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[resistance of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) to preharvest sprouting: an association analysis].a statistical analysis of the data about 1422 bread wheat accessions with estimated preharvest sprouting was carried out. close associations of preharvest sprouting resistance with the grain color and with resistance to fusarium head blight were revealed, as well as weak, but statistically significant, associations with the type of development, awnedness, and reduced height genes rht-b1 and rht-d1 (insensitive to gibberellin ga3). the pedigree analysis showed that the cluster structures of the g ...201223270262
qtl for yield and associated traits in the seri/babax population grown across several environments in mexico, in the west asia, north africa, and south asia regions.heat and drought adaptive quantitative trait loci (qtl) in a spring bread wheat population resulting from the seri/babax cross designed to minimize confounding agronomic traits have been identified previously in trials conducted in mexico. the same population was grown across a wide range of environments where heat and drought stress are naturally experienced including environments in mexico, west asia, north africa (wana), and south asia regions. a molecular genetic linkage map including 475 ma ...201323269228
in planta stage-specific fungal gene profiling elucidates the molecular strategies of fusarium graminearum growing inside wheat coleoptiles.the ascomycete fusarium graminearum is a destructive fungal pathogen of wheat (triticum aestivum). to better understand how this pathogen proliferates within the host plant, we tracked pathogen growth inside wheat coleoptiles and then examined pathogen gene expression inside wheat coleoptiles at 16, 40, and 64 h after inoculation (hai) using laser capture microdissection and microarray analysis. we identified 344 genes that were preferentially expressed during invasive growth in planta. gene exp ...201223266949
molecular characterization of two y-type high molecular weight glutenin subunit alleles 1ay12 and 1ay8 from cultivated einkorn wheat (triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum).two y-type high molecular weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gss) 1ay12 and 1ay8 from the two accessions pi560720 and pi345186 of cultivated einkorn wheat (triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum, aa, 2n=2x=14), were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). the mobility of 1ay12 and 1ay8 was similar to that of 1dy12 and 1by8 from common wheat chinese spring, respectively. their orfs respectively consisted of 1812bp and 1935bp, encoding 602 and 643 amino acid res ...201323266635
multi-environment analysis and improved mapping of a yield-related qtl on chromosome 3b of wheat.improved mapping, multi-environment quantitative trait loci (qtl) analysis and dissection of allelic effects were used to define a qtl associated with grain yield, thousand grain weight and early vigour on chromosome 3bl of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) under abiotic stresses. the qtl had pleiotropic effects and showed qtl x environment interactions across 21 diverse environments in australia and mexico. the occurrence and the severity of water deficit combined with high temperatures during ...201323262551
[analysis of codon use features of cbf gene in camellia sinensis].cbf (c-repeat-binding factor) transcription factor exists widely in all kinds of plants. it is an important regulative factor in the process of plant resistance adversity. in this paper, camellia sinensis cbf1 gene sequence was analyzed by codon w, chips, and cusp programs online, and then compared with c. sinensis genes, genomes in other species, and cbf genes from 39 plant species. it is important to identify the codon usage of cscbf1 gene and select appropriate expression systems. the results ...201223262110
univariate and multivariate molecular spectral analyses of lipid related molecular structural components in relation to nutrient profile in feed and food mixtures.the objectives of this study were (i) to determine lipid related molecular structures components (functional groups) in feed combination of cereal grain (barley, hordeum vulgare) and wheat (triticum aestivum) based dried distillers grain solubles (wheat ddgss) from bioethanol processing at five different combination ratios using univariate and multivariate molecular spectral analyses with infrared fourier transform molecular spectroscopy, and (ii) to correlate lipid-related molecular-functional ...201323261514
silver nanoparticles disrupt wheat (triticum aestivum l.) growth in a sand matrix.hydroponic plant growth studies indicate that silver nanoparticles (ag nps) are phytotoxic. in this work, the phytotoxicity of commercial ag nps (10 nm) was evaluated in a sand growth matrix. both nps and soluble ag were recovered from water extracts of the sand after growth of plants challenged with the commercial product; the surface charge of the ag nps in this extract was slightly reduced compared to the stock nps. the ag nps reduced the length of shoots and roots of wheat in a dose-dependen ...201323259709
composition and functional analysis of low-molecular-weight glutenin alleles with aroona near-isogenic lines of bread wheat.low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (lmw-gs) strongly influence the bread-making quality of bread wheat. these proteins are encoded by a multi-gene family located at the glu-a3, glu-b3 and glu-d3 loci on the short arms of homoeologous group 1 chromosomes, and show high allelic variation. to characterize the genetic and protein compositions of lmw-gs alleles, we investigated 16 aroona near-isogenic lines (nils) using sds-page, 2d-page and the lmw-gs gene marker system. moreover, the compositio ...201223259617
the protective effect of hulls on the occurrence of alternaria mycotoxins in spelt wheat.since there is an increasing demand on the world market for alternative crops suitable for organic production, spelt wheat (triticum aestivum spp. spelta l.) is a highly attractive farming option. alternaria species are widespread and infect a great variety of economically important crops. certain species are known producers of mycotoxins. the aim of this study was to assess the protective effect of hulls covering the spelt kernels on alternaria toxins.201323255302
wheat centromeric retrotransposons: the new ones take a major role in centromeric structure.the physical map of the hexaploid wheat chromosome 3b was screened using centromeric dna probes. a 1.1-mb region showing the highest number of positive bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) clones was fully sequenced and annotated, revealing that 96% of the dna consisted of transposable elements, mainly long terminal repeat (ltr) retrotransposons (88%). estimation of the insertion time of the transposable elements revealed that crw (also called cereba) and quinta are the youngest elements at the ...201323253213
uptake of perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) by wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plant.perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) is a highly persistent organic pollutant which has raised many concerns in recent years. research focusing on plant uptake of pfos is very necessary when considering its risk of transfer from soil into food chain. in this work, the uptake of pfos by wheat (triticum aestivum l.) which is the most main food crop in northern china, was studied. to predict the kinetic uptake limit, the partition-dominated equilibrium sorption of pfos by roots of wheat was determined. ...201323245763
water stress amelioration and plant growth promotion in wheat plants by osmotic stress tolerant bacteria.soil microorganisms with potential for alleviation of abiotic stresses in combination with plant growth promotion would be extremely useful tools in sustainable agriculture. to this end, the present study was initiated where forty-five salt tolerant bacterial isolates with ability to grow in high salt medium were obtained from the rhizosphere of triticum aestivum and imperata cylindrica. these bacteria were tested for plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria traits in vitro such as phosphate solubil ...201323239372
a cysteine in the repetitive domain of a high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit interferes with the mixing properties of wheat dough.the quality of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) for making bread is largely due to the strength and extensibility of wheat dough, which in turn is due to the properties of polymeric glutenin. polymeric glutenin consists of high- and low-molecular-weight glutenin protein subunits linked by disulphide bonds between cysteine residues. glutenin subunits differ in their effects on dough mixing properties. the research presented here investigated the effect of a specific, recently discovered, glutenin sub ...201323232769
alkali pretreatment of wheat straw (triticum aestivum) at boiling temperature for producing a bioethanol precursor.we evaluated the effect of dilute sodium hydroxide (naoh) on wheat straw at boiling temperature for removing lignin and increasing the yield of reducing sugar. various concentrations of naoh (0.5% to 2%) were used for pretreating wheat straw at 105 °c for 10 min. scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies revealed that the 2% naoh-pretreated sample exposed more cellulose fiber. the maximum respective removal of lignin and hemicellul ...201223221693
developmental and growth controls of tillering and water-soluble carbohydrate accumulation in contrasting wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes: can we dissect them?in wheat, tillering and water-soluble carbohydrates (wscs) in the stem are potential traits for adaptation to different environments and are of interest as targets for selective breeding. this study investigated the observation that a high stem wsc concentration (wscc) is often related to low tillering. the proposition tested was that stem wsc accumulation is plant density dependent and could be an emergent property of tillering, whether driven by genotype or by environment. a small subset of re ...201323213136
use of genotype x environment interactions to understand rooting depth and the ability of wheat to penetrate hard soils.root systems are well-recognized as complex and a variety of traits have been identified as contributing to plant adaptation to the environment. a significant proportion of soil in south-western australia is prone to the formation of hardpans of compacted soil that limit root exploration and thus access to nutrients and water for plant growth. genotypic variation has been reported for root-penetration ability of wheat in controlled conditions, which has been related to field performance in these ...201323204508
transposon-mediated alteration of tamate1b expression in wheat confers constitutive citrate efflux from root apices.the tamate1b gene (for multidrug and toxic compound extrusion) from wheat (triticum aestivum) was isolated and shown to encode a citrate transporter that is located on the plasma membrane. tamate1b expression in roots was induced by iron deficiency but not by phosphorus deficiency or aluminum treatment. the coding region of tamate1b was identical in a genotype showing citrate efflux from root apices (cv carazinho) to one that lacked citrate efflux (cv egret). however, sequence upstream of the co ...201323204428
selenium (se) seed priming induced growth and biochemical changes in wheat under water deficit conditions.insufficient stand establishment at early growth stages in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) due to drought stress is a major problem that limits overall efficiency and yield of crop. priming of seed is an effective method for raising seed performance and improving tolerance of crops to abiotic stresses especially drought. the seeds of two local wheat cultivars (kohistan-97 and pasban-90) were soaked in distilled water or sodium selenate solutions of 25, 50, 75, and 100 μm for 1/2 or 1 h at 25 °c and ...201323197374
developmental gradients in wheat leaves - response of leaf segments in different genotypes cultured in vitro.leaves of 21 different wheat genotypes (triticum aestivum l. cultivars and triticum species) were tested for response in tissue culture. cultures could be established from all genotypes in the presence of 2,4-d in the nutrient medium, but only from immature basal leaf regions. corresponding to the basipetal developmental gradient characteristic of the leaves, there appeared to be a gradient in sensitivity towards 2,4-d. the most basal, highly meristematic regions were comparatively sensitive. ca ...198423196086
abscisic acid metabolism in intact wheat seedlings under normal and stress conditions.metabolism of abscisic acid (aba) was studied in intact seedlings of triticum aestivum during 14 days. (2-(14)c)-aba solution (2.5 × 10(-4) m) was applied to the roots of plants for 24 h; after that plants were further grown in nutrient solution. distribution of radioactivity between aba and its metabolites was investigated in shoots, roots, and remaining seed parts. in whole seedling as well as in different plant parts the level of free aba is decreased rapidly during 3 days after application, ...198423195714
the influence of (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammoniumchloride (ccc) on growth and photosynthetic metabolism of young wheat plants (triticum aestivum l.).the influence of (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammoniumchloride on growth and cell metabolism of triticum aestivum var. kolibri was investigated. ccc was added to the nutrient solution on the 11th day of development with a final concentration of 10(-2) mol·1(-1). it immediately stopped root growth and showed a strong inhibitory influence on the growth of the leaves. smaller and fewer cells accounted for the reduction in final leaf size of about 40 %. the content of soluble proteins and soluble reducin ...198423195384
influence of water stress upon photosynthetic carbon metabolism in wheat.two kinds of effects of water stress on flag leaves of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. kolibri) were recognized: the direct effect, when drought affected the expanded blade of the flag leaf and the indirect one, when drought pretreatment affected the leaf blade during tissue differentiation. as a direct effect of water stress on the leaf, a decreased amount of (14)c incorporated into all analyzed photosynthates was observed. differences in (14)c distribution among the studied photosynthat ...198423195050
effect of previous nitrate deprivation on (15)n-nitrate absorption and assimilation by wheat seedlings.nitrate uptake and assimilation were examined in intact 18 days old wheat (triticum aestivum, cv capitole) seedlings either permanently grown on nitrate (high-n seedlings) or n-stressed by transfer to an 0 n-solution for the final 7 days (low-n seedlings). the n-stressed seedlings were characterized by a lower organic n content (2.5 mg instead of 4.9 mg per seedling) and an increased root dry weight. the seedlings received (15)no(3)k for 7 h in the light. nitrate uptake was 2.8 times higher in l ...198423195046
a comparison of different vernalization techniques in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).to measure the effect of vernalization on time to ear emergence allowance must be made for the growth which occurs during the vernalization treatment. in an experiment with eight contrasting wheat varieties it was shown that it is possible to express growth during vernalization in terms of days of growth at non-vernalizing temperatures, using linear regression of number of primordia on time after sowing. the use of linear regression of seedling height on time after sowing proved to be less accur ...198423194873
respiration and energy turnover during the seedling development of triticum aestivum l., zea mays l., helianthus annuus l., and phaseolus vulgaris l.seedling length, co(2) output, dry weight and energy content of the seeds and seedling organs of triticum, zea, helianthus and phaseolus were determined in order to study the efficiency of storage substance utilization and energy turnover during seedling development up to 108 h. the respiration rate is lower in the large seeds of zea and phaseolus (2.2 and 2.0 mgco(2)·gdw(-1)·h(-1)) than in the small seeds of triticum and helianthus (3.1 and 4.2 mgco(2)·gdw(-1)·h(-1)). co(2) output during the sy ...198423194792
genomic regions associated with the nitrogen limitation response revealed in a global wheat core collection.modern wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties in western europe have mainly been bred, and selected in conditions where high levels of nitrogen-rich fertilizer are applied. however, high input crop management has greatly increased the risk of nitrates leaching into groundwater with negative impacts on the environment. to investigate wheat nitrogen tolerance characteristics that could be adapted to low input crop management, we supplied 196 accessions of a wheat core collection of old and modern ...201323192671
evaluation of synthetic hexaploid wheats (derivative of durum wheats and aegilops tauschii accessions) for studying genetic diversity using randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers.synthetic hexaploid (sh) wheat derived from crossing tetraploid durum wheat and diploid aegilops tauschii provide germplasm for wheat improvement as the conventional wheat varieties possess very low genetic diversity. this study aims to identify diverse sh lines which can be used in breeding programs for transferring the desired traits into bread wheat. the study was conducted on 24 sh lines using 10 pairs of randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers. application of rapds showed the pres ...201323192610
identification of a novel homolog for a calmodulin-binding protein that is upregulated in alloplasmic wheat showing pistillody.intracellular signaling pathways between the mitochondria and the nucleus are important in both normal and abnormal development in plants. the homeotic transformation of stamens into pistil-like structures (a phenomenon termed pistillody) in cytoplasmic substitution (alloplasmic) lines of bread wheat (triticum aestivum) has been suggested to be induced by mitochondrial retrograde signaling, one of the forms of intracellular communication. we showed previously that the mitochondrial gene orf260 c ...201323192388
analysis of the bread wheat genome using whole-genome shotgun sequencing.bread wheat (triticum aestivum) is a globally important crop, accounting for 20 per cent of the calories consumed by humans. major efforts are underway worldwide to increase wheat production by extending genetic diversity and analysing key traits, and genomic resources can accelerate progress. but so far the very large size and polyploid complexity of the bread wheat genome have been substantial barriers to genome analysis. here we report the sequencing of its large, 17-gigabase-pair, hexaploid ...201223192148
alginate oligosaccharides enhanced triticum aestivum l. tolerance to drought stress.alginate oligosaccharides (aos) prepared from degradation of alginate is a potent plant elicitor. hydroponic experiments were carried out to investigate the mechanism of aos on improving triticum aestivum l. resistant ability to drought stress. drought model was simulated by exposing the roots of wheat to polyethylene glycol-6000 (peg-6000) solution (150 g l(-1)) for 4 days and the growth of wheat treated with peg was significantly decreased. however, after aos application, seedling and root len ...201323178482
[dynamic changes of photosynthetic characteristics in big-spike wheat yield formation].a field experiment was conducted to investigate the yield traits, leaf photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, chlorophyll content (chl), and leaf area index (lai) of eight new big-spike wheat lines, with multiple-spike cultivar xinong 979 (triticum aestivum cv. xinong 979) as the control. the eight new lines had significantly higher kernel numbers per spike, kernel qualities, and 1000-grain mass but lower spike numbers per unit area, and the lines 2036, 2037, 2038, and 2040 ha ...201223173458
molecular characterization of lmw-gs genes in brachypodium distachyon l. reveals highly conserved glu-3 loci in triticum and related species.brachypodium distachyon l. is a newly emerging model plant system for temperate cereal crop species. however, its grain protein compositions are still not clear. in the current study, we carried out a detailed proteomics and molecular genetics study on grain glutenin proteins in b. distachyon.201223171363
integrating cereal genomics to support innovation in the triticeae.the genomic resources of small grain cereals that include some of the most important crop species such as wheat, barley, and rye are attaining a level of completion that now is contributing to new structural and functional studies as well as refining molecular marker development and mapping strategies for increasing the efficiency of breeding processes. the integration of new efforts to obtain reference sequences in bread wheat and barley, in particular, is accelerating the acquisition and inter ...023161406
genetic characterization of north american populations of the wheat curl mite and dry bulb mite.the wheat curl mite, aceria tosichella keifer, transmits at least three harmful viruses, wheat streak mosaic virus (wsmv), high plains virus (hpv), and triticum mosaic virus (trimv) to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) throughout the great plains. this virus complex is considered to be the most serious disease of winter wheat in the western great plains. one component of managing this disease has been developing mite resistance in wheat; however, identification of mite biotypes has complicated deploy ...201223156180
efficacy and value of prophylactic vs. integrated pest management approaches for management of cereal leaf beetle (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) in wheat and ramifications for adoption by growers.cereal leaf beetle, oulema melanopus l., can be effectively managed in southeastern u.s. wheat, triticum aestivum l., with scouting and a single insecticide treatment, applied at the recommended economic threshold. however, many growers eschew this approach for a prophylactic treatment, often tank mixed with a nitrogen application before wheat growth stage 30. the efficacy of a prophylactic and an integrated pest management (ipm) approach was compared for 2 yr using small plot studies in north c ...201223156157
an endogenous reference gene of common and durum wheat for detection of genetically modified wheat.to develop a method for detecting gm wheat that may be marketed in the near future, we evaluated the proline-rich protein (prp) gene as an endogenous reference gene of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and durum wheat (triticum durum l.). real-time pcr analysis showed that only dna of wheat was amplified and no amplification product was observed for phylogenetically related cereals, indicating that the prp detection system is specific to wheat. the intensities of the amplification products and ...023154759
development of methods to distinguish between durum/common wheat and common wheat in blended flour using pcr.a pcr-based method was developed to distinguish between durum/common wheat and common wheat by leveraging slight differences of dna sequence in starch synthase ii (ss ii) coded on wheat a, b and d genomes. a primer pair, ss ii ex7-u/l, was designed to hybridize with a conserved dna sequence region found in ss ii-a, b and d genes. another primer pair, ss ii-d 1769u/1889l, was constructed to recognize a unique sequence in the ss ii-d gene. the target region of ss ii ex7-u/l with the size of 114 bp ...023154758
shifts of functional gene representation in wheat rhizosphere microbial communities under elevated ozone.although the influence of ozone (o(3)) on plants has been well studied in agroecosystems, little is known about the effect of elevated o(3) (eo(3)) on soil microbial functional communities. here, we used a comprehensive functional gene array (geochip 3.0) to investigate the functional composition, and structure of rhizosphere microbial communities of yannong 19 (o(3)-sensitive) and yangmai 16 (o(3)-relatively sensitive) wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars under eo(3). compared with ambient o( ...201323151639
a microscale model for combined co(2) diffusion and photosynthesis in leaves.transport of co(2) in leaves was investigated by combining a 2-d, microscale co(2) transport model with photosynthesis kinetics in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves. the biophysical microscale model for gas exchange featured an accurate geometric representation of the actual 2-d leaf tissue microstructure and accounted for diffusive mass exchange of co(2.) the resulting gas transport equations were coupled to the biochemical farquhar-von caemmerer-berry model for photosynthesis. the combined m ...201223144870
qtl for spot blotch resistance in bread wheat line saar co-locate to the biotrophic disease resistance loci lr34 and lr46.spot blotch caused by bipolaris sorokiniana is a major disease of wheat in warm and humid wheat growing regions of the world including south asian countries such as india, nepal and bangladesh. the cimmyt bread wheat line saar which carries the leaf tip necrosis (ltn)-associated rust resistance genes lr34 and lr46 has exhibited a low level of spot blotch disease in field trials conducted in asia and south america. one hundred and fourteen recombinant inbred lines (rils) of avocet (susceptible) × ...201323139144
identification of osmotic stress-responsive genes from leymus mollis, a wild relative of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).the tolerance of the dune grass leymus mollis (triticeae; poaceae) to various biotic and abiotic stresses makes it a very useful genetic resource for wheat breeding. wide hybridization between l. mollis and wheat allows the introduction of leymus chromosomes into the wheat genetic background and facilitates the integration of useful traits into wheat. however, the genetic basis controlling the physiological tolerance of l. mollis to multiple environmental stresses remains largely unexplored. usi ...201223136517
development of diversity array technology (dart) markers for assessment of population structure and diversity in aegilops tauschii.aegilops tauschii coss. is the d-genome donor to hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum) and is the most promising wild species as a genetic resource for wheat breeding. to study the population structure and diversity of 81 ae. tauschii accessions collected from various regions of its geographical distribution, the genomic representation of these lines were used to develop a diversity array technology (dart) marker array. this ae. tauschii array and a previously developed dart wheat array were ...201223136512
evaluation of the effects of five qtl regions on fusarium head blight resistance and agronomic traits in spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.).fusarium head blight (fhb) is an important disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the aim of this study was to determine the effects of quantitative trait locus (qtl) regions for resistance to fhb and estimate their effects on reducing fhb damage to wheat in hokkaido, northern japan. we examined 233 f(1)-derived doubled-haploid (dh) lines from a cross between 'kukeiharu 14' and 'sumai 3' to determine their reaction to fhb during two seasons under field conditions. the dh lines were genotyped a ...201223136509
applicability of aegilops tauschii drought tolerance traits to breeding of hexaploid wheat.few genes are available to develop drought-tolerant bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars. one way to enhance bread wheat's genetic diversity would be to take advantage of the diversity of wild species by creating synthetic hexaploid wheat (sw) with the genomic constitution of bread wheat. in this study, we compared the expression of traits encoded at different ploidy levels and evaluated the applicability of aegilops tauschii drought-related traits using 33 ae. tauschii accessions along ...201123136471
immunogenicity of monococcum wheat in celiac patients.research is intense to find wheat of low or null toxicity for patients with celiac disease (cd). among candidates, there are diploid wheat species.201223134879
tamir159 directed wheat tagamyb cleavage and its involvement in anther development and heat response.in arabidopsis and rice, mir159-regulated gamyb-like family transcription factors function in flower development and gibberellin (ga) signaling in cereal aleurone cells. in this study, the involvement of mir159 in the regulation of its putative target tagamyb and its relationship to wheat development were investigated. first, we demonstrated that cleavage of tagamyb1 and tagamyb2 was directed by mir159 using 5'-race and a transient expression system. second, we overexpressed tamir159, tagamyb1 a ...201223133634
discovery of high-confidence single nucleotide polymorphisms from large-scale de novo analysis of leaf transcripts of aegilops tauschii, a wild wheat progenitor.construction of high-resolution genetic maps is important for genetic and genomic research, as well as for molecular breeding. single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) are the predominant class of genetic variation and can be used as molecular markers. aegilops tauschii, the d-genome donor of common wheat, is considered a valuable genetic resource for wheat improvement. our previous study implied that ae. tauschii accessions can be genealogically divided into two major lineages. in this study, the ...201223125207
comparative analysis of syntenic genes in grass genomes reveals accelerated rates of gene structure and coding sequence evolution in polyploid wheat.cycles of whole-genome duplication (wgd) and diploidization are hallmarks of eukaryotic genome evolution and speciation. polyploid wheat (triticum aestivum) has had a massive increase in genome size largely due to recent wgds. how these processes may impact the dynamics of gene evolution was studied by comparing the patterns of gene structure changes, alternative splicing (as), and codon substitution rates among wheat and model grass genomes. in orthologous gene sets, significantly more acquired ...201323124323
phytosiderophore release by wheat genotypes differing in zinc deficiency tolerance grown with zn-free nutrient solution as affected by salinity.there is limited information concerning the effect of salinity on phytosiderophores exudation from wheat roots. the aim of this hydroponic experiment was to investigate the effect of salinity on phytosiderophore release by roots of three bread wheat genotypes differing in zn efficiency (triticum aestivum l. cvs. rushan, kavir, and cross) under zn deficiency conditions. wheat seedlings were transferred to zn-free nutrient solutions and exposed to three salinity levels (0, 60, and 120 mm nacl). th ...201323122914
use of self-organizing map to analyze images of fungi colonies grown from triticum aestivum seeds disinfected by ozone treatment.we submitted to ozone treatment triticum aestivum (common wheat) seeds severely contaminated by fungi. fungi colonies developed when seeds were placed over malt agar medium in petri dishes; fusarium sp. and alternaria sp. were identified. however, conventional colonies counting did not allow a clear assessment of the effect of ozone disinfection. we thus used self-organizing maps (soms) to perform an image analysis of colonies surface area that clearly showed a significant disinfection effect on ...201223118753
jacalin domain in wheat jasmonate-regulated protein ta-ja1 confers agglutinating activity and pathogen resistance.ta-ja1 is a jacalin-like lectin from wheat (triticum aestivum) plants. to date, its homologs are only observed in the gramineae family. our previous experiments have demonstrated that ta-ja1 contains a modular structure consisting of an n-terminal dirigent domain and a c-terminal jacalin-related lectin domain (jrl) and this protein exhibits a mannose-specific lectin activity. the over-expression of ta-ja1 gene provides transgenic plants a broad-spectrum resistance to diseases. here, we report th ...201323116711
fine mapping of leaf rust resistance gene lrzh84 using expressed sequence tag and sequence-tagged site markers, and allelism with other genes on wheat chromosome 1b.zhou 8425b, possessing the leaf rust resistance gene lrzh84, is an elite wheat (triticum aestivum) parental line in the yellow-huai valley region of china. in the present study, 2,086 f(2) plants derived from zhou 8425b/chinese spring were used for fine mapping of lrzh84 with expressed sequence tag (est) and sequence-tagged site (sts) markers. seventy inter-simple sequence repeat est and sts markers on 1bl were used to screen the two parents and resistant and susceptible bulks; those polymorphic ...201323113548
[the impact of ty3-gypsy group retrotransposon lila on d-genome specificity of wheat triticum aestivum l].an analysis of the primary structure of bac clone 112d20 t. aestivum, that contains d-genome specific ty3-gypsy-retrotransposon lila is presented. pcr analysis of nulli-tetrasomic and deletion lines of t. aestivum allowed to localize this bac clone in the distal region of the long arm of chromosome 5d. characteristic feature of bac clone 112d20 is a high concentration of ty3-gypsy-retrotransposons (61.7%), and low content of the genes (1.2%). only a single open reading frame was revealed homolog ...201223113346
the defense response in arabidopsis thaliana against fusarium sporotrichioides. 201223110430
how important are conidial appendages?the genus the genus dinemasporium is used as a case study to evaluate the importance of conidial appendages for generic level classification of coelomycetous fungi. based on morphology and sequence data of the large subunit nuclear ribosomal rna gene (lsu, 28s) and the internal transcribed spacers and 5.8s rrna gene of the nrdna operon, the genus dinemasporium is circumscribed, and an epitype designated for d. strigosum, the type of the genus. a further five species are introduced in dinemaspori ...201223105158
dominance of a 675 nm chlorophyll(ide) form upon selective 632.8 or 654 nm laser illumination after partial protochlorophyllide phototransformation.the phototransformation pathways of protochlorophyllide forms were studied in 8-14-day-old leaves of dark-germinated wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using white, 632.8 nm he-ne laser and 654 nm laser diode light. the photon flux density (pfd) values (0.75-360 μmol photons m(-2) s(-1)), the illumination periods (20 ms-10 s) and the temperature of the leaves (between -60 °c and room temperature) were varied. the 77 k fluorescence spectra of partially phototransformed leaves showed gradual accumulatio ...201223104011
[induction of heat resistance in wheat coleoptiles by salicylic and succinic acids: connection of the effect with the generation and neutralization of active oxygen forms].the influence of salicylic (saa) and succinic (sua) acids on the generation of active oxygen forms (aofs) and the heat resistance of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) coleoptiles has been studied. the treatment of coleoptiles with 10 microm saa or sua results in the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and enhanced formation of a superoxide anion radical. this effect is partially suppressed by both alpha-naphthol (the nadph oxidase inhibitor) and salicylhydroxamic acid (peroxidase inhibitor). saa and su ...201723101394
biodegradation of green he4b: co-substrate effect, biotransformation enzymes and metabolite toxicity analysis.a high exhaust reactive dye, green he4b (ghe4b) was 98% degraded in nutrient medium by pseudomonas desmolyticum ncim 2112 (pd2112) within 72 h at static condition. decolorization time in synthetic 10 g/l molasses. addition of 5 g/l peptone to nacl medium had reduced decolorization time from 108 to 72 h. beef extract do not contribute more to the inducing effect of peptone, however it is a good co-substrate in sucrose or urea containing nacl medium. intracellular lignin peroxidase (lip), laccase ...201023100822
effects of a novel poly (aa-co-aam)/alznfe₂o₄/potassium humate superabsorbent hydrogel nanocomposite on water retention of sandy loam soil and wheat seedling growth.a novel poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)alznfe₂o₄/potassium humate( )superabsorbent hydrogel nanocomposite (phnc) was synthesized and its physical properties characterized using sem, energy dispersive x-ray (edx) and ftir spectroscopic techniques. air dried sandy loam soil was amended with 0.1 to 0.4 w/w% of phnc to evaluate its soil moisture retention attributes. effect of phnc amendment on ph, electrical conductivity (ec), porosity, bulk density and hydraulic conductivity of sandy loam soil wa ...201223099615
how early can the seeding dates of spring wheat be under current and future climate in saskatchewan, canada?shorter growing season and water stress near wheat maturity are the main factors that presumably limit the yield potential of spring wheat due to late seeding in saskatchewan, canada. advancing seeding dates can be a strategy to help producers mitigate the impact of climate change on spring wheat. it is unknown, however, how early farmers can seed while minimizing the risk of spring frost damage and the soil and machinery constraints.201223094015
effects of magnetic field on cell dedifferentiation and callus induction derived from embryo culture in bread wheat (triticum aestivum. l) genotypes.current study was conducted to investigation of effect of magnetic field on cell dedifferentiation and follow it callus induction derived from mature embryo culture in bread wheat genotypes. for this purpose, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was carried out with two wheat genotypes and three level of magnetic field strength (0.0, 8.8 and 17.6 tesla) in three replications. callus growth rate (cgr), relative growth rate (rgr), callus relative growth rate (crgr), percent ...201323090480
molecular mapping of yr53, a new gene for stripe rust resistance in durum wheat accession pi 480148 and its transfer to common wheat.stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst), is one of the most damaging diseases of wheat worldwide. it is essential to identify new genes for effective resistance against the disease. durum wheat pi 480148, originally from ethiopia, was resistant in all seedling tests with several predominant pst races in the us under controlled greenhouse conditions and at multiple locations subject to natural infection for several years. to map the resistance gene(s) and to transfer it t ...201323090143
influence of nine antibiotics on key secondary metabolites and physiological characteristics in triticum aestivum: leaf volatiles as a promising new tool to assess toxicity.extensive worldwide use of antibiotics has resulted in significant diffuse pollution of antibiotics in environment, but understanding the effects of many important antibiotics on plant physiological activity is still limited, especially at realistic environmental concentrations of antibiotics. to gain insight into influences of different antibiotics on plant performance and identify the most promising traits for fast assessment of toxicity, we studied impacts of nine antibiotics (amoxicillin, am ...201323084040
potential of antioxidant enzymes in depicting drought tolerance of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).in an effort to determine the biochemical markers for identifying genotypes before sowing for drought tolerance, changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes were determined in the seedlings of five drought-tolerant and five drought-sensitive wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes, each with different genetic background growing under normal and water deficit conditions induced by 6% mannitol. in comparison with non-stressed seedlings, the catalase (cat) activity was upregulated by more than 50% ...201223077787
[phenotypic effects of puroindoline gene alleles of bread wheat].85 winter bread wheat varieties and lines that have been developed mostly in ukraine were analyzed with nir for parameters of hardness and protein content. the hardness data were compared with the data of puroindoline gene alleles analysis done earlier and the published data. significant variation of parameters of hardness was revealed when there was low polymorphism of puroindoline genes indicating the presence of additional genes that influence the hardness parameters.201223074957
differential growth and yield by canola (brassica napus l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) arising from alterations in chemical properties of sandy soils due to additions of fly ash.there is a need for field trials on testing agronomic potential of coal fly ash to engender routine use of this technology. two field trials were undertaken with alkaline and acidic fly ashes supplied at between 3 and 6 mg ha⁻¹ to acidic soils and sown to wheat and canola at richmond (eastern australia) and to wheat only at merredin (western australia).201323070937
zinc induced phytotoxicity mechanism involved in root growth of triticum aestivum l.this study investigated the inhibition mechanism of root growth in wheat seedlings when exposed to different zinc (zn) concentrations. all applied zn concentration did not affect seed germination, but reduced root length; in contrast, only zn at 3mm inhibited significantly the growth of shoot. the loss of cell viability and the significant increases of lignification as well as the increases of hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)), superoxide radical (o(2)(-)) and malondialdehyde levels were observed in ...201223067545
skp1-like-related genes interact with various f-box proteins and may form scf complexes with cullin-f-box proteins in wheat.s-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (skp1), a core component of the skp1-cullin-f-box (scf) e3 ubiquitin ligase complex, functions as an adaptor protein, connecting cullin and f-box proteins. skp1 plays crucial roles in cell-cycle progression, transcriptional regulation, flower formation, signal transduction, and many other cellular processes. skp1-like genes have been largely unstudied in wheat. here, we isolated six wheat skp1-like (taskp) genes from common wheat (triticum aestivum) and analyz ...201323065282
a study of the role of gene tamyb2 and an associated snp in dehydration tolerance in common wheat.the myeloblastosis oncogenes (myb) are one of the important transcription factors that facilitate induction of various developmental and stress responsive genes. they are hence, emerging as key players in improving stress tolerance of plants in response to several abiotic stresses. therefore, isolation and characterization of these genes, development of transgenics and functional molecular markers for useful alleles is central to various crop improvement programs. in this manuscript, we for the ...201223065204
comparative analysis of genome composition in triticeae reveals strong variation in transposable element dynamics and nucleotide diversity.a 454 sequencing snapshot was utilised to investigate the genome composition and nucleotide diversity of transposable elements (tes) for several triticeae taxa, including triticum aestivum, hordeum vulgare, hordeum spontaneum and secale cereale together with relatives of the a, b and d genome donors of wheat, triticum urartu (a), aegilops speltoides (s) and aegilops tauschii (d). additional taxa containing the a genome, triticum monococcum and its wild relative triticum boeoticum, were also incl ...201323057663
effects of ion beams pretreatment on damage of uv-b radiation on seedlings of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.).the seeds of winter wheat were pretreated with three different doses of low-energy n(+) beams, and its seedlings were subjected to uv-b irradiation (10.08 kj m(-2) day(-1)) at three-leaves stage. the growth characteristic of seeds, the oxidative damage to membrane system induced by uv-b radiation, and the alleviating effects of n(+) beams pretreatment to radiation damage were investigated. the results showed that the germination rate and seedling rate, respectively, increased 14.09 ± 1.03 and 13 ...201223054823
genome-wide identification, classification and expression analysis of genes encoding putative fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l.).fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins (flas), a subclass of arabinogalactan proteins (agps), have both predicted agp-like glycosylated regions and putative fasciclin (fas) domains, which may function in cell adhesion and communication. previous studies have identified 21, 27, and 34 flas in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), rice (oryza sativa), and wheat (triticum aestivum), respectively. in this study, we identified 33 flas in the annotated genome of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. peki ...201223053954
single-copy gene fluorescence in situ hybridization and genome analysis: acc-2 loci mark evolutionary chromosomal rearrangements in wheat.fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) is a useful tool for physical mapping of chromosomes and studying evolutionary chromosome rearrangements. here we report a robust method for single-copy gene fish for wheat. fish probes were developed from cdna of cytosolic acetyl-coa carboxylase (accase) gene (acc-2) and mapped on chromosomes of bread wheat, triticum aestivum l. (2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd), and related diploid and tetraploid species. another nine full-length (fl) cdna fish probes were mapped ...201223052335
anther extrusion and plant height are associated with type i resistance to fusarium head blight in bread wheat line 'shanghai-3/catbird'.fusarium head blight (fhb) is a destructive wheat disease of global importance. resistance breeding depends heavily on the fhb1 gene. the cimmyt line shanghai-3/catbird (sha3/cbrd) is a promising source without this gene. a recombinant inbred line (ril) population from the cross of sha3/cbrd with the german spring wheat cv. naxos was evaluated for fhb resistance and related traits in field trials using spray and spawn inoculation in norway and point inoculation in china. after spray and spawn in ...201323052019
phytochemical profile and nutraceutical value of old and modern common wheat cultivars.among health-promoting phytochemicals in whole grains, phenolic compounds have gained attention as they have strong antioxidant properties and can protect against many degenerative diseases. aim of this study was to profile grain phenolic extracts of one modern and five old common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties and to evaluate their potential antiproliferative or cytoprotective effect in different cell culture systems.wheat extracts were characterized in terms of antioxidant activity and ...201223049918
an r2r3 myb transcription factor in wheat, tapimp1, mediates host resistance to bipolaris sorokiniana and drought stresses through regulation of defense- and stress-related genes.in this study, we report new insights into the function of a wheat (triticum aestivum) myb gene tapimp1 through overexpression and underexpression, and its underlying mechanism in wheat. electrophoretic mobility shift and yeast-one-hybrid assays indicated that tapimp1 can bind to five myb-binding sites including aci, and activate the expression of the genes with the cis-element, confirming that tapimp1 is an myb transcription activator. tapimp1-overexpressing transgenic wheat exhibited significa ...201223046089
a novel wheat α-amylase inhibitor gene, tahps, significantly improves the salt and drought tolerance of transgenic arabidopsis.on the basis of microarray analyses of the salt-tolerant wheat mutant rh8706-49, a previously unreported salt-induced gene, designated as tahps [triticum aestivum hypothetical (hps)-like protein], was cloned. real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that expression of the gene was induced by abscisic acid, salt and drought. the encoded protein was found to be localized mainly in the plasma membranes. transgenic arabidopsis plants overexpressing tahps were more tolerant to ...201323039848
comparative transcriptome profiling in winter wheat grown under different agricultural practices.wheat (triticum aestivum l.), one of the three most important cereal crops worldwide, has a dominant position in europe due to its adaptability and consumer acceptance particularly as an organic food commodity. organic agriculture is developing rapidly, and its authenticity is presently a subject of great concern to food authorities, as incorrect labeling can represent commercial fraud. a comparative transcriptome profiling was conducted on winter wheat flag leaves of several cultivars growing i ...201223039160
will intra-specific differences in transpiration efficiency in wheat be maintained in a high co₂ world? a face study.this study evaluates whether the target breeding trait of superior leaf level transpiration efficiency is still appropriate under increasing carbon dioxide levels of a future climate using a semi-arid cropping system as a model. specifically, we investigated whether physiological traits governing leaf level transpiration efficiency, such as net assimilation rates (a(net)), stomatal conductance (g(s)) or stomatal sensitivity were affected differently between two triticum aestivum l. cultivars dif ...201323035842
[a cytogenetic study of the blue-grain line of the common wheat cultivar saratovskaya 29].the chromosome composition of the blue-grain line i:s29ba of the cultivar saratovskaya 29 was identified by cytological, gish, and microsatellite analyses and c-banding. it was found that common wheat chromosome 4b of the cultivar saratovskaya 29 was substituted with the agropyron elongatum host. chromosome carrying the gene for blue grain (s:s294ag(4b)) during the construction of this nearly isogenic line. the blue-grain line was tested for productivity. the substitution of total chromosome 4b ...023035544
growth, photosynthetic activity and oxidative stress in wheat (triticum aestivum) after exposure of lead to soil.the present study was conducted to assess quantitative information about lead (pb) contamination in soil on the growth and physiology of wheat. solutions with three different concentrations of pb as [pb(no3)2 at 500, 1000 and 2500 microm] were incorporated into the soil to achieve pb-stressed conditions in comparison to unstressed, water treated, control variant. wheat growth measured in terms of root length, shoot length and dry weight exhibited a significant decline with increasing pb concentr ...201223033692
the introgression of rnai silencing of γ-gliadins into commercial lines of bread wheat changes the mixing and technological properties of the dough.in the present work the effects on dough quality by the down-regulation of γ-gliadins in different genetic backgrounds of bread wheat were investigated. rnai-mediated silencing of γ-gliadins was introgressed by conventional crossing into three commercial bread wheat lines (namely 'gazul', 'podenco' and 'arpain'), and along with the transgenic line a1152 (cv. bobwhite) compared with their respective wild types. the protein fractions were quantified by rp-hplc, whereas the technological and mixing ...201223029328
archaeobotanical study of ancient food and cereal remains at the astana cemeteries, xinjiang, china.starch grain, phytolith and cereal bran fragments were analyzed in order to identify the food remains including cakes, dumplings, as well as porridge unearthed at the astana cemeteries in turpan of xinjiang, china. the results suggest that the cakes were made from triticum aestivum while the dumplings were made from triticum aestivum, along with setaria italica. the ingredients of the porridge remains emanated from panicum miliaceum. moreover, direct macrobotantical evidence of the utilization o ...201223028807
responses of seedling growth and antioxidant activity to excess iron and copper in triticum aestivum l.the purpose of this study was to analyze phytotoxicity mechanism involved in root growth and to compare physiological changes in the leaves of wheat seedlings exposed to short term iron (fe) and copper (cu) stresses (0, 100, 300 and 500μm). all applied fe or cu concentrations reduced root and shoot lengths, but seed germination was inhibited by cu only at 500μm. analyses using fluorescent dye 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate indicated enhanced h(2)o(2) levels in seedling roots under fe ...201223025893
cloning and comparative analysis of carotenoid β-hydroxylase genes provides new insights into carotenoid metabolism in tetraploid (triticum turgidum ssp. durum) and hexaploid (triticum aestivum) wheat grains.carotenoid β-hydroxylases attach hydroxyl groups to the β-ionone rings (β-rings) of carotenoid substrates, resulting in modified structures and functions of carotenoid molecules. we cloned and characterized two genes (each with three homeologs), hyd1 and hyd2, which encode β-hydroxylases in wheat. the results from bioinformatic and nested degenerate pcr analyses collectively suggest that hyd1 and hyd2 may represent the entire complement of non-heme di-iron β-hydroxylases in wheat. the homeologs ...201223015203
functional characterization of wheat ent-kaurene(-like) synthases indicates continuing evolution of labdane-related diterpenoid metabolism in the cereals.wheat (triticum aestivum) and rice (oryza sativa) are two of the most agriculturally important cereal crop plants. rice is known to produce numerous diterpenoid natural products that serve as phytoalexins and/or allelochemicals. specifically, these are labdane-related diterpenoids, derived from a characteristic labdadienyl/copalyl diphosphate (cpp), whose biosynthetic relationship to gibberellin biosynthesis is evident from the relevant expanded and functionally diverse family of ent-kaurene syn ...023009879
functional characterization of wheat copalyl diphosphate synthases sheds light on the early evolution of labdane-related diterpenoid metabolism in the cereals.two of the most agriculturally important cereal crop plants are wheat (triticum aestivum) and rice (oryza sativa). rice has been shown to produce a number of diterpenoid natural products as phytoalexins and/or allelochemicals--specifically, labdane-related diterpenoids, whose biosynthesis proceeds via formation of an eponymous labdadienyl/copalyl diphosphate (cpp) intermediate (e.g., the ent-cpp of gibberellin phytohormone biosynthesis). similar to rice, wheat encodes a number of cpp synthases ( ...023009878
isolation and characterization of a bread wheat salinity responsive erf transcription factor.a screen conducted on both a suppression subtractive hybridization and a full length cdna library made from a salinity tolerant bread wheat cultivar sr3 (triticum aestivum cv. sr3) resulted in the recognition of taerf4, a gene including both an ap2/erf domain and a nuclear localization signal. the 982 bp taerf4 cdna comprised a 582 bp open reading frame, encoding a 193 residue polypeptide of molecular weight 20 kda and calculated pi 8.48. a taerf4-gfp fusion protein localized preferentially to t ...201223000066
down-regulation of the tagw2 gene by rna interference results in decreased grain size and weight in wheat.for important food crops such as wheat and rice, grain yield depends on grain number and size. in rice (oryza sativa), gw2 was isolated from a major quantitative trait locus for yield and encodes an e3 ring ligase that negatively regulates grain size. wheat (triticum aestivum) has tagw2 homologues in the a, b, and d genomes, and polymorphisms in tagw2-a were associated with grain width. here, to investigate tagw2 function, rna interference (rnai) was used to down-regulate tagw2 transcript levels ...201222996678
transcriptome-scale homoeolog-specific transcript assemblies of bread wheat.bread wheat is one of the world's most important food crops and considerable efforts have been made to develop genomic resources for this species. this includes an on-going project by the international wheat genome sequencing consortium to assemble its large and complex genome, which is hexaploid and contains three closely related 'homoeologous' copies for each chromosome. this multi-national effort avoids the complications polyploidy entails for correct assembly of the genome by sequencing flow ...201222989011
[identity of the rht-11 and rht-b1e reduced plant height genes].the rht (reduced plant height) genes provided a basis for the "green revolution", which led to a substantial increase in wheat productivity. more than 20 rht genes are now known in wheat, rht-b1 and rht-11 being among the most important ones. analysis of a segregating f2 population and molecular analysis of the common wheat cultivars carrying the rht-11 gene showed that the rht-11 and rht-b1e genes are identical.201222988778
ecophysiology of nickel phytoaccumulation: a simplified biophysical approach.solute active transport or exclusion by plants can be identified by the values of the transpiration stream concentration factor (tscf=xylem:solution solute concentration ratio). the aim of this study was to estimate this parameter for ni uptake by the ni-hyperaccumulator leptoplax emarginata or the ni-excluder triticum aestivum cultivar 'fidel'. the intact plant tscf for nickel (iptscf(ni)) was calculated as the ratio between the nickel mass accumulation in the leaves and the nickel concentratio ...201222987839
waxy genes from spelt wheat: new alleles for modern wheat breeding and new phylogenetic inferences about the origin of this species.waxy proteins are responsible for amylose synthesis in wheat seeds, being encoded by three waxy genes (wx-a1, wx-b1 and wx-d1) in hexaploid wheat. in addition to their role in starch quality, waxy loci have been used to study the phylogeny of wheat. the origin of european spelt (triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) is not clear. this study compared waxy gene sequences of a spanish spelt collection with their homologous genes in emmer (t. turgidum ssp. dicoccum), durum (t. turgidum ssp. durum) and comm ...201222984164
acclimation of leaf nitrogen to vertical light gradient at anthesis in wheat is a whole-plant process that scales with the size of the canopy.vertical leaf nitrogen (n) gradient within a canopy is classically considered as a key adaptation to the local light environment that would tend to maximize canopy photosynthesis. we studied the vertical leaf n gradient with respect to the light gradient for wheat (triticum aestivum) canopies with the aims of quantifying its modulation by crop n status and genetic variability and analyzing its ecophysiological determinants. the vertical distribution of leaf n and light was analyzed at anthesis f ...201222984122
identification of the tabtf3 gene in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and the effect of its silencing on wheat chloroplast, mitochondria and mesophyll cell development.the full-length cdna (882bp) and dna (1742bp) sequences encoding a basic transcription factor 3, designated as tabtf3, were first isolated from common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). subcellular localization studies revealed that the tabtf3 protein was mainly located in the cytoplasm and nucleus. in tabtf3-silenced transgenic wheat seedlings obtained using the virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) method, the chlorophyll pigment content was markedly reduced. however, the malonaldehyde (mda) and h(2) ...201222982315
expression of α-amylase inhibitors in diploid triticum species.the aim of the work was to characterize the expression of various α-amylase inhibitors (αais), well known anti-nutritional compounds, for the development of healthier diploid wheat-based functional foods. the salt-soluble protein fractions from the seeds of 53 accessions among triticum monococcum subsp. monococcum (t.m.), t. monococcum subsp. boeoticum (t.b.) and triticum urartu (t.u.) were analyzed by immunoblotting after sds-page and urea-page using polyclonal antibodies (pabs) raised against ...201222980853
tolerance of photosynthesis to photoinhibition, high temperature and drought stress in flag leaves of wheat: a comparison between a hybridization line and its parents grown under field conditions.photosynthesis and its tolerance to photoinhibition, high temperature and drought stress of flag leaves were investigated in a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) hybridization line (1-12) and its parents (jing-411 and xiaoyan-54). from the beginning of flowering to the 10th day, light-saturated co(2) assimilation rate (p(max)) showed no significant decrease and p(max) of 1-12 was comparable to that of its parents. from the 20th day, p(max) decreased significantly and this decrease was much less in 1-1 ...200622980209
homoeology of thinopyrum junceum and elymus rectisetus chromosomes to wheat and disease resistance conferred by the thinopyrum and elymus chromosomes in wheat.thirteen common wheat "chinese spring" (cs)-thinopyrum junceum addition lines and three common wheat "fukuhokomuji"(fuku)-elymus rectisetus addition lines were characterized and verified as disomic additions of a th. junceum or e. rectisetus chromosome in the wheat backgrounds by fluorescent genomic in situ hybridization. another fuku-e. rectisetus addition line, a1048, was found to contain multiple segregating e. rectisetus chromosomes. seven partial cs-th. junceum amphiploids were identified t ...201222968763
cool-season annual pastures with clovers to supplement wintering beef cows nursing calves.in december of 3 years, 87 beef cows with nursing calves (594 ± 9.8 kg; calving season, september to november) at side were stratified by body condition score, body weight, cow age, and calf gender and divided randomly into 6 groups assigned to 1 of 6 cool-season annual pastures (0.45 ha/cow) that had been interseeded into a dormant common bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon [l.] pers.)/bahiagrass (paspalum notatum flugge) sod. pastures contained 1 of the following 3 seeding mixtures (2 pastures/mixt ...201222958279
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