Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| [studies on igg antibodies of sars patients]. | to investigate the significance of detecting specific serum igg antibodies in clinical diagnosis of sars as well as affecting factors. | 2004 | 15340527 |
| [distribution and timing of antibody to sars-cov in sars cases of transmission chain or non-transmission chain]. | to find out the timing of serologic responses after illness onset and distribution of igg antibody to sars-cov in sars cases of transmission chain or non-transmission chain. | 2004 | 15340494 |
| emerging infections: what have we learned from sars? | 2004 | 15338569 | |
| psychosocial impact of sars. | 2004 | 15338536 | |
| transporting patient with suspected sars. | 2004 | 15338533 | |
| identification and characterization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replicase proteins. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) encodes proteins required for rna transcription and genome replication as large polyproteins that are proteolytically processed by virus-encoded proteinases to produce mature replicase proteins. in this report, we generated antibodies against sars-cov predicted replicase protein and used the antibodies to identify and characterize 12 of the 16 predicted mature replicase proteins (nsp1, nsp2, nsp3, nsp4, nsp5, nsp8, nsp9, nsp12, nsp13, ... | 2004 | 15331731 |
| ace2 gene polymorphisms do not affect outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome. | 2004 | 15331509 | |
| the 17th international conference on antiviral research. | the focus of the 17th international conference on antiviral research was the discovery and development of antiviral agents (chemistry, biology, animal models and clinical trial results) against a variety of human infectious agents including hiv, herpes viruses, hepatitis viruses, respiratory viruses and emerging/re-emerging pathogens. the meeting included the symposium 'clinical update on antiviral drugs', plenary sessions dedicated to each of the individual classes of infectious agents, a sympo ... | 2004 | 15330752 |
| human sars-coronavirus rna-dependent rna polymerase: activity determinants and nucleoside analogue inhibitors. | 2004 | 15326590 | |
| sars coronavirus detection. | we developed a set of three real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays that amplify three different regions of the sars-associated coronavirus (sars-cov), can be run in parallel or in a single tube, and can detect <10 genome equivalents of sars-cov. the assays consider all currently available sars-cov sequences and are optimized for two prominent real-time pcr platforms. | 2004 | 15324554 |
| mice susceptible to sars coronavirus. | murine models of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) will greatly advance research on this emerging virus. when balb/c mice were simultaneously inoculated intranasally and orally, replication of sars-cov was found in both lung and intestinal tissue. | 2004 | 15324552 |
| collecting data to assess sars interventions. | with cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) occurring across geographic regions, data collection on the effectiveness of intervention strategies should be standardized to facilitate analysis. we propose a minimum dataset to capture data needed to examine the basic reproduction rate, case status and criteria, symptoms, and outcomes of sars. | 2004 | 15324551 |
| detection of sars-associated coronavirus in throat wash and saliva in early diagnosis. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) is thought to be transmitted primarily through dispersal of droplets, but little is known about the load of sars-cov in oral droplets. we examined oral specimens, including throat wash and saliva, and found large amounts of sars-cov rna in both throat wash (9.58 x 10(2) to 5.93 x 10(6) copies/ml) and saliva (7.08 x 10(3) to 6.38 x 10(8) copies/ml) from all specimens of 17 consecutive probable sars case-patients, supporting t ... | 2004 | 15324540 |
| sars control and psychological effects of quarantine, toronto, canada. | as a transmissible infectious disease, severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) was successfully contained globally by instituting widespread quarantine measures. although these measures were successful in terminating the outbreak in all areas of the world, the adverse effects of quarantine have not previously been determined in a systematic manner. in this hypothesis-generating study supported by a convenience sample drawn in close temporal proximity to the period of quarantine, we examined the ... | 2004 | 15324539 |
| low stability of nucleocapsid protein in sars virus. | the nucleocapsid protein (n protein) is one of the major virion structural proteins of a newly identified coronavirus, which has been confirmed as the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars). the major function of n protein is to assemble the rna of coronavirus. in the present study, the gene encoding the n protein was cloned and the protein was expressed, purified, and refolded as shown by (1)h nmr measurement. the maximal trp emission wavelength occurs near 331 nm, suggesti ... | 2004 | 15323569 |
| direct sequencing of sars-coronavirus s and n genes from clinical specimens shows limited variation. | severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) emerged, in november 2002, as a novel agent causing severe respiratory illness. to study sequence variation in the sars-cov genome, we determined the nucleic acid sequence of the s and n genes directly from clinical specimens from 10 patients--1 specimen with no matched sars-cov isolate, from 2 patients; multiple specimens from 3 patients; and matched clinical-specimen/cell-culture-isolate pairs from 6 patients. we identified 3 ... | 2004 | 15319863 |
| neutralizing antibodies in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus infection. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) is the principal etiologic agent of sars. we analyzed serum samples obtained from 623 patients with sars in beijing, to determine whether infection with sars-cov can elicit neutralizing antibodies (nabs). | 2004 | 15319862 |
| a candidate vaccine for severe acute respiratory syndrome. | 2004 | 15317899 | |
| infection of cultured intestinal epithelial cells with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | to identify a model for the study of intestinal pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) we tested the sensitivity of six human intestinal epithelial cell lines to infection with sars coronavirus (sars-cov). in permissive cell lines, effects of sars-cov on cellular gene expression were analysed using high-density oligonucleotide arrays. caco-2 and cl-14 cell lines were found to be highly permissive to sars-cov, due to the presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as a functiona ... | 2004 | 15316659 |
| a subcutaneously injected uv-inactivated sars coronavirus vaccine elicits systemic humoral immunity in mice. | the recent emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) was caused by a novel coronavirus, sars-cov. it spread rapidly to many countries and developing a sars vaccine is now urgently required. in order to study the immunogenicity of uv-inactivated purified sars-cov virion as a vaccine candidate, we subcutaneously immunized mice with uv-inactivated sars-cov with or without an adjuvant. we chose aluminum hydroxide gel (alum) as an adjuvant, because of its long safety history for human use ... | 2004 | 15314040 |
| oligomerization of the sars-cov s glycoprotein: dimerization of the n-terminus and trimerization of the ectodomain. | viral envelope glycoproteins are oligomeric and the quaternary structure is critical for their membrane fusion activity. typically the transmembrane glycoproteins of class i fusion proteins contain the oligomerization domains and the surface glycoproteins (su) are monomeric. however, it has been previously demonstrated [j. biol. chem. 277 (2002) 19727] that the su of a murine hepatitis coronavirus (mhv) forms dimers, the dimerization domain overlaps the receptor-binding domain (rbd) and that thi ... | 2004 | 15313178 |
| characterization of the 3a protein of sars-associated coronavirus in infected vero e6 cells and sars patients. | proteomics was used to identify a protein encoded by orf 3a in a sars-associated coronavirus (sars-cov). immuno-blotting revealed that interchain disulfide bonds might be formed between this protein and the spike protein. elisa indicated that sera from sars patients have significant positive reactions with synthesized peptides derived from the 3a protein. these results are concordant with that of a spike protein-derived peptide. a tendency exists for co-mutation between the 3a protein and the sp ... | 2004 | 15312778 |
| [detection of rna of sars coronavirus in hospital sewage]. | in order to explore the existence of sars coronavirus (co-v) and/or its rna in sewage of hospitals administered sars patients. | 2004 | 15312586 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and the gdp. part ii: implications for gdps. | the transmission modes of sars-coronavirus appear to be through droplet spread, close contact and fomites although air borne transmission has not been ruled out. this clearly places dental personnel at risks as they work in close proximity to their patients employing droplet and aerosol generating procedures. although the principle of universal precautions is widely advocated and followed throughout the dental community, additional precautionary measures - termed standard precaution may be neces ... | 2004 | 15311240 |
| epidemiology of sars: the missing pathogen? | 2004 | 15310809 | |
| retroviral vectors pseudotyped with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus s protein. | the worldwide outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) was shown to be associated with a novel coronavirus (cov) now called sars cov. we report here the generation of sars cov s protein-pseudotyped murine leukemia virus (mlv) vector particles. the wild-type s protein pseudotyped mlv vectors, although at a low efficiency. partial deletion of the cytoplasmic tail of s dramatically increased infectivity of pseudotypes, with titers only two- to threefold lower than those of pseudotypes g ... | 2004 | 15308697 |
| value of initial chest radiographs for predicting clinical outcomes in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. | to determine whether the initial chest radiograph is helpful in predicting the clinical outcome of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars). | 2004 | 15308434 |
| sequential changes of serum aminotransferase levels in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a newly emerging infectious disease. to describe the hepatic injury caused by this disease, we report the sequential changes of serum transaminase in probable sars patients during a hospital outbreak in southern taiwan. from april to june, 2003, 52 probable sars patients were hospitalized. serial serum aspartate aminotransferase (ast) and alanine aminotransferase (alt) levels were retrospectively analyzed and hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) was als ... | 2004 | 15306699 |
| animal origins of sars coronavirus: possible links with the international trade in small carnivores. | the search for animal host origins of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus has so far remained focused on wildlife markets, restaurants and farms within china. a significant proportion of this wildlife enters china through an expanding regional network of illegal, international wildlife trade. we present the case for extending the search for ancestral coronaviruses and their hosts across international borders into countries such as vietnam and lao people's democratic republic, wh ... | 2004 | 15306396 |
| epidemiology, transmission dynamics and control of sars: the 2002-2003 epidemic. | this paper reviews current understanding of the epidemiology, transmission dynamics and control of the aetiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars). we present analyses of data on key parameters and distributions and discuss the processes of data capture, analysis and public health policy formulation during the sars epidemic are discussed. the low transmissibility of the virus, combined with the onset of peak infectiousness following the onset of clinical symptoms of disease, t ... | 2004 | 15306395 |
| laboratory diagnosis of sars. | the emergence of new viral infections of man requires the development of robust diagnostic tests that can be applied in the differential diagnosis of acute illness, or to determine past exposure, so as to establish the true burden of disease. since the recognition in april 2003 of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) as the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), enormous efforts have been applied to develop molecular and serological tests for sars wh ... | 2004 | 15306394 |
| the aetiology of sars: koch's postulates fulfilled. | proof that a newly identified coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) is the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) came from a series of studies on experimentally infected cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis). sars-cov-infected macaques developed a disease comparable to sars in humans; the virus was re-isolated from these animals and they developed sars-cov-specific antibodies. this completed the fulfilment of koch's postulates, as modified ... | 2004 | 15306393 |
| the aetiology of sars: koch's postulates fulfilled. | proof that a newly identified coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) is the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) came from a series of studies on experimentally infected cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis). sars-cov-infected macaques developed a disease comparable to sars in humans; the virus was re-isolated from these animals and they developed sars-cov-specific antibodies. this completed the fulfilment of koch's postulates, as modified ... | 2004 | 15306393 |
| influenza as a model system for studying the cross-species transfer and evolution of the sars coronavirus. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) moved into humans from a reservoir species and subsequently caused an epidemic in its new host. we know little about the processes that allowed the cross-species transfer of this previously unknown virus. i discuss what we have learned about the movement of viruses into humans from studies of influenza a, both how it crossed from birds to humans and how it subsequently evolved within the human population. starting with a brief review of se ... | 2004 | 15306391 |
| viral evolution and the emergence of sars coronavirus. | the recent appearance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) highlights the continual threat to human health posed by emerging viruses. however, the central processes in the evolution of emerging viruses are unclear, particularly the selection pressures faced by viruses in new host species. we outline some of the key evolutionary genetic aspects of viral emergence. we emphasize that, although the high mutation rates of rna viruses provide them with great adaptability and exp ... | 2004 | 15306390 |
| major genetic marker of nidoviruses encodes a replicative endoribonuclease. | coronaviruses are important pathogens that cause acute respiratory diseases in humans. replication of the approximately 30-kb positive-strand rna genome of coronaviruses and discontinuous synthesis of an extensive set of subgenome-length rnas (transcription) are mediated by the replicase-transcriptase, a barely characterized protein complex that comprises several cellular proteins and up to 16 viral subunits. the coronavirus replicase-transcriptase was recently predicted to contain rna-processin ... | 2004 | 15304651 |
| clinical and laboratory features of severe acute respiratory syndrome vis-a-vis onset of fever. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a rapidly progressive disease caused by a novel coronavirus (cov) infection. however, the disease presentation is nonspecific. the aim of this study was to define clearly the presentation, clinical progression, and laboratory data in a group of patients who had sars. | 2004 | 15302738 |
| sars virus in tears? | 2004 | 15298024 | |
| potent inhibition of sars-associated coronavirus (scov) infection and replication by type i interferons (ifn-alpha/beta) but not by type ii interferon (ifn-gamma). | we sought to investigate the anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-associated coronavirus (scov) activities of type i (alpha and beta) and type ii (gamma) interferons (ifn) in vitro. type i ifns protected cells from cytopathic effects (cpe) induced by scov, and inhibited viral genomic rna replication in frhk-4 cells (measured by quantitative rt-pcr) in a dose-dependent manner. intracellular viral rna copies were reduced 50% by ifn-alpha at a concentration of 25 u/ml and by ifn-beta at a ... | 2004 | 15296649 |
| recombinant scfv antibodies against e protein and n protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome virus. | three single chain antibodies (scfv) against the proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) were isolated by phage display from an scfv antibody library. bio-panning was carried out against immobilized purified envelope (e) and nucleocapsid (n) proteins of sars-cov. their binding activity and specificity to e or n protein of sars-cov were characterized by phage-elisa. two of them, b10 and c20, could recognize non-overlapping epitopes of the e protein according to the tw ... | 2004 | 15295646 |
| pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of women with severe acute respiratory syndrome. | this study was undertaken to evaluate the pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars). | 2004 | 15295381 |
| the sars coronavirus nucleocapsid protein induces actin reorganization and apoptosis in cos-1 cells in the absence of growth factors. | in march 2003, a novel coronavirus was isolated from patients exhibiting atypical pneumonia, and was subsequently proven to be the causative agent of the disease now referred to as sars (severe acute respiratory syndrome). the complete genome of the sars-cov (sars coronavirus) has since been sequenced. the sars-cov nucleocapsid (sars-cov n) protein shares little homology with other members of the coronavirus family. in the present paper, we show that sars-cov n is capable of inducing apoptosis o ... | 2004 | 15294014 |
| sars, emerging infections, and bioterrorism preparedness. | 2004 | 15288816 | |
| a highly unusual palindromic transmembrane helical hairpin formed by sars coronavirus e protein. | the agent responsible for the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) outbreak is a previously unidentified coronavirus. while there is a wealth of epidemiological studies, little if any molecular characterization of sars coronavirus (scov) proteins has been carried out. here we describe the molecular characterization of scov e protein, a critical component of the virus responsible for virion envelope morphogenesis. we conclusively show that scov e protein contains an unusually short, pa ... | 2004 | 15288785 |
| in vitro susceptibility of 10 clinical isolates of sars coronavirus to selected antiviral compounds. | effective antiviral agents are urgently needed to combat the possible return of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars). commercial antiviral agents and pure chemical compounds extracted from traditional chinese medicinal herbs were screened against 10 clinical isolates of sars coronavirus by neutralisation tests with confirmation by plaque reduction assays. interferon-beta-1a, leukocytic interferon-alpha, ribavirin, lopinavir, rimantadine, baicalin and glycyrrhizin showed antiviral activity. t ... | 2004 | 15288617 |
| antibody responses against sars-coronavirus and its nucleocaspid in sars patients. | sars-cov is the etiologic agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome. an understanding of the antibody responses to the viral components is very important for diagnosis and vaccine development. | 2004 | 15288616 |
| the spectrum of pathological changes in severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars). | to analyse the lung pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and correlate the findings with the time sequence of the disease. | 2004 | 15279629 |
| structural organization of the genome of sars-associated coronavirus (strain sod) isolated on the territory of the russian federation. | complete nucleotide cdna sequence (29715 nucleotides) of sars-associated coronavirus (strain sod) isolated for the first time in the territory of the russian federation was determined. phylogenetic analysis revealed maximum similarity between strain sod genome and frankfurt 1 strain genome. three nucleotide substitutions determining two amino acid substitutions were detected. | 2004 | 15273774 |
| disease-specific b cell epitopes for serum antibodies from patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and serologic detection of sars antibodies by epitope-based peptide antigens. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) has emerged as a highly contagious, sometimes fatal disease. to find disease-specific b cell epitopes, phage-displayed random peptide libraries were panned on serum immunoglobulin (ig) g antibodies from patients with sars. forty-nine immunopositive phage clones that bound specifically to serum from patients with sars were selected. these phageborne peptides had 4 consensus motifs, of which 2 corresponded to amino acid sequences reported for sars-associate ... | 2004 | 15272409 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and the gdp. part i : epidemiology, virology, pathology and general health issues. | the health profession faces a new challenge with the emergence of a novel viral disease severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), a form of atypical pneumonia caused by a coronavirus termed sars-cov. this highly infectious disease has spread through 32 countries, infecting more than 8,400 patients with over 790 deaths in just over 6 months. over one quarter of those infected were unsuspecting healthcare workers. the major transmission mode of sars-coronavirus appears to be through droplet spread ... | 2004 | 15272339 |
| pulmonary pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome in toronto. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) pandemic in toronto resulted in a large number of autopsies on its victims. we describe the pulmonary pathology of patients who died in the 2003 toronto outbreak. autopsy material from the lungs of 20 patients who died between march and july 2003 were characterized by histology, molecular biology, and immunohistochemistry for cytokeratins, thyroid transcription factor-1, cd68, epstein-barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and human herpes simplex viruses. matc ... | 2005 | 15272286 |
| analysis of serum cytokines in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is an acute infectious disease of the respiratory system. although a novel coronavirus has been identified as the causative agent of sars, the pathogenic mechanisms of sars are not understood. in this study, sera were collected from healthy donors, patients with sars, patients with severe sars, and patients with sars in convalescence. the serum concentrations of interleukin-1 (il-1), il-4, il-6, il-8, il-10, tumor growth factor beta (tgf-beta), tumor necr ... | 2004 | 15271897 |
| a comparative study of clinical features and outcomes in young and older adults with severe acute respiratory syndrome. | to determine the clinical presentation, findings, and outcomes of older adults (> 60) with severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and compare these with a control group of younger patients (< or or =60). | 2004 | 15271120 |
| [quantitative detection of sars-cov rna in excreta and oropharyngeal washing fluid from convalescence patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome]. | to detect the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) rna in excreta and oropharyngeal washing fluid (owf) from the convalescence sars patients, and to determine whether convalescence patients carry the sars-cov, and whether having infectivity. | 2004 | 15266825 |
| advancements in the battle against severe acute respiratory syndrome. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a newly emerged infectious disease with a significant morbidity and mortality. the major clinical features include persistent fever, chills/rigor, myalgia, malaise, dry cough, headache and dyspnoea. respiratory failure is the major complication of sars and approximately 20% of patients may progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring invasive mechanical ventilatory support. however, the severity is much milder in infected young children. t ... | 2004 | 15264983 |
| prediction of class i t-cell epitopes: evidence of presence of immunological hot spots inside antigens. | processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex class i antigens to cytotoxic t-lymphocytes is crucial for immune surveillance against intracellular bacteria, parasites, viruses and tumors. identification of antigenic regions on pathogen proteins will play a pivotal role in designer vaccine immunotherapy. we have developed a system that not only identifies high binding t-cell antigenic epitopes, but also class i t-cell antigenic clusters termed immunological hot spots. | 2004 | 15262812 |
| development of a safe neutralization assay for sars-cov and characterization of s-glycoprotein. | the etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) has been identified as a novel coronavirus sars-cov. similar to other coronaviruses, spike (s)-glycoprotein of the virus interacts with a cellular receptor and mediates membrane fusion to allow viral entry into susceptible target cells. accordingly, s-protein plays an important role in virus infection cycle and is the primary target of neutralizing antibodies. to begin to understand its biochemical and immunological properties, we ... | 2004 | 15262502 |
| prophylactic and therapeutic effects of small interfering rna targeting sars-coronavirus. | to identify and characterize the sirna duplexes that are effective for inhibition of sars-cov infection and replication in the non-human primate cells. this in vitro study will serve as the foundation for development of novel anti-sars therapeutics. | 2004 | 15259899 |
| persistent infection of sars coronavirus in colonic cells in vitro. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) can produce gastrointestinal symptoms. the intestinal tract is the only extrapulmonary site where viable viruses have been detected. this study examined seven established human intestinal cell lines, dld-1, hct-116, ht-29, lovo, ls-180, sw-480 and sw-620, for their permissiveness to sars-cov infection. the results showed that only lovo cells were permissive to sars-cov infection as evident by positive findings from indirect immunofluoresce ... | 2004 | 15258961 |
| [immunological reaction between the peptides from s1 domain of sars coronavirus s-protein and the serum from sars patients]. | to examine the immunological reactions between the peptides of sars coronavirus (sars-cov) s-protein and the serum of sars patients for identifying the sars-cov epitope. | 2004 | 15257904 |
| [relevance of coronaviruses. the sars example]. | the emergence of the new sars coronavirus has shown dramatically the high relevance of human coronavirus infections. this overview presents data of both epidemiological and clinical studies of this new virus infection. moreover, details of research on the pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapy are given. the recent infections in december 2003 clearly document that sars will be a major topic also in 2004. | 2004 | 15254819 |
| hematological findings in sars patients and possible mechanisms (review). | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a new human infectious disease. the causative agent of sars is a novel coronavirus (sars-cov). this report summarizes the hematological findings in sars patients and proposes the possible mechanisms of sars-cov related abnormal hematopoiesis. hematological changes in patients with sars are common and include lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia and occasionally leukopenia. a significant decrease was also observed in peripheral cd4+ and cd8+ t lymphocyte subse ... | 2004 | 15254784 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus phylogeny: toward consensus. | 2004 | 15254158 | |
| proteomic analysis of sars associated coronavirus using two-dimensional liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectroemtric analysis. | the proteomes of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) and its infected vero e6 cells were detected in the present study. the cytosol and nucleus fractions of virus-infected cells as well as the crude virions were analyzed either by one-dimensional electrophoresis followed by esi-ms/ms identification or by shotgun strategy with two-dimensional liquid chromatography-esi-ms/ms. for the first time, all of the four predicted structural proteins of sars-cov were iden ... | 2004 | 15253436 |
| sars: responding to an unknown virus. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is an emerging infection caused by a novel coronavirus which first appeared in southern china at the end of 2002. in early 2003, through a single incident, it spread to hong kong, singapore, canada and vietnam. for busy clinicians in large public hospitals, the response to the virus was initially based on ensuring a high level of protection for staff. however, as the epidemic progressed and more information became available about the virus, procedures ... | 2004 | 15252720 |
| potent and selective inhibition of sars coronavirus replication by aurintricarboxylic acid. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (sars) is a coronavirus that instigated regional epidemics in canada and several asian countries in 2003. the newly identified sars coronavirus (sars-cov) can be transmitted among humans and cause severe or even fatal illnesses. as preventive vaccine development takes years to complete and adverse reactions have been reported to some veterinary coronaviral vaccines, anti-viral compounds must be relentlessly pursued. in this study, we analyzed the effec ... | 2004 | 15249217 |
| an efficient method to make human monoclonal antibodies from memory b cells: potent neutralization of sars coronavirus. | passive serotherapy can confer immediate protection against microbial infection, but methods to rapidly generate human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies are not yet available. we have developed an improved method for epstein-barr virus transformation of human b cells. we used this method to analyze the memory repertoire of a patient who recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) infection and to isolate monoclonal antibodies specific for different viral proteins, in ... | 2004 | 15247913 |
| sars. china dumps cdc head, probes lab. | 2004 | 15247446 | |
| association of human-leukocyte-antigen class i (b*0703) and class ii (drb1*0301) genotypes with susceptibility and resistance to the development of severe acute respiratory syndrome. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a public health concern worldwide. by studying the human leukocyte antigen (hla) types a, b, dr, and dq alleles in 90 chinese patients with serologically confirmed sars infections, we identified a strong association between hla-b*0703 (or, 4.08; 95% ci, 2.03-8.18; p=.00072 [bonferroni-corrected p value, p(c) <.0022]) and -drb1*0301 (or, 0.06; 95%, 0.01-0.47; p=.00008 [after bonferroni correction, p<.0042]) and the development of sars. moreover, the fre ... | 2004 | 15243926 |
| identification of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by simultaneous multigene dna sequencing. | the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) outbreak resulted in calls for an accurate diagnostic test that can be used not only for routine testing but also for generating nucleotide sequences to monitor the epidemic. although the identity of the sars coronavirus (sars-cov) genome was confirmed by dna sequencing, it is impractical to sequence the entire 29-kb sars-cov genome on a routine basis. therefore, alternative assay methods such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and pcr ha ... | 2004 | 15243096 |
| discovery of novel human and animal cells infected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by replication-specific multiplex reverse transcription-pcr. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) is the causative agent of the recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome. veroe6 cells, fetal rhesus monkey kidney cells, and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were the only cells known to be susceptible to sars-cov. we developed a multiplex reverse transcription-pcr assay to analyze the susceptibility of cells derived from a variety of tissues and species to sars-cov. additionally, productive infection was determined ... | 2004 | 15243082 |
| discovery of novel human and animal cells infected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by replication-specific multiplex reverse transcription-pcr. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) is the causative agent of the recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome. veroe6 cells, fetal rhesus monkey kidney cells, and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were the only cells known to be susceptible to sars-cov. we developed a multiplex reverse transcription-pcr assay to analyze the susceptibility of cells derived from a variety of tissues and species to sars-cov. additionally, productive infection was determined ... | 2004 | 15243082 |
| detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus nucleocapsid protein in sars patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | we report the development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus (cov) nucleocapsid protein. the assay was carried out with hyperimmune polyclonal nucleocapsid-specific antibodies from guinea pigs and rabbits immunized with recombinant his(6)-tagged sars cov nucleocapsid protein. the assay was used for the detection of sars cov nucleocapsid protein in nasopharyngeal aspirate, urine, and fecal samples collected fro ... | 2004 | 15243033 |
| detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus nucleocapsid protein in sars patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | we report the development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus (cov) nucleocapsid protein. the assay was carried out with hyperimmune polyclonal nucleocapsid-specific antibodies from guinea pigs and rabbits immunized with recombinant his(6)-tagged sars cov nucleocapsid protein. the assay was used for the detection of sars cov nucleocapsid protein in nasopharyngeal aspirate, urine, and fecal samples collected fro ... | 2004 | 15243033 |
| kinetics of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus-specific antibodies in 271 laboratory-confirmed cases of sars. | the sensitivities and specificities of an immunofluorescence assay and an enzyme immunoassay for detection of antibodies specific for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) were compared for 148 laboratory-confirmed sars cases. the appearance and persistence of sars-cov-specific antibodies were assessed, with immunoglobulin g detected in 59% of samples collected within 14 days and persisting for 60 to 95 days after the onset of illness. | 2004 | 15242960 |
| evaluation and validation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an immunochromatographic test for serological diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome. | a newly developed severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was further validated to confirm cutoff values and evaluate its diagnostic performance with clinical samples. in parallel, an immunochromatographic test was also evaluated. a total of 227 clinical serum specimens collected from sars patients were used in the study, together with 385 samples from healthy donors. by use of an immunofluorescent (if) test as the "gold standard", both the eli ... | 2004 | 15242944 |
| longitudinal profile of immunoglobulin g (igg), igm, and iga antibodies against the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus nucleocapsid protein in patients with pneumonia due to the sars coronavirus. | by using a recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) nucleocapsid protein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and serum specimens serially collected (from day 0 to day 240 after symptom onset) from patients with pneumonia due to sars-cov, we analyzed the longitudinal profiles of immunoglobulin g (igg), igm, and iga antibodies against the sars-cov nucleocapsid protein in patients with pneumonia due to sars-cov. for igg, the median optical density at 450 nm ( ... | 2004 | 15242938 |
| old bugs and new: classical and emerging pathogens--relevance to dental practice. | 2004 | 15239585 | |
| [protective effect of specific antibody in serum of convalescent patient with sars]. | to investigate inhibitory effect of serum severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) -specific antibodies from convalescent patients after half an year of onset on sars-cov-mediated cytopathic response. | 2004 | 15238177 |
| development and characterisation of neutralising monoclonal antibody to the sars-coronavirus. | there is a global need to elucidate protective antigens expressed by the sars-coronavirus (sars-cov). monoclonal antibody reagents that recognise specific antigens on sars-cov are needed urgently. in this report, the development and immunochemical characterisation of a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the sars-cov is presented, based upon their specificity, binding requirements, and biological activity. initial screening by elisa, using highly purified virus as the coating an ... | 2004 | 15234813 |
| development and evaluation of an efficient 3'-noncoding region based sars coronavirus (sars-cov) rt-pcr assay for detection of sars-cov infections. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) epidemic originating from china in 2002 was caused by a previously uncharacterized coronavirus that could be identified by specific rt-pcr amplification. efforts to control future sars outbreaks depend on the accurate and early identification of sars-cov infected patients. a real-time fluorogenic rt-pcr assay based on the 3'-noncoding region (3'-ncr) of sars-cov genome was developed as a quantitative sars diagnostic tool. the ideal amplification effic ... | 2004 | 15234807 |
| is serum in childhood naturally protective against sars-coronavirus? | 2004 | 15234548 | |
| inhibition of sars-coronavirus infection in vitro by s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine, a nitric oxide donor compound. | the recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) warrants the search for effective antiviral agents to treat the disease. this study describes the assessment of the antiviral potential of nitric oxide (no) against sars coronavirus (sars-cov) strain frankfurt-1 replicating in african green monkey (vero e6) cells. | 2004 | 15234326 |
| inhibition of sars-coronavirus infection in vitro by s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine, a nitric oxide donor compound. | the recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) warrants the search for effective antiviral agents to treat the disease. this study describes the assessment of the antiviral potential of nitric oxide (no) against sars coronavirus (sars-cov) strain frankfurt-1 replicating in african green monkey (vero e6) cells. | 2004 | 15234326 |
| in beijing during the sars outbreak. | 2004 | 15233366 | |
| [comparison among four kits in detection of anti-sars-cov igg in sera of sars patients]. | to compare the sensitivity and specificity of four kits for detection of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-cov igg in sera of sars patients. | 2004 | 15231132 |
| [analysis on the risk factors of severe acute respiratory syndromes coronavirus infection in workers from animal markets]. | to investigate the possible risk factors of severe acute respiratory syndromes coronavirus (sars-cov) infection in workers from animal markets. | 2004 | 15231128 |
| inactivated sars-cov vaccine prepared from whole virus induces a high level of neutralizing antibodies in balb/c mice. | we tested the ability of inactivated sars-cov vaccine to induce neutralizing antibodies in balb/c mice. the inactivated vaccine was prepared by sars-cov virus propagation in vero cells, with subsequent beta-propiolactone inactivation and sepharose 4ff column chromatography purification. one hundred forty balb/c female mice were divided into seven groups of 20 mice each. of the seven groups, three groups were inoculated with 0.1, 1, and 3 microg of the vaccine without adjuvant while three other g ... | 2004 | 15231072 |
| detection and monitoring of sars coronavirus in the plasma and peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. | 2004 | 15229153 | |
| piezoelectric immunosensor for sars-associated coronavirus in sputum. | a piezoelectric immunosensor was developed for the detection of sars-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) in sputum in the gas phase. horse polyclonal antibody against sars-cov was bound onto the pz crystal surface in an ordered orientation through protein a. the antigen sample was atomized into aerosol by an ultrasonator, by which the antibody on the crystal could specifically adsorb sars antigen and the changed mass of crystal would lead a frequency shift. a frequency counter was employed to reco ... | 2004 | 15228322 |
| seroprevalence of antibody to severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-associated coronavirus among health care workers in sars and non-sars medical wards. | the seroprevalence of antibody to severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) in cohorts of health care workers (hcws) with subclinical infection in sars and non-sars medical wards was 2.3% (3 of 131 hcws) and 0% (0 of 192 hcws), respectively. rates for clinical sars-cov infection among 742 hcws on these wards were highest among nurses (11.6%) and health care assistants (11.8%), indicating that these occupations are associated with the highest risks for exposure. | 2004 | 15227633 |
| small molecules targeting severe acute respiratory syndrome human coronavirus. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is an infectious disease caused by a novel human coronavirus. currently, no effective antiviral agents exist against this type of virus. a cell-based assay, with sars virus and vero e6 cells, was developed to screen existing drugs, natural products, and synthetic compounds to identify effective anti-sars agents. of >10,000 agents tested, approximately 50 compounds were found active at 10 microm; among these compounds, two are existing drugs (reserpine 13 ... | 2004 | 15226499 |
| diagnostic criteria during sars outbreak in hong kong. | 2004 | 15224676 | |
| sars epidemiology modeling. | 2004 | 15224675 | |
| handwashing precautions taken by renal transplant recipients for severe acute respiratory syndrome. | 2004 | 15223923 | |
| moderate mutation rate in the sars coronavirus genome and its implications. | the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) caused a severe global epidemic in 2003 which led to hundreds of deaths and many thousands of hospitalizations. the virus causing sars was identified as a novel coronavirus (sars-cov) and multiple genomic sequences have been revealed since mid-april, 2003. after a quiet summer and fall in 2003, the newly emerged sars cases in asia, particularly the latest cases in china, are reinforcing a wide-spread belief that the sars epidemic would str ... | 2004 | 15222897 |
| exploring the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars): the tissue distribution of the coronavirus (sars-cov) and its putative receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2). | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is an emerging infectious disease associated with a new coronavirus, sars-cov. pulmonary involvement is the dominant clinical feature but extra-pulmonary manifestations are also common. factors that account for the wide spectrum of organ system involvement and disease severity are poorly understood and the pathogenesis of sars-cov infection remains unclear. angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ace2) has recently been identified as the functional cellular rece ... | 2004 | 15221932 |
| the 3' cis-acting genomic replication element of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus can function in the murine coronavirus genome. | the 3' untranslated region (3' utr) of the genome of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus can functionally replace its counterpart in the prototype group 2 coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (mhv). by contrast, the 3' utrs of representative group 1 or group 3 coronaviruses cannot operate as substitutes for the mhv 3' utr. | 2004 | 15220462 |
| inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome virus replication by small interfering rnas in mammalian cells. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is an acute respiratory infectious disease that spread worldwide in early 2003. the cause was determined as a novel coronavirus (cov), sars-associated cov (sars-cov), with a single-stranded, plus-sense rna. to date, no effective specific treatment has been identified. to exploit the possibility of using rna interference as a therapeutic approach to fight the disease, plasmid-mediated small interfering rnas (sirnas) were generated to target the sars-cov ge ... | 2004 | 15220426 |
| characterization of a unique group-specific protein (u122) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | a novel coronavirus (cov) has been identified as the etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars). the sars-cov genome encodes the characteristic essential cov replication and structural proteins. additionally, the genome contains six group-specific open reading frames (orfs) larger than 50 amino acids, with no known homologues. as with the group-specific genes of the other covs, little is known about the sars-cov group-specific genes. sars-cov orf7a encodes a putative unique 12 ... | 2004 | 15220404 |