Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| generation and characterization of reassortant influenza a viruses propagated in serum-free cultured mdck-sf1 cells. | the replacement of embryonated chicken eggs by tissue culture cells for the production of influenza vaccines is likely to take place in the near future. vaccines have already been produced in madin darby canine kidney (mdck) cells (brands et al, in this issue) and extensively tested in phase iii trials in humans (palache et al, in this issue) and it seems a matter of time before such vaccines will become available. for this reason, the generation of high-growth reassortants of influenza a virus ... | 1999 | 10494961 |
| evaluation of immune responses to inactivated influenza vaccines prepared in embryonated chicken eggs and mdck cells in a mouse model. | this study was initiated with the isolation of influenza a and b viruses from clinical throat swabs in both fertile chicken eggs (egg) and mdck cells, which were used in subsequent vaccine production in the above two hosts. on the basis of haemagglutination-inhibiting (hi) tests, immune mouse sera from mice vaccinated with mdck cell-derived vaccines revealed antigenic similarities among h3n2 or b viruses isolated in mdck cells or eggs. similarly, antiserum prepared by immunization with egg-deriv ... | 1999 | 10494959 |
| influenza a virus outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit. | nosocomial infections with influenza virus are rarely recognized in neonatal intensive care units (nicu). an outbreak of influenza a virus infection in the nicu of an urban county hospital during the 1997 to 1998 influenza season is reported. | 1999 | 10493343 |
| selection of receptor-binding variants of human influenza a and b viruses in baby hamster kidney cells. | cultivation of human influenza viruses in the allantoic cavity of embryonated chicken eggs leads to a selection of receptor-binding variants with amino acid substitutions on the globular head of the hemagglutinin (ha) molecule. such selection can be avoided by growing the human viruses in madin darby canine kidney (mdck) cells. in the present study, we tested whether baby hamster kidney (bhk) cells select receptor-binding mutants of human influenza viruses. after isolating h1n1, h3n2, and type b ... | 1999 | 10489338 |
| [a case of influenza a virus associated encephalopathy with bilateral thalamic hemorrhage]. | a three-year old girl was hospitalized in a semi-conscious state following a febrile convulsion. she did not recover despite treatment and died 16 days after admission. influenza a virus (h3n2) was detected from a throat swab from the patient, and serum hemagglutinin-inhibiting antibodies to the virus elevated from less than 8 to 256. brain ct revealed bilateral thalamic hemorrhage and peripheral low density. subarachnoid hemorrhage was also observed thereafter. based on clinical manifestations ... | 1999 | 10487024 |
| genetic reassortment of avian, swine, and human influenza a viruses in american pigs. | in late summer through early winter of 1998, there were several outbreaks of respiratory disease in the swine herds of north carolina, texas, minnesota, and iowa. four viral isolates from outbreaks in different states were analyzed genetically. genotyping and phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the four swine viruses had emerged through two different pathways. the north carolina isolate is the product of genetic reassortment between h3n2 human and classic swine h1n1 influenza viruses, while ... | 1999 | 10482643 |
| mutation of neuraminidase cysteine residues yields temperature-sensitive influenza viruses. | the influenza virus neuraminidase (na) is a tetrameric, virus surface glycoprotein possessing receptor-destroying activity. this enzyme facilitates viral release and is a target of anti-influenza virus drugs. the na structure has been extensively studied, and the locations of disulfide bonds within the na monomers have been identified. because mutation of cysteine residues in other systems has resulted in temperature-sensitive (ts) proteins, we asked whether mutation of cysteine residues in the ... | 1999 | 10482558 |
| influenza a virus infection modulates the expression of type iv collagenase in epithelial cells. | we investigated the effect of influenza a/beijing/353/89 (h3n2) virus infection on the expression of type iv collagenase in two different types of epithelial cell. depending on the cell line infected, the viral infection caused changes in the expression of type iv collagenase. the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (mmp-9; 92 kda) but not of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (mmp-2; 72 kda) was stimulated in vero cells. in mdck cells, the mmp-2 production increased with the virus infection. accor ... | 1999 | 10481742 |
| antigenic drift of influenza a (h3n2) virus in a persistently infected immunocompromised host is similar to that occurring in the community. | 1999 | 10476769 | |
| human mannan-binding lectin inhibits the infection of influenza a virus without complement. | mannan-binding lectin (mbl) is a c-type serum lectin that is believed to play an important role in innate immunity. it is one of the collectin family, which is characterized by having a collagen-like sequence and a carbohydrate recognition domain. mbl can bind to sugar determinants of several micro-organisms, neutralize them and inhibit infection by complement activation through the lectin pathway and opsonization by collectin receptors. bovine conglutinin and mouse mbl inhibit the infective and ... | 1999 | 10447758 |
| influenza virus subtype cross-reactivities of haemagglutination inhibiting and virus neutralising serum antibodies induced by infection or vaccination with an iscom-based vaccine. | in order to study the levels of cross-reactivity of the influenza virus-specific antibody response upon infection or vaccination, usually hemagglutination inhibition assays are performed. in the present study post-infection ferret sera and serum samples obtained from cynomolgus macaques which were vaccinated with an iscom preparation based on the influenza virus strain a/netherlands/18/94 (h3n2) were analyzed for cross-reactivity in the hemagglutination inhibition assay and in virus neutralizati ... | 1999 | 10418897 |
| risk indicators for the seroprevalence of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, porcine influenza viruses and aujeszky's disease virus in slaughter pigs from fattening pig herds. | epidemiological aspects of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (mh), influenza h1n1 and h3n2 viruses, and aujeszky's disease virus (adv) were investigated in slaughter pigs from 50 fattening pig herds. herd factors as potential risk indicators for respiratory disease were obtained by means of a questionnaire. at slaughter, blood samples were collected from each herd, and the proportion of seropositive pigs per herd was assessed for each of these pathogens. the median herd-level seroprevalence of the agents ... | 1999 | 10416368 |
| effectiveness of live, attenuated intranasal influenza virus vaccine in healthy, working adults: a randomized controlled trial. | influenza virus is a major cause of illness, disruption to daily life, and increased use of health care in all age groups. | 1999 | 10411194 |
| paradoxical response to a novel influenza virus vaccine strain: the effect of prior immunization. | repeated influenza immunization does not appear to adversely affect the serum antibody response to new influenza strains. | 1999 | 10403596 |
| [influenza in 1997]. | the number of cases of influenza and influenza-like illness registered in poland in 1997 amounted to 1,578,494. this number of cases is 41.8% lower when compared with the previous year 1996. the incidence of influenza amounted to 4,084 per 100,000 inhabitants. the number of influenza cases registered in children aged up to 14 years was 557,033. this is 35.6% of total number of cases. the incidence of influenza in this group amounted to 6,828.7 per 100,000 and was 67% higher than total incidence. ... | 1999 | 10402849 |
| synthetic sialylphosphatidylethanolamine derivatives bind to human influenza a viruses and inhibit viral infection. | we synthesized the sialylphosphatidylethanolamine (sialyl pe) derivatives neu5ac-pe, (neu5ac)2-pe, neu5ac-pe (amide) and neu5ac-pe (methyl). we examined the anti-viral effects of the derivatives on human influenza a virus infection by elisa/virus-binding, hemagglutination inhibition, hemolysis inhibition and neutralization assays. the sialyl pe derivatives that we examined bound to a/aichi/2/68, a/singapore/1/57 and a/memphis/1/71 strains of h3n2 subtype, but not to a/pr/8/34 strain of h1n1 subt ... | 1998 | 10386895 |
| effects of egg-adaptation on the receptor-binding properties of human influenza a and b viruses. | propagation of human influenza viruses in embryonated chicken eggs (ce) results in the selection of variants with amino acid substitutions near the receptor-binding site of the hemagglutinin (ha) molecule. to evaluate the mechanisms by which these substitutions enable human virus growth in ce, we studied the binding of 10 human influenza a (h1n1, h3n2) and b strains, isolated and propagated solely in mdck cells, and of their egg-adapted counterparts to preparations of cellular membranes, ganglio ... | 1999 | 10366560 |
| influenza vaccination in heart transplant recipients. | seventy-nine heart transplant recipients were vaccinated with a trivalent influenza virus vaccine 1996/97 containing the strains a/singapore/6/86 (h1n1), a/wuhan/395/95 (h3n2), and b/beijing/184/93. the proportions of patients with protective levels of antibody (hi > or = 40) after vaccination ranged from 100% (a/singapore [h1n1]) to 31.6% (b/beijing) and their mean fold titer increases were lower than those recorded for vaccination of 109 healthy subjects with the same batch of vaccine. the vac ... | 1999 | 10328147 |
| characterization of high-growth reassortant influenza a viruses generated in mdck cells cultured in serum-free medium. | in the present study reassortant influenza a viruses of both the h1n1 and h3n2 type were generated in madin darby canine kidney cells grown in the absence of fetal bovine serum (mdck-sf1 cells). to this end, mdck-sf1 cells were simultaneously infected with one of the high-growth laboratory strains a/puerto rico/8/34 (h1n1) or a/hong kong/2/68 (h3n2) and recent h3n2 and h1n1 vaccine strains, respectively. reassortant viruses obtained from these mixed infections were genetically characterized by r ... | 1999 | 10217593 |
| dose dependence of ctl precursor frequency induced by a dna vaccine and correlation with protective immunity against influenza virus challenge. | intramuscular injection of balb/c mice with a dna plasmid encoding nucleoprotein (np) from influenza virus a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) provides cross-strain protection against lethal challenge with influenza virus a/hk/68 (h3n2). ctl specific for the h-2kd-restricted epitope np147-155 are present in these mice and are thought to play a role in the protection. to assess the effectiveness of np dna immunization in comparison with influenza virus infection in the induction of ctl responses, we monitored the f ... | 1999 | 10201942 |
| comparative analysis of evolutionary mechanisms of the hemagglutinin and three internal protein genes of influenza b virus: multiple cocirculating lineages and frequent reassortment of the np, m, and ns genes. | phylogenetic profiles of the genes coding for the hemagglutinin (ha) protein, nucleoprotein (np), matrix (m) protein, and nonstructural (ns) proteins of influenza b viruses isolated from 1940 to 1998 were analyzed in a parallel manner in order to understand the evolutionary mechanisms of these viruses. unlike human influenza a (h3n2) viruses, the evolutionary pathways of all four genes of recent influenza b viruses revealed similar patterns of genetic divergence into two major lineages. although ... | 1999 | 10196339 |
| antigenic drift in swine influenza h3 haemagglutinins with implications for vaccination policy. | in order to explore the occurrence of antigenic drift in swine influenza a(h3n2) virus, we examined virus strains from outbreaks of respiratory disease among finishing pigs in the netherlands in 1996 and 1997 and from earlier outbreaks. in contrast to swine h3n2 strains from the 1980s, the recent isolates did not show significant cross-reactivity with human influenza a(h3n2) viruses from 1972-1975 in haemagglutination inhibition tests. these new strains form a separate branch in the phylogenetic ... | 1999 | 10195767 |
| a novel influenza subunit vaccine composed of liposome-encapsulated haemagglutinin/neuraminidase and il-2 or gm-csf. i. vaccine characterization and efficacy studies in mice. | the aim of this study was to improve the potency of the currently used influenza subunit vaccines, which are of relatively low efficiency in high-risk groups. influenza a virus (shangdong/9/93) haemagglutinin/neuraminidase (h3n2), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) and interleukin-2 (il-2) were encapsulated, each separately or combined, in multilamellar vesicles composed of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine. balb/c mice were immunized once, i.p. or s.c., with 0.05-2.0 microg ... | 1999 | 10195636 |
| influenza vaccination in liver transplant recipients. | the immunogenicity of the trivalent inactivated influenza split virus vaccine (infusplit ssw 97/98) containing a/bayern/07/95 (h1n1)-like (a/johannesburg/82/96 [nib-39]), a/wuhan/359/95 (h3n2)-like (a/nanchang/933/95 [resvir-0]), and b/beijing/184/93-like (b/harbin/7/94) hemagglutinin antigens was tested in liver transplant recipients (txl-r). | 1999 | 10096534 |
| protection of mice against a lethal influenza virus challenge after immunization with yeast-derived secreted influenza virus hemagglutinin. | the a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2-subtype) hemagglutinin (ha) gene was engineered for expression in pichia pastoris as a soluble secreted molecule. the ha cdna lacking the c-terminal transmembrane anchor-coding sequence was fused to the saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-mating factor secretion signal and placed under control of the methanol-inducible p. pastoris alcohol oxidase 1 (aox1) promoter. growth of transformants on methanol-containing medium resulted in the secretion of recombinant non-cleaved solu ... | 1999 | 10091596 |
| inhibition of viral adhesion and infection by sialic-acid-conjugated dendritic polymers. | multiple sialic acid (sa) residues conjugated to a linear polyacrylamide backbone are more effective than monomeric sa at inhibiting influenza-induced agglutination of red blood cells. however, "polymeric inhibitors" based on polyacrylamide backbones are cytotoxic. dendritic polymers offer a nontoxic alternative to polyacrylamide and may provide a variety of potential synthetic inhibitors of influenza virus adhesion due to the wide range of available polymer structures. we evaluated several dend ... | 1999 | 10077477 |
| evaluation of clinical case definitions of influenza: detailed investigation of patients during the 1995-1996 epidemic in france. | using clinical predictors, we evaluated clinical case definitions of influenza during the 1995-1996 outbreak in france. thirty-five general practitioners collected virological specimens and clinical data. predictors of influenza virus infection were selected with logistic regression models. the results varied with the influenza virus subtype: temperature of >38.2 degrees c, stiffness or myalgia, rhinorrhea, and cough were predictive of influenza a/h3n2, whereas fatigue, lacrimation or conjunctiv ... | 1999 | 10064245 |
| immunogenicity of influenza vaccine in patients with hemato-oncological disorders. | the aim of this study was to measure the production of antihemagglutinin and antineuraminidase antibodies in patients with proliferative diseases of the hematopoietic or lymphatic system, immunized with influenza vaccine in the epidemic season 1995/96. twenty patients between 22 and 84 years volunteered for vaccination and were vaccinated subcutaneously with a single dose of split trivalent influenza vaccine ("fluarix", smithkline beecham) in autumn 1995 at the outpatients clinic, general hospit ... | 1999 | 10037036 |
| role of neuraminidase in influenza virus-induced apoptosis. | the virulent influenza virus clone 7a produced a greater level of apoptosis in mdck cells compared with the attenuated strain a/fiji. in both cases, apoptosis could be partially blocked by treatment with three anti-neuraminidase compounds [4-amino-(gr121158a) and 4-guanidino- (gg167; zanamivir) 2,3-dehydro-n-acetylneuraminic acid and 2,3-dehydro-2-deoxy-n-acetylneuraminic acid (dana)] when they were given to cells during the virus attachment/entry phase, but not subsequent to this phase. in cont ... | 1999 | 9934696 |
| heterosubtypic immunity to lethal influenza a virus infection is associated with virus-specific cd8(+) cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses induced in mucosa-associated tissues. | heterosubtypic immunity, defined as cross-reactive immune responses to influenza virus of a different serotype than the virus initially encountered, was investigated in association with virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) responses induced in systemic and mucosa-associated lymph nodes after immunization via different routes. mice immunized by the pulmonary route with live nonpathogenic influenza virus, strain udorn (h3n2), survived challenge with mouse-adapted pathogenic influenza virus, ... | 1999 | 9927573 |
| protection against a lethal avian influenza a virus in a mammalian system. | the question of how best to protect the human population against a potential influenza pandemic has been raised by the recent outbreak caused by an avian h5n1 virus in hong kong. the likely strategy would be to vaccinate with a less virulent, laboratory-adapted h5n1 strain isolated previously from birds. little attention has been given, however, to dissecting the consequences of sequential exposure to serologically related influenza a viruses using contemporary immunology techniques. such experi ... | 1999 | 9882351 |
| multiple genetic reassortment of avian and human influenza a viruses in european pigs, resulting in the emergence of an h1n2 virus of novel genotype. | novel h1n2 influenza a viruses which were first detected in pigs in great britain in 1994 were examined antigenically and genetically to determine their origins and establish the potential mechanisms for genetic reassortment. the haemagglutinin (ha) of all swine h 1 n2 viruses examined was most closely related to, but clearly distinguishable both antigenically and genetically from, the ha of human h1n1 viruses which circulated in the human population during the early 1 980s. phylogenetic analysi ... | 1998 | 9880008 |
| effect of prednisone on response to influenza virus vaccine in asthmatic children. | to evaluate the immunogenicity of the influenza virus vaccine in children receiving short-course (a burst) prednisone therapy for acute asthmatic exacerbations. | 1998 | 9856428 |
| evaluation of recombinant a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) influenza neuraminidase mutants as potential broad-spectrum subunit vaccines against influenza a. | current influenza vaccines require repeated administration for long-term protection. failure to develop broad-spectrum vaccines may be attributed to the chronic presentation of hypervariable, immunodominant epitopes displayed on the viral surface that keep the immune response somewhat fixed and limited by suppression of broadly neutralizing, low-titered antibodies. to test this hypothesis, we have attempted to dampen the immunogenicity of variable epitopes and potential immunodominant domains of ... | 1998 | 9856088 |
| influenza surveillance in england and wales: october 1997 to june 1998. | influenza caused low levels of mortality and morbidity in england and wales in the 1997/98 season. influenza viruses of the h3n2 and h1n1 subtypes were isolated in small numbers from community and hospital patients in november and december. their numbers subsequently increased to peak in february, h1n1 a week or two before h3n2. most of the h1n1 isolates were similar to the a/bayern/7/95-like virus, included in the vaccine recommended for 1997-98, whereas most h3n2 isolates were a/sydney/5/97-li ... | 1998 | 9854882 |
| [fast detection and characterization of influenza a and b viruses in nasopharyngeal secretions by the immunoperoxidase method]. | one hundred and fourty eight samples from patients with a symptomatology compatible with the influenza virus were studied aimed at identifying in a fast way these viruses. a rapid mdck-l cell culture was developed on 96 well plates, where nasopharingeal exudates or gargarisms were inoculated and incubated all night long at 37 degrees c. the medium was removed and cells were washed with pbs and fixed with methanol. viral antigens were detected through the immunoperoxidase staining by using two mo ... | 1998 | 9842266 |
| virological and pathomorphological aspects in experimental infections with some triassociated pneumotropic viruses in the white mouse. | experimental infections were induced in white mice by intranasal administration of parainfluenza virus type 3, 739-2d strain, to which influenza virus a/beijing, 353/89 (h3n2) strain, and respiratory syncytial virus, long strain, were associated. the model was organized so as to obtain a triassociated infection, parainfluenza virus type 3 being inoculated the first and the other two viruses, in the following stages-ii and iii-, alternately. the infections were revealed by the presence of positiv ... | 1997 | 9836325 |
| characterization of human influenza virus variants selected in vitro in the presence of the neuraminidase inhibitor gs 4071. | an oral prodrug of gs 4071, a potent and selective inhibitor of influenza neuraminidases, is currently under clinical development for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza virus infections in humans. to investigate the potential development of resistance during the clinical use of this compound, variants of the human influenza a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) virus with reduced susceptibility to the neuraminidase inhibitor gs 4071 were selected in vitro by passaging the virus in mdck cells in the pre ... | 1998 | 9835519 |
| influenza a virus infection increases ige production and airway responsiveness in aerosolized antigen-exposed mice. | respiratory viral infection is known clinically to promote sensitization to antigen inhalation and the development of asthma. | 1998 | 9819289 |
| use of recombinant nucleoproteins in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of virus-specific immunoglobulin a (iga) and igg antibodies in influenza virus a- or b-infected patients. | the nucleoprotein genes of influenza virus a/netherlands/018/94 (h3n2) and influenza virus b/harbin/7/94 were cloned into the bacterial expression vector pmalc to yield highly purified recombinant influenza virus a and b nucleoproteins. with these recombinant influenza nucleoproteins, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) were developed for the detection of influenza virus a- and b-specific immunoglobulin a (iga) and igg serum antibodies. serum samples were collected at consecutive time po ... | 1998 | 9817867 |
| thujaplicin-copper chelates inhibit replication of human influenza viruses. | the effects of alpha-, beta- and gamma-thujaplicins and six of their metal chelates on human influenza virus-induced apoptosis in madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells were examined by dna fragmentation and flow cytometry. among the compounds tested, thujaplicin copper chelates inhibited apoptosis induced in the infected mdck cells with influenza a/pr/8/34(h1n1), a/shingapol/1/57(h2n2), a/aichi/2/68(h3n2) and b/lee/40 viruses, at concentrations of more than 5 microm. these results indicate that ... | 1998 | 9806486 |
| [the characterization of influenza viruses by the immunoperoxidase method using monoclonal antibodies. its setup and validation]. | the immunoperoxidase method for the rapid classification of influenza viruses in type and subtype was applied and validated for the first time in cuba. the method is based on a rapid culture in mdck-l cells and on the use of monoclonal antibodies for the classification in type and subtype. a pool of antibodies against influenza a and another against influenza b and ha1-71 and ha2-76 monoclonal antibodies are used for the subtyping in h1 and h3. the validation was carried out by applying this met ... | 1996 | 9805039 |
| [impact of influenza a virus infection as a cause of pediatric hospitalization and use of rapid antigen test of influenza a virus]. | from the winter of 1997 to the spring of 1988, a severe epidemic caused by influenza a (h3n2) developed in japan. during the epidemic (december 1997 to february 1998), 239 children were admitted to the pediatric ward of nippon kokan hospital: as many as 76 (31.8%) were hospitalized with influenza a (h3n2) infection. most were young healthy children (mean age, 3.7 years), suggesting the need of influenza immunization for this age group. 110 specimens of hospitalized children were examined by rapi ... | 1998 | 9796186 |
| the plea against annual influenza vaccination? 'the hoskins' paradox' revisited. | three papers by hoskins and collaborators published in the lancet in the 70s, have been challenging the common policy to annually vaccinate people at risk with inactivated influenza virus vaccine. from an analysis of a vaccination campaign in adolescent pupils of a boarding school and four influenza outbreaks in the period 1970-76, hoskins et al. concluded that annually repeated vaccinations would not confer protection against epidemic influenza in the long-term ('hoskins' paradox'). a review of ... | 1998 | 9796045 |
| [evaluation of a rapid enzyme immunoassay membrane test for diagnosis of influenza a virus infection]. | a rapid enzyme immunoassay membrane test, directigen flu a (becton dickinson, usa), was evaluated by using virus isolates and clinical specimens. the reference laboratory diagnosis was based on the results of virus isolation. directigen flu a was reactive for all subtypes of human influenza a viruses, including reference strains of h1n1, h2n2 and h3n2. moreover, h5n1 (hongkong/156/97) was also detected by this kit. no cross reactivity was detected with other respiratory viruses. directigen flu a ... | 1998 | 9780586 |
| evaluation of live, cold-adapted influenza a and b virus vaccines in elderly and high-risk subjects. | we have evaluated the use of live cold-adapted influenza a and b virus vaccines in the elderly. cold-adapted influenza a and b virus vaccines are safe and modestly immunogenic in individuals over 65 years of age. however, our studies and those of other groups have shown that immune response to cold-adapted vaccines in this age group are modest. administration of combined cold-adapted influenza a and inactivated influenza vaccine has resulted in slightly higher frequencies of local and systemic h ... | 1998 | 9778752 |
| immunogenicity and efficacy of dna vaccines encoding influenza a proteins in aged mice. | influenza is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in older persons. the current influenza vaccine is only modestly successful, in part because of an age-related decline in immunogenicity and also because it induces only type-specified immunity. to overcome this, we evaluated dna vaccines encoding a/pr8/34 haemagglutinin (ha) and nucleoprotein (np) in young and aged balb/c mice. control mice were given formalin-inactivated a/pr8/34, control dna, or a non-lethal dose of pr8. aged mice given ... | 1998 | 9778751 |
| responses to influenza vaccination in different t-cell subsets: a comparison of healthy young and older adults. | t-lymphocyte responses to influenza vaccination were measured in healthy young and older adult volunteers. all participants were vaccinated with the 1995-96 trivalent influenza vaccine. cytokine and granzyme b levels were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) cultures after virus stimulation, prior to and 4 and 12 weeks after vaccination. the major findings in the older adult group were the different types of helper t-cell (th) responses to each of the vaccine strains of virus an ... | 1998 | 9778750 |
| isolation and identification of influenza viruses from clinical materials in 1977-1993 at veterans general hospital-taipei. | from 1977 to 1993, 15,189 throat swab samples were received for isolation and identification of influenza virus in the clinical virology laboratory, veterans general hospital-taipei. most of the samples came from the pediatric department. there were 634 identified strains of the influenza virus; the successful isolation rate was 4.17% in average/year. among these isolates, 56.3% (357/634) were influenza b; 12.1% (77/634) were influenza a/h1n1 and 28.1% (178/634) were influenza a/h3n2. about 3.5% ... | 1995 | 9774990 |
| [serologic study for determining the circulation of respiratory viruses in havana city]. | during 1991, 2,400 serum samples from subjects under 15 years, and 2,400 serum samples from subjects with the same age or over 15 years were assessed against antigens of 7 respiratory viruses by the complement fixation test or by the haemagglutination inhibition technique. the results from these investigations allowed to determine the little circulation of the respiratory syncytial virus which may result in an increase of a susceptible population and the occurrence of outbreaks. the endemic stat ... | 1992 | 9768216 |
| a sensitive and specific elisa immunocapture assay for rapid quantitation of influenza a/h3n2 neuraminidase protein. | both ha and na proteins elicit antibodies which have been shown to be capable of altering the course of infection. nevertheless, while influenza virus vaccine standardization involves hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) in terms of antigenic characterization, only ha protein quantitation is undertaken. an immunocapture elisa (eia) is described for n2 na quantitation, based on the use of a highly specific monoclonal antibody (mab) for capturing na and an anti-na antiserum for antigen detect ... | 1998 | 9766889 |
| human cytotoxic t-lymphocyte repertoire to influenza a viruses. | the murine cd8(+) cytotoxic-t-lymphocyte (ctl) repertoire appears to be quite limited in response to influenza a viruses. the ctl responses to influenza a virus in humans were examined to determine if the ctl repertoire is also very limited. bulk cultures revealed that a number of virus proteins were recognized in ctl assays. ctl lines were isolated from three donors for detailed study and found to be specific for epitopes on numerous influenza a viral proteins. eight distinct cd8(+) ctl lines w ... | 1998 | 9765409 |
| comparison of rna hybridization, hemagglutination assay, titration of infectious virus and immunofluorescence as methods for monitoring influenza virus replication in vitro. | rapid and sensitive methods for the monitoring of influenza virus replication in vitro are needed to address several research questions. four methods based on different principles were compared: the hemagglutination (ha) assay, the measurement of virus infectivity titers in culture supernatants, the enumeration of infected cells by immunofluorescence and rna hybridization techniques using digoxigenin (dig) labeled rna probes. to this end, mdck cells were infected at different multiplicities of i ... | 1998 | 9763129 |
| transfectant influenza a viruses are effective recombinant immunogens in the treatment of experimental cancer. | using reverse genetics methods, we constructed three different transfectant influenza a viruses encoding an ld-restricted, nine amino-acid-long fragment, corresponding to amino-acid residues 876-884, of beta-galactosidase (beta-gal). sequences encoding this epitope were nested within the hemagglutinin (ha) or neuraminidase (na) open reading frames. alternatively, an independent beta-gal mini-gene, preceded by an endoplasmic reticulum insertion signal sequence, was placed in a bicistronic arrange ... | 1998 | 9740780 |
| evolutionary characteristics of influenza b virus since its first isolation in 1940: dynamic circulation of deletion and insertion mechanism. | new antigenic variants of b/yamagata/16/88-like lineage which appeared in the season of 1997 as a minor strain tended to predominate in the following season. also, we could observe for the first time, three peaks of activity caused by h3n2 virus and two variants of b influenza virus. antigenic and phylogenetic analyses revealed that b/victoria/2/87-like variants appeared again in japan in 1997 after a nine-year absence. influenza b viruses evolved into three major lineages, including the earlies ... | 1998 | 9739335 |
| multiplex pcr for typing and subtyping influenza and respiratory syncytial viruses. | a multiplex reverse transcription (rt)-pcr method that has been developed is capable of detecting and subtyping influenza a (h1n1 and h3n2) and b viruses as well as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) types a and b in respiratory clinical samples taken as part of a national community-based surveillance program of influenza-like illness in england and wales. the detection of each different pathogen depended on distinguishing five amplification products of different sizes on agarose gels following r ... | 1998 | 9738055 |
| update: outbreak of influenza a infection--alaska and the yukon territory, july-august 1998. | on july 26, 1998, cdc and health canada, in cooperation with local public health authorities, began investigating reports of febrile respiratory illnesses and associated pneumonia among summer land and sea travelers to alaska and the yukon territory (1). epidemiologic and laboratory evidence has implicated influenza a virus as the etiologic agent of the outbreak. from june 11 through august 22, completed viral cultures of 101 (48%) of 209 nasopharyngeal specimens have yielded 26 influenza a isol ... | 1998 | 9733414 |
| natural and 'in vitro' selected antigenic variants of influenza a virus (h2n2). | we provide data on the prevalence of srh antibody to influenza a/singapore/1/57 (h2n2). approximately 10.3% of sera had antibody to the influenza a (h2n2) subtype virus in comparison to the 36.9% of positive sera to a representative influenza a (h3n2) and 31.5% to influenza a (h1n1) viruses. the percentage of subjects with antibody constantly decreased from the older to the younger age groups. persons born after 1968 were essentially seronegative, whereas subjects born before 1900, and in the de ... | 1998 | 9733372 |
| supplementation of conventional influenza a vaccine with purified viral neuraminidase results in a balanced and broadened immune response. | influenza virus neuraminidase was chromatographically extracted from a/johannesburg/33/94 (h3n2) and used to supplement conventional monovalent h3jhn2jh inactivated influenza vaccine. immunization of mice with this preparation resulted in high titers of antibodies to both hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) equivalent for each antigen to titers in animals immunized with either antigen alone. homotypic infection was suppressed and greater reduction in viral replication was observed followin ... | 1998 | 9682352 |
| field investigation of influenza vaccine effectiveness on morbidity. | our objective was to evaluate influenza vaccine effectiveness during an influenza epidemic by means of a matched case-control study. the study was performed by 35 general practitioners who collected specimens for influenza virus testing from 610 patients who consulted for infectious syndrome: 168 (28%) were influenza-positive. two designs were used for selecting controls to take into account the high incidence-rate of influenza-like illness and the various possible protective effects of the vacc ... | 1998 | 9682334 |
| an antibody which binds to the membrane-proximal end of influenza virus haemagglutinin (h3 subtype) inhibits the low-ph-induced conformational change and cell-cell fusion but does not neutralize virus. | a monoclonal antibody, lmbh6, was derived from mice which had been sequentially immunized with bromelain-cleaved haemagglutinin (bha) from influenza virus a/aichi/2/68, a/victoria/3/75 and a/philippines/2/82 (all h3n2). lmbh6 recognizes the haemagglutinin (ha) of all h3n2 influenza a strains tested, which were isolated between 1968 and 1989. ha in the low-ph-induced conformation is not recognized, and cleavage of the ha0 precursor to ha1 and ha2 is needed to obtain efficient binding. compared to ... | 1998 | 9680143 |
| increased susceptibility of diabetic mice to influenza virus infection: compromise of collectin-mediated host defense of the lung by glucose? | the influence of diabetes on susceptibility to influenza virus infection was examined in a mouse model in which rip-kb transgenic mice and their nontransgenic littermates were used as the diabetic and nondiabetic hosts, respectively. influenza virus a/phil/82 (h3n2) grew to significantly higher titers in the lungs of diabetic than nondiabetic mice. the extent of viral replication in the lungs was proportional to blood glucose levels in the mice at the time of infection, and the enhanced suscepti ... | 1998 | 9658139 |
| protective role of gamma interferon during the recall response to influenza virus. | during secondary immune responses to influenza virus, virus-specific t memory cells are a major source of gamma interferon (ifn-gamma). we assessed the contribution of ifn-gamma to heterologous protection against the a/wsn/33 (h1n1) virus of wild-type and ifn-gamma-/- mice previously immunized with the a/hk/68 (h3n2) virus. the ifn-gamma-/- mice displayed significantly reduced survival rates subsequent to a challenge with various doses of the a/wsn/33 virus. this was associated with an impaired ... | 1998 | 9658110 |
| molecular mechanisms of serum resistance of human influenza h3n2 virus and their involvement in virus adaptation in a new host. | h3n2 human influenza viruses that are resistant to horse, pig, or rabbit serum possess unique amino acid mutations in their hemagglutinin (ha) protein. to determine the molecular mechanisms of this resistance, we characterized the receptor-binding properties of these mutants by measuring their affinity for total serum protein inhibitors and for soluble receptor analogs. pig serum-resistant variants displayed a markedly decreased affinity for total pig serum sialylglycoproteins (which contain pre ... | 1998 | 9658077 |
| virus-specific cd8+ t cells in primary and secondary influenza pneumonia. | virus-specific cd8+ effector t cells (ectl) are enriched in the lungs of mice with primary influenza pneumonia, though later detection of memory t cells (mctl) in the mediastinal lymph nodes (mln) or spleen by peptide-based staining protocols is at the limits of flow cytometric analysis. respiratory challenge with an h3n2 virus months after h1n1 priming induces a massive recall response, which reduces virus titers 2-3 days earlier than in nave controls. influenza-specific mctl produce interferon ... | 1998 | 9655482 |
| in vivo antiinfluenza virus activity of kampo medicine sho-seiryu-to through mucosal immune system. | the kampo (japanese herbal) medicine, sho-seiryu-to, which has traditionally been used for the treatment of colds and bronchial asthma, showed potent antiinfluenza a and b virus activity through augmentation of production of antiviral iga antibody in the nasal and bronchoalveolar cavities of mice when administrated orally before viral infection. sho-seiryu-to also showed antiinfluenza virus activity against a virus h1n1 subtype infected in aged mice (approximately 6 months old) with an increase ... | 1998 | 9646280 |
| [use of caco-2 cells for isolation of influenza virus]. | in this study we assessed the usefulness of caco-2 cells, derived from a human colon carcinoma, to isolate an influenza virus. throat washings collected from 30 patients with influenza-like illnesses in miyazaki prefecture in 1997 were inoculated in mdck and caco-2 cells, 17 influenza virus strains were isolated in mdck cells, and 20 in caco-2 cells. of all the viruses isolated, only one strain was identified as influenza virus type b; other strains were identified as type a (h3n2). furthermore, ... | 1998 | 9621562 |
| [an investigation of the effect of h3-h3 peptide vaccine for preventing influenza virus infection in dq6 mice]. | based on the cassette theory that a core region of an immunogenic peptide is partially replaced with peptide fragments from various pathogens without any detrimental effects to their anchoring to the particular mhc class ii molecules, we had prepared a peptide vaccine, 46f/ha127-133/54a (18mer) (yegfs wtgvtqn kakgit), against a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) influenza viruses. it was shown that the 46f/ha127-133/54a (18mer) was effective in ab mice. in the present study, we first examined whether this peptid ... | 1998 | 9612710 |
| [induction of neutralizing antibodies against hiv-1 viruses in hla-dq6 mice by peptide vaccines]. | a non-immunogenic peptide in mice bearing a certain mhc molecule can be rendered immunogenic, when the peptide is introduced into an mhc-binding component (cassete theory). we applied the cassete theory to preparation of effective peptide vaccines. indeed a 46f/ha127-133/54a peptide vaccine which had been prepared by introducing hemagglutinin (127-133) of influenza virus, a/aich/2/68 (h3n2), into h-2ab-binding component derived fom pigeon cytochrom c (43-58) induced significant immunological res ... | 1998 | 9612708 |
| influenza vaccination in a healthy geriatric population: preferential induction of antibodies specific for the h3n2 influenza strain despite equal t cell responsiveness to all vaccine strains. | cellular as well as humoral immune reactivity were studied in healthy young (< 30 years; n = 12) and older (> 65 years; n = 12) individuals before as well as 1 month after immunization with a trivalent whole virus influenza vaccine. before vaccination, peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation in response to in vitro stimulation with each of the virus strains was low in both groups. no antibodies against either the h1n1 or the b strain were found in most individuals, while 91% of the young ... | 1998 | 9607030 |
| immune response to vaccine against influenza in smokers, non-smokers and, in individuals holding respiratory complications. | levels of antibody against influenza virus were evaluated in serum pairing samples from individuals immunized against influenza by hemagglutination inhibition and single radial hemolysis tests. for this purpose, groups of smokers, non-smokers and, of those holding respiratory complications, were formed. results of serologic titrations pointed out to an increase in the level of antibodies for the smoker and non-smoker groups, with significant degrees of difference up to p < 0.001 difference betwe ... | 1998 | 9595830 |
| safety and immunogenicity of low and high doses of trivalent live cold-adapted influenza vaccine administered intranasally as drops or spray to healthy children. | the safety and immunogenicity of various doses of trivalent cold-adapted influenza vaccine (caiv-t) administered intranasally by drops or spray to children aged 18-71 months was examined. caiv-t containing a/johannesburg/33/94 (h3n2), b/panama/45/90, and a/texas/36/91 (h1n1) was safe and well-tolerated. at the highest caiv-t dose, 90%, 50%, and 16% of initially seronegative subjects seroconverted to the h3n2, b, and h1n1 antigens, respectively. the lower immunologic response to the h1n1 vaccine ... | 1998 | 9593032 |
| specificity of the n1 and n2 sialidase subtypes of human influenza a virus for natural and synthetic gangliosides. | sialyl-linkage specificity of sialidases of the human influenza a virus strains, a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) and a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) were studied using natural and synthetic gangliosides. the sialidase of the a/aichi/2/68 strain hydrolyzed the terminal neu5acalpha2-3gal sequence but not the neu5acalpha2-3 linkage on the inner gal of gm1a, which is a ganglioside that has the gangliotetraose chain (galbeta1-3galnacbeta1-4-(neu5acalpha2-3)galbeta1++ +-4glcbeta1-cer). the sialidase hydrolyzed the neu5ac on the ... | 1998 | 9592119 |
| inhibition of influenza virus infections in mice by gs4104, an orally effective influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitor. | the carbocyclic transition state sialic acid analog gs4071 ([3r,4r,5s]-4-acetamido-5-amino-3-[1-ethylpropoxy]-1-cyclohexane-1 -carboxylic acid), a potent influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitor, was highly inhibitory to influenza a/nws/33 (h1n1), a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2), a/shangdong/09/93 (h3n2) and b/hong kong/5/72 viruses in madin darby canine kidney (mdck) cells. the 50% effective concentrations in these experiments ranged from 1.8 to 59.5 microm, with no cytotoxicity evident at 1000 microm, u ... | 1998 | 9588843 |
| altered antibody response to influenza h1n1 vaccine in healthy elderly people as determined by hi, elisa, and neutralization assay. | to determine the influence of ageing per se as well as of priming histories on the antibody response to influenza vaccination, haemagglutination inhibition (hi), elisa igg, iga, igm and neutralizing antibody titres were studied in 43 healthy young subjects (mean age 23 years) and 55 healthy elderly people (mean age 79 years). the hi and elisa lgg responses to the a/guizhou/54/89 strain (h3n2) for which both the young and the elderly had similar priming histories were equal. by contrast, the hi a ... | 1998 | 9580890 |
| [immune response to influenza vaccination among peritoneal dialysis patients]. | the influenza vaccination is considered useful in preventing influenza and its complications, but its efficacy is variable especially in uremia. the humoral efficacy in a group of 15 patients in peritoneal dialysis treatment has been evaluated. antibody responses were measured before vaccination and at time intervals of 1-4 months after vaccination. a good response to viruses a (a/h3n2/johannesburg 33/94, a/h1n1/singapore 6/86), respectively 80% and 66.7% and an attenuated response (20%) to viru ... | 1998 | 9578667 |
| isolation of influenza c virus during an outbreak of influenza a and b viruses. | during the winter of 1996 to 1997 two cases of influenza c were confirmed, one by isolation and the second by serology (fourfold increase in hemagglutination inhibition antibodies). the cases of influenza c occurred during an outbreak of influenza a (h3n2) and b viruses. the positive isolation was from one of three throat washings sent to the laboratory, and the other case was from a group of 51 students participating in a study of influenza virus vaccination. it seems, therefore, that influenza ... | 1998 | 9574726 |
| [influenza in the 1996/'97 season; vaccine composition for the 1997/'98 season]. | the first indication of flu activity in the netherlands in the 1996/'97 season was the isolation of an a/h3n2 influenza virus in week 48 of 1996. in subsequent weeks influenza viruses were isolated sporadically. the clinical influenza activity increased from week i of 1997 and reached its peak in week 4 of 1997. simultaneously with the increase of clinical influenza activity, an increasing number of influenza viruses were isolated. the epidemic had a relatively small extent. initially, a/h3n2 in ... | 1997 | 9545718 |
| effective prophylaxis of influenza a virus pneumonia in mice by topical passive immunotherapy with polyvalent human immunoglobulins or f(ab')2 fragments. | the effectiveness of polyvalent plasma-derived human immunoglobulins (ivig) in passive immunotherapy of influenza virus pneumonia was assessed, using the strain scotland (a/scotland/74 (h3n2)) adapted to balb/c mice by repeated lung passages. haemagglutinin antibodies in two batches of ivig at 10 mg/ml had a titre of 1/16. intravenous injection of 1000-5000 microg of ivig, 3 h after infection, gave 60-70% protection, whereas intranasal injection of 25-50 microg protected 90% of mice infected wit ... | 1998 | 9528903 |
| low plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone in patients with acute influenza. | plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) and cortisol were measured in young adults with influenza virus type a (h3n2) infection for whom cultures were positive and in comparable controls without symptoms or other evidence of illness. the mean plasma acth level +/- se in 19 patients with acute influenza was 13.5 +/- 2.1 pg/ml compared with 23 +/- 3.2 pg/ml in 11 controls (p = .02). mean plasma acth levels +/- se had risen to 21 +/- 4.1 pg/ml in specimens obtained from patients during ... | 1998 | 9524849 |
| [impact of influenza epidemics and efficacy of vaccination among geriatric inpatients]. | to determine the impact of influenza epidemics among geriatric inpatients and to monitor the clinical efficacy of influenza vaccination, the influenza infection rate in non-vaccinated inpatients was determined serologically and the incidence of febrile episodes and death were compared between the vaccinees and non-vaccinees hospitalized in the referred hospital from january through september, 1995. three influenza subtypes, influenza a/h1n1, a/h3n2, and b, were endemic simultaneously from januar ... | 1998 | 9503786 |
| isolation of influenza a(h3n2) virus with "o"-->"d" phase variation. | we report the isolation of two influenza a(h3n2) virus strains which were unable, in the first passages in mdck cell culture, to agglutinate chicken erythrocytes, though reacting with guinea pig and turkey red blood cells. this observation demonstrates that the occurrence of this phenomenon is not exclusive to influenza a(h1n1) viruses, as previously reported. in order to investigate the molecular basis of this phenomenon, we analysed the nucleotide sequence of the ha-1 region, presumed to be in ... | 1997 | 9498014 |
| some virological and pathomorphological aspects of the respiratory system in the experimental infection with respiratory syncytial virus associated with influenza virus, parainfluenza virus type 3 and adenovirus in the mouse. | infections with respiratory syncytial virus long strain, associated with influenza virus, a/beijing 353/89 (h3n2) strain, parainfluenza virus type 3, 739-2d strain, and adenovirus type 3, were experimentally induced in white mice, causing histological, histochemical and histoenzymatic lesions at the respiratory system level, the severity of which exceeded the one observed in the controls infected with a single virus. the pathomorphological changes made up an inflammatory, predominantly infiltrat ... | 1996 | 9495783 |
| experimental researches in infections with associated myxoviruses in the mouse. | infections with influenza virus, a/beijing 353/89 (h3n2) strain, to which there were associated parainfluenza virus type 3, 739-2d strain, adenovirus type 3, and respiratory syncytial virus long strain, were experimentally induced in white mice. the experimental models were set up so as to permit the obtaining of an associated infection with three viruses, in which the influenza virus should be inoculated the first, the participation of the others being variable, according to their presence by a ... | 1996 | 9495782 |
| expression of rantes by normal airway epithelial cells after influenza virus a infection. | the chemokine regulated on activation, normal t cells expressed and secreted (rantes), is a c-c chemokine and a potent chemoattractant for monocytes, t lymphocytes, basophils, and eosinophils. its expression by human airway epithelium has been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. we investigated whether rantes is expressed by normal human airway epithelial cells after influenza viral infection and examined its bioactivity. epithelial cells were obtained from bronchial tissue or nasal polyps o ... | 1998 | 9476913 |
| comparison of neutralizing and hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody responses to influenza a virus vaccination of human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. | a neutralization enzyme immunoassay (n-eia) was used to determine the neutralizing serum antibody titers to influenza a/taiwan/1/86 (h1n1) and beijing/353/89 (h3n2) viruses after vaccination of 51 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1-infected individuals and 10 healthy noninfected controls against influenza virus infection. overall, the n-eia titers correlated well with the hemagglutination-inhibition (hai) titers that were observed in the same samples in a previous study (f. p. kroon, j. t ... | 1998 | 9455891 |
| influenza surveillance in england and wales: october 1996 to june 1997. | this report summarises information collected for the surveillance of influenza in england and wales during the winter of 1996/97. consultations for 'influenza and influenza-like illness' with sentinel general practitioners in england and wales began to increase towards the end of november and peaked at the start of january. in england, consultations for 'aggregated respiratory disease' (ard) began to increase a little earlier, perhaps as a result of increased respiratory syncytial virus activity ... | 1997 | 9447787 |
| inhibition of several strains of influenza virus in vitro and reduction of symptoms by an elderberry extract (sambucus nigra l.) during an outbreak of influenza b panama. | a standardized elderberry extract, sambucol (sam), reduced hemagglutination and inhibited replication of human influenza viruses type a/shangdong 9/93 (h3n2), a/beijing 32/92 (h3n2), a/texas 36/91 (h1n1), a/singapore 6/86 (h1n1), type b/panama 45/90, b/yamagata 16/88, b/ann arbor 1/86, and of animal strains from northern european swine and turkeys, a/sw/ger 2/81, a/tur/ger 3/91, and a/sw/ger 8533/91 in madin-darby canine kidney cells. a placebo-controlled, double blind study was carried out on a ... | 1995 | 9395631 |
| costimulation by b7 modulates specificity of cytotoxic t lymphocytes: a missing link that explains some bystander t cell activation. | it has been proposed that some bystander t cell activation may in fact be due to t cell antigen receptor (tcr) cross-reactivity that is too low to be detected by the effector cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl). however, this hypothesis is not supported by direct evidence since no tcr ligand is known to induce t cell proliferation and differentiation without being recognized by the effector ctl. here we report that transgenic t cells expressing a t cell receptor to influenza virus a/nt/68 nucleoprotein ... | 1997 | 9362540 |
| [prevention and control of influenza infection in the elderly in japan--special emphasis on high risk group patients]. | these days, in the japanese society the aged group which involve the high risk group patients has grown rapidly. in japan, at present small epidemics of a hong kong (h3n2) and a soviet (h1n1) influenza have occurred and influenza b has concurrent infection. however asian type a (h2n2) virus disappeared since 1968. if asian strain appeared again, most people of less than thirty years old with high risk group patients would have severe infection. we are afraid of the appearance of the new type a v ... | 1997 | 9360368 |
| enhancement of in vivo anti-influenza virus activity of 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone by drug delivery system using hydroxypropyl cellulose. | enhancement of in vivo antiviral activity of 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone (f36) against h3n2 subtype of influenza a virus by drug delivery system (dds) with hydroxypropyl cellulose (hpc) was studied. although in the absence of hpc f36 (0.5 mg/kg) showed no antiviral activity against mouse-adapted influenza virus a/guizhou/54/89 (h3n2) in mice, when f36 solution containing hpc was administered intranasally 5 min after the virus inoculation, proliferation of the virus in both nasal and bronc ... | 1997 | 9353569 |
| serum amyloid p component binds to influenza a virus haemagglutinin and inhibits the virus infection in vitro. | serum amyloid p component (sap) is a member of the phylogenetically conserved and structurally related group of proteins called pentraxins. sap exhibits multispecific calcium-dependent binding to oligosaccharides with terminal n-acetyl-galactosamine, mannose and glucuronic acid. the authors report that sap can bind to influenza a virus and inhibit agglutination of erythrocytes mediated by the virus subtypes h1n1, h2n2 and h3n2. sap also inhibits the production of haemagglutinin (ha) an the cytop ... | 1997 | 9350282 |
| collectin-mediated antiviral host defense of the lung: evidence from influenza virus infection of mice. | collagenous lectins (collectins) present in mammalian serum and pulmonary fluids bind to influenza virus and display antiviral activity in vitro, but their role in vivo has yet to be determined. we have used early and late isolates of h3n2 subtype influenza viruses that differ in their degree of glycosylation to examine the relationship between sensitivity to murine serum and pulmonary lectins in vitro and the ability of a virus to replicate in the respiratory tract of mice. a marked inverse cor ... | 1997 | 9343171 |
| influenza infection of beta 2-microglobulin-deficient (beta 2m-/-) mice reveals a loss of cd4+ t cell functions with aging. | following influenza infection, aged mice have prolonged viral shedding that is presumably due to lower anti-influenza class i-restricted cd8+ ctl activity. to examine alternative viral clearance mechanisms in immunosenescense, we infected young (1.5-2.5 month) and aged (15-18 month) class i and cd8+-deficient beta 2m-/- mice with influenza a/port chalmers/1/73 (h3n2). we found that 40% of young beta 2m-/- mice were shedding virus from the lung on day 9 (mean titer of 0.3 log10 tcid[50]), with a ... | 1997 | 9317144 |
| [the immunoprophylaxis of influenza among elderly persons]. | during three seasons at the period of 1992-1996 immunization of elderly persons, living in homes for old people, against influenza with inactivated influenza vaccine (iiv) was carried out. altogether 856 persons were immunized intranasally, 581 persons constituting the control group. for comparison, 4,825 healthy young adults aged 18-24 years were immunized under similar conditions. the study revealed that the intranasal immunization of elderly persons with iiv, made in two administrations, was ... | 1997 | 9304332 |
| an influenza a live attenuated reassortant virus possessing three temperature-sensitive mutations in the pb2 polymerase gene rapidly loses temperature sensitivity following replication in hamsters. | the purpose of the present study was to produce an influenza a h2n2 donor virus from which an attenuating pb2 gene bearing three discrete temperature sensitive (ts) mutations could be readily transferred to currently epidemic influenza a h1n1 and h3n2 viruses via genetic reassortment. an influenza a transfectant virus was first produced that contained site-directed ts mutations at amino acids 112, 265, and 556 in the pb2 gene of influenza a/aa/60 virus origin in a background of the other seven r ... | 1997 | 9302747 |
| influenza virus neutralizing antibodies and igg isotype profiles after immunization of mice with influenza a subunit vaccine using various adjuvants. | the influence of various adjuvants on the development of influenza virus neutralizing antibodies and distribution of anti-influenza virus igg isotypes after immunization of mice with influenza a (h3n2) subunit vaccine was investigated. serum titres of influenza virus neutralizing antibodies and titres of influenza specific igg isotypes were determined by a neutralization enzyme immunoassay (n-eia) and a cell-associated antigen enzyme immunoassay (ca-eia), respectively. serum antibody titres as m ... | 1997 | 9261954 |
| different progress of mdck cell death after infection by two different influenza virus isolates. | the effect of influenza strains a (h3n2) and b, isolated during the seasons of 1994 and 1995 in the czech republic, on mdck cells was studied. various concentrations of virus and conditions of nutrition were used during the cell culture. the virus replication and consequently fragmentation of genomic dna together with cytotoxicity were investigated in the absence and presence of 10 per cent calf serum. virus replication, regardless of type a or b, caused earlier dna fragmentation in comparison t ... | 1997 | 9253160 |
| amantadine susceptibility in influenza a virus isolates: determination methods and lack of resistance in a canadian sample, 1991-94. | influenza a infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly and patients affected by chronic diseases or immunodeficiencies. treatment and prevention of infection in hospitals and nursing homes often involve the use of amantadine, but resistant viruses may arise. | 1997 | 9248657 |
| [prophylactic effect of black tea extract as gargle against influenza]. | we examined whether gargling with black tea prevents influenza infection. tests were carried out during a five month period (october 1992 to march 1993). the control group that followed their normal daily routine, whereas the test group that gargled with 0.5 w/v% black tea extract twice daily (at 8 a.m. and 5 p.m.). influenza viruses were isolated from influenza patients and an antigen analysis was carried out. as a result, two strains of influenza a viruses (h3n2) and ten strains of b virus wer ... | 1997 | 9248263 |