Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| double-stranded rna replicons associated with chloroplasts of a green alga, bryopsis cinicola. | double-stranded rnas (dsrnas) associated with chloroplasts and mitochondria have been found in the coenocytic green alga bryopsis cinicola. in this study we report molecular properties of the four chloroplast-associated dsrnas (bdrc1 to bdrc4). the longest dsrna molecule (bdrc1) was sequenced entirely (1959 bp) and a single large orf of 1722 bp was found within it. database searches revealed similarities between the deduced amino acid sequence of this orf and rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) ... | 2003 | 12777056 |
| sporamin-mediated resistance to beet cyst nematodes (heterodera schachtii schm.) is dependent on trypsin inhibitory activity in sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) hairy roots. | sporamin, a sweet potato tuberous storage protein, is a kunitz-type trypsin inhibitor. its capability of conferring insect-resistance on transgenic tobacco and cauliflower has been confirmed. to test its potential as an anti-feedant for the beet cyst nematode (heterodera schachtii schm.), the sporamin gene spti-1 was introduced into sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) by agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation. twelve different hairy root clones expressing sporamin were selected for studying ... | 2003 | 12777044 |
| synchrony of nutrient supply to the rumen and dietary energy source and their effects on the growth and metabolism of lambs. | the objective of the current series of experiments was to assess the effects of dietary synchrony of om and n supply to the rumen, achieved by altering the sequence of feeding individual ingredients and in diets with different energy sources, on the metabolism and performance of growing lambs. in exp. 1, the in situ degradability coefficients of om and n were determined for five feed ingredients and subsequently was used to formulate two diets, based either on barley or sugar beet pulp, to have ... | 2003 | 12772862 |
| physiological response of colorado potato beetle and beet armyworm larvae to depletion of wound-inducible proteinase inhibitors in transgenic potato plants. | larvae of colorado potato beetle (cpb), leptinotarsa decemlineata, and beet armyworm (baw), spodoptera exigua, reared on potato plants in which wound-induced accumulation of proteinase inhibitors (pis) was largely reduced through antisense-mediated depletion of a specific lipoxygenase (lox h3) had significantly larger weight gains than those fed on non-transformed plants. the midgut endoproteolytic activities of cpb larvae fed on non-transformed potato were significantly higher than those from l ... | 2001 | 12770181 |
| influence of dietary beetpulp on the plasma level of triacylglycerols in horses. | in a cross-over study with six adult horses, the effect of isoenergetic replacement of dietary glucose by beetpulp on the concentration of plasma triacylglycerols was studied. the test ration contained 25% beetpulp in the dietary dry matter. the feeding of beet pulp lowered plasma triacylglycerol concentrations (p = 0.058) in the fasting state and raised the activity of heparin-released lipoprotein lipase (lpl) (p = 0.059) and the concentration of hdl2 cholesterol (p = 0.058). in the fasting sta ... | 2003 | 12752823 |
| experimental demonstration of gray-scale sparse modulation codes in volume holographic storage. | we discuss experimental results of a versatile nonbinary modulation and channel code appropriatefor two-dimentional page-oriented holographic memories. an enumerative permutation code is used to provide a modulation code that permits a simple maximum-likelihood detection scheme. experimental results from the ibm demon testbed are used to characterize the performance and feasibility of the proposed modulation and channel codes. a reverse coding technique is introduced to combat the effects of err ... | 2003 | 12749567 |
| paex, a second pectin acetylesterase of erwinia chrysanthemi 3937. | erwinia chrysanthemi causes soft-rot diseases of various plants by enzymatic degradation of the pectin in plant cell walls. pectin is a complex polysaccharide. the main chain is constituted of galacturonate residues, and some of them are modified by methyl and/or acetyl esterification. esterases are necessary to remove these modifications and, thus, to facilitate the further degradation of the polysaccharidic chain. in addition to paey, the first pectin acetylesterase identified in the e. chrysa ... | 2003 | 12730169 |
| effects of adding some dietary fibers to a cystine diet on the activities of liver antioxidant enzymes and serum enzymes in rats. | this study investigates whether some dietary fibers can the toxicity due to cystine added to the diet. wistar rats were investigated for the effects of adding pectin, sugar beet fiber or konjac mannan to a cystine diet on the growth rate and on the activities of liver antioxidant enzymes and serum enzymes. the addition of pectin, sugar beet fiber or konjac mannan to the cystine diet resulted in a significant increase in both the food intake and body weight gain. feeding the cystine diet caused l ... | 2003 | 12723612 |
| xylanase production by penicillium canescens 10-10c in solid-state fermentation. | filamentous fungi have been widely used to produce hydrolytic enzymes for industrial applications, including xylanases, whose levels in fungi are generally much higher than those in yeast and bacteria. we evaluated the influence of carbon sources, nitrogen sources, and moisture content on xylanase production by penicillium canescens 10-10c in solid-state fermentation. among agricultural wastes tested (wheat bran, untreated wheat straw, treated wheat straw, beet pulp, and soja meal), untreated wh ... | 2003 | 12721411 |
| a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) library of sugar beet and a physical map of the region encompassing the bolting gene b. | in sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.), early bolting is caused by a single dominant gene, designated b. twenty aflp markers selected from a 7.8-cm segment of the b region on chromosome 2 were used to screen a yac library, and a first-generation physical map including the b gene, made up of 11 yacs, was established. because the genome coverage of the yac library was low, a bac library was constructed in the vector pbelobac11. this library consists of 57,600 clones with an average insert size of 116 kb ... | 2003 | 12715161 |
| the translation initiation factor eif1a is an important determinant in the tolerance to nacl stress in yeast and plants. | protein synthesis is very sensitive to nacl. however, the molecular targets responsible for this sensitivity have not been described. a cdna library of the halotolerant plant sugar beet was functionally screened in a sodium-sensitive yeast strain. we obtained a cdna clone (bveif1a) encoding the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eif1a. bveif1a was able to partially complement the yeast eif1a-deficient strain. overexpression of the sugar beet eif1a specifically increased the sodium and lith ... | 2003 | 12713533 |
| elevation of three subspecies of pectobacterium carotovorum to species level: pectobacterium atrosepticum sp. nov., pectobacterium betavasculorum sp. nov. and pectobacterium wasabiae sp. nov. | a collection of 42 strains belonging to the five subspecies of pectobacterium carotovorum (subspecies atrosepticum, betavasculorum, carotovorum, odoriferum and wasabiae) and 11 reference and type strains of biovars of pectobacterium chrysanthemi, pectobacterium cacticidum and brenneria paradisiaca were studied by dna-dna hybridization, numerical taxonomy of 120 phenotypic characteristics, serology and new phylogenetic analysis of previously reported sequences from a database of aligned 16s rdna ... | 2003 | 12710602 |
| supplemental carbohydrate sources for lactating dairy cows on pasture. | two experiments were conducted to evaluate steam-flaked corn and nonforage fiber sources as supplemental carbohydrates for lactating dairy cows on pasture. cows were allotted to a new paddock of an orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) pasture twice daily in one group in both trials. in experiment 1, 28 holstein cows, averaging 216 d in milk, were randomly assigned to either a cracked-corn (cc) or a steam-flaked (sfc) supplement in a split plot design. the supplement contained 66.7% of corn and a ... | 2003 | 12703627 |
| effect of subsoiling on the yield of sugar beet under conditions of rhizomania infection. | the rhizomania is known in hungary since 1982. the causal agent, beet necrotic yellow vein benyvirus (bnyvv) is transmitted by a soil-borne fungus polymyxa betae keskin. a field experiment was done under rhizomania infested and non-infested conditions to compare the yield parameters of five tolerant and four sensitive sugar beet hybrids. tolerant varieties produced higher root yield under rhizomania infected conditions. the root yields of the sensitive varieties were similar to the tolerant ones ... | 2002 | 12701439 |
| monitoring the persistence of genes deriving from genetically modified plants in the soil environment. | to study the gene persistence in the soil environment, soil samples were collected from sugar beet (beta vulgaris) and chicory (cichorium intybus) experimental fields just before harvest. they were homogenized, mixed and stored at constant humidity in a non-heated room. sub-samples of soils were subsequently collected at regular intervals, dried and sieved through a 1.8-mm mesh before dna was extracted. specific primers were then used for the detection of plant dna by hot start pcr. results reve ... | 2002 | 12701409 |
| radar observations of the autumn migration of the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and other moths in northern china. | the autumn return migration of the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua hübner and other insects in northern china was observed with radar and with a simultaneously-operated searchlight trap and ground light-trap at a site in langfang, near beijing. the searchlight trap was found to be an efficient tool for trapping migrants and, operated alongside a ground light-trap, could distinguish migrant from locally-flying species. it was confirmed that s. exigua and some other species were high-altitude noct ... | 2003 | 12699532 |
| [polymer coatings with immobilized thrombin and peptides: preparation and use for wound healing]. | polymer dressings with encapsulated thrombin or synthetic peptides which can mimic thrombin action are employed for wound healing. paper describes the method for preparation of these hydrogel composites of pvcl-caalg [poly(n-vinyl caprolactam-calcium alginate). the effect of encapsulated thrombin/peptides on tissue repair process have beet investigatat in vivo experiments using a mouse model of wound healing. the developed dressings accelerated wound healing: thascan be used as a basis for creat ... | 2002 | 12698556 |
| stable carbon isotopic composition of the wine and co2 bubbles of sparkling wines: detecting c4 sugar additions. | sparkling wines have become a popular beverage in recent years, and the production of these wines is subject to adulteration during fermentation. this study investigated the stable carbon isotopic composition (expressed as delta(13)c) of the wine and of the co(2) bubbles produced during the second fermentation for a number of sparkling wines produced in different countries around the world. carbon isotope ratio analyses were used to estimate the addition of sugar obtained from c(4) plants (sugar ... | 2003 | 12696948 |
| a simplified whole mount in situ hybridization protocol using dig-labelled dna probes to visualize gene activity in heterodera schachtii. | information concerning gene expression during the nematode's life cycle is rapidly accumulating as a result of different screening approaches. in the majority of the cases, the initial characterization of these genes involves determination of their temporal and tissue-specific expression patterns. this preliminary insight into the characteristics of newly isolated genes allows the formulation of a hypothesis and sets the course for further research. here, we present an optimised method to visual ... | 2002 | 12696437 |
| soil persistence of 4-hppd-inhibitors in different soil types. | in field experiments carried out during the 1997-2001 period on four different soil types (sand, sandy loam, heavy sandy loam and clay) in flanders (belgium), the persistence of the three 4-hppd inhibiting maize herbicides mesotrione (100 and 150 g ha-1), sulcotrione (300 and 450 g ha-1) and isoxaflutole (75 and 125 g ha-1) was studied. therefore, soil samples were taken at regular intervals from application in spring and frozen. when all samples had been taken, greenhouse bioassays were set up ... | 2002 | 12696405 |
| [effects of mating experience and temperature on sex pheromone production of beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua]. | mating experience could not affect the production of sex pheromone in the female glands 24 h later, which meant that the beet armyworm females might call and mate again in next scotophase. this result explained the phenomenon why the beet armyworm could mate several times in their life under field conditions. on the contrary, ambient temperature greatly influenced the pheromone biosynthesis in the beet armyworm females. the optimal temperature for the biosynthesis of sex pheromone was between 15 ... | 2002 | 12682971 |
| derepression of galactose metabolism in melibiase producing bakers' and distillers' yeast. | beet molasses is widely used as a growth substrate for bakers' and distillers' yeast in the production of biomass and ethanol. most commercial yeasts do not fully utilise the carbohydrates in molasses since they are incapable of hydrolysing the disaccharide melibiose to glucose and galactose. also, expression of genes encoding enzymes for the utilisation of carbon sources that are alternatives to glucose is tightly regulated, sometimes rates of yeast growth and/or ethanol production. the gal gen ... | 1999 | 12680392 |
| multiplex reverse transcription-pcr for simultaneous detection of beet necrotic yellow vein virus, beet soilborne virus, and beet virus q and their vector polymyxa betae keskin on sugar beet. | three soilborne viruses transmitted by polymyxa betae keskin in sugar beet have been described: beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv), the agent of rhizomania, beet soilborne virus (bsbv), and beet virus q (bvq). a multiplex reverse transcription-pcr technique was developed to simultaneously detect bnyvv, bsbv, and bvq, together with their vector, p. betae. the detection threshold of the test was up to 128 times greater than that of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. systematic association ... | 2003 | 12676720 |
| high production system of the antibacterial peptide plg-1. | propionibacterium thoenii p-127 produces and releases to the growth medium antibacterial agents that can be used as natural preservatives. the concentrations of these antibacterial agents in the growth medium are very low, and their activity can be detected only in concentrated medium, even in a bioreactor. a simple and efficient system to produce propionicin plg-1 without the use of a bioreactor was investigated. fermentation in screw-cap bottles without shaking produced antibacterial activity ... | 2003 | 12675584 |
| divergence of satellite dna and interspersion of dispersed repeats in the genome of the wild beet beta procumbens. | several repetitive sequences of the genome of beta procumbens chr. sm., a wild beet species of the section procumbentes of the genus beta have been isolated. according to their genomic organization, the repeats were assigned to satellite dna and families of dispersed dna sequences. the tandem repeats are 229-246 bp long and belong to an alui restriction satellite designated pap11. monomers of this satellite dna form subfamilies which can be distinguished by the divergence or methylation of an in ... | 2003 | 12675302 |
| genetic profiling of noncultivated bacteria from the rhizospheres of sugar beet (beta vulgaris) reveal field and annual variability but no effect of a transgenic herbicide resistance. | in this field study, we compared the bacterial communities inhabiting the rhizosphere of a transgenic, herbicide-resistant sugar beet (beta vulgaris) cultivar with those of its nonengineered counterpart, using a genetic profiling technique based on pcr amplifications of partial 16s rrna gene sequences and single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp). as a control for the plasticity of the bacterial community, we also analyzed the influence of herbicides, the field heterogeneity, and the annual ... | 2003 | 12674342 |
| metagenomes of complex microbial consortia derived from different soils as sources for novel genes conferring formation of carbonyls from short-chain polyols on escherichia coli. | metagenomic dna libraries from three different soil samples (meadow, sugar beet field, cropland) were constructed. the three unamplified libraries comprised approximately 1267000 independent clones and harbored approximately 4.05 gbp of environmental dna. approximately 300000 recombinant escherichia coli strains of each library per test substrate were screened for the production of carbonyls from short-chain (c2 to c4) polyols such as 1,2-ethanediol, 2,3-butanediol, and a mixture of glycerol and ... | 2003 | 12673061 |
| comparative potencies of nutraceuticals in chemically induced skin tumor prevention. | four nutraceuticals, sugar beet roots, cucumber fruits, new zealand spinach leaves, and turmeric rhizomes, were evaluated for their comparative effectiveness against dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba)-initiated and croton oil-promoted skin tumors. three different protocols were used. the most effective protocol (protocol 2) is the topical application of the nutraceuticals 1 h before croton oil. there was a decrease in the percent skin tumor incidence, a decrease in multiplicity of skin tumors, and ... | 2002 | 12672643 |
| polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of vegetables under fresh and frozen conditions. | the phenolic and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac) values have been measured in six fresh and frozen vegetables (beet green, spinach, broccoli, carrot, onion, and celery) from the same cultivar by analyzing the whole juice (wj) and the acetonic extract of the squeezed pulp. to exploit the effect of the acid environment on the stability and recovery of the phenolics, perchloric acid (pca) was added directly to wj and to the pulp before the extraction with acetone. in both fresh and frozen ... | 2003 | 12670160 |
| isolation and linkage analysis of expressed disease-resistance gene analogues of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.). | sequence conservation among resistance genes (r genes) was exploited to identify 47 r gene analogues (rgas) from sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.). using degenerate primers, 11 rgas were amplified from genomic dna and 7 from leaf or beet cdna. twenty-nine were selected from an est sequencing program. twenty-one rgas contained structures similar to the nucleotide binding site (nbs)--leucine rich repeat (lrr) domain, a motif commonly found in several r genes. among the remaining rgas, 19 revealed simi ... | 2003 | 12669798 |
| new polygalacturonases from trichoderma reesei: characterization and their specificities to partially methylated and acetylated pectins. | two extracellular isoenzymes of polygalacturonases pg1 and pg2 were isolated from 3-day-old culture filtrates of trichoderma reesei. the two enzymes were purified to homogeneity by ion-exchange, gel filtration and hydrophobic interaction chromatographies. pg1 and pg2 exhibit similar molecular weights from gel filtration and sds-page. their properties, including optimal ph and temperature, thermal stability and km were compared. characterization of substrate specificity showed that the two enzyme ... | 2003 | 12668107 |
| mechanisms of cr(iii) and cr(vi) removal from aqueous solutions by sugar beet pulp. | the removal of three- and hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions using sugar beet pulp as biosorbent substratewas performed. the kinetics of cr(iii) and cr(vi) removal were studied at 20.0 +/- 0.5 degrees c and under various experimental conditions. the cr(iii) ions were adsorbed onto the biosorbent by ion-exchange mechanism with ca2+ cations. the influence of solution ph was found to greatly affect the adsorption efficiency of cr(vi). cr(vi) removal was largely involved in a reduction mecha ... | 2003 | 12666794 |
| antisense inhibition of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase e1alpha subunit in anther tapetum causes male sterility. | we hypothesized that cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) in sugar beet may be the consequence of mitochondrial dysfunctions affecting normal anther development. to test the hypothesis, we attempted to mimic the sugar beet cms phenotype by inhibiting the expression of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (pdh), which is essential for the operation of the tricarboxylic acid (tca) cycle. screening with a cdna library of sugar beet flower buds allowed the identification of two pdh e1alpha subunit genes ... | 2003 | 12662309 |
| synergistic interactions between volicitin, jasmonic acid and ethylene mediate insect-induced volatile emission in zea mays. | plants display differential responses following mechanical damage and insect herbivory. both caterpillar attack and the application of caterpillar oral secretions (os) to wounded leaves stimulates volatile emission above mechanical damage alone. volicitin (n-17-hydroxylinolenoyl-l-glutamine), present in beet armyworm (baw, spodoptera exigua) os, is a powerful elicitor of volatiles in excised maize seedlings (zea mays cv. delprim). we consider some of the mechanistic differences between wounding ... | 2003 | 12654041 |
| detection of sugar syrups in apple juice by delta(2)h per thousand and delta(13)c per thousand analysis of hexamethylenetetramine prepared from fructose. | an improved procedure for determining (13)c and (2)h isotope ratios, using gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (gc-irms), has been developed for identifying the addition of low cost commercial sugar syrups to apple juices and related products. isotopic techniques are commonly used to identify the addition of low cost sugars to fruit juices and are difficult to circumvent as it is not economically viable to change the isotopic ratios of the sugars. the procedure utilizes the deriva ... | 2003 | 12643633 |
| effects of adding fiber sources to reduced-crude protein, amino acid-supplemented diets on nitrogen excretion, growth performance, and carcass traits of finishing pigs. | two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of adding fiber sources to reduced-crude protein (cp), amino acid-supplemented diets on n excretion, growth performance, and carcass traits of growing-finishing pigs. in exp. 1, six sets of four littermate barrows (initial weight = 36.3 kg) were allotted randomly to four dietary treatments to determine n balance and slurry composition. dietary treatments were: 1) fortified corn-soybean meal, control, 2) as fortified corn-soybean meal with cp ... | 2003 | 12643494 |
| providence virus: a new member of the tetraviridae that infects cultured insect cells. | we identified a new member of the tetraviridae, providence virus (prv), persistently infecting a midgut cell line derived from the corn earworm (helicoverpa zea). virus purified from these cells also productively infected a h. zea fat body cell line, and a cell line from whole embryos of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. prv is thus the first tetravirus shown to replicate in cell culture. prv virions are isometric particles composed of two structural proteins (60 and 7.4 kda) that encapsidat ... | 2003 | 12642108 |
| suppressor of rna silencing encoded by beet yellows virus. | using an agrobacterium-mediated transient assay, we screened the 15.5-kb genome of the beet yellows virus for proteins with rna silencing suppressor activity. among eight proteins tested, only a 21-kda protein (p21) was able to suppress double-stranded (ds) rna-induced silencing of the green fluorescent protein (gfp) mrna. restoration of gfp expression by p21 under these conditions had no apparent effect on accumulation of the small interfering rnas. in addition, p21 elevated the transient expre ... | 2003 | 12642093 |
| a novel approach to the use of genetically modified herbicide tolerant crops for environmental benefit. | the proposed introduction of genetically modified herbicide tolerant (gmht) crops, with claims of improved weed control, has prompted fears about possible environmental impacts of their widespread adoption, particularly on arable weeds, insects and associated farmland birds. in response to this, we have developed a novel weed-management system for gmht sugar beet, based on band spraying, which exploits the flexibility offered by the broad-spectrum partner herbicides. here, we show the results fr ... | 2003 | 12639311 |
| [topical pectins for the treatment of burn wounds]. | the results of the burned wounds treatment with 1-2% solution of apple or beet pectins were analysed. the control results were examined at the same patients with symmetrical wounds treated by chlorhexidine, levomecol, furacillin liniment. clinical evaluation demonstrated good tolerability of the treatment regime, absence of side effects and complications, inhibition of inflammation, acceleration of epithelisation of the burns ii-iiia class, allowed to diminish the preliminary period before autod ... | 2002 | 12619514 |
| distillery effluent effect on seed germination, early seedling growth and pigment content of sugarbeet (beta vulgaris linn. var. mezzanau-poly). | bioassay studies were carried out to assess the toxicity of distillery effluent on seed germination, seedling growth and pigment contents. higher concentrations (> 5%) of effluent were found to be toxic but however, can be used for irrigational purpose after proper dilution. | 2002 | 12617322 |
| arabidopsis gene expression changes during cyst nematode parasitism revealed by statistical analyses of microarray expression profiles. | with the availability of microarray technology, the expression profiles of thousands of genes can be monitored simultaneously to help determine the mechanisms of these biological processes. we conducted affymetrix genechip microarray analyses of the arabidopsis-cyst nematode interaction and employed a statistical procedure to analyze the resultant data, which allowed us to identify significant gene expression changes. quantitative real-time rt-pcr assays were used to confirm the microarray analy ... | 2003 | 12609032 |
| [the influence of vegetable biologically active food additives on men's health]. | the young people of draft age often have breach of a the dietary, that guite often is accompanied by decrease resistance and adaptation of opportunities. application vegetative bas to food (the beet with selderej) separately or especially together with liquid biphidiumbacterin gives good therapeutic effect. | 2002 | 12599995 |
| effects of dietary fermentable carbohydrates on behavior and heat production in group-housed sows. | the effects of dietary nonstarch polysaccharides (nsp) on behavior and heat production in group-housed sows were studied. twelve groups of six nonpregnant sows were fed one of four experimental diets that were similar in composition except for starch and nsp contents. exchanging sugar beet pulp silage (sbps) for tapioca created the difference in dietary starch and nsp ratio. on a dry matter (dm) basis, diets contained 0, 10, 20, or 30% sbps. sows were group-housed. intake of fermentable nsp (fns ... | 2003 | 12597389 |
| variability of cathodic peroxidases in sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) cultivars. | eighteen varieties of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.), originating from various european countries, were compared in respect of peroxidase variability level. they were cultivated in the same experimental plot. the cultivars differed in ploidy level: one variety was tetraploid, three were diploid and 14 varieties were triploid. the cathodic peroxidase system is controlled by four independent genes, of which only one is polymorphic. consequently, the varieties were characterised by frequencies of 3 ... | 2003 | 12590181 |
| identification and exploitation of novel disease resistance genes in sugar beet. | sugar beet is a valuable arable crop providing a large proportion of world sugar supplies. it is susceptible to a range of fungal and viral diseases, to most of which there is inadequate genetic resistance. control instead relies largely on the use of pesticides. to increase the sustainability of sugar-beet cultivation, strong and durable genetic resistance is urgently needed. this review describes an iacr-broom's barn programme devoted to evaluating beta germplasm for novel resistance to major ... | 2003 | 12587876 |
| effects of point mutations in the major capsid protein of beet western yellows virus on capsid formation, virus accumulation, and aphid transmission. | point mutations were introduced into the major capsid protein (p3) of cloned infectious cdna of the polerovirus beet western yellows virus (bwyv) by manipulation of cloned infectious cdna. seven mutations targeted sites on the s domain predicted to lie on the capsid surface. an eighth mutation eliminated two arginine residues in the r domain, which is thought to extend into the capsid interior. the effects of the mutations on virus capsid formation, virus accumulation in protoplasts and plants, ... | 2003 | 12584348 |
| multitasking in replication is common among geminiviruses. | geminiviruses package single-stranded circular dna and replicate via double-stranded dna intermediates. during the past decade, increasing evidence has led to the general acceptance that their replication follows a rolling-circle replication mechanism like bacteriophages with single-stranded dna. in a recent study, we showed that this is also true for abutilon mosaic geminivirus (abmv), but that this particular virus may also use a recombination-dependent replication (rdr) route in analogy to t4 ... | 2003 | 12584322 |
| leader proteinase of beet yellows virus functions in long-distance transport. | the 66-kda leader proteinase (l-pro) of the beet yellows virus (byv) possesses a nonconserved n-terminal domain and a conserved, papain-like c-terminal domain. previous work revealed that the n-terminal domain functions in rna amplification, whereas the c-terminal domain is required for autoproteolysis. alanine-scanning mutagenesis was applied to complete the functional analysis of l-pro throughout the virus life cycle. this analysis indicated that the c-terminal domain of l-pro, in addition to ... | 2003 | 12584307 |
| the sugar beet mitochondrial nad4 gene: an intron loss and its phylogenetic implication in the caryophyllales. | the sugar beet mitochondrial gene for subunit iv of nadh dehydrogenase ( nad4) has been characterized. unlike the corresponding genes in wheat and turnip, sugar beet nad4 lacks the second intron ( nad4-i2). northern-blot analysis demonstrates transcription of the gene. a total of 19 rna editing sites were identified in the sugar beet nad4 transcripts; interestingly, there is no editing in the region which flanks the lost intron. this observation is in favour of intron loss via homologous recombi ... | 2002 | 12582688 |
| crop-weed interactions in the beta vulgaris complex at a local scale: allelic diversity and gene flow within sugar beet fields. | crop-wild hybrids and weed beets are the main source of agronomic concern for sugar beet production all over europe. in order to understand the dynamics of crop-wild interactions and the evolution of weediness in beta vulgaris, we investigated genetic features of bolting individuals occurring at a local scale, i.e. within two sugar beet fields of the french northern area of sugar beet production. by analysing ploidy level, mitochondrial dna and microsatellite polymorphism, the genetic diversity ... | 2002 | 12582675 |
| mapping qtls for sucrose content, yield and quality in a sugar beet population fingerprinted by est-related markers. | seventy five expressed sequence tags (ests) that are associated with functions in carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism were genotyped in 108 plants of an f2 population of sugar beet ( beta vulgaris l.) segregating for sugar quality and yield parameters. supplemented by known rflp and aflp markers, the resulting map spans 446 cm of the 758-mbp genome of sugar beet. f3 test-cross plants were analysed for corrected sugar yield, beet yield, ion balance and the content of sugar, amino nitrogen, potas ... | 2002 | 12582619 |
| high-resolution mapping of the bolting gene b of sugar beet. | sugar beet ( beta vulgaris l.) is a biennial species. shoot elongation (bolting) starts after a period of low temperature. the dominant allele of locus b causes early bolting without cold treatment. this allele is abundant in wild beets whereas cultivated beets carry the recessive allele. fifteen aflp markers, tightly linked to the bolting locus, have been identified using bulked segregant analysis. the f(2)-population consisted of 2,134 individuals derived after selfing a single f(1)-plant ( bb ... | 2002 | 12582567 |
| using seed purity data to estimate an average pollen mediated gene flow from crops to wild relatives. | gene flow from crops to wild related species has been recently under focus in risk-assessment studies of the ecological consequences of growing transgenic crops. however, experimental studies addressing this question are usually temporally or spatially limited. indirect population-structure approaches can provide more global estimates of gene flow, but their assumptions appear inappropriate in an agricultural context. in an attempt to help the committees providing advice on the release of transg ... | 2002 | 12579439 |
| the use of rapd analysis of sugar-beet mitochondrial dna in search of cms genes. | 2016 | 12577632 | |
| surface motility in pseudomonas sp. dss73 is required for efficient biological containment of the root-pathogenic microfungi rhizoctonia solani and pythium ultimum. | pseudomonas sp. dss73 was isolated from the rhizoplane of sugar beet seedlings. this strain exhibits antagonism towards the root-pathogenic microfungi pythium ultimum and rhizoctonia solani. production of the cyclic lipopeptide amphisin in combination with expression of flagella enables the growing bacterial culture to move readily over the surface of laboratory media. amphisin is a new member of a group of dual-functioning compounds such as tensin, viscosin and viscosinamid that display both bi ... | 2003 | 12576578 |
| production of cyclic lipopeptides by pseudomonas fluorescens strains in bulk soil and in the sugar beet rhizosphere. | the production of cyclic lipopeptides (clps) with antifungal and biosurfactant properties by pseudomonas fluorescens strains was investigated in bulk soil and in the sugar beet rhizosphere. purified clps (viscosinamide, tensin, and amphisin) were first shown to remain highly stable and extractable (90%) when applied (ca. 5 microg g(-1)) to sterile soil, whereas all three compounds were degraded over 1 to 3 weeks in nonsterile soil. when a whole-cell inoculum of p. fluorescens strain dr54 contain ... | 2003 | 12571005 |
| quantitative relationships between induced jasmonic acid levels and volatile emission in zea mays during spodoptera exigua herbivory. | jasmonic acid (ja) has long been hypothesized to be an important regulator of insect-induced volatile emission; however, current models are based primarily on circumstantial evidence derived from pharmacological studies. using beet armyworm caterpillars (baw: spodoptera exigua) and intact corn seedlings, we examine this hypothesis by measuring both the time-course of insect-induced ja levels and the relationships between endogenous ja levels, ethylene, indole and sesquiterpenes. in separate morn ... | 2003 | 12569409 |
| biosynthetic origin of geosmin in red beets (beta vulgaris l.). | geosmin provides the characteristic but sometimes undesirable "earthy" flavor to red table beets. to date, it is not known whether geosmin is a byproduct of beet metabolism or synthesized by soil-borne microorganisms and taken up by the beets during maturation. analysis of mature beet roots revealed that peels contained 6 times the amount of geosmin compared to the bodies and cores. sterilized beet seeds were aseptically grown in a basal medium prior to analysis for the presence of geosmin. usin ... | 2003 | 12568567 |
| quantitative determination of geosmin in red beets (beta vulgaris l.) using headspace solid-phase microextraction. | an improved analytical method for the determination of geosmin in red beets was developed using headspace solid-phase microextraction (hspme). volatiles of beet juice were extracted in headspace for 2 h using a polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene fiber, thermally desorbed from the fiber, and analyzed by gas chromatography. the hspme method was determined to be suitable for geosmin analysis as evidenced by high relative recovery (99.2%), low relative standard deviation (7.48%), and reasonable det ... | 2003 | 12568566 |
| effect of diet and gnrh administration on post-partum ovarian cyclicity in autumn-lambing ewes. | using autumn-lambing ewes, this study investigated (i) the effects of diet on gonadotrophin secretion and responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis to exogenous gnrh during the early post-partum period; and (ii) whether ovulation prior to completion of uterine involution results in an increased incidence of aberrant ovarian cycles. thirty-two ewes rearing 1.9+/-0.12 lambs were equally allocated to two dietary treatments at lambing (22 october +/-0.2 day). diets comprised ad libit ... | 2003 | 12559721 |
| feed intake of young double-muscled bulls fed on grass and supplemented with sugar-beet pulp. | daily dry matter intake in young growing double-muscled bulls, fed indoors on grass, was estimated based on forty-four intake data from 28 animals, ageing at least five months and weighing up to 400 kg live weight. intake was measured during five consecutive days using one of eighteen cuts of grass. fresh meadow grass (mainly lolium perenne) was fed ad libitum and two kg dried sugar-beet pulp was offered per animal and per day. animal live weight averaged 278 +/- 82 kg and mean total daily dry m ... | 2002 | 12556046 |
| potassium-selective channel in the red beet vacuolar membrane. | in higher plants the vacuolar k(+)-selective (vk) channel was identified solely in guard cells. this patch-clamp study describes a 40 ps homologue of the vk channel in beta vulgaris taproot vacuoles. this voltage-independent channel is activated by submicromolar ca(2+), and is ideally selective for k(+) over cl(-) and na(+). | 2003 | 12554709 |
| the 64-kilodalton capsid protein homolog of beet yellows virus is required for assembly of virion tails. | the filamentous virion of the closterovirus beet yellows virus (byv) consists of a long body formed by the major capsid protein (cp) and a short tail composed of the minor capsid protein (cpm) and the virus-encoded hsp70 homolog. by using nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and biochemical analyses, we show here that the byv 64-kda protein (p64) is the fourth integral component of byv virions. the n-terminal domain of p64 is exposed at the virion surface and is accessible to anti ... | 0 | 12551975 |
| regulation of the fast vacuolar channel by cytosolic and vacuolar potassium. | at resting cytosolic ca(2)(+), passive k(+) conductance of a higher plant tonoplast is likely dominated by fast vacuolar (fv) channels. this patch-clamp study describes k(+)-sensing behavior of fv channels in beta vulgaris taproot vacuoles. variation of k(+) between 10 and 400 mm had little effect on the fv channel conductance, but a pronounced one on the open probability. shift of the voltage dependence by cytosolic k(+) could be explained by screening of the negative surface charge with a dens ... | 2003 | 12547779 |
| chemoprevention of dmba-induced uv-b promoted, nor-1-induced tpa promoted skin carcinogenesis, and den-induced phenobarbital promoted liver tumors in mice by extract of beetroot. | our previous studies identified the extract of beta vulgaris (beetroot), commercially also known as betanin, as a potent cancer chemopreventive agent in both in vitro epstein-barr early antigen activation assay and in an in vivo two-stage mouse lung and skin carcinogenesis. to explore this issue further, we have now investigated its cancer chemopreventive potentials in three different chemical carcinogen initiation-promotion experimental tumor models in mice. following tumor initiation with 390 ... | 2003 | 12543062 |
| effects of dietary protein and fermentable fiber on nitrogen excretion patterns and plasma urea in grower pigs. | effects of dietary protein concentration (high, 18.5; low, 15.7%) and fermentable fiber (control; soyhulls, sh; and sugar beet pulp, sbp) on n excretion patterns and plasma urea were tested in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement. the objectives were: 1) to determine if reduced dietary protein together with fermentable fiber would reduce urinary n excretion further than a single diet manipulation, 2) to determine if effects of diet manipulations were similar between pigs with restricted and free access ... | 2002 | 12542166 |
| expression of bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) synthesis genes in hairy roots of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.). | three genes from ralstonia eutropha necessary for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (phb) synthesis were introduced into the hairy roots of sugar beet. transformation of a vector construct harbouring the phb genes, each fused to the coding region of the pea ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase plastid targeting sequence, resulted in 20 transgenic hairy-root clones, producing up to 55 mg high molecular phb/g dry weight, as identified by gas chromatography, gel permeation chromatography and hplc. accumulation ... | 2003 | 12536258 |
| the ability of betaine to reduce the irritating effects of detergents assessed visually, histologically and by bioengineering methods. | a novel approach for reducing the undesired irritating properties of detergents on skin might be offered by betaine, which is a natural product derived from the sugar beet. the aim of the study was to explore the ability of betaine to reduce the irritating effects of two surfactants, sodium lauryl sulphate (sls) and cocoamidopropylbetaine (capb). for evaluation of changes in skin reactions visual scoring, electrical impedance, transepidermal water loss and histology were used. | 2003 | 12535285 |
| adaptation to the digestion of nutrients of a starch diet or a non-starch polysaccharide diet in group-housed pregnant sows. | a trial was conducted with twenty group-housed pregnant sows to study the adaptation in nutrient digestibility to a starch-rich diet or a diet with a high level of fermentable non-starch polysaccharides (nsp) during a time period of 6 weeks. the starch-rich diet was primarily composed of wheat, peas and tapioca, whereas soya bean hulls and sugar beet pulp, which both are highly fermentable nsp sources, were used to formulate the nsp-rich diet. the starch-rich diet and the nsp-rich diet were form ... | 2002 | 12534834 |
| the companion cell-specific arabidopsis disaccharide carrier atsuc2 is expressed in nematode-induced syncytia. | cyst nematodes induce a metabolically highly active syncytial cell complex in host roots. the syncytia are symplastically isolated. because they form a strong sink, assimilates must be imported via the apoplast, thus suggesting that specific membrane-bound sugar transport proteins are expressed and activated. to identify possible candidate genes, transgenic arabidopsis plants expressing different reporter genes under the control of different promoters from arabidopsis sugar transporter genes wer ... | 2003 | 12529515 |
| a host-specific bacteria-to-plant signal molecule (nod factor) enhances germination and early growth of diverse crop plants. | lipo-chitooligosaccharides (lcos), or nod factors, are host-specific bacteria-to-plant signal molecules essential for the establishment of a successful n(2)-fixing legume-rhizobia symbiosis. at submicromolar concentrations nod factors induce physiological changes in host and non-host plants. here we show that the nod factor nod bj v(c18:1,mefuc) of bradyrhizobium japonicum 532c enhances germination of a variety of economically important plants belonging to diverse botanical families: zea mays, o ... | 2003 | 12520335 |
| effects of chard (beta vulgaris l. var. cicla) extract on oxidative injury in the aorta and heart of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. | in diabetes mellitus, increased free radical formation raises the incidence of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. regardless of the type of diabetes, the objective of the therapy is to achieve normoglycemia and to prevent or delay the complications. chard (beta vulgaris l. var. cicla) is used as a hypoglycemic agent by diabetic patients in turkey. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding chard on diabetes-induced free radical-mediated injury in rat aorta and heart ... | 2002 | 12511111 |
| the mobile bag technique as a method for determining the degradation of four botanically diverse fibrous feedstuffs in the small intestine and total digestive tract of ponies. | an in sacco mobile bag technique was used to determine the rate and extent of disappearance of unmolassed sugar-beet pulp, soyabean hulls, hay cubes and an oat hull-naked oats mixture (67:33, w/w) in the foregut and total digestive tract of ponies. ponies were administered naso-gastrically polyester mesh bags containing 350 mg feed, in a latin square design. bags were collected at the ileo-caecal junction (small intestine bag, sib) and in the faeces (faecal bag, fb) and their residues analysed f ... | 2002 | 12493095 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of beet black scorch virus (bbsv), a new member of the genus necrovirus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of beet black scorch virus (bbsv) was determined. the bbsv genome is composed of 3641 nucleotides and has similar organization with tobacco necrosis virus d of 61% nucleotide identity. the 5'-proximal open reading frame (orf) encodes a putative 23 kda protein and a 82 kda protein by reading-through of an amber termination codon. three small orfs located in the center of the genome may encode for a 4.2 kda protein and two 7 kda proteins. the 3'-proximal orf encode ... | 2002 | 12491108 |
| modulation of cd8+ intraepithelial lymphocyte distribution by dietary fiber in the rat large intestine. | we studied whether ingestion of dietary fiber modifies the distribution of intraepithelial lymphocytes (iel) in a physiological condition. male wkah rats were fed diets either with fiber (sugar beet fiber or crystalline cellulose, 100 g/kg diet each) or without fiber for 3 weeks. the number of cd8(+), cd4(+), and nkr-p1(+) iel per epithelial layer in the crypt section of the cecum, proximal colon, and distal colon were scored by immunohistochemical staining. we found that the proportion of cd8(+ ... | 2002 | 12486212 |
| swiss chard: a salad crop for the space program. | salad greens will be among the first crops grown on lunar or planetary space stations. swiss chard (beta vulgaris l.) is an important candidate salad crop because it is high yielding and rich in vitamins and minerals. five swiss chard cultivars were grown in the greenhouse under two light levels for 13 weeks to compare cumulative yields from weekly harvests, mineral composition, and to evaluate sensory attributes as a salad green. the varieties large white ribbed (lwr) and lucullus (luc) were th ... | 2002 | 12481809 |
| construction of a 'unigene' cdna clone set by oligonucleotide fingerprinting allows access to 25 000 potential sugar beet genes. | access to the complete gene inventory of an organism is crucial to understanding physiological processes like development, differentiation, pathogenesis, or adaptation to the environment. transcripts from many active genes are present at low copy numbers. therefore, procedures that rely on random est sequencing or on normalisation and subtraction methods have to produce massively redundant data to get access to low-abundance genes. here, we present an improved oligonucleotide fingerprinting (ofp ... | 2002 | 12472698 |
| the complete sequence of the rice (oryza sativa l.) mitochondrial genome: frequent dna sequence acquisition and loss during the evolution of flowering plants. | the entire mitochondrial genome of rice (oryza sativa l.), a monocot plant, has been sequenced. it was found to comprise 490,520 bp, with an average g+c content of 43.8%. three rrna genes, 17 trna genes and five pseudo trna sequences were identified. in addition, eleven ribosomal protein genes and two pseudo ribosomal protein genes were found, which are homologous to 13 of the 16 genes for ribosomal proteins in the mitochondrial genome of the liverwort (marchantia polymorpha). a greater degree o ... | 2002 | 12471441 |
| mapping the probability of exceeding critical thresholds for cadmium concentrations in soils in the netherlands. | the probability of exceeding critical thresholds of cd concentrations in the soil was mapped at a national scale. the critical thresholds in soil were based on food quality criteria for cd in crops or in organs of cattle (bos taurus), and were calculated by inverting a regression model for the cd concentration in the crop, with the cd concentration in soil, soil organic matter (som) content, clay content, and ph as predictors. the probability of exceeding the critical threshold for cd in soil pe ... | 2002 | 12469837 |
| the effects of chard (beta vulgaris l. var. cicla) extract on the kidney tissue, serum urea and creatinine levels of diabetic rats. | the aim of this work was to investigate the effects of chard (beta vulgaris l. var. cicla) extract on serum urea and creatinine concentrations and on kidney tissue in normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats. the extract was administered to rats at a dose of 2 g/kg every day for 28 days, 14 days after animals were made diabetic. on day 42, kidney tissue and blood samples were examined. significant degenerative changes in kidney tissue of diabetic rats were observed, but in the group given chard e ... | 2002 | 12458482 |
| protection by beverages, fruits, vegetables, herbs, and flavonoids against genotoxicity of 2-acetylaminofluorene and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (phip) in metabolically competent v79 cells. | chinese hamster lung fibroblasts, genetically engineered for the expression of rat cytochrome p450 dependent monooxygenase 1a2 and rat sulfotransferase 1c1 (v79-rcyp1a2-rsult1c1 cells), were utilized to check for possible protective effects of beverages of plant origin, fruits, vegetables, and spices against genotoxicity induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene (aaf) or 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (phip). antigenotoxic activities of juices from spinach and red beets against aaf could ... | 2002 | 12438004 |
| a non-modular type b feruloyl esterase from neurospora crassa exhibits concentration-dependent substrate inhibition. | feruloyl esterases, a subclass of the carboxylic acid esterases (ec 3.1.1.1), are able to hydrolyse the ester bond between the hydroxycinnamic acids and sugars present in the plant cell wall. the enzymes have been classified as type a or type b, based on their substrate specificity for aromatic moieties. we show that neurospora crassa has the ability to produce multiple ferulic acid esterase activities depending upon the length of fermentation with either sugar beet pulp or wheat bran substrates ... | 2003 | 12435269 |
| alternate energy-dependent pathways for the vacuolar uptake of glucose and glutathione conjugates. | through the development and application of a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based procedure for measuring the transport of complex organic molecules by vacuolar membrane vesicles in vitro, it is shown that the mechanism of uptake of sulfonylurea herbicides is determined by the ligand, glucose, or glutathione, to which the herbicide is conjugated. atp-dependent accumulation of glucosylated chlorsulfuron by vacuolar membrane vesicles purified from red beet (beta vulgaris) storage root app ... | 2002 | 12428021 |
| analysis of nematode-responsive promoters in sugar beet hairy roots. | one of the strategies to make crops resistant to the beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii is the destruction of the feeding site or syncytium. this can be achieved by local expression of the cytotoxic barnase gene under control of a nematode-inducible plant promoter that is active in the syncytium. expression of barnase outside the feeding site has to be neutralized by its inhibitor barstar driven from a constitutive promoter that is downregulated in the syncytium. several promoters that are ... | 2001 | 12425082 |
| the beet soilborne pomovirus in belgium and relationship with rhizomania. | the objective of this study was to determine the extend of the beet soilborne pomovirus (bsbv) and the beet virus q in sugar beet fields in belgium. during the 2000 sugar beet growing season, more than 80 fields located in belgium were investigated for the presence of the beet necrotic yellow vein benyvirus (bnyvv), the bsbv and polymyxa betae, the plasmodiophorid vector of both viruses. fields investigated were identified either using previous recorded data or by visual identification of yellow ... | 2001 | 12425019 |
| characterisation of pectin subunits released by an optimised combination of enzymes. | pectins from sugar beet, lime and apple were degraded by a rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase associated or not with pectin methylesterases and side chain degrading enzymes (galactanase and arabinanase). the composition of the enzymatic mixture was optimised by following the reaction by viscosimetric means. the reaction products were fractionated by ion exchange chromatography. treatment with all the enzymes released four fractions: (1). 227-247 mg/g of initial pectins and corresponded to neutral suga ... | 2002 | 12423972 |
| plant-cell bioreactors with simultaneous electropermeabilization and electrophoresis. | experimental investigations on using low-level electric currents and voltages to extract, transport, and collect intracellular secondary metabolites from plant cells while maintaining their viabilities were conducted focusing on the production of: (1) ionic betalains, mainly negatively-charged betanin, from beta vulgaris cells, and (2) ionic alkaloids, particularly positively-charged ajmalicine and yohimbine, from catharanthus roseus cells. three versions of tubular membrane reactors in which el ... | 2003 | 12413782 |
| phase ii enzyme-inducing and antioxidant activities of beetroot (beta vulgaris l.) extracts from phenotypes of different pigmentation. | free-radical scavenging, reducing, and phase ii enzyme-inducing activities of aqueous and 5% aqueous ethanol extracts of freeze-dried root tissue of four beet (beta vulgaris l.) strains (red, white, orange, and high-pigment (red) phenotypes) were determined. aqueous and ethanolic tissue extracts of the regular and high-pigment red phenotypes were most capable of inhibiting metmyoglobin/h(2)o(2)-mediated oxidation of 2-2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (abts) and 2,2'-azobis-(2- ... | 2002 | 12405765 |
| effect of molassed sugar beet pulp on nutrient utilisation and metabolic parameters during exercise. | the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of partly replacing oats with molassed sugar beet pulp in a traditional hay/oat diet on nutrient utilisation and metabolic parameters in exercising horses. in a change-over experiment, 4 standardbred geldings were fed a hay and oat-based diet (oat diet) and a hay and oat-based diet where oats was partially replaced with molassed sugar beet pulp (msbp diet). each experimental period was 21 days during which total collection of faeces and urine w ... | 2002 | 12405658 |
| evaluation of atriplex lines for selenium accumulation, salt tolerance and suitability for a key agricultural insect pest. | thirty atriplex lines were examined for potential habitat improvement and phytoremediation of selenium (se) contaminated sites. studies were conducted to determine the biomass production, se accumulation, and resistance of each line to the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, an agriculturally important insect. plants were tested using three salinity treatments: (1) control, no se; (2) nacl and cacl2 salts and 1 mg l(-1) se (12.7 microm) added as sodium selenate; and (3) iso-osmotic to treatment 2 ... | 2002 | 12395860 |
| measuring agricultural sustainability in terms of efficiency: the case of dutch sugar beet growers. | sustainability embraces socio-economic and bio-ecological dimensions or attributes. this paper presents a conceptual framework for quantifying sustainability on the basis of efficiency theory commonly used in economics. the conceptual model is implemented using data envelopment analysis (dea). sustainability is measured for a sample of dutch sugar beet growers. the average technical efficiency was only 50%. a positive correlation was found between technical efficiency and sustainable efficiency. ... | 2002 | 12395583 |
| expression profiling of pectinolytic genes from aspergillus niger. | the expression of 26 pectinolytic genes from aspergillus niger was studied in a wild type strain and a crea derepressed strain, under 16 different growth conditions, to obtain an expression profile for each gene. these expression profiles were then submitted to cluster analysis to identify subsets of genes with similar expression profiles. with the exception of the feruloyl esterase encoding genes, all genes were expressed in the presence of d-galacturonic acid, polygalacturonate, and/or sugar b ... | 2002 | 12387863 |
| the beta-1,4-endogalactanase a gene from aspergillus niger is specifically induced on arabinose and galacturonic acid and plays an important role in the degradation of pectic hairy regions. | the aspergillus nigerbeta-1,4-endogalactanase encoding gene (gala) was cloned and characterized. the expression of gala in a. niger was only detected in the presence of sugar beet pectin, d-galacturonic acid and l-arabinose, suggesting that gala is coregulated with both the pectinolytic genes as well as the arabinanolytic genes. the corresponding enzyme, endogalactanase a (gala), contains both active site residues identified previously for the pseudomonas fluorescensbeta-1,4-endogalactanase. the ... | 2002 | 12383257 |
| fecal inoculum can be used to determine the rate and extent of in vitro fermentation of dietary fiber sources across three lemur species that differ in dietary profile: varecia variegata, eulemur fulvus and hapalemur griseus. | to estimate fermentative capacity among lemur species, four fiber substrates were tested across three species, eulemur fulvus, hapalemur griseus and varecia variegata. the substrates, cellulose, beet pulp, citrus pulp and citrus pectin, ranged in composition from completely insoluble fiber (if) to completely soluble fiber (sf), respectively. the lemurs consumed a nutritionally complete biscuit formulated for primates [85 g/100 g diet dry matter (dm)] and locally available produce (15 g/100 g die ... | 2002 | 12368398 |
| interaction between long-distance transport factor and hsp70-related movement protein of beet yellows virus. | systemic spread of viruses in plants involves local movement from cell to cell and long-distance transport through the vascular system. the cell-to-cell movement of the beet yellows virus (byv) is mediated by a movement protein that is an hsp70 homolog (hsp70h). this protein is required for the assembly of movement-competent virions that incorporate hsp70h. by using the yeast two-hybrid system, in vitro coimmunoprecipitation, and in planta coexpression approaches, we show here that the hsp70h in ... | 2002 | 12368343 |
| phyllobacterium myrsinacearum (subjective synonym phyllobacterium rubiacearum) emend. | the taxonomic relationships between phyllobacterium myrsinacearum lmg 2t2t, phyllobacterium rubiacearum lmg 1t1t and two phyllobacterium strains representing a collection of isolates from sugar-beet roots were investigated by means of fatty acid analysis and dna-dna hybridization. the strains showed very similar fatty acid compositions and more than 96% dna reassociation to each other. on the basis of these results and available data from the literature, it is proposed that p. rubiacearum be cla ... | 2002 | 12361292 |
| subcellular localization and isoenzyme pattern of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in beet root (beta vulgaris l.). | the two enzymes involved in enzymatic browning reactions, polyphenol oxidase (ppo) and peroxidase (po), have been partially purified and extracted from different fractions of beet root. ppo is mainly located in the membrane fraction, and it was also found in the soluble fraction. in both cases ppo was in its latent state. however, po activity was higher in the soluble fraction than in the membrane fraction. nevertheless, the highest values of specific activity for po were obtained from the solub ... | 2002 | 12358490 |
| identification and characterization of a nacl-inducible vacuolar na+/h+ antiporter in beta vulgaris. | we have cloned, by rt-pcr and the use of degenerate oligonucleotide primers, a na+/h+ antiporter from beta vulgaris that is homologous to nhx1 of arabidopsis thaliana and is a member of the family of recently cloned plant nhx-genes. this antiporter, bvnhx1, partially complements the salt-sensitive phenotype of a deltaena1-4deltanhx1 yeast strain. antibodies were raised against a central portion of the bvnhx1 open reading frame that was predicted from the cloned cdna. this antiporter was found to ... | 2002 | 12354197 |
| the provision of drinking water to veal calves for welfare purposes. | growth performance, behavior, physiology, forestomach development, abomasal lesions, and meat quality of veal calves fed a milk-replacer diet (no water) were compared to those obtained from calves fed the same diet and provided with increasing amounts of drinking water (water). two groups of 69 polish friesian calves, balanced according to initial bw, were assigned to two water treatments in a 3 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement that provided solid feed in addition to the milk-replacer diet (no soli ... | 2002 | 12350013 |