Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| antibacterial activities of epiroprim, a new dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, alone and in combination with dapsone. | epiroprim (epm; ro 11-8958) is a new selective inhibitor of microbial dihydrofolate reductase. epm displayed excellent activity against staphylococci, enterococci, pneumococci, and streptococci which was considerably better than that of trimethoprim (tmp). epm was also active against tmp-resistant strains, although the mics were still relatively high. its combination with dapsone (dds) was synergistic and showed as in vitro activity superior to that of the tmp combination with sulfamethoxazole ( ... | 1996 | 8726004 |
| 6,7-disubstituted 2,4-diaminopteridines: novel inhibitors of pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate reductase. | four novel, disubstituted diaminopteridines have been identified which antagonize the uptake of a folate precursor (para-aminobenzoic acid) by rat-derived pneumocystis carinii maintained in short-term axenic culture at concentrations ranging from 4.5 to 26 microm. the compounds were at least 10 to 100 times more active than trimethoprim in this assay. none of these entities exhibited toxicity to mammalian cell lines at < 100 microm. the same structures also caused significant inhibition of toxop ... | 1996 | 8726003 |
| rapid oral desensitization to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in infants and children. | although trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is the preferred chemoprophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, there are frequent ige-mediated reactions among children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). oral desensitization allows more patients to receive chemoprophylaxis, but it has been studied in only a limited number of children. | 1996 | 8724071 |
| trophozoite elimination in a rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by clinically achievable plasma deferoxamine concentrations. | in a rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, a 3-week infusion of deferoxamine producing concentrations in plasma of > or = 1.5 micrograms m-1 eliminated the trophozoite life cycle stage. since this concentration is well below that routinely achieved in patients treated for iron overload, deferoxamine has promise as a therapy for aids-associated p.carinii pneumonia. | 1996 | 8723489 |
| in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory effects of anti-pneumocystis carinii drugs. | the anti-pneumocystis carinii drug effects on mitogen-, antigen-, and interleukin-2-induced proliferative responses and on natural killer (nk) cell-mediated activity were analyzed in vivo (rats) and in vitro (normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells). splenocytes derived from in vivo piritrexim- and clindamycin-treated rats showed a significant inhibition of mitogen-induced proliferative responses. in vitro exposure to clindamycin, piritrexim, and pyrimethamine caused an inhibition of hum ... | 1996 | 8723488 |
| zidovudine, trimethoprim, and dapsone pharmacokinetic interactions in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | zidovudine is widely prescribed for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. trimethoprim and dapsone are commonly used in the management of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients. to examine the pharmacokinetic interactions among these drugs, eight hiv-infected patients (26 to 43 years old) with a mean cd4 count of 524.4 +/- 405.7 cells per mm3 received zidovudine (200 mg), trimethoprim (200 mg), and dapsone (100 mg) as single agents and in two- and three- ... | 1996 | 8723472 |
| serum igg antibody response to pneumocystis carinii among immunosuppressed, malnourished and healthy rats. | pneumocystis carinii is an important opportunistic pulmonary pathogen that causing pneumonia in premature infants, children with immunodeficiency diseases and patients of all ages receiving immunosuppressive agents. in this work, humoral immune responses to this organism were studied, using ifat during the period of infection and recovery of immunosuppressed and malnourished rats compared to healthy group. where sever pneumonitis similar to that seen in humans can be induced in this experimental ... | 1996 | 8721229 |
| recent advances in the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1996 | 8718463 | |
| validating literature-based models with direct clinical trial results: the cost-effectiveness of secondary prophylaxis for pcp in aids patients. | to compare literature-based estimates of the cost-effectiveness ratios of strategies for secondary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in aids patients with estimates obtained using data from a recent comparative clinical trial. | 1996 | 8717596 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. diagnosis using immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies]. | 1996 | 8714195 | |
| pulmonary complications of hiv infection. | pulmonary disease is a major source of morbidity and mortality in hiv-infected persons. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia has decreased substantially during the last eight years, but in the united states it remains the most common disorder that announces the onset of aids. in contrast, tuberculosis is by far the most important aids-associated indicator disease in developing countries. community-acquired acute bacterial pneumonia is a common hiv-linked complication throughout the world; pneumonia oc ... | 1996 | 8712766 |
| hiv-associated respiratory diseases. | the lungs of individuals infected with hiv are often affected by opportunistic infections and tumours; over two-thirds of patients have at least one respiratory episode during the course of their disease. despite the availability of effective prophylaxis, infection with the fungus pneumocystis carinii remains a common cause of respiratory disease. bacterial infections, which occur more frequently in hiv-infected persons than in the general population, and tuberculosis are increasing causes of mo ... | 1996 | 8709692 |
| detecting infection and inflammation with technetium-99m-labeled stealth liposomes. | the performance of 99mtc stealth liposomes was investigated in various rat models. | 1996 | 8708782 |
| risks and benefits of aerosolized pentamidine and cotrimoxazole in primary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-1-infected patients: a two-year italian multicentric randomized controlled trial. the italian pcp study group. | we randomized 220 hiv-1-infected subjects to receive aerosolized pentamidine (300 mg/4 weeks) or orally trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (320-1600 mg/day) for primary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), and evaluated pcp and toxoplasmic encephalitis (te) occurrence and survival. patients developing toxicity switched to the other regimen. analysis was on intention-to-treat. at 1 year of study, we observed in the pentamidine group a non-significant excess of pcp (4 vs. 1) and te (7 v ... | 1996 | 8708369 |
| perforation of the small intestine in a patient with disseminated pneumocystis carinii infection in aids. | perforation of the small intestine due to a segmental transmural pneumocystis carinii infiltrate of the whole circumference was found in a surgical resection specimen as the cause of an acute abdomen in a 48-year-old heterosexual male patient suffering from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. on autopsy, a disseminated pneumocystis carinii infection was found involving spleen, thyroid gland and lymph nodes. the origin of this disseminated infection was a recurrent and severe pneumocystis carinii ... | 1996 | 8705791 |
| case report: pneumocystis carinii pneumonia presenting as a solitary cavitating lung lesion in non-hiv immunosuppressed patients. | pneumocystis carinii is one of the most common pulmonary opportunistic infections in immunodeficient patients. it has a classical chest radiographic appearance of bilateral interstitial infiltrates. recently, cystic or cavitating lesions have been reported in hiv patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. we report two cases of non-aids immunosuppressed patients with the unusual presentation of a solitary cavity in the lung. | 1996 | 8705187 |
| trends in age at the first medical evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus infection among infants born to infected mothers. new york city pediatric spectrum of hiv disease clinical consortium. | to evaluate the trends in age at the first medical evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection among infants enrolled in the pediatric spectrum of disease study born to mothers infected with hiv. | 1996 | 8704882 |
| preventing opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons: implications for the developing world. | more than 18 million persons in the world are estimated to have been infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), the cause of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). as immunodeficiency progresses, these persons become susceptible to a wide variety of opportunistic infections (ois) the spectrum of ois varies among regions of the world. tuberculosis is the most common serious oi in sub-saharan africa and is also more common in latin america and in asia than in the united states. bact ... | 1996 | 8702012 |
| effect of sex and dexamethasone dose on the experimental host for pneumocystis carinii. | 1996 | 8699805 | |
| assessment of in vivo attachment/phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages. | alveolar macrophages (ams) are recognized as an important first line of cellular host defense within the lung. although mechanisms underlying am response to microorganisms or particulates are well characterized in vitro, experimental approaches to the study of ams in vivo are limited. to circumvent these limitations, a new assay was developed using fluorescently labelled liposomes or pneumocystis carinii (pc) organisms which were administered intratracheally into mechanically ventilated rats. af ... | 1996 | 8699028 |
| t- and b-lymphocyte-independent formation of alveolar macrophage-derived multinucleated giant cells in murine pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | multinucleated giant cells developed in pneumocystis carinii-diseased gene disruption mutant mice deficient in major histocompatibility complex class ii molecules, t-cell receptor alpha beta cells, or all mature t and b lymphocytes. these findings demonstrate lymphocyte-independent fusion of alveolar macrophages under morbid conditions. pulmonary parasite burden seems to be a decisive factor in multinucleation. | 1996 | 8698516 |
| [paraproteins and lymphoma in hiv positive patients]. | compared to healthy subjects there is a higher incidence of monoclonal immunoglobulins (= paraproteins = pp) in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). high-grade b-cell non-hodgkin's lymphomas (nhl) are the second most common neoplasms in these patients. our aim was to determine whether paraproteins would be of diagnostic significance regarding an underlying or developing nhl. | 1996 | 8692105 |
| 2,4-diamino-5-deaza-6-substituted pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine antifolates as potent and selective nonclassical inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductases. | fifteen novel nonclassical and two classical 2,4-diamino-6-(benzylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine antifolates were synthesized as potential inhibitors of pneumocystis carinii, (pc) toxoplasma gondii, (tg) rat liver (rl), and human (h) recombinant dihydrofolate reductases (dhfr). these analogues lack a 5-methyl substitution which has been shown to be important for increased hdhfr inhibitory activity. in addition, they contain a reversal of the c9-n10 bridge present in folates and most antifolates. ... | 1996 | 8691474 |
| soluble versus cell-bound cd4, cd8 from bronchoalveolar lavage: correlation with pulmonary diagnoses in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. | identification and assessment of cell populations in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) specimens may he used to follow the course of a disease state or response to specific therapy. beyond cellular assessment, there are indications that the presence and quantity of soluble surface antigens released from activated cells may lead to improved understanding and facilitated diagnosis of a number of disease states. this study evaluated soluble markers (scd4 and scd8) in bal and serum from hiv-infected indi ... | 1996 | 8691065 |
| enhanced efficacy of a liposomal pentamidine preparation in pneumocystis carinii in an ex vivo/in vitro culture model without feederlayer cells. | the effects of pentamidine isethionate, phosphatidylcholine-liposomes (ppc-lip) and combinations of both on the survival of pneumocystis carinii trophozoites in a culture system without feederlayer cells were quantified. pentamidine or ppc-lip alone reduced significantly the number of cells, with a clear dose dependence. combinations of both drugs showed overadditive effects on cell counts reduction. additional em-investigations showed a rapid destruction of cell structures especially with the p ... | 1996 | 8688862 |
| an h(+)-atpase regulates cytoplasmic ph in pneumocystis carinii trophozoites. | pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic fungus which causes interstitial pneumonia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). cytoplasmic ph (phi) regulation in short-term-cultured p. carinii trophozoites was studied using the fluorescent dye 2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(-6)-carboxyfluorescein. with an extracellular ph of 7.4, the mean baseline phi of p. carinii trophozoites was 7.40 +/- 0.10 (n = 8). this steady-state phi was not significantly affected in the absence of extra ... | 1996 | 8687417 |
| adverse events from drug therapy for human immunodeficiency virus disease. | drug therapies for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection are associated with adverse events that can potentially limit their effectiveness. we sought to quantify the incidence of these events in clinical practice and determine whether there were demographic and clinical differences in adverse event rates for these drugs. | 1996 | 8686712 |
| opportunistic bronchopulmonary infections after lung transplantation: clinical and radiographic findings. | to assess clinical and radiographic findings in opportunistic bronchopulmonary infections after lung transplantation. | 1996 | 8685324 |
| [prognostic factors of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids]. | identify prognosis factors in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia at diagnosis and construct a model to predict mortality according to these prognosis factors. | 1996 | 8685193 |
| [systemic diseases and infections: current questions]. | infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with connective tissue diseases. infectious consequences are caused by systemic disorders by themselves and the immunosuppressive treatments. systemic lupus erythematosus and wegener's granulomatosis are associated with the higher risk of infection. primary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia has to be systematically given in patients with wegener's granulomatosis and in other patients with connective tissue diseases i ... | 1996 | 8685184 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: an opportunistic infectious risk associated with systemic diseases and their treatment]. | pneumocystis carinii, an opportunistic pathogen, often causes pneumonia in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. in patients free of hiv infection, the risk is clearly associated with certain diseases and immunosuppressive therapy. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia can complicate solid or hematologic malignancies, organ transplantation and connective tissue diseases. recent therapeutic strategies based on aggressive immunosuppression have increased the risk of opportunistic inf ... | 1996 | 8685177 |
| [pulmonary toxoplasmosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 21 cases]. | assess expression of pulmonary toxoplasmosis, the second most frequent localization after brain, in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | 1996 | 8685107 |
| cytomegalovirus in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from patients with aids: comparison with antigenaemia and viraemia. | pulmonary infection with cytomegalovirus (cmv) is a well recognised complication of aids. it is often possible to detect cmv-infected cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) specimens with monoclonal antibodies, but the clinical significance of their presence remains unclear. to investigate this, 24 aids patients were tested for cmv antigenaemia and viraemia, in addition to cmv detection in bal. cmv was detected in the bal of nine patients (38%), five with clinical and laboratory evidence of pulmo ... | 1996 | 8683552 |
| imbalance between pneumocystis carinii cysts and trophozoites in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with pneumocystosis receiving prophylaxis. | detection and quantification of different pneumocystis carinii (pc) life cycle forms were performed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and by morphological stains on bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (balf) from hiv-infected patients with p. carinii pneumonia (pcp). the number of pc trophozoites was higher in patients with pcp who were receiving prophylaxis than in those not receiving prophylaxis. also the cyst: trophozoite ratio was lower in the first group. no difference was observed between patie ... | 1996 | 8683551 |
| an effectiveness community-based clinical trial of respirgard ii and fisoneb nebulizers for pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis with aerosol pentamidine in hiv-infected individuals. toronto aerosol pentamidine study (taps) group. | to compare the effectiveness of a standard jet nebulizer, respirgard ii, and a standard ultrasonic nebulizer, fisoneb, for the administration of aerosolized pentamidine (ap) as primary and secondary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in hiv-infected individuals. | 1996 | 8681618 |
| the safety of i.v. pentamidine administered in an ambulatory setting. | i.v. pentamidine is well known to cause severe multiorgan adverse effects and is usually given to hospitalized patients under close monitoring. the primary purpose of this retrospective quality assurance study is to assess the safety of administering i.v. pentamidine in the medical daycare unit (mdcu) for outpatients. thirty-five outpatients infected with the hiv made 306 visits to the mdcu from january 1991 to december 1993. they received i.v. pentamidine in a dosage of either 300 mg once a mon ... | 1996 | 8681617 |
| prospective, controlled study of the outcome of human immunodeficiency virus-1 antibody-positive children admitted to an intensive care unit. | intensive care resources are both scarce and costly in south africa. we set out to ascertain whether human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) status affects the spectrum of disease and the prognosis in children treated in pediatric intensive care units (icus). | 1996 | 8681599 |
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and futility. | 1996 | 8681586 | |
| long-term administration of aerosolized pentamidine as primary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in infants and children with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection. the italian pediatric collaborative study group on pentamidine. | summary: we assessed the long-term feasibility, safety, and tolerability of two regimens of aerosolized pentamidine (ap) as primary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in a large sample of infants and children with symptomatic hiv infection in 21 pediatric departments. one hundred forty children were assigned to receive 60 mg every 2 weeks (n = 60) or 120 mg every 4 weeks (n = 80) of ap, delivered by the ultrasonic nebulizer fisoneb under the supervision of trained personnel. chi ... | 1996 | 8680887 |
| pulmonary complications of hiv infection in dar es salaam, tanzania. role of bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage. | to determine the pulmonary complications in hiv-1-infected patients in dar es salaam, tanzania, and to evaluate the diagnostic utility of bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage, we carried out a prospective study of 237 patients with acute respiratory disease who were hospitalized at muhimbili medical center (mmc). diagnoses were made using well-defined criteria. of the total, 127 (54%) were hiv-1-seropositive and 110 (46%) were seronegative. tuberculosis was the most common diagnosis occurring ... | 1996 | 8680664 |
| safety of dapsone as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with allergy to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. | to assess the safety of dapsone prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with prior intolerance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx). | 1996 | 8678080 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids: retrospective analysis of 80 documented cases (1985-1993)]. | eighty initial episodes of hiv-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) diagnosed at bordeaux hospital between 1985 and 1993 are reported (57 were men and 23 women). pcp revealed hiv infection in 29 patients (36%). others cases were patients with poor medical follow up (10%), with a cd4+ lymphocyte count above 200/mm3 at last follow-up (9%), non compliant with pcp prophylaxis (9%), or using aerolized pentamidine (ap+) (20%). the main clinical symptoms were fever (90%), dyspnea (68%), non ... | 1996 | 8677382 |
| [a case of aids with bronchial tuberculosis]. | a case is 48 years-old japanese man who had a history of frequent sexual contact with prostitutes in thailand and the philippines. he presented with chief complaint of chest discomfort in april 1995. his chest x-ray film showed right mediastinal lymph node swelling in other hospital and the sputum smear was strongly positive for acid fast bacilli. in may 1995, he was admitted to our hospital and serological tests for hiv were positive both by eia and western blot methods. the cd4 lymphocyte coun ... | 1996 | 8676592 |
| antibody-mediated shift in the profile of glycoprotein a phenotypes observed in a mouse model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | it is well established that pneumocystis carinii has the molecular capability for variation of a major surface antigen, glycoprotein a (gpa). however, the extent of expression of gpa variation among p. carinii organisms infecting a single host and whether this variation has any impact on host-parasite immunological interactions is unknown. using a mouse model of p. carinii pneumonia, we were able to demonstrate the expression of more than one gpa phenotype in a closed population of infected mice ... | 1996 | 8675284 |
| costs of hiv+/aids at cd4+ counts disease stages based on treatment protocols. | we report treatment protocols for hiv+/aids patients by cd4+ counts (t-lymphocyte cells/mm3: > or = 500, 499-200, 199-50, and < 50) as a tool to provide better definition and to project annual costs (total charges for services) and lifetimes costs for hiv+/aids. the treatment protocols, derived from the literature and an hiv+/aids physician panel, defined the resource use associated with antiretroviral therapy and opportunistic disease prophylaxis and treatment. resource use costs were derived f ... | 1996 | 8673552 |
| predictors of resource utilization for hospitalized patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp): a summary of effects from the multi-city study of quality of pcp care. | to determine whether patient and hospital characteristics were significantly associated with variations in pneumocystis carinii (pcp) care and outcomes, we analyzed the use of diagnostic tests, intensive care units (icus), anti-pcp medications for persons hospitalized with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related pcp, and hospital discharge status. we conducted retrospective chart reviews of a cohort of 2,174 patients with pcp hospitalized in 1987-1990. outcomes included process of care for pc ... | 1996 | 8673547 |
| simultaneous pulmonary infection by nocardia asteroides and pneumocystis carinii in a renal transplant patient. | 1996 | 8671868 | |
| [pneumocystis pneumonia in light of personal observations]. | during a period of 10 months, 87 children with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia accompanied transient cellular immunity disorders and with normal humoral immunity were observed. it is suggested that change the invasiveness of the parasite has changed. the necessity of taking into consideration a pneumocystis etiology in diagnosis of respiratory tract diseases among children is pointed out. | 1995 | 8668366 |
| hiv infection in malaysia: a report of cases seen at the university hospital, kuala lumpur. | the spread of hiv infection into malaysia is estimated to have occurred in the early 1980's. the first case of aids was reported here in 1986. as of march 31, 1994, the numbers have increased to 8049 hiv positive individuals detected in the country. the risk behaviours among those tested positive were intravenous drug use in 77.2%, sexual transmission in 4.5%, while the remainder are still under investigation. pediatric aids constitutes 0.2% of positives. the high prevalence among intravenous dr ... | 1995 | 8668046 |
| [the pattern of aids-indicative diseases in adults and adolescents in spain, 1988-1993]. | the pattern of aids-defining diseases in adults and adolescents in spain from 1988-1993 has been described. | 1996 | 8667673 |
| better efficacy of twice-monthly than monthly aerosolised pentamidine for secondary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids. an italian multicentric randomised controlled trial. the italian pcp study group. | the aim of this multicentric randomised controlled trial was to evaluate long-term efficacy and safety of once-monthly versus twice-monthly 300 mg aerosolized pentamidine (ap) as secondary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). we randomised 205 patients with a previous confirmed episode of pcp (107 treated with 300 mg once-monthly ap, and 98 with 300 mg twice monthly ap); the median review period was 232 days. kaplan-meier method and cox's hazard regression model were used for ana ... | 1995 | 8666860 |
| role of il-12 in peripheral blood mononuclear cell responses to fungi in persons with and without hiv infection. | clinical trials of il-12 in persons infected with hiv have been proposed based on recent evidence suggesting il-12 plays a critical role in the development of protective immune responses, and the hiv infection is associated with a deficiency of il-12. as fungal infections are among the most common opportunistic infections associated with aids, we examined whether il-12 p40 gene expression and p70 release in response to cryptococcus neoformans and candida albicans were deficient in monocyte-enric ... | 1996 | 8666825 |
| [pancreatic disease in patients with hiv treated with didanosine (ddi)]. | pancreatic involvement has been studied in 70 hiv infected patients, in diverse stages, that were treated with didanosine (ddi), both as monotherapy or associated to zidovudine; 38% of patients presented adverse reaction that obliged to withdraw the medication: pancreatitis (4%), hyperamylasemia (21%) and abdominal pain and/or diarrhea (12%). the possible causes in presentation of adverse effects were evaluated: route of infection, stage of hiv infection, use of pentamidine or trimethoprim-sulfa ... | 1996 | 8664067 |
| occurrence of cytomegalovirus retinitis after human immunodeficiency virus immunosuppression. | to estimate the incidence and prevalence of cytomegalovirus retinitis (cmv-r) in late-stage human immunodeficiency virus type 1 disease. | 1996 | 8660165 |
| treatment related deaths during induction and in first remission in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: mrc ukall x. | the benefits of achieving a long term event free survival of 60-70% by using increasingly intense treatment regimens must be weighed against the increased risk of treatment toxicity. from 1985 to 1990, 1612 children with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (all) in the uk were treated on mrc ukall x with intensive induction therapy, central nervous system directed therapy (cranial irradiation and intrathecal methotrexate), and continuing treatment for two years. there was a randomisation to ... | 1996 | 8660070 |
| pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage and induced sputum: detection with a nested polymerase chain reaction. | to evaluate polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for detection of pneumocystis carinii, 117 bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) specimens, from hiv-infected patients undergoing a diagnostic bronchoscopy, were processed and a nested pcr, followed by southern blot and hybridization with a p32-labelled probe was performed. the sensitivity and specificity were 85 and 100% 934/40 and 77/77) respectively. a non-radioactive labelling system blugene was evaluated on all specimens, and found to be as effective as p3 ... | 1995 | 8658071 |
| rapid simple and nested polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | we have developed a rapid and easy extraction procedure for polymerase chain reaction (pcr) protocols. using this simplified step, we evaluated the sensitivity and the specificity of a simple pcr using the primers of wakefield et al, and of a nested pcr, using new internal primers selected by us, in a total of 89 bronochoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid samples from 43 immunosuppressed patients. in 13 patients, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was diagnosed by immunofluorescent antibody (ifa) sta ... | 1995 | 8658070 |
| persistent reduction in lung function after pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients. | by means of serial lung function tests we examined the changes in lung function and possible pulmonary long-term sequelae in aids patients with a primary episode of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). a total of 19 patients had lung function tests performed prospectively from the time of pcp diagnosis, at 7 days, 14 days, 1, 2, 3, 4.5, 6 and 9 months after pcp. forced vital capacity (fvc) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (fev1) were both reduced to a median of 61% of predicted at pcp d ... | 1995 | 8658069 |
| iron overload as a mechanism for the lowered survival in aids patients receiving dapsone-iron protoxalate for secondary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1996 | 8656006 | |
| genetic diversity at the internal transcribed spacer regions of the rrna operon among isolates of pneumocystis carinii from aids patients with recurrent pneumonia. | the opportunistic fungal pathogen pneumocystis carinii sp. f. hominis is a frequent cause of pneumonia in the immunocompromised host. analysis of genetic variation among isolates of p. carinii sp. f. hominis from 12 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected persons with single and multiple episodes of p. carinii pneumonia was undertaken at the internal transcribed spacer (its) regions of the nuclear rrna operon. in samples from 24 episodes of pneumonia, 10 different types of p. carinii sp. f. ... | 1996 | 8655984 |
| [differential radiologic diagnosis of hiv-associated lung diseases]. | in 1993 in germany an estimated number of 50,000-70,000 individuals were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), who estimations ranged up to 14 million hiv-positive individuals including 1 million children. aids-related diseases frequently occur in the lung. 65% of all aids-defining illnesses begin with life-threatening pulmonary infections. most frequently hiv-positive patients present with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, followed by atypical mycobacteriosis, bacterial infections ... | 1995 | 8653002 |
| [aids: infections of the retina and choroid]. | various viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal agents have been found to cause infections of retina and choroidea in hiv-infected patients. usually these infections are opportunistic infections caused by the profound immunodeficiency, which is a result of the decay of lymphocytes by hiv. before the hiv epidemic only rare cases of cytomegalovirus (cmv) retinitis were known in the literature. now cmv retinitis has become the most common infection of the eye in aids patients. ocular toxoplasmosis i ... | 1995 | 8653001 |
| aids defining conditions in africans resident in the united kingdom. | a retrospective study of 55 hiv-1 seropositive african patients living in the uk, seen between january 1986 and november 1993, showed a total of 26 (47%) patients with aids. thirty-one (56%) had symptomatic hiv disease at the time of presentation of whom 19 (34.5%) had an aids defining condition. tuberculosis was the most common aids defining illness, accounting for 27% of all initial aids diagnoses, followed by by pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and oesophageal candidiasis in 19% each and chroni ... | 1996 | 8652711 |
| [extra-pulmonary pneumocystosis in the course of aids. report of a case]. | we report a case of splenic pneumocystosis in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive individual treated prophylactically with aerosolized pentamidine. despite this infection with pneumocystis carinii, the bronchoalveolar lavage revealed no microorganisms. the use of aerosolized pentamidine as prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii is not protective against extrapulmonary pneumocystosis because of inadequate systemic distribution of the drug. | 1996 | 8652000 |
| [why are aids patients frequently visually impaired?]. | patients with hiv infection and, above all, patients with full-blown aids can get a variety of ocular diseases as well as some cerebral maladies which have an influence on ocular functions. first there are hematogenous opportunistic infections of the retina or the choroid. the cytomegalovirus [cmv] retinitis was found in nearly 20% of all aids patients. without treatment this disease destroys the retina completely, and the involved eye becomes blind. this can be prevented by modern therapeutic s ... | 1996 | 8650623 |
| fludarabine, mitoxantrone, and dexamethasone: an effective new regimen for indolent lymphoma. | although most patients with indolent lymphomas respond to initial therapy, virtually all experience relapse. secondary therapy is often beneficial, but responses are rarely, if ever, durable. we conducted this phase ii trail to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of fludarabine, mitoxantrone, and dexamethasone (fnd) in patients with relapsed indolent lymphoma. | 1996 | 8648382 |
| occurrence of pulmonary complications during methotrexate therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. | treatment with methotrexate (mtx) in rheumatoid arthritis (ra) can lead to severe side-effects, especially pulmonary and haematological complications. the aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate, during a 6 yr period, the prevalence and severity of bronchopulmonary side-effects in ra patients treated with mtx. a cohort of 130 ra in-patients (106 women, 24 men) treated with mtx was studied for the occurrence of respiratory adverse events. adverse bronchopulmonary side-effects were observe ... | 1996 | 8646434 |
| cholecystectomy in patients with aids: clinicopathologic correlations in 107 cases. | the etiologic and clinical features of cholecystisis in infection due to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) were studies retrospectively. the charts and histopathologic specimens of 136 hiv-infected patients who underwent cholecystectomy between february 1987 and may 1993 at a large tertiary care center were reviewed. opportunistic pathogens infecting the 107 patients with aids included microsporidia (eight cases-- enterocytozoon bieneusi in six and septata intestinalis in two); cytomegalovirus ... | 1995 | 8645829 |
| infections in patients with chronic adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma: case report and review. | adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma (atll) is caused by the human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i). atll is classified into the smoldering, chronic, lymphoma, and acute subtypes. we describe a north american woman with chronic atll who presented with pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii, cryptococcus neoformans, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and mycobacterium avium complex. although opportunistic infections have been documented in patients with atll, there are few case reports detailing infecti ... | 1995 | 8645790 |
| feasibility of an emergency department-based, risk-targeted voluntary hiv screening program. | to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of an emergency department-based, risk-targeted voluntary hiv screening program. | 1996 | 8644953 |
| [cytomegalovirus retinitis and pneumocystis carinii choroidopathy in a patient with aids]. | a case of pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii) choroidopathy is reported. the patient was a 17-year-old man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) who developed bilateral, multifocal, yellow-white, round, flat choroidal lesions ranging in size from 1/8 to 1/6 of the disc diameter while undergoing treatment for cytomegalovirus retinitis. he had had p. carinii pneumonia 43 months previously, and received inhaled pentamidine as suppressive therapy. over a 4-week period of observation, the chor ... | 1996 | 8644534 |
| [survival time after the diagnosis of aids in the county of funen]. | since the diagnosis of aids was first made, a lot of efforts have been made to improve survival. different studies have found varied results, both geographically as well as over periods of time. during the period 1.1.1985 to 31.12.1993 142 patients that were hiv-positive were seen in the geographically well defined area of funen. during the period 1.1.1985 to 31.12.1990 the median time elapsed between the patient being found to be hiv-positive and the patient presenting with an aids-defining dis ... | 1996 | 8644409 |
| [prognostic value of interleukin-8 in aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | we evaluated the significance of interleukin-8 (il-8) in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid and serum was prospectively collected in 76 consecutive hiv-infected patients with a primary episode of pcp, as well as in ten healthy control subjects. patients were found to have elevated levels of il-8 in bal fluid compared to control subjects (p < 0.01). nine patients died during the course of pcp. non-survivors had significantly higher il-8 levels in bal fluid th ... | 1996 | 8644397 |
| [pneumocystis carinii lung infections in aids patients: a study with high-resolution computed tomography (hrct)]. | in 1993, a hundred and fifty aids patients were submitted to high-resolution ct (hrct). in 102 patients, bronchoalveolar lavage and/or transbronchial biopsy findings suggested the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia--a pure pneumocystis carinii infection in 75 patients and associated with other pathogenic agents in 27. we report the most common hrct patterns, such as ground-glass opacities, cysts, interstitial changes and nodules. ground-glass opacities were demonstrated in 57.8% of case ... | 1996 | 8643846 |
| expression of variants of the major surface glycoprotein of pneumocystis carinii. | previously, we have shown that a multicopy family of related but unique genes encodes the major surface glycoprotein (msg) of pneumocystis carinii. to examine whether different members of this gene family are expressed by p. carinii, antisera were prepared against peptides whose sequences were determined from the deduced amino acid sequences of variants of rat-derived msg. immunohistochemical staining of serial sections of rat lungs of infected animals showed that at least three variants of msg ... | 1996 | 8642264 |
| [generalized molluscum contagiosum in an african child with aids]. | a 12-year-old girl from zaire with aids (cdc: p2 d1) presented with a generalized molluscum contagiosum infection. she had suffered from systemic cryptococcosis and from cryptosporidiosis several months before admission. while molluscum contagiousum infection is usually a self-limiting disease in immunocompetent persons, a fulminant appearance and persistence of giant mollusca occurs with advanced immunodeficiency. histological and immunohistological examinations showed a severe diminution of la ... | 1995 | 8641888 |
| signal transduction in pneumocystis carinii: characterization of the genes (pcg1) encoding the alpha subunit of the g protein (pcg1) of pneumocystis carinii carinii and pneumocystis carinii ratti. | pneumocystis carinii is a eukaryotic organism that causes pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. the cell biology and life cycle of the organism are poorly understood primarily because of the lack of a continuous in vitro cultivation system. these limitations have prevented investigation of the organism's infectious cycle and hindered the rational development of new antimicrobial therapies and implementation of measures to prevent exposure to the organism or transmission. the interaction of p. ca ... | 1996 | 8641768 |
| an arrayed bacteriophage p1 genomic library of pneumocystis carinii. | we have constructed an arrayed, large insert, multiple coverage genomic library of pneumocystis carinii dna using the bacteriophage p1 cloning system. the library consists of approximately 4800 independent clones with an average insert size of approximately 55 kbp individually arrayed in 50 microtiter plates, and is readily screened on ten or fewer microtiter plate-sized filters using a high density colony replicating device. screening of the library for unique p. carinii sequences detected an a ... | 1996 | 8640187 |
| composition of pneumocystis carinii neutral lipids and identification of coenzyme q10 as the major ubiquinone homolog. | the lipids of purified preparations of pneumocystis carinii carinii freshly isolated from infected rats were analyzed and compared with those of whole lungs from normal and methylprednisolone-immunosuppressed uninfected rats. in this study, the neutral lipid fraction was examined in detail; the relative concentrations of individual classes making up this fraction were quantified. of particular interest was the nature of the organism's ubiquinone (coenzyme q, coq) fraction because atovaquone, a h ... | 1996 | 8640186 |
| transfusion-acquired aids in taiwan. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) can be transmitted through blood transfusion. the first transfusion-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patient in taiwan was a 46-year-old woman who received two units of whole blood during a hysterectomy at a provincial hospital in 1985. in 1991, she experienced a herpes zoster infection. in march 1993, she had extensive herpetic gingivostomatitis and another herpes zoster attack, and was treated at the same hospital. two months later, she had ... | 1996 | 8640096 |
| a crystallographic and spectroscopic study of the complex between d(cgcgaattcgcg)2 and 2,5-bis(4-guanylphenyl)furan, an analogue of berenil. structural origins of enhanced dna-binding affinity. | 2,5-bis(4-guanylphenyl)furan ("furamidine") is a dicationic minor groove binding drug that has been shown to be more effective than pentamidine against the pneumocystis carinii pathogen in an immunosuppressed rat model. it has a close structural similarity to the antitrypanosomal drug berenil, differing only on the replacement of the central triazene unit with a furan moiety. we have determined the crystal structure of the complex between furamidine and the dna dodecamer d(cgcgaattcgcg)2 and com ... | 1996 | 8639524 |
| changing patterns of autopsy findings among persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in an inner-city population. a 12-year retrospective study. | to determine patterns of autopsy findings among persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) during a 12-year period. | 1996 | 8639049 |
| duration of the survival benefit of zidovudine therapy in hiv infection. | zidovudine therapy improves survival in advanced human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and delays progression from earlier stages to advanced stage of hiv disease. the duration of the benefit of zidovudine therapy, however, may be limited. | 1996 | 8638994 |
| macrophage activation syndrome in systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis successfully treated with cyclosporine. | a macrophage activation syndrome, possibly related to methotrexate toxicity, developed in a boy with systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. corticosteroid administration was ineffective, whereas a prompt response to cyclosporine was observed. two months later, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia developed. | 1996 | 8636829 |
| rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for atovaquone. | a rapid high-performance liquid chromatography assay has been developed for the drug atovaquone, which is currently being used to treat pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasma gondii encephalitis associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). protein is precipitated from plasma with acetonitrile-aqueous 1% acetic acid (85:15). the supernatant is assayed on a c6 column using methanol-10 mm triethylamine in aqueous 0.2% trifluoroacetic acid (76:24) with detection at 254 nm. t ... | 1996 | 8634763 |
| lipophilic antifolates as agents against opportunistic infections. 1. agents superior to trimetrexate and piritrexim against toxoplasma gondii and pneumocystis carinii in in vitro evaluations. | 2,4-diaminopteridines (21 compounds) and 2,4-diamino-5-methyl-5-deazapteridines (34 compounds) along with three 2,4-diamino-5-unsubstituted-5-deazapteridines and four 2,4-diaminoquinazolines, each with an aryl groups attached to the 6-position of the heterocyclic moiety through a two-atom bridge (either ch2nh, ch2n(ch3),ch2s, or ch2ch2), were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of the growth of toxoplasma gondii in culture and as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase enzymes from t. gondii, ... | 1996 | 8632434 |
| high-affinity inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase: antimicrobial and anticancer activities of 7,8-dialkyl-1,3-diaminopyrrolo[3,2-f]quinazolines with small molecular size. | a series of 7,8-dialkylpyrrolo[3,2-f]quinazolines were prepared as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr). on the basis of an apparent inverse relationship between compound size and antifungal activity, the compounds were designed to be relatively small and compact. inhibitor design was aided by grid analysis of the three-dimensional structure of candida albicans dhfr, which suggested that relatively small, branched alkyl groups at the 7- and 8-positions of the pyrroloquinazoline ring syst ... | 1996 | 8632413 |
| [hiv-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, primary pentamidine inhalation prophylaxis notwithstanding. are there differences with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia without prophylaxis?]. | to study the effect of pentamidine aerosol inhalation, known to be effective and well tolerated in the primary prevention of hiv-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), on the severity, on clinical and radiological findings and prognosis of break-through pcp. | 1996 | 8631243 |
| pneumocystis carinii thyroiditis diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology: a case report. | extrapulmonary infection or dissemination of pneumocystis carinii (pc) is rare, but under certain conditions the parasite can spread via the bloodstream or lymphatic vessels. systemic pneumocystosis most often involves the lymph nodes, stomach, spleen, liver, skin, pancreas, choroid and eye. isolated lesions containing pc have also been identified in the thyroid. | 1996 | 8629417 |
| relationship between cytomegalovirus cells and survival in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. | to determine whether cytopathic changes due to cytomegalovirus (cmv) in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients are prognostic. | 1996 | 8629399 |
| nonclassical 2,4-diamino-8-deazafolate analogues as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductases from rat liver, pneumocystis carinii, and toxoplasma gondii. | the synthesis and biological activity of 42 6-substituted-2,4-diaminopyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidines (2,4-diamino-8-deazafolate analogues) are reported. the compounds were synthesized in improved yields compared to previous classical analogues using modifications of procedures reported previously by us. specifically, the s-phenyl-; mono-, di-, and trimethoxyphenyl-; and mono-, di-, and trichlorophenyl-substituted analogues with h or ch3 at the n10 position and methyl and trifluoromethyl phenyl ketone a ... | 1996 | 8627607 |
| ultrastructural morphology of intermediate forms and forms suggestive of conjugation in the life cycle of pneumocystis carinii. | the intrapulmonary life cycle of pneumocystis carinii has been proposed to include asexual reproduction of haploid trophic forms and sexual reproduction to form cysts or ascospores containing 8 intracystic bodies or spores. this study presents the ultrastructural morphology of trophic forms and developing ascospores. nuclear-associated organelles (nao) were observed in these various forms and in a binucleated trophozoite. the unique configuration of the nuclei and nao in this binucleated trophic ... | 1996 | 8627488 |
| aerosolized pentamidine as alternative primary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in adult hepatic and renal transplant recipients. | to examine the safety and efficacy of aerosolized pentamidine (ap) as alternative primary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in adult liver and kidney transplant recipients. | 1996 | 8625676 |
| off-label drug use in human immunodeficiency virus disease. | we wished to determine the extent to which drugs used to treat hiv disease and its clinical manifestations are prescribed for conditions other than those listed on the u.s. food and drug administration's approved drug label, how such "off-label" use varies by patient characteristics and type of hiv-related medical condition, and the extent to which physicians alter the way they treat hiv-related conditions because of reimbursement problems associated with off-label drug use. we surveyed 1,530 pr ... | 1996 | 8624761 |
| patterns of opportunistic infections in patients with hiv infection. | the pattern of the development of opportunistic infections (ois) in hiv-infected patients was evaluated, based on a cohort of 1,530 patients enrolled in two aids clinical trials group anti-retroviral studies. we quantified the increase in risk of ois associated with the occurrence of a previous oi. this assessment was based on the observed event rates of the more common aids-defining ois: pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), mycobacterium avium complex (mac), cytomegalovirus (cmv), and a system ... | 1996 | 8624759 |
| correlation of pneumocystis carinii pcr with clinical diagnosis in immunocompromised patients. | 1996 | 8622484 | |
| aetiology and prognostic factors of patients with aids presenting life-threatening acute respiratory failure. | respiratory failure is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). we performed a study to investigate the aetiology, prognostic factors, and short- and long-term outcome of aids patients with life-threatening respiratory failure and pulmonary infiltrates. forty-two aids patients (29 of whom required mechanical ventilation), admitted to a respiratory intensive care unit (icu) from 1985 to 1992 because of severe respiratory ... | 1995 | 8620963 |
| the effect of prophylaxis on the outcome of hiv-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1996 | 8620753 | |
| antipneumocystis activity of 17c91, a prodrug of atovaquone. | the prophylactic efficacy of 17c91, a carbamate prodrug of atovaquone (atq), was investigated in a severe combined immunodeficient mouse model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). at an oral dosage equivalent to 100 mg of atq per kg of body weight per day, 17c91 protected 9 of 10 mice from pcp and had a prophylactic efficacy comparable to that of co-trimoxazole (at 250 mg of sulfamethoxazole plus 50 mg of trimethoprim per kg per day orally). the intensity of p. carinii infection (infection s ... | 1995 | 8619570 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with an atypical granulomatous response. | pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii may present atypical radiographic and pathologic findings. we report the case of a 32-year-old man with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) whose chest roentgenogram showed a bilateral diffuse nodular pattern suggestive of miliary tuberculosis. diagnosis ultimately required open lung biopsy, which showed evidence of an atypical granulomatous reaction with pneumocystis carinii in the absence of other organisms. p carinii pneumonia must be considered in ... | 1996 | 8614882 |