h1n1 subtype) by nasal site-restricted infection, replication of the virus in the broncho-alveolar cavity was efficiently inhibited at 5 days after infection in comparison with water-treated mice. the antiviral iga antibody in the broncho-a ... | 1996 | 8771367 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity evaluation of some new aminoadamantane derivatives. 2. | the synthesis of some new aminoadamantane derivatives is described. the new compounds were evaluated against a wide range of viruses [influenza a h1n1, influenza a h2n2, influenza a h3n2, influenza b, parainfluenza 3, herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2), thymidine kinase-deficient (tk-) hsv-1, vaccinia, vesicular stomatitis, polio 1, coxsackie b4, sindbis, semliki forest, reo 1, varicella-zoster virus (vzv), tk- vzv, human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), and human immunodeficiency vir ... | 1996 | 8765514 |
| an epidemiological study of influenza viruses among chinese farm families with household ducks and pigs. | to examine the possibility of interspecies transmission and genetic reassortment of influenza viruses on farms in southern china, we surveyed 20 farm families living outside the city of nanchang who raised pigs and ducks in their homes. weekly interviews of family members and virus isolation studies of throat swabs and faecal samples, collected from september 1992 to september 1993, established the seasonal pattern of respiratory tract infections in these families and identified 11 influenza vir ... | 1996 | 8760967 |
| large outbreak of swine influenza in southern japan caused by reassortant (h1n2) influenza viruses: its epizootic background and characterization of the causative viruses. | in the winter of 1989 and the spring of 1990, there were large outbreaks of respiratory disease in two swine herds in nagasaki prefecture, southern japan. serological surveillance indicated that the majority of swine possessed antibodies to swine influenza virus h1 haemagglutinin and neuraminidase of early h3n2 influenza virus strains. eight viruses were isolated from swine that showed typical clinical symptoms of influenza. the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase of these isolates were closely rel ... | 1996 | 8760422 |
| antigenic and genetic analyses of the hemagglutinin of influenza viruses isolated from pigs in 1993. | three strains of influenza a virus (h3n2) were isolated from pigs in hokkaido, japan in 1993. the hemagglutinin (ha) antigen of the three isolates was related to that of recent h3n2 viruses of human origin. the reactivity patterns of two of the isolates (a/sw/obihiro/1/93 and a/sw/obihiro/2/93) with monoclonal antibodies to the hemagglutinin of a/bangkok/1/79 strain were similar to that of the human h3n2 strain isolated in hokkaido in 1988, while that of the other one (a/sw/obihiro/3/93) was sim ... | 1995 | 8720040 |
| clinical and immunological characteristics of the emulsion form of inactivated influenza vaccine delivered by oral immunization. | prophylaxis of human respiratory diseases caused by influenza viruses is actually a problem of infectious pathology because of their wide prevalence. in our investigations, safety, reactogenicity and immunological activity of the orally administered emulsion-inactivated influenza vaccine prepared from influenza virus strains of types a(h1n1), a(h3n2) and b have been studied. clinical studies of the emulsion-inactivated influenza vaccine on volunteers has shown its safety and nonreactogenicity. t ... | 1996 | 8717382 |
| phenotypic expression of ha-na combinations in human-avian influenza a virus reassortants. | human-avian and human-mammalian influenza a virus reassortant clones with the neuraminidase (na) gene of the a/ussr/90/77 (h1n1) strain and hemagglutinin (ha) genes of h3, h4 and h13 subtypes had been shown in an earlier publication to produce low ha yields in the embryonated chicken eggs. the low ha titers had been shown to be due, at least in part, to the formation of virion clusters at 4 degrees c; the clustering was removed by the treatment with bacterial neuraminidase [rudneva et al., arch. ... | 1996 | 8712926 |
| ha1 domain of influenza a (h3n2) viruses in finland in 1989-1995: evolution, egg-adaptation and relationship to vaccine strains. | the ha1 gene sequences of 22 mdck cell-derived influenza a (h3n2) strains, ten of their egg-derived counterparts and three vaccine strains were determined. antigenic and sequence differences between the epidemic and vaccine strains were recorded, most striking in 1992/93; a minority of the amino acid differences in 1989-95 was involved in egg-adaptation. changes in the assortment of amino acid substitutions produced during egg-adaptation of field strains may account for the difficulty encountere ... | 1996 | 8712921 |
| surveillance of influenza in switzerland between 1987 and 1995. | during 8 years of continuous influenza surveillance in switzerland (1987 to 1995), influenza a viruses predominated during 5 seasons and influenza b viruses during 3. the most severe outbreaks occurred in the 1988/89 season (a/h1n1 subtype), in the 1989/90 season (a/h3n2 subtype) and in the 1994/95 season (simultaneous outbreak of influenza a/h3n2 and b). from 1987 to 1993, peak activity of influenza a viruses was observed during december and january (for 8 weeks on average) while influenza b vi ... | 1996 | 8711461 |
| oral immunization with a replication-deficient recombinant vaccinia virus protects mice against influenza. | mice immunized with two intragastrically administered doses of a replication-deficient recombinant vaccinia virus containing the hemagglutinin and nucleoprotein genes from h1n1 influenza virus developed serum anti-h1 immunoglobulin g (igg) antibody that completely protected the lungs from challenge with h1n1. almost all of the mice given two intragastric doses also developed mucosal anti-h1 iga antibody, and those with high anti-h1 iga titers had completely protected noses. intramuscular injecti ... | 1996 | 8709274 |
| [epidemic of influenza in kyushu-okinawa district (april 1994-march 1995)]. | the prevalence of influenza in kyushu-okinawa district in april 1994- march 1995 was studied as the prevalence of influenza virus, to determine the sero-type of influenza viruses isolated in kyushu- okinawa district prefectures and cities. as a result, three sero-types of influenza viruses, i.e. type a/h1n1, type h3n2 and type b, were isolated in kyushu-okinawa district in this season, but most of the isolates were type a/h3n2 and type b. weekly changes of reported influenza patients and period ... | 1995 | 8708404 |
| time to peak serum antibody response to influenza vaccine in the elderly. | the earliest time at which serum antibody peaks following administration of influenza virus vaccine in elderly persons is not clearly defined. we compared the time intervals of 2 and 4 weeks after vaccination. a commercial trivalent vaccine containing the hemagglutinins of influenza viruses a/texas/36/91(h1n1), a/shangdong/9/93(h3n2), and b/panama/45/90 was used. the hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers at 2 weeks after vaccination were identical to the hemagglutination inhibition antibod ... | 1996 | 8705685 |
| [an outbreak of influenza a (h3n2) in a nursing home]. | in the nursing home belonging to our hospital, an outbreak of influenza a (h3n2) occurred in january 1995, and we studied 23 elderly residents with influenza a infection. twenty three residents with influenza a (8 males and 15 females) ranged in age from 67 to 95 years (average 83.1 years), 91.3% of them were bedridden. and all had underlying medical conditions with neurologic, cardiac, orthopedic, being the most frequent. the most common complaints were fever (100%), followed by cough (95.7%), ... | 1996 | 8699092 |
| human cd4+ t-cell recognition of influenza a virus hemagglutinin after subunit vaccination. | we have examined human cd4+ t-cell recognition of influenza a/beijing/32/92 (h3n2) virus hemagglutinin following influenza virus hana subunit vaccination. cd4+ t-cell repertoires were dominated by recognition of epitopes located in conserved regions of the molecule, in a major histocompatibility complex class ii haplotype-dependent manner, analogous to that observed following natural infection. | 1996 | 8676508 |
| evaluation of a recombinant hemagglutinin expressed in insect cells as an influenza vaccine in young and elderly adults. | healthy subjects <45 years old (young adults) or >65 (elderly adults) were randomized in double-blind fashion to receive intramuscularly subvirion trivalent influenza vaccine, placebo, or 15, 45, or 135 microgram of the hemagglutinin (ha) of the influenza a/beijing/32/92 (h3n2) virus expressed in insect cells by a recombinant baculovirus (rha0). all vaccines were well tolerated. both young and elderly adults manifested serum hemagglutination-inhibition, virus neutralizing, and ha-specific igg el ... | 1996 | 8648221 |
| evaluation of live attenuated influenza vaccines in children 6-18 months of age: safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy. national institute of allergy and infectious diseases, vaccine and treatment evaluation program and the wyeth-ayerst ca influenza vaccine investigators group. | live attenuated, cold-adapted (ca) monovalent and bivalent influenza a vaccines were evaluated in seronegative infants (ages 6-18 months) in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial to assess safety and immunogenicity. a total of 182 seronegative subjects received a single intranasal dose (10(6.2) tcid50) of ca a/kawasaki/9/86 (h1n1) or ca a/los angeles/2/87 (h3n2), both as a bivalent vaccine, or placebo. respiratory and systemic symptoms did not differ between groups after vaccination. hemagglut ... | 1996 | 8648202 |
| influenza infection in humans and pigs in southeastern china. | the three last pandemic strains of influenza a virus-asian/57, hong kong/68 and russian/77-are believed to have originated in china. the strains responsible for the 1957 and 1968 human pandemics were reassortants incorporating both human and avian influenza viruses, which may have arisen in pigs. we therefore undertook a population-based study in the nanchang region of central china to establish the prevalence, types and seasonal pattern of human influenza infection and to screen serum samples f ... | 1996 | 8645101 |
| safety and efficacy of long-term use of rimantadine for prophylaxis of type a influenza in nursing homes. | the safety and efficacy of rimantadine for long-term prophylaxis of influenza a (h3n2) infection were evaluated among elderly residents in 10 nursing homes. within each nursing home, participating residents were randomly assigned to receive placebo or rimantadine at 100 or 200 mg/day. residents were evaluated daily for symptoms and significant health events as possible side effects, as well as for influenza-like illness. the study medications were administered to 328 residents for up to 8 weeks, ... | 1995 | 8619572 |
| in previously immunized elderly adults inactivated influenza a (h1n1) virus vaccines induce poor antibody responses that are not enhanced by liposome adjuvant. | in a randomized, double-blinded study, 77 healthy elderly seropositive volunteers (95% of whom had received influenza vaccine within the prior 5 years) were immunized with either monovalent liposome-adjuvanted or control subvirion vaccine containing inactivated influenza a/taiwan/1/86 (h1n1) virus. the experimental vaccine was well-tolerated but elicited serologic responses that were no different in frequency or magnitude from those induced by the control vaccine. less than 20% of subjects in ei ... | 1995 | 8585289 |
| cross-reaction but no avidity change of the serum antibody response after influenza vaccination. | pre- and post-vaccination sera from 19 volunteers were analysed by the haemagglutination inhibition (hi) test, virus neutralization (vn) assay and avidity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the sera were tested against the three strains in a commercial inactivated influenza vaccine; a/beijing/353/89(h3n2); a/taiwan/1/86 (h1n1) and b/yamagata/16/88. additionally, a range of earlier strains and one newer isolate were assayed for hi- and vn-antibodies. large variations in the pre-vaccinatio ... | 1995 | 8578836 |
| protection of mice against influenza a virus challenge by vaccination with baculovirus-expressed m2 protein. | we have investigated the potential of the conserved transmembrane m2 protein of influenza a/ann arbor/6/60 virus, expressed by a baculovirus recombinant, to induce protective immunity in balb/c mice. vaccination of mice with m2 shortened the duration of virus shedding and protected mice from a lethal infection with a/ann arbor/6/60 virus but not b/ann arbor/1/55 virus, suggesting that the protection was mediated by an m2-specific mechanism. serum antibodies were detected which reacted with synth ... | 1995 | 8578816 |
| comparison of us inactivated split-virus and russian live attenuated, cold-adapted trivalent influenza vaccines in russian schoolchildren. | in a blinded, placebo-controlled study, the reactogenicity, immunogenicity, and clinical efficacy of single doses of us inactivated split-virus and russian live attenuated, cold-adapted influenza vaccines were compared in 555 schoolchildren in vologda, russia. serial serum samples were collected and school absenteeism was assessed. systemic reactions were rare, but local reactions (primarily erythema at the injection site) were observed in 27% of the inactivated vaccine group, and coryza (12%) a ... | 1996 | 8568310 |
| analysis of influenza a virus reinfection in children in japan during 1983-91. | the epidemiology of influenza a in japan was studied during 1979-91 and viruses isolated from reinfections during 1983-91 were analysed. of 2963 influenza viruses isolated from reinfections during 1983-91 were analysed. of 2963 influenza viruses isolated during this period, 922 and 1006 were influenza a(h1n1) and a(h3n2) viruses respectively; the others were influenza b viruses. influenza a(h1n1) and a(h3n2) caused 5 and 6 epidemics respectively, most accompanied by antigenic drift. seventeen re ... | 1995 | 8557091 |
| immune cd4+ t cells promote the clearance of influenza virus from major histocompatibility complex class ii -/- respiratory epithelium. | the experiments described establish that cd4+ t-cell-dependent effector mechanisms can eliminate an h3n2 influenza a virus from lung cells that are unable to express class ii major histocompatibility complex (mhc) glycoproteins. radiation chimeras were made by using cd4+ t cells and bone marrow from cd8-depleted, mhc class ii +/+ mice and irradiated (950 rads) mhc class ii -/- recipients. the influenza virus-specific cd4+ t-cell responses in these +/+-->-/- mice were not obviously different from ... | 1996 | 8551597 |
| [the use of the immunoperoxidase test with monoclonal antibodies for detecting influenza a viruses]. | the immunoperoxidase test was used to detect influenza virus in cells of a chorionallanthois shell of infected chicken embryos. application of monoclonal antibodies d8 and a11 in the analysis has permitted detecting reproduction of type a (subtypes h1n1, h2n2, h3n2) viruses, the pga titre of the respective allantois liquids being not lower than 1:16. the matrix protein and hemagglutinin, detection of which underlies this analysis, were found on the cell membrane, in the perinucleus region and as ... | 1995 | 8548071 |
| the role of antigenically different virus neuraminidases as structures implicated in receptor-binding processes. | influenza a viruses exhibit segmented nucleic acid coding for eight different proteins, two of them as glycoproteins exposed on their lipoprotein envelopes, hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na). hemagglutinin exhibits receptor-binding activity while neuraminidase develops sialidase cleavage activity which acts on cell receptors. influenza a strains responsible for human, avian, equine and porcine respiratory infections all over the world present antigenically different hemagglutinin (h1 to ... | 1995 | 8547843 |
| influenza viral infections enhance sleep in mice. | sleepiness is a common perception during viral infection. nevertheless, very little is known about the effects of viral infection on sleep. the aim of the present study was to test whether sleep was altered by influenza viral infection in mice. after 2-3 days of baseline sleep recordings, swiss-webster mice were infected intranasally with a lethal (h1n1) or a nonlethal (h3n2) strain of influenza virus. sleep was recorded again for an additional 3 days. non-rapid eye movement sleep (nrems) was dr ... | 1995 | 8539262 |
| [influenza vaccination of children with hemophilia]. | 51 haemophilic children aged from 7 to 16 years was vaccinated against influenza in paediatric department of haematology and oncology in november and december of 1993. each dose of subunit vaccine manufactured by wyeth-usa, contained 15 micrograms of each haemagglutinin strains as recommended for the season. the antibody level was studied before and after influenza vaccination in vaccinated and control group as well. 5-time rise of geometric mean antibody titre was found for h1n1 and h3n2 antige ... | 1995 | 8525777 |
| human immune responses to influenza virus vaccines administered by systemic or mucosal routes. | healthy adult volunteers were immunized by parenteral or oral routes with trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (a/chile/1/83 (h1n1), a/mississippi/1/85 (h3n2), and b/ann arbor/1/86), or intranasally with live attenuated, cold-adapted influenza type a/texas/1/85 (h1n1) reassortant virus. in all volunteers, cells spontaneously secreting iga, igg or igm antibodies specific to influenza virus were detected in peripheral blood on days 6-13 after immunization, and specific iga, igg and igm antibodi ... | 1995 | 8525683 |
| selective response of gamma delta t-cell hybridomas to orthomyxovirus-infected cells. | a gamma delta t-cell hybridoma established from influenza virus-infected mice responded to a reproducible way when cultured with influenza virus-infected stimulators. subclones of this line responded to cells infected with influenza viruses a/pr/8/34 (h1n1), x-31 (h3n2), and b/hk/8/73 but not to cells infected with vaccinia virus or sendai virus. this spectrum of response to both type a and type b orthomyxoviruses has never been recognized for the alpha beta t-cell receptor-positive subsets. the ... | 1996 | 8523522 |
| prevalence of antibodies to type a influenza viruses in swine sera 1990-1994. | a total of 3,120 swine sera collected for the years 1990-94 were tested for the presence of hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibodies against swine (h1n1) and human (h1n1 and h3n2) strains of influenza virus. no hi antibody against the swine strains was recognized during 18 months, though a slight prevalence (1.5-9.2%) of the antibodies was observed over the entire period. a wide variance in the incidence (0-26.3%) of antibodies against the human h3n2 strains was observed among the swine popul ... | 1995 | 8519918 |
| a comparative study of the effect of dextran sulfate on the fusion and the in vitro replication of influenza a and b, semliki forest, vesicular stomatitis, rabies, sendai, and mumps virus. | the effect of dextran sulfate on the fusion of a series of enveloped viruses, bearing specifically different fusion proteins, was investigated. the fusion with model- and with biological membranes was monitored by an r18 fluorescence-dequenching fusion assay. dextran sulfate strongly suppresses the fusion of orthomxyo- (influenza a (h1n1 and h3n2 subtypes) and influenza b), of toga- (semliki forest virus), and of rhabdoviruses (vesicular stomatitis and rabies virus). the fusion of the paramyxo-v ... | 1993 | 8517791 |
| genetic and antigenic analyses of influenza a (h1n1) viruses, 1986-1991. | eighteen strains of human influenza a (h1n1) viruses isolated between august 1986 and january 1991 were analyzed in this study. examination of the total viral genome of 12 strains by t1 mapping revealed that considerable genetic heterogeneity exists among these viruses. partial sequencing of each of the non-ha rna segments of 4 viruses having divergent t1 oligonucleotide maps indicated that only one was a reassortant virus that had genes from both the influenza a (h1n1) and (h3n2) subtypes. this ... | 1993 | 8493812 |
| influenza surveillance in pune, india, 1978-90. | continuous surveillance of influenza was carried out in pune between 1978 and 1990. most of the cases were identified during investigation of 16 outbreaks of influenza in pune over this period. the majority of cases were children. ten of the outbreaks occurred during rainy seasons. a total of 290 isolates consisting of several antigenic variants of influenza type a (h3n2), type a (h1n1), and type b viruses were isolated from throat/nasal swabs that were processed in chick embryos and mdck cell c ... | 1993 | 8490980 |
| diminished influenza a virus-specific mhc class i-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocyte activity among elderly persons. | influenza a virus-specific mhc class i-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) activities among young and elderly adults were compared. peripheral blood lymphocytes from 10 young adults, (mean age 27 +/- 2.4 years) and elderly persons (mean age 71 +/- 1.6 years) were stimulated with influenza a/taiwan/1/86 (h1n1) virus for 7 days and assayed for lytic activity against a/taiwan, a/shanghai (h3n2), and b/ussr virus-infected autologous target cells. young adults exhibited significantly higher influ ... | 1993 | 8476508 |
| influenza--united states, 1988-89. | cdc monitors the emergence and spread of new influenza virus variants and the impact of influenza on morbidity and mortality annually from october through may. | 1993 | 8474428 |