Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| genetically engineered viral vaccines--prospects for the future. | genetic engineering (recombinant dna technology)--the revolution in molecular biology--has enabled us to isolate any genes from any source in a pure form, and to move them from one cell to another. it has become possible to program bacterial or yeast cells with foreign genes and force the new host to produce commercially valuable proteins (e.g. hormones, enzymes, diagnostic reagents). it is now also possible to produce viral and bacterial antigens in various types of cells. we hope that this wil ... | 1982 | 6763495 |
| contribution of the "stefan s. nicolau" institute of virology to the electron microscopic study of viruses. | the review reflects the concerns of researchers of the "stefan s. nicolau" institute of virology who used electron microscopy techniques with a view to visualizing morphological features of virus structure (influenza, adeno, hepatitis, herpes, cytomegalic, aujeszky, rabies viruses, etc.) and different aspects of the virus - host cell relationships (sendai virus/hep2 cells, influenza and adenovirus/mouse lung, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis/human brain or cell cultures, coxsackie and foot-an ... | 1984 | 6393566 |
| relationship of human rhinovirus strain 2 and poliovirus as indicated by comparison of the polymerase gene regions. | cdna clones representing the 3'-terminal region of the human rhinovirus strain 2 genome have been obtained. the sequence of 1425 nucleotides adjacent to the poly(a) tract is presented and contains an open reading frame of 1383 nucleotides. the derived amino acid sequence corresponding to the putative rna polymerase-coding region is compared to those of poliovirus type 1 (mahoney) and foot-and-mouth disease virus a12. a high degree of homology between human rhinovirus strain 2 and poliovirus type ... | 1984 | 6330989 |
| histone h3 modification in bhk cells infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus. | infection of bhk cells with foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) causes a thorough change in the electrophoretic profile of whole nuclear histones. it consists in the disappearance of histone h3 and the appearance of a new polypeptide (pi) which migrates between histones h2a and h4 on sds-polyacrylamide gels. protein pi is detected at 2 hr postinfection (pi), the time in which viral rna synthesis begins to increase, and reaches equimolecular amounts with the remaining core histones 1 hr later, wh ... | 1984 | 6330987 |
| effect of lysosomotropic agents on the foot-and-mouth disease virus replication. | the effect of two lysosomotropic agents, nh4cl and chloroquine, on the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) replicative cycle was studied. when the drugs were present throughout the viral replicative cycle, an important inhibition of viral rna synthesis and virus production was detected. the inhibition of viral rna synthesis was maximal when the drugs were present from 30 min before virus infection up to 30 min after that. otherwise, if the agents were added once the viral synthesis has started ( ... | 1984 | 6330983 |
| the thermal death time curve for foot-and-mouth disease virus contained in primarily infected milk. | whole and skim milk obtained from cows after intramammary and intravenous inoculation with foot-and-mouth disease virus (primarily infected milk) were exposed to various temperatures ranging from 80 to 148 degrees c for various times ranging from 2.5 s to 27 min then tested for viral infectivity. the average pretreatment titre of the 53 lots of milk used was 10(5.9) plaque-forming units of virus per millilitre 10(3.7)-10(6.8)). a thermal death time curve was plotted using the data obtained. the ... | 1984 | 6330120 |
| studies on the stability of foot-and-mouth disease virus using absorbance - temperature profiles. | the main immunogenic component of fmd virus harvests is the intact 140s virus particle. for the production of stable vaccines it is important to ensure that virus strains having a stable capsid should be used. the method of measuring the heat stability of fmd virus by following the increase in optical density of purified virus during capsid breakdown as the temperature is increased was described in 1964 (p. bachrach, 1964, j. mol. biol 8. 348). we have investigated this technique in the hope tha ... | 1983 | 6329854 |
| selection of particles and proteins for use as human cytomegalovirus subunit vaccines. | uncertainties about the ultimate biologic consequences of using live virus vaccines to confer immunologic protection against cmv have focused attention on the use of noninfectious subunit vaccines. at least two classes of such preparations have been demonstrated to be effective in other systems. the first is virus particles bearing the relevant antigens but lacking nucleic acid (eg, hepatitis vaccine [31]). and the second class is biologically or chemically synthesized proteins or peptides with ... | 1984 | 6329369 |
| biologically active protease of foot and mouth disease virus is expressed from cloned viral cdna in escherichia coli. | foot and mouth disease virus o1k cdna had been cloned in escherichia coli. here we report on in vitro recombination of cdna fragments according to the cdna restriction map and on expression of viral proteins in e. coli. use was made of the expression vector pplvp1 , which is known to express the virus capsid protein vp1. recombined cdnas of various sizes were inserted downstream from the vp1 gene. the constructed plasmids differ from each other in the number of virus genes coding for nonstructur ... | 1984 | 6328511 |
| guanidine-resistant poliovirus mutants produce modified 37-kilodalton proteins. | eighteen spontaneous, guanidine-resistant mutants of poliovirus were obtained by plaque selection. isoelectric focusing demonstrated charge changes in a 37-kilodalton protein, px, among three of the mutants. the precursor of px, ncvp5b , also exhibited charge changes among the three mutants. px of 12 mutants was also examined by peptide mapping with staphylococcus aureus v8 protease. nine of the mutants presented modified maps, and seven of these maps were identical. the demonstration of mutatio ... | 1984 | 6328023 |
| multiple proteases in foot-and-mouth disease virus replication. | translation of foot-and-mouth disease virus rna in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate for short time intervals resulted in the production of the peptides p20a , p16, and p88 (lab, lb, and p1) (r. r. rueckert , recommendations of the 3rd european study group on molecular biology of picornavirus, urbino , italy, 1983). if further translation was prevented, the structural protein precursor p88 was not cleaved, even after prolonged incubation. this result indicates that the mechanism of the cleavage betwe ... | 1984 | 6328018 |
| formaldehyde inactivation of foot-and-mouth disease virus. conditions for the preparation of safe vaccine. | the inactivation of foot-and-mouth disease virus by formaldehyde was studied under different conditions, both as free virus and (as in routine vaccine production) after adsorption of the virus to aluminium hydroxide gel (alhydrogel). in the latter case infectivity was monitored after elution of the virus from the gel by isopycnic ultracentrifugation of the virus-alhydrogel mixture in cscl. by this method good virus recoveries were obtained. adsorption of the virus to alhydrogel (without formalde ... | 1984 | 6326708 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of the rna coding for the primary translation product of foot and mouth disease virus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the coding region of foot and mouth disease virus rna (strain a1061) is presented. the sequence extends from the primary initiation site, approximately 1200 nucleotide from the 5' end of the genome, in an open translational reading frame of 6,999 nucleotides to a termination codon 93 nucleotides from the 3' terminal poly (a). available amino acid sequence data correlates with that predicted from the nucleotide sequence. the amino acid sequence around cleavage ... | 1984 | 6324120 |
| biochemical map of polypeptides specified by foot-and-mouth disease virus. | pulse-chase labeling of foot-and-mouth disease virus-infected bovine kidney cells revealed stable and unstable viral-specific polypeptides. to identify precursor-product relationships among these polypeptides, antisera against a number of structural and nonstructural viral-specific polypeptides were used. cell-free translations programmed with foot-and-mouth disease virion rna or foot-and-mouth disease virus-infected bovine kidney cell lysates, which were shown to contain almost identical polype ... | 1984 | 6323757 |
| using genetically engineered bacteria for vaccine production. | we concluded from this and our earlier work that biosynthetically produced fmdv vp1-specific fusion proteins are effective vaccines. whether this method of vaccine production can be extended to many other immunogenic proteins from other organisms is not known. some problems that could be expected to occur with bacterially produced antigens are that the immunogenic site may not be properly exposed or the peptide sequence(s) within that site may not be able to form into the correct configuration. ... | 1983 | 6322643 |
| in vitro morphogenesis of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | foot-and-mouth disease virion rna is translated efficiently and completely in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate cell-free system. treatment of cell-free lysates with monospecific serum prepared against the individual viral structural proteins or with monoclonal antibodies prepared against the inactivated virus or against a viral structural protein precipitated all of the structural proteins, suggesting that structural protein complexes were formed in vitro. sucrose gradient analysis of the cell-free ... | 1984 | 6321761 |
| the standardization of a 'spot-test' elisa for the rapid screening of sera and hybridoma cell products ii. the determination of binding capacity, binding ratio and coefficient of variation of different elisa plates in sandwich and indirect elisa. | the different commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) plates were compared for their binding capacity for purified foot-and-mouth disease virus antigen or igg, their binding ratio (a measure of the efficiency with which positive and negative serum samples may be distinguished), and their coefficients of variation within a plate, between plates and between batches of plates. no one plate could be described as having ideal characteristics, and the choice of elisa plate dep ... | 1984 | 6321511 |
| correlation of surface and internal ultrastructural changes in cells infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus. | the surfaces of primary and continuous line cell cultures displayed the same sequence of morphological changes during the course of infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus. these changes could be classified into four broad stages: i) cells were flattened, closely attached to one another and microvilli appeared, ii) cells rounded, microvilli began to disappear and the cells started to separate from one another by cytoplasmic strands, iii) cells were discrete, rounded structures and iv) cells ... | 1983 | 6321000 |
| use of short analytical ultracentrifugation runs for the isopycnic determination of foot-and-mouth disease virus concentration and density in autoformed caesium chloride gradients. | short analytical ultracentrifugation runs of less than six hours with autoformed cscl density gradients were used for routine fmdv density and concentration analysis. the values obtained after short runs were slightly higher for concentration and lower for density than after classical 22 h runs. these differences between the 6 and the 22 h values were related to virus strain and did not seem to result of the incomplete stabilisation of the cscl gradient, but of the shorter virion/cscl contact pe ... | 1983 | 6318644 |
| [comparative testing of the quality of foot-and-mouth disease vaccines prepared with different virus inactivators]. | formalin, glycidaldehyde, and the binary ethyleneimine were tested under laboratory conditions as inactivators of the foot-and-mouth disease virus along with the possibility of using them in the process of vaccine production. data is presented on the comparative testing for innocuity and immunogenicity for sheep of f. m. d. vaccines produced with such inactivators. results showed the advantages of the binary ethyleneimine as against formalin and glycidaldehyde as an inactivator of the f. m. d. v ... | 1983 | 6318423 |
| a serological and biochemical study of new field isolates of foot-and-mouth disease virus type a in peru, 1975 to 1981. | three foot-and-mouth disease virus type a isolates recovered from field outbreaks in the department of san martin, peru, during the period 1975 to 1981 were compared with each other, and the south american vaccine strains a24 and a27, by complement fixation (cf), virus neutralization (vn) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). complement fixation and vn tests gave comparable results distinguishing the field isolates from each other and from the vaccine strains. analysis of the structural ... | 1983 | 6318421 |
| chemical basis of antigenic variation in foot-and-mouth disease virus. | one of the difficulties in controlling foot and mouth disease by vaccination is the occurrence of the virus as seven distinct serotypes because immunity conferred by vaccination against one serotype leaves the animals susceptible to infection by the other six. moreover, the antigenic variation, even within a serotype, can be so great that immunity against the homologous strain of virus need not necessarily ensure protection against infection by other viruses within that serotype. here we report ... | 1983 | 6318114 |
| isolation of capsid proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus by chromatofocusing. | a method for the isolation of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) capsid proteins was developed. the fmdv capsid proteins vp1, vp2, vp3 and vp0 were isolated from sucrose gradient purified virus by chromatofocusing in a ph 7.4-4.0 gradient on polybuffer exchanger pbe 94. under the conditions used the proteins eluted in the sequence vp1, vp2, vp0 (when present) and vp3. capsid protein vp4 did not elute and could not be isolated by this method. protein concentration in the eluate was monitored by ... | 1983 | 6317707 |
| structure of the fmdv translation initiation site and of the structural proteins. | a cdna clone of foot and mouth diseases virus (fmdv), strain c1, has been sequenced. the limits of the structural genes were defined by comparison with the available protein data. we identified two potential translation initiation sites for the viral polyprotein separated by 84 nucleotides. we suggest that these two initiation sites could be used to express two proteins differing only at the n-terminal, p16 and p20a. this model is supported by the fact that antiserum against a bacterially synthe ... | 1983 | 6316275 |
| aerosol exposure of cattle to foot-and-mouth disease virus. | slight modifications of a small, plastic covered greenhouse provided a chamber for the exposure of cattle of all ages to aerosols of foot-and-mouth disease virus. particle size distributions of aerosols were 76% less than 3 microns, 17% 3-6 microns, and 7% greater than 6 microns immediately after the devilbis no. 40 nebulizer used was turned off and 90% less than 3 microns, 8% 3-6 microns, and 2% greater than 6 microns 20-30 min later. pharyngeal virus growth curves and viremia patterns correlat ... | 1983 | 6315813 |
| innocuity testing of foot-and-mouth disease vaccines. ii. aziridine-inactivated antigen produced in baby hamster kidney cells. | methods for the testing of preparations of aziridine-inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus for the absence of infective particles were studied. the system used for virus production, suspension cultures of baby hamster kidney cells, proved to be the most sensitive detection system for traces of infective virus as long as the 146s antigen concentration was below 1 microgram per 10(6) cells. above this level interference may mask the presence of non-inactivated virus. thus in a 1-1 suspension cu ... | 1983 | 6315737 |
| the attachment of the foot-and-mouth disease virus asia i iran 1/73 to bhk suspension cells does not require virus specific cell receptors. | experiments are described which show that a member of the picornaviridae (fmd virus asia i iran 1/73) attaches to bhk suspension cells in a manner which precludes a requirement for virus specific receptors on the cell plasma membrane. while it may be possible to demonstrate the apparent saturation of the cell surface with multiple doses of virus, an increase of the concentration of the dosing suspension results in more virus attachment. indeed, it was found that with the amounts of virus which w ... | 1983 | 6314941 |
| gene fusions using the ompa gene coding for a major outer-membrane protein of escherichia coli k12. | it has been shown previously that fragments of the escherichia coli major outer membrane protein ompa lacking co2h-terminal parts can be incorporated into this membrane in vivo [bremer et al. (1982) eur. j. biochem. 122, 223-231]. the possibility that these fragments can be used, via gene fusions, as vehicles to transport other proteins to the outer membrane has been investigated. to test whether fragments of a certain size were optimal for this purpose a set of plasmids was prepared encoding 16 ... | 1983 | 6313361 |
| association of foot-and-mouth disease virus induced rna polymerase with host cell organelles. | the localization of foot-and-mouth disease viral-induced rna polymerase has been determined in situ and in partially fractionated cell components by using polymerase antisera tagged with either peroxidase or ferritin. electron microscopic examination revealed the polymerase to be heavily concentrated on membranes of the smooth membranous vacuoles (smv) which are newly formed during infection and which were previously shown to be the site where newly synthesized viral rna appeared. polymerase ant ... | 1983 | 6313290 |
| cross antigenicity among enteroviruses as revealed by immunoblot technique. | antigenic relationships of various human and two animal picornaviruses were investigated by the immunoblotting ("western blot") technique. the viruses included all coxsackievirus b types (1-6), poliovirus types 1-3, several strains of echovirus 11, emc virus, and fmdv. antisera included human sera and sera from rabbits hyperimmunized with either purified picornaviruses, viral structural polypeptides (vp8), boiled or "sample-boiled" virions. group-specific reactions of various extent were observe ... | 1983 | 6312682 |
| [passive hemagglutination reaction in differentiating foot-and-mouth disease viruses]. | experiments were carried out with the use of the passive hamagglutination reaction in the differentiation of foot-and-mouth disease viruses. the investigations made use of purified sera and specific igg antibodies obtained through column chromatography. conjugates were prepared with the use of bis-diazotized benzidine and glutaraldehyde. in experiments with conjugates prepared with igg and glutaraldehyde standard and reproducible results were obtained. the use of the passive hemagglutination tes ... | 1983 | 6312672 |
| histological and histochemical characterisation of mammary gland tissue of cows infected with foot-and-mouth disease by contact exposure. | foot-and-mouth disease virus was observed to replicate in secretory epithelial cells of bovine mammary gland alveoli as a result of systemic infection initiated by exposure to infected animals. viral antigens were demonstrated using fluorescent antibody and immunoperoxidase labelling techniques before the development of signs of clinical disease. in addition, labelled antigens were observed associated with cytoplasmic-like fragments in luminal membrane limited structures. histologically, lesions ... | 1983 | 6312518 |
| molecular cloning of cdna from foot-and-mouth disease virus c1-santa pau (c-s8). sequence of protein-vp1-coding segment. | cdna segments copied from the rna of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) c1-santa pau (isolate c-s8) have been cloned in plasmid pbr322. a 998-bp dna fragment, that includes the region coding for capsid protein vp1, the carboxy terminus of vp3, and the amino terminus of precursor protein p52 has been sequenced. comparison of the nucleotide sequence with those from fmdv o1k, a(10)61, a12 and c3 indaial (kurz et al., nucl. acids res. 9 (1981) 1919-1931; kleid et al., science 214 (1981) 1125-1129; ... | 1983 | 6311686 |
| multiple genetic variants arise in the course of replication of foot-and-mouth disease virus in cell culture. | the genetic heterogeneity generated upon passage of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) in cell culture has been evaluated by t1-oligonucleotide fingerprinting of genomic rna. plaque-purified fmdv o-s7 and c-s8 were propagated by serial low multiplicity infections of bhk-21 (c-13) or ibrs-2 (c-26) cells. in independent parallel passage of the same virus, different oligonucleotide variations were fixed in the rnas. t1-oligonucleotide fingerprinting of rna from 34 individual viral clones derived f ... | 1983 | 6310859 |
| an investigation into causes of resistance of a cloned line of bhk cells to a strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | the reduced ability of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) strain asia 1 iran 1/73 to replicate in the cloned bhk cell line aa7 was not due to lack of virus attachment at the cell surface. instead, the main restriction in the viral growth cycle occurred during synthesis and processing of viral macromolecules, and/or during the earliest stages of their assembly. reduced efficiency of penetration and uncoating of virus attached to the cells may also have contributed to inhibition of virus replicat ... | 1983 | 6310850 |
| hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). ii. cloning conditions. | three methods of cloning hybridoma cells--picking colonies from the masterplate, limit dilution cloning, and cloning in semi-solid medium over macrophage (m phi) feeder layers--were compared. cloning in semi-solid medium was found to be the most efficient and reliable, especially with our relatively slow growing anti-foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) antibody secreting hybridoma cells. the optimum culture dish for this cloning was the 6-well (6w) dish (well diameter 1.5 cm), while the optimum ... | 1983 | 6309849 |
| hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus. 1. cell culturing requirements. | the production of hybridoma cell lines secreting antibody against foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) was more difficult than the production of similar cell lines secreting antibody against vesicular stomatitis virus or measles virus. a rapid and efficient protocol for the selection and culturing of 'anti-fmdv' hybridoma cultures was therefore developed and is described. this required the determination of the optimal culture medium (commercially available), source of serum supplement, line of my ... | 1983 | 6309848 |
| the improvement and standardization of the simplified process for the production of foot and mouth disease virus from bhk suspension cells. | improvements have been made to the methodology for the production of foot and mouth disease (fmd) virus from bhk 21 clone 13 suspension cells by the simplified process. data derived from some 600 individual 8-1 cultures covering all seven types of fmd virus has been analysed. the production of virus was shown to (1) have no direct relationship to cell passage level and (2) to be inversely related to the cell multiplication factor observed during the cell growth cycle immediately prior to infecti ... | 1983 | 6309847 |
| [differentiation of foot-and-mouth disease viruses by an enzyme-bound immunosorbent micromethod (elisa)]. | fixed were the optimal conditions for the employment of the elisa method. the latter was successfully applied to differentiate and study the foot-and-mouth disease viruses. it was found that elisa was almost fifty times more sensitive as against the passive hemagglutination test, and almost one-hundred times more sensitive than the complement-fixation test. the results were found to correlate fully in the investigation of f. m. d. viruses of various origin with the use of the diagnostic methods ... | 1983 | 6308884 |
| point mutations in polypeptide vp1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus affect mouse virulence and bhk21 cell pathogenicity. | virus produced in the first four days after infection of a bhk21 culture was shown to differ from that produced later in the infection. the early virus caused large plaques in ib-rs-2 cell sheets, had a slow cytopathic effect in bhk21 cultures and showed a high virulence for suckling mice. in contrast, the late virus caused small plaques, was rapid in its cytopathic effect and was of low virulence for mice. comparison between one clone each of the early and late virus showed that no change in im ... | 1983 | 6307221 |
| an attempt at preparing anti-foot-and-mouth disease virus serum. | 1983 | 6306318 | |
| multiple homologies of oligonucleotide size exist between nucleic acids of picornaviruses. | a semi-quantitative analysis of hybrid formation between restriction enzyme-generated subgenomic fragments of cloned cdna prepared from rna of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) strain o1k and radiolabelled rna from bovine enterovirus, bovine rhinovirus or mengo virus indicated that the hybrids were of oligonucleotide size. they were located in those parts of the fmdv o1k genome that code for the two capsid proteins vp3 and vp1 and the precursor protein p52 as well as at the 3' end. no hybridiz ... | 1983 | 6306155 |
| identification of amino acid and nucleotide sequence of the foot-and-mouth disease virus rna polymerase. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) rna polymerase was purified from the polyethylene glycol (peg)-treated supernatant of infected cell media by a combination of ion-exchange chromatography, membrane molecular filtration, and affinity chromatography. the purified rna polymerase which migrated as a single band of 56,000 molecular weight on a polyacrylamide gel was subjected to automated edman degradation and the sequence of the first 30 amino acid residues established. on the basis of previous ev ... | 1983 | 6305004 |
| mode of penetration and intracellular localization of incoming parental foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) in bhk cells. | the process of penetration and subsequent early stages of replication of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) in bhk21 cell cultures have been studied in order to obtain further data about the infectious cycle of this virus. results suggest that fmdv penetrates bhk21 cells by way of pinocytic vesicles. studies of lysosomal (lf) and supernatant (sf) fractions of homogenized suspension of infected cells were carried out to learn the percentage of possible non-specific absorption of infectious virus ... | 1983 | 6302446 |
| physicochemical transformation of milk components and release of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | possible mechanisms for protective roles of milk components on foot-and-mouth disease virus present in the milk of infected cows were examined. light scattering bands collected from ficoll-sucrose gradient fractions of skim-milk contained membrane-limited structures but these were non-infectious for bovine kidney cells. infectivity titres in buttermilk higher than those of the original cream or butter suggested association of virus with milk fat globules. increased infectivity titres in skim-mil ... | 1983 | 6302144 |
| the detection and inhibition of proteolytic enzyme activity in concentrated preparations of inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus. | proteolytic enzyme activity was detected in a large number of concentrated preparations of inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus. several lines of evidence indicated that at least some of this activity could be attributed to bhk cells, although low levels of microbial contamination in many of our preparations could not be discounted and would certainly enhance the cellular proteolytic activity. from an experiment with different concentrations of trypsin, it was concluded that the proteolytic ... | 1983 | 6300129 |
| ultrastructural changes and antigen localization in tissues from foot-and-mouth disease virus-infected guinea-pigs. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv)-induced ultrastructural changes in guinea-pig tongue, heelpad, mammary and liver tissues were examined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. fmdv infection caused cell rounding and the release of virus in membrane limited vesicles in the animal tissues similar to that seen in other work in cell cultures. microfilaments were present which may be responsible for cell rounding. immunoperoxidase labeling revealed the attachment of the virus-infectio ... | 1982 | 6298989 |
| comparison of the amino acid sequence of the major immunogen from three serotypes of foot and mouth disease virus. | cloned cdna molecules from three serotypes of fmdv have been sequenced around the vp1-coding region. the predicted amino acid sequences for vp1 were compared with the published sequences and variable regions identified. the amino acid sequences were also analysed for hydrophilic regions. two of the variable regions, numbered 129-160 and 193-204 overlapped hydrophilic regions, and were therefore identified as potentially immunogenic. these regions overlap regions shown by others to be immunogenic ... | 1982 | 6298715 |
| immunogenicity of foot-and-mouth disease virus type o1 replicated in either monolayer or suspended bhk cell system. | the efficacy of vaccines formulated from the 10th passage of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) type o1 in monolayer baby hamster kidney (bhk) cells and the 8th passage in suspension bhk cells was compared in steers. the vaccines were inactivated with ethylenimine, contained an equal amount of antigen and were emulsified in oil-adjuvant. six animals were vaccinated with each vaccine. during the challenge of immunity (91 days post-vaccination, dpv), one out of the six steers from the monolayer v ... | 1983 | 6297845 |
| competition for cellular receptor sites among selected aphthoviruses. | the competition between different types of aphthoviruses (foot-and-mouth disease virus [fmdv]) for receptor site utilization was determined. the southern african territories (sat) types of fmdv absorbed poorly to bhk-21 cells as measured by a radioactivity binding assay but grew to relatively high titers on these cells. on bk cells, however, all three sat types bound well and competed with each other for receptor sites. in addition, unlabeled fmdv types a12 and o1b were able to completely inhibi ... | 1982 | 6297430 |
| air sampling of pigs infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus: comparison of litton and cyclone samplers. | the air in looseboxes containing groups of pigs in the acute stage of foot-and-mouth disease was sampled simultaneously with two air-sampling devices: a large volume sampler (litton) and a cyclone sampler. although the cyclone sampler was slightly less efficient at trapping airborne virus it was easier to operate. when pigs were sampled individually within a 610 litre cabinet using the cyclone sampler, the mean recovery of virus over a 24 hour period was log10 8 x 6 tcid50 per animal. this figur ... | 1982 | 6296955 |
| nature of the antibody response to the foot-and-mouth disease virus particle, its 12s protein subunit and the isolated immunizing polypeptide vp1. | inoculation of inactivated 146s foot-and-mouth disease virus particles into guinea-pigs elicited the formation of neutralizing antibody and the serum had a 10-fold higher titre in radioimmunoassay (ria) with 146s particles than with the 12s virus subunit. in contrast, a single inoculation of the 12s subunit or the isolated polypeptide vp1 elicited the formation of antibody having a much lower titre in ria with the 146s particle than with the 12s subunit and low or undetectable neutralizing activ ... | 1982 | 6296284 |
| a tandem repeat gene in a picornavirus. | three closely related genes for the small genome-linked protein (vpg) of picornaviruses have been identified by sequence analysis as a tandem repeat in the genome of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv), strain o1k. this unusual structure was also found in the genome of strain c1o, belonging to a different fmdv serotype. predicted biochemical properties of the three vpg gene products are in excellent agreement with the data from protein analysis of a heterogeneous vpg population from a third fmdv ... | 1982 | 6294604 |
| further characterization of a protein kinase from foot-and-mouth disease virus. | acid disruption of foot-and-mouth disease virus released a protein kinase activity that sedimented at less than 7s. this enzyme was separated into three peaks of activity by ion-exchange and hydroxylapatite chromatography. analysis of the various enzyme fractions by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining revealed that one of the fractions lacked the major virion structural proteins, but still contained two or three other polypeptides. this enzyme phosphorylated mainly one protein ... | 1982 | 6294327 |
| comparative immunogenicity of 146s, 75s and 12s particles of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | 1982 | 6293410 | |
| [immune response in guinea pigs to foot-and-mouth disease virus. study of the biological activities of igg subclasses in hyperimmunized animal sera]. | 1980 | 6292997 | |
| the positively charged structural virus protein (vp1) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (type o1) contains a highly basic part which may be involved in early virus-cell interaction. | polypeptides of 'trypsin-resistant' (tr) variants of foot-and-mouth disease virus type o1 (bfs 1860) were analysed by electrofocusing and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. in contrast to parent o1 virus, trypsin treatment of these variants did not reduce their infectivity and their ability to attach to susceptible cells, although vp1 was cleaved as in the parent virus. in otr1, one of the cloned isolates, an additional polypeptide (vpa) with a mol. wt. approx. 31 x 10(3) (31k), was found whic ... | 1982 | 6292355 |
| neutralization of foot-and-mouth disease virus. ii. further parameters related to the sensitization of the 140s virion by antibody. | the reaction of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) with 12s subunit/140s virion cross-reactive (sensitizing) antibody was studied in order to elucidate the requirements for neutralization versus sensitization. the presence of sensitizing antibody in immune serum caused an atypical in vitro neutralization response curve and a non-neutralized fraction. cell-associated (cytophilic) antibody was not present in the system. dissociation of the immune complex was not a factor and sensitized virus adso ... | 1982 | 6292352 |
| concentration of foot-and-mouth disease virus in milk of cows infected under simulated field conditions. | 1982 | 6292275 | |
| partial characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants of foot-and-mouth disease virus, o1 caseros strain. | the preliminary characterization of four temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of the o1 caseros strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus is described. two mutants, ts 6 and ts 40, showed a very low rna synthesis rate at nonpermissive temperature and were classified phenotypically as rna(-). shift-up experiments demonstrated an incapacity to organize the rna replicative process at nonpermissive temperature. another mutant (ts 139) behaved phenotypically as rna(+) and its virions were more thermolabil ... | 1982 | 6292127 |
| serological analysis of recent type o foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates from europe. | 1982 | 6291221 | |
| a novel structure seen when foot-and-mouth disease virus-induced poly (u) polymerase acts in a cell-free system. | 1982 | 6290687 | |
| susceptibility of squirrel and cebus monkeys to foot-and-mouth disease virus. | 1982 | 6290662 | |
| the elution of foot-and-mouth disease virus from vaccines adjuvanted with aluminium hydroxide and with saponin. | 1982 | 6290497 | |
| portraits of viruses: foot-and-mouth disease virus. | 1982 | 6288615 | |
| difference in protective immunity of the tongue and feet of guinea pigs vaccinated with foot-and-mouth disease virus type a12 following intradermolingual and footpad challenge. | 1982 | 6287702 | |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus: immunogenicity and structure of fragments derived from capsid protein vp and of virus containing cleaved vp. | peptide fragments were obtained from the immunogenic capsid protein vp3, ca. 24 kilodaltons (kd), of foot-and-mouth disease virus type a12 119ab by three procedures: (1) spontaneous proteolysis of in virion vp3 in tissue cultures to produce a 15 kd peptide, designated s fragment; (2) trypsin treatment of purified virus to produce a 16 kg peptide, designated t fragment; and (3) cyanogen bromide cleavage of purified vp3 to produce a 13 kd fragment. following isolation and purification by gel elect ... | 1982 | 6287701 |
| immunosuppression in bovine trypanosomiasis: response of cattle infected with trypanosoma congolense to foot-and-mouth disease vaccination and subsequent live virus challenge. | the primary and secondary antibody responses to foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine were examined in cattle infected with trypanosoma congolense and the response of some of these animals to live foot-and-mouth disease virus challenge was assessed. infected groups of cattle had rather lower antibody responses than uninfected control cattle after primary vaccination but the antibody titres were not significantly depressed until after secondary vaccination. these levels remained depressed for the ... | 1982 | 6285433 |
| [molecular biology of the foot-and-mouth disease virus]. | 1981 | 6285123 | |
| guanidine and heat sensitivity of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) strains. | a study of the ability of 49 strains of fmd virus to replicate in bhk-21 monolayer cells maintained under a standard agar overlay containing 5.2 mm guanidine hydrochloride and to withstand heat inactivation at 54 degrees c for 1 h showed that strains belonging to serotypes c, o and asia 1 were generally more resistant to guanidine and heat stable than the sat 1, 2 and 3 serotypes. the type a viruses as a whole occupied an intermediate position between these two groups. in vitro passage in bhk-21 ... | 1982 | 6284836 |
| qualitative assessment of 146 s particles of foot-and-mouth disease virus in preparations destined for vaccines. | 1982 | 6284761 | |
| interactions between saponin and 146s particles of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | 1982 | 6284760 | |
| sensitivity of seven different types of cell cultures to three serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | the ability of bovine tongue origin foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes a, o and c to replicate in seven different types of cell cultures was studied. primary and secondary calf thyroid cells were equivalent in susceptibility to bovine kidney cell cultures passaged up to five times. calf thyroid cells lost their susceptibility after two passages. cryopreserved bovine kidney cell cultures passaged three and four times were equivalent in susceptibility to sensitive calf thyroid and bovine kidne ... | 1982 | 6284329 |
| antibody titres to african horse sickness, swine vesicular disease and foot-and-mouth disease viruses in samples from equidae in malta, 1975. | 1982 | 6284298 | |
| variations in the buoyant density of foot-and-mouth disease virus strains. | some of the factors which effect the buoyant density in caesium chloride of foot-and-mouth disease virus were investigated. under standard conditions, the buoyant densities of a range of vaccine virus strains, representing all seven serotypes, were found to be unrelated to their potential of being formulated into effective vaccines. in some virus strains, a small amount of naturally occurring high and/or low density components were observed and these components were examined in more detail in on ... | 1982 | 6284093 |
| [use of the radial immunodiffusion test in the study of foot-and-mouth disease viruses]. | the radial immunodiffusion test (rit) was used in the study of the quantitative interrelations between three subtypes of type a of the foot-and-mouth disease virus--a5, a10, and a22. a reverse proportional correlation was demonstrated between the size of the precipitation circles and the antibody concentration in the homologous sera, and a direct proportional correlation between the diameter of the circles and the amount of the antigen used. it was shown that one and the same antigen produced pr ... | 1981 | 6283723 |
| differentiation of foot-and-mouth disease virus strains using a competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates were compared using solid-phase competition and indirect microenzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. results were compared to those obtained from complement fixation tests. similar relationships between the isolates were obtained using the indirect enzyme immunoassay and complement fixation tests. the competition assay was more discriminatory and the results did not always correlate with the other two assays. | 1982 | 6282918 |
| the nucleotide sequence of cdna coding for the structural proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of cdna coding for the structural capsid polypeptides of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) (strain a(10)61) has been determined. portions of the flanking sequence coding for the nonstructural proteins p20a and p52 are also provided. the three larger structural polypeptides vp1, vp2 and vp3 have unmodified mrs of 23248, 24649 and 24213, respectively. the size of the smaller polypeptide, vp4, can only be estimated at 7360 because the 5'-limit of its coding region ... | 1982 | 6282711 |
| three strains of european foot-and-mouth disease virus are highly conserved in the 3'-termini and highly variable in the genes of two capsid proteins. | restriction enzyme-generated subgenomic fragments of cloned cdna prepared from rna of the strain o1 kaufbeuren (o1k) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) were compared qualitatively and quantitatively for sequence complementarity with radioactive rna from strains c oberbayern (cobb) and a2 spain (a2s) in hybridization experiments on nitrocellulose membranes. quantitative comparison of nucleic acid sequences neighbouring (c obb/o1k) or including (a2s/o1k) the 3' end of the virus genomes demonst ... | 1982 | 6281370 |
| application of rnase t1 one- and two-dimensional analyses to the rapid identification of foot-and-mouth disease viruses. | the analysis of several isolates of foot-and-mouth disease virus by rnase t1 fingerprinting of the 32p-labeled rna is described. it has been shown that use of the 35s induced rna instead of the virus particle rna has two advantages. (i) about 40 times more radioactivity is incorporated into the induced rna. (ii) the rna can be prepared much more rapidly, thus increasing the value of the technique in rapid diagnosis. one-dimensional maps, in which the rnase t1 oligonucleotides are separated accor ... | 1982 | 6281186 |
| observations and implications of proteolysis in preparations of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | the integrity of the vp1 protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus was assessed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (following storage at 4 degrees c of conventional tissue culture preparations and concentrated preparations of the virus. there was little evidence of vp1 degradation in tissue culture filtrates whereas considerable degradation was observed throughout a range of different concentrates. the use of the proteolytic enzyme inhibitor 'trasylol' appeared to inhibit vp1 degradation in som ... | 1981 | 6281109 |
| the use of highly concentrated purified (by a large scale method) and long term liquid nitrogen stored foot-and-mouth disease viruses for the preparation of vaccines: physico-chemical quality controls and potency tests after storage. | in 1974 a new industrial technique for concentration and purification of fmd virus was presented at the oie conference. the bulk inactivated virus from this technique was stored in liquid nitrogen vapour until required for vaccine formulation. in 1981, having applied this technique regularly for seven years, we now describe the results obtained and the advantages gained in the field of trivalent o, a, c bovine vaccine production. vaccines prepared from such bulk virus stocks after several years ... | 1981 | 6281108 |
| serological differentiation of foot-and-mouth disease virus on electron microscope grids coated with protein a and antibody. | a serological technique using electron microscope grids coated with protein a and antiserum was able to detect foot-and- mouth disease virus particles in oesophageal-pharyngeal fluids from infected cattle without the need for prior concentration of the sample. the technique was adapted to differentiate serologically among foot-and-mouth disease virus types a, o and c with antigen-adsorbed sera. when grids were coated with heterotypic antigenadsorbed antisera, the homotypic antigen could be obser ... | 1981 | 6280815 |
| the adsorption and degradation of foot-and-mouth disease virus by isolated bhk-21 cell plasma membranes. | 1982 | 6278720 | |
| cores in foot-and-mouth disease virus. | 1982 | 6278713 | |
| long distance transport of foot-and-mouth disease virus over the sea. | the conditions required for the transport of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus in the atmosphere over long distances and in sufficient concentrations to cause infection in exposed animals are described. using these factors a series of 23 outbreaks of fmd in europe, where the original outbreaks were separated from later outbreaks by sea passage, have been investigated. the findings obtained support the hypothesis that under certain conditions the airborne transmission of fmd over a long sea pass ... | 1982 | 6278697 |
| relationship between plaque size and the immunising ability of the foot-and-mouth disease virus sat 1 nig 10/75. | 1981 | 6277283 | |
| thermal stability of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | the thermal stabilities of 146s component of seven strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus were found to differ considerably. inactivation of infectivity with acetylethyleneimine (aei) reduced the thermal stabilities of all but one of the viruses. treatment of aei inactivated and control virus preparations with glutaraldehyde stabilized 146s particles to a considerable extent, whereas treatment with dimethyl suberimidate was less effective. in similar experiments with 75s, natural empty particle ... | 1981 | 6277281 |
| characterization of a 70s polyuridylic acid polymerase isolated from foot-and-mouth disease virus-infected cells. | a polyuridylic acid polymerase complex isolated from foot-and-mouth disease virus-infected cells sedimented at 70s in a sucrose gradient and appeared in the exclusion volume of an agarose column whose molecular weight cutoff was 5 x 10(6). phenol extraction of the complex yielded a heterogeneous band of virus-specific rna and an apparently host cell-derived 4.5 to 5s rna, both of which are essentially single stranded. neither rna served as a template in the cell-free enzyme reaction. polyacrylam ... | 1981 | 6275123 |
| production in b. subtilis of hepatitis b core antigen and a major antigen of foot and mouth disease virus. | 1981 | 6273732 | |
| [comparative trial of the immunogenic properties of commercial foot-and-mouth virus strains]. | comparative investigations on the antigenic relation and the immunogenic properties of the foot-and-mouth disease virus types o, a, and c. were carried out with the aid of the quantitative cft and experiments with guinea pigs. it was established that the viruses of a given type were closely related antigenically and belonged to one and the same subtype group (r greater than of equal to 70 per cent). immunogenicity studies revealed that strains o1y a5f, c 564, and cf were best in terms of immunog ... | 1981 | 6272473 |
| cloned viral protein vaccine for foot-and-mouth disease: responses in cattle and swine. | a dna sequence coding for the immunogenic capsid protein vp3 of foot-and-mouth disease virus a12, prepared from the virion rna, was ligated to a plasmid designed to express a chimeric protein from the escherichia coli tryptophan promoter-operator system. when escherichia coli transformed with this plasmid was grown in tryptophan-depleted media, approximately 17 percent of the total cellular protein was found to be an insoluble and stable chimeric protein. the purified chimeric protein competed e ... | 1981 | 6272395 |
| vesicular exocytosis of foot- and -mouth disease virus from mammary gland secretory epithelium of infected cows. | foot-and-mouth disease virus particles were observed by electron microscopy in the cytoplasma of alveolar secretory cells of the bovine mammary gland after contact exposure of uninfected cows to pits with foot-and-mouth disease. virus, contained in membrane-limited vesicles, was released from the basal and peranuclear portions of the cells into the intracellular and extracellular spaces by an exocytotic mechanism similar to that of the release of th milk-fat globule. virus was released into the ... | 1981 | 6271913 |
| heterogeneity of infection-associated particles in foot-and-mouth disease virus. | 1981 | 6270879 | |
| temperature-sensitive rna polymerase mutants of a picornavirus. | temperature-sensitive (ts) rna polymerase mutants of a picornavirus are reported. two foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) mutants designated ts 22 and ts 115 have been characterized. as judged by isoelectric focusing, both have charge alterations in p56a, the fmdv rna polymerase protein. virus rna synthesis in cells infected with the mutants is severely impaired at the nonpermissive temperature. rna polymerase purified from baby hamster kidney cells infected with these mutants exhibits a marked ... | 1981 | 6270678 |
| effect of mutation on the virulence in mice of a strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | twenty-eight mutations, representing mutation in five different polypeptide-coding regions of the foot-and-mouth disease genome, were examined for their effect on the virulence of the virus for suckling mice. five types of mutation were examined: temperature-sensitive (ts), electrophoretic (e), co-variant temperature-sensitive and electrophoretic (ts/e), guanidine-resistant (gs+) and putative co-variant guanidine-resistant and electrophoretic (gs+/e). all the ts mutations and three out of the 11 ... | 1981 | 6270249 |
| identification of a protein kinase activity in purified foot- and-mouth disease virus. | purified preparations of foot-and-mouth disease virus types a, o, and c contain a protein kinase activity which can transfer the gamma phosphate of [32p]atp to virion structural proteins vp2 and vp3 and exogenous acceptor proteins. utilizing protamine sulfate as an acceptor, the kinase activity can be demonstrated in disrupted virus but not in intact virus. the enzyme is heat labile with optimal activity at ph 7 or greater. serine residues of protamine sulfate were identified as the amino acid p ... | 1981 | 6268834 |
| removal of the genome-linked protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus by rabbit reticulocyte lysate. | rabbit reticulocyte lysate cleaves the genome-linked protein vpg from foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) rna. this activity could be reliably monitored since removal of the protein resulted in a change in migration in polyacrylamide gels of the small specific 5' and fragment of the rna (s fragment). the unlinking activity cleaved the bond between the tyrosine residue of vpg and the rna to leave a 5' phosphate on the rna. the 5' sequence of the rna from which vpg had been removed by rabbit retic ... | 1981 | 6268821 |
| a sensitive method for the detection and isolation of recombinants of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | recombination between temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus was examined, using an infectious centre technique that was more sensitive (approx. 30-fold) than the conventional virus yield test. the test involved a brief incubation of the mixedly infected cells at the permissive temperature to allow recombination to occur followed by assay at the restrictive temperature to select for those cells in which recombination had occurred. with crosses involving widely s ... | 1981 | 6267181 |
| [laboratory trials of culturing bhk 21 c 13 cells in a roller using an enzymatic egg hydrolysate-based nutrient medium]. | experiments were carried out to find the optimal conditions for the replication of bhk 21 c 13 cells in one 1 roller glassware with the use of a nutrient medium containing products of the enzymatic breakdown of white of egg. studied was the sensitivity of these cells to the type c strain 'hungary' of the foot-and-mouth disease virus. two series of f. m. d. vaccines were produced, which proved to be sterile and innocuous for guinea pigs. immunogenicity trials with regard to these animals revealed ... | 1980 | 6266126 |