Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| functional analysis of the two alternative translation initiation sites of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | the effect of deletion of each of the two authentic polyprotein translation initiation sites of foot-and-mouth disease virus on viral protein synthesis and replication was analyzed. deletion of either the first or the second initiation site led to the expression of only one form of the leader protein, l or l', respectively, but in vitro processing of the viral polyprotein and cleavage of eif-4 gamma were not affected by either deletion. whereas rna in which the first translation initiation site ... | 1995 | 7983755 |
| viral rna modulates the acid sensitivity of foot-and-mouth disease virus capsids. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) manifests an extreme sensitivity to acid, which is thought to be important for entry of the rna genome into the cell. we have compared the low-ph-induced disassembly in vitro of virions and natural empty capsids of three subtypes of serotype a fmdv by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and sucrose gradient sedimentation analysis. for all three subtypes (a22 iraq 24/64, a10(61), and a24 cruzeiro), the empty capsid was more stable by 0.5 ph unit on average than t ... | 1995 | 7983739 |
| nucleotide sequence of the p1 region of serotype asia1 foot-and-mouth disease virus. | differences in the amino acid sequence of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) virion proteins (vp) among the various fmdv serotypes, particularly in the vp1 polypeptide, are the basis for antigenic diversity of this virus group. this phenomenon provides the basis for type diagnosis of fmdv by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). in order to specifically identify the asia1 fmdv serotype by pcr, the nucleotide sequence of its p1-coding region was determined. the sequence exhibited over 70% homolog ... | 1994 | 7975273 |
| need for cellular and humoral immune responses in bovines to ensure protection from foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv)--a point of view. | the published studies on immunization of experimental animals, cattle, and sheep with synthetic peptides containing the antigenic domains in fmdv structural protein vp1 were analyzed. the results obtained with various fmdv synthetic peptides designed to stimulate the humoral immune response in bovines were compared to the current knowledge on mhc class i and class ii, and the properties of the peptide binding grooves in each of them. x-ray crystallography of mhc class i proteins provided the thr ... | 1994 | 7975267 |
| haptoglobin response of cattle infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus. | haptoglobin, a major bovine acute phase protein, was evaluated as a marker of the primary replication of foot-and-mouth disease virus in 12 naturally infected cattle from which blood was collected daily. an acute phase response, as measured by an increase in serum haptoglobin concentration and the presence of fever, was not detected during the previraemic stage of disease, but there was a significant increase in serum haptoglobin after the onset of viraemia. it occurred on the same day as the fi ... | 1994 | 7973086 |
| t cell-stimulatory fragments of foot-and-mouth disease virus released by mild treatment with cathepsin d. | cathepsin d and cathepsin b are endosomal/lysosomal proteases that are thought to play a role during in vivo antigen processing, releasing fragments for binding to major histocompatibility complex class ii products and subsequent presentation to t cells. here we treated purified foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) strain a10holland with both enzymes. cathepsin d, but not cathepsin b, was shown to release fragments from reduced or non-reduced fmdv under mild conditions in vitro. twenty-eight pred ... | 1994 | 7964603 |
| establishment of a typing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for foot and mouth disease antigen, using reagents against viruses endemic in thailand. | antisera were produced at a central laboratory in thailand against the endemic serotypes (o, a and asia 1) of foot and mouth disease (fmd) virus. at a regional veterinary laboratory, these antisera were used in an indirect sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection and serotyping of fmd virus (fmdv) antigen. elisa readings of < 0.10 optical density (od) units were considered negative. this was verified using fifty tissue samples which were known to be negative for fmdv. ... | 1994 | 7949346 |
| use of combined shewhart-cusum control charts in internal quality control of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the typing of foot and mouth disease virus antigen. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the typing of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) antigen was employed for the routine laboratory diagnosis of fmd at a regional veterinary laboratory in northern thailand. an objective procedure was developed to monitor the test performance of the elisa, using absolute test control limits in a shewhart-cusum (cumulative sum) control chart method. the procedure detected significant data trends and 'beyond control limit' situations for each antigen ... | 1994 | 7949345 |
| construction and use of integrative vectors to express foreign genes in mycobacteria. | we have constructed a mycobacterial integrative vector by placing two copies of the insertion sequence is900 flanking a kanamycin-resistance gene into a 'suicide' vector unable to replicate in mycobacteria. the mycobacterium leprae gene encoding the m. leprae 18 kda protein was cloned between the two copies of is900 to provide expression signals. constructs were introduced into mycobacterium species smegmatis, vaccae and bovis bcg by electroporation and selection for kanamycin resistance. the ex ... | 1993 | 7934874 |
| specific inhibition of aphthovirus infection by rnas transcribed from both the 5' and the 3' noncoding regions. | rna molecules containing the 3' terminal region of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) rna in both antisense and sense orientations were able to inhibit viral fmdv translation and infective particle formation in bhk-21 cells following comicroinjection or cotransfection with infectious viral rna. antisense, but not sense, transcripts from the 5' noncoding region including the proximal element of the internal ribosome entry site and the two functional initiation augs were also inhibitory, both in ... | 1994 | 7933126 |
| t-lymphocyte responses in guinea pigs vaccinated with foot-and-mouth disease virus. | the guinea pig provides an alternative experimental model for analysis of the immune response against foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). the cellular immune response against fmdv in this experimental animal is unknown and was analyzed by in vivo and in vitro studies. in guinea pigs immunized with an fmdv a5 vaccine, a marked change in t-lymphocyte count appeared. for analyzing which functional t-cell compartment was affected, immunofluorescence studies, using monoclonal antibodies directed aga ... | 1994 | 7909182 |
| function of minor polypeptides in foot-and-mouth disease virus and poliovirus. | foot-and-mouth disease virus and poliovirus each contain several minor polypeptides, in addition to the four structural proteins. one of these, the viral rna polymerase, can also act as a nuclease, hydrolysing the rna and thus destroying viral infectivity. it is tightly bound to the rna and may be the packaging signal for assembly of the particle. | 1994 | 7889327 |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus undergoes restricted replication in macrophage cell cultures following fc receptor-mediated adsorption. | we have previously reported that foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) can enter an fc receptor (fcr)-expressing cell line by antibody-dependent enhancement. since fmdv can establish a persistent infection in animals in the presence of high levels of neutralizing antibodies (carrier state), we examined macrophages for their ability to be infected by the virus in the presence of antibody. the murine macrophage cell line p388d1 or porcine macrophage-monocytes isolated from peripheral blood were incu ... | 1995 | 7886954 |
| proteolytic cleavage of initiation factor eif-4 gamma in the reticulocyte lysate inhibits translation of capped mrnas but enhances that of uncapped mrnas. | infection of cells with the foot-and-mouth-disease virus, a member of the picornavirus family, results in the shut-off of host protein synthesis. a major contributory mechanism is the proteolytic destruction of the gamma subunit of the complex eif-4, which functions in translation to promote the binding of the 43s ribosomal preinitiation complex to the 5' end of the cellular mrna molecules bearing a 5' terminal cap structure. picornavirus rna molecules, which are uncapped, use a distinct mechani ... | 1995 | 7885827 |
| genome variation in the sat types of foot-and-mouth disease viruses prevalent in buffalo (syncerus caffer) in the kruger national park and other regions of southern africa, 1986-93. | dideoxy nucleotide sequencing of a portion of the 1d gene of sat-type foot-and-mouth disease viruses (fmdv) was used to derive phylogenetic relationships between viruses recovered from the oesophageo-pharyngeal secretions of buffalo in the kruger national park as well as several other wildlife areas in southern africa. the three serotypes differed from one another by more than 40% while intratypic variation did not exceed 29%. within each type, isolates from particular countries were more closel ... | 1995 | 7867739 |
| a review of the possible mechanisms for the persistence of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | 1995 | 7867727 | |
| validation of an inhibition elisa using a monoclonal antibody for foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) primary diagnosis. | an inhibition elisa (ih-elisa) test for foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) was validated using 106 epithelial samples from suspected cases of fmd in argentina submitted to the argentine national diagnostics laboratory (gelab) over a period of 12 months and examined in parallel with the complement fixation test (cft). ih-elisa was found to be more sensitive, detecting 25% (26 samples) more fmdv positives than the cft in original suspensions of field samples. the effect of storage conditions on 1 ... | 1994 | 7839753 |
| a modified liquid phase (lp) blocking elisa used to assess type o foot-and-mouth disease virus antigenic variation in thailand. | a selection of type o foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) viruses isolated in thailand between 1986 and 1989 were compared to the reference viruses o1 thailand 1960 (o bkk/60) and o nakorn pathom 1965 (o npt/65) using a liquid-phase blocking elisa (lp elisa) to derive serum titres and associated r values. interpolation techniques were used to increase the precision for estimation of r values through a more accurate estimation of serum titres at predicted equivalent levels of antigen input. mean r value ... | 1994 | 7839587 |
| genetic variation of foot-and-mouth disease virus during persistent infection in cattle. | genetic variation of foot-and-mouth disease virus o1 campos has been analyzed in consecutive isolates recovered over a one- or two-year period from four cattle with experimental persistent infection. comparisons of rnase t1 two-dimensional maps and nucleotide sequences of the vp1-coding region revealed a continual, although irregular, increase in the fixation of mutations as the infection progressed. most changes were not conserved in consecutive isolates. these results, together with the substa ... | 1994 | 7831963 |
| characterization of an acid-resistant mutant of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | a foot-and-mouth disease virus mutant which is stable at ph 6.4 has been isolated from a virus of serotype a. in contrast to the parent (p) virus, which gave a mixture of large and small plaques in bhk21 cells and in a bovine kidney cell line, the acid-resistant (ar) virus gave small plaques which did not increase markedly in size after 24 hr. the infectivity titer of the acid-resistant virus was about 100-fold lower in suckling mice than in bhk21 cells, whether the inoculation was made intraper ... | 1995 | 7831827 |
| direct evaluation of the immunodominance of a major antigenic site of foot-and-mouth disease virus in a natural host. | the immunodominance of a major antigenic site of foot-to-mouth disease virus (fmdv) (serotype c; clone c-s8c1) in a natural host has been evaluated by serum immunoglobulin fractionation. nineteen sera from either convalescent or vaccinated swine were fractionated by affinity chromatography using a synthetic peptide representing antigenic site a (the g-h loop of capsid protein vp1) coupled to a sepharose matrix. antigen-binding and neutralizing activities of serum fractions were quantitated. on a ... | 1995 | 7831785 |
| demonstration of antibodies against foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) type o and asia-1 in non-descriptive crossbred calves. | sera from non-descriptive crossbred calves were screened for the presence of neutralizing antibodies against fmdv type o and asia-1 for a period up to 215 days. the antibody titer of 16 remained constant up to 215 days against type o and up to 190 days against type asia-1 virus in some animals. in majority of the animals the antibody titers remained constant up to three months. the possible reason for a frequent breakdown of immunity in the vaccinated animals even 3-4 months after vaccination co ... | 1994 | 7817899 |
| foot-and-mouth disease in ethiopia from 1988 to 1991. | during the period 1988 to 1991 samples from 16 foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in ethiopia were examined at the national veterinary institute, ethiopia, and at the fao world reference laboratory for foot-and-mouth disease, uk. typing of the virus responsible was possible in 13 of these outbreaks representing 10 separate disease events; 8 of these were caused by serotype o and 2 by serotype sat2. this is the first record of the presence of serotype sat2 foot-and-mouth disease virus in ethiopia. ... | 1994 | 7809989 |
| ompa fusion proteins for presentation of foreign antigens on the bacterial outer membrane. | the ompa genes of escherichia coli and shigella dysenteriae have been used to construct a group of enterobacterial surface expression vectors for foreign genes. linker oligonucleotides were inserted into the sequence corresponding to the third or fourth outer domain to allow in-frame sandwich fusion of foreign genes or epitopes into ompa. influenza haemagglutinin was inserted without its leader peptide and anchor sequences and shown to be transferred as an ompa fusion protein to the bacterial su ... | 1995 | 7796962 |
| serial passage in tissue culture of mixed foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes. | the foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus field specimen sau/8/88 was previously shown to consist of a mixture of o and asia 1 serotypes [15]. in this study, plaques representing the o and asia 1 components isolated from the original epithelial virus suspension were used to construct mixtures of known ratios, and these were serially passaged in tissue culture. after each passage, the ratio of o to asia 1 virus was calculated. the two virus populations were shown to be cycling through time. this cyc ... | 1995 | 7794118 |
| antibodies raised in a natural host and monoclonal antibodies recognize similar antigenic features of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | swine polyclonal antibodies directed against a major antigenic site (site a) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) of serotype c, and monoclonal antibodies (mabs) which recognize different epitopes within this site, have been compared with regard to reactivity with a panel of synthetic peptides. the peptides used represent different segments or variant sequences of site a, and their reactivities reflect differences in antigenic specificity. the results indicate a remarkable immunochemical simil ... | 1995 | 7793064 |
| expression in escherichia coli and purification of biologically active l proteinase of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) lb gene was cloned into bacterial expression vectors under the control of a t7 rna polymerase promoter. the lb protein was expressed in both an in vitro transcription-translation system and in escherichia coli. in vitro expression of a construct containing the lb gene fused to a portion of the vp4 and 3d genes demonstrated cis cleavage activity that could be blocked by the thiol protease inhibitor e-64. lb expressed in e. coli was purified from the soluble ... | 1995 | 7785315 |
| detection and subtyping of foot-and-mouth disease virus in infected cattle by polymerase chain reaction and amplified vp1 sequencing. | fast and accurate detection of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) outbreaks is needed to limit spread of the disease by proper vaccination. the use of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has revolutionized the way in which viral diseases are diagnosed. sequence analysis of the amplified vp1 sequence can enable the classification of fmd virus detected in the morbid animal. pcr assays were carried out to identify the virus and its serotype in suspect animals from 2 outbreaks of fmd type o virus. sequenc ... | 1995 | 7779964 |
| african swine fever virus infection of skin-derived dendritic cells in vitro causes interference with subsequent foot-and-mouth disease virus infection. | highly purified skin-derived dendritic cells (sddcs) isolated from swine skin by a simple novel method were cultured for 24 hours before independent or sequential inoculation with african swine fever virus (asfv) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). by avidin-biotin immunohistochemical staining, asfv antigen was detected in 50% of sddcs as early as 1.5 hours postinfection (hpi) and in 80% by 3 hpi when cytopathic effect was noted. cell lysis was detected with fmdv infection as early as 8 hpi ... | 1995 | 7779963 |
| african swine fever interference with foot-and-mouth disease infection and seroconversion in pigs. | initial oral infection of pigs with either highly virulent (l-60) or moderately virulent (dr-2) african swine fever virus (asfv), followed in 3 days with exposure to foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) (tongue inoculation and contact), failed to cause fmdv infection or seroconversion in 18 of 22 l-60-infected pigs and 13 of 34 dr-2-infected pigs. of the 13 dr-2-infected pigs remaining free of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd), 2 pigs survived to 24 days without antibody to fmdv, despite constant cont ... | 1995 | 7779962 |
| neutralizing activity in bovine secretions against foot-and-mouth disease virus. | 1995 | 7779950 | |
| sequences derived from the highly antigenic vp1 region 140 to 160 of foot-and-mouth disease virus do not prime for a bovine t-cell response against intact virus. | although vp1 region 140 to 160 of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is able to elicit neutralizing antibody in cattle, the protection against virus challenge that is conferred by peptide immunization is often poor. here, we show that bovine t cells primed with peptides derived from this region generally show no reactivity to intact fmdv. in contrast, t-cell epitope vp4[20-34] is able to prime for a virus-specific response. | 1995 | 7769713 |
| enhanced production of pl-controlled recombinant proteins and plasmid stability in escherichia coli reca+ strains. | overexpression of pl-controlled foot-and-mouth disease virus recombinant proteins was studied in escherichia coli reca+ strains and in a reca mutant. higher protein yield and extractable plasmid dna amounts were found in wild type cells, in absence of detectable reca proteolytic activity. minor but still significant differences in pbr322 dna amounts were also detected between reca+ and its reca13 and lexa1 derivatives. these data should be seriously considered to select expression systems and to ... | 1993 | 7764065 |
| uses of beta-galactosidase tag in on-line monitoring production of fusion proteins and gene expression in escherichia coli. | a simple method for monitoring and quantifying automatically the production by fermentation of beta-galactosidase fusion proteins, making use of the remaining activity of the beta-galactosidase part, is considered. a hybrid protein carrying the major antigenic domain of foot-and-mouth disease virus c1 joined at the n-terminus of beta-galactosidase has been expressed in escherichia coli. the yield of the chimeric protein has been monitored by flow injection analysis (fia) during batch fermentatio ... | 1993 | 7764038 |
| large deletions in the 5'-untranslated region of foot-and-mouth disease virus of serotype c. | nucleotide sequences of the 5'-untranslated region (5'-utr), at the 3'-side of the poly c tract, have been compared for 21 isolates of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) of serotype c from europe, south america and the philippines. a deletion of 43 nucleotides is present in the european isolates as compared with most american isolates. a larger deletion of 86 nucleotides is present in some viruses from south america and the philippines. these deletions include the loss of one or two pseudoknot ... | 1995 | 7762289 |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus lb proteinase can stimulate rhinovirus and enterovirus ires-driven translation and cleave several proteins of cellular and viral origin. | rhinovirus and enterovirus 2a proteinases stimulate translation initiation driven from the cognate internal ribosome entry segment (ires) (s. j. hambidge and p. sarnow, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 89:10272-10276, 1992; h.-d. liebig, e. ziegler, r. yan, k. hartmuth, h. klump, h. kowalski, d. blaas, w. sommergruber, l. frasel, b. lamphear, r. rhoads, e. kuechler, and t. skern, biochemistry 32:7581-7588, 1993). given the functional similarities between the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) l prote ... | 1995 | 7745693 |
| cleavage of transcripts of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv), asia1 serotype, by ribozymes targeted to the vp3 and vp4 genes. | two ribozyme genes were designed to cut within the vp4 and vp3 sequences of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) asia1 serotype genome. the two genes were synthesized and cloned into pbluescript under the control of the t3 promoter. the ribozyme designed to cut the vp4 gene contained two catalytic sequences targeted to two guc triplets that are 16 bases apart. the second ribozyme, intended to cut vp3, contained one catalytic sequence. ribozymes obtained from run-off transcription from both plasmi ... | 1995 | 7732660 |
| optimization of an in situ hybridization technique for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus in bovine tissues using the digoxigenin system. | an in situ hybridization technique has been optimised for use on paraffin-embedded sections of tissues collected from cattle infected experimentally with foot-and-mouth disease virus type o1bfs. tissue was collected 5 days after infection by direct contact. in situ hybridization was carried out using an rna probe corresponding to a region of the 3d gene which codes for the rna polymerase, and labelled with digoxigenin. consistent, reproducible signal was detected within the epithelial layers of ... | 1995 | 7730440 |
| comparative between-laboratory trials of the liquid-phase blocking sandwich elisa for the detection of antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease virus. | fifty bovine serum samples were tested for the presence or amounts of antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus serotypes a, o and c by the liquid-phase blocking sandwich elisa (lpb-elisa) using reagents prepared by the world reference laboratory for foot-and-mouth disease (wrl) in pirbright, u.k. twenty of the sera had been collected before extensive vaccination with a commercial inactivated trivalent fmd vaccine was ceased and the remaining thirty originated from animals which had not b ... | 1995 | 7716862 |
| rapid detection and characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus by restriction enzyme and nucleotide sequence analysis of pcr products. | reverse transcription coupled with pcr was used for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes a, c, and o in organ extracts from experimentally infected cattle. primers were selected from conserved sequences flanking the genome region coding for the major antigenic site of the capsid located in the c-terminal part of viral protein 1 (vp1). because this region of the capsid is highly variable its coding sequence is considered to be the most appropriate for the characterization of vi ... | 1995 | 7714205 |
| rapid coagglutination test for the detection and typing of foot and mouth disease virus. | protein a containing staphylococcus aureus was used to develop a coagglutination (coa) test for the detection and typing of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) o, a and c serotypes in infected cells and tissues. different batches and amounts of guinea pig anti-fmdv sera were assessed to optimize the preparation of coa conjugates. the sensitivity and specificity of the coa test for the detection of fmdv o, a and c serotypes and heterologous viruses was also characterized. comparison between the c ... | 1994 | 7714052 |
| interaction of eukaryotic initiation factor eif-4b with a picornavirus internal translation initiation site. | we studied the interaction of cellular proteins with the internal ribosome entry site (ires) of foot-and-mouth disease virus by uv cross-linking and observed specific binding of a 80-kda protein contained in cytosolic hela cell extract and in rabbit reticulocyte lysate. binding of the protein was dependent on the presence of atp. immunoprecipitation with eif-4b antiserum revealed that the protein is identical to the initiation factor eif-4b. deletions in the 3' part, but not in the 5' part, of t ... | 1995 | 7707504 |
| detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus-infected cattle by assessment of antibody response in oropharyngeal fluids. | the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv)-persistent carriers among convalescent ruminants is of paramount importance in the aftermath of a field outbreak. to this purpose, fmdv-specific antibody should be investigated first, since virus isolation procedures from such carriers are seriously constrained. the complexity of the overall picture may be compounded by possible emergency vaccinations in the affected areas at the beginning of the outbreak. in this case, it is suggested that mu ... | 1995 | 7699071 |
| new virus-specific t-helper epitopes of foot-and-mouth disease viral vp1 protein. | immunogenicity studies of synthetic peptides from different regions of vp1 protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus strain a22 revealed the following active fragments: 39-61, 50-69, 135-159, 175-189, 170-189 and 197-213. testing of virus neutralizing antibody production in rabbits primed by peptides and then inoculated by the virus showed that only peptides 135-159 and 170-189 were able to induce the functional t-cell helper activity. localization of virus-specific t-cell recognition sites in seq ... | 1993 | 7693508 |
| expression of an animal virus antigenic site on the surface of a plant virus particle. | to investigate if cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) particles can be used to express foreign protein sequences, oligonucleotides encoding an epitope derived from vp1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) were cloned into the region of the cpmv genome encoding the small (s) coat protein. the chimeras were designed so that the foreign sequence was expressed either as an insertion or as a replacement for part of the wild-type sequence. while rna from both chimeras was able to replicate in cowpea protopla ... | 1993 | 7692669 |
| new observations on antigenic diversification of rna viruses. antigenic variation is not dependent on immune selection. | recent results have revealed novel features in the process of antigenic diversification of fmdv. (i) antigenic variation is not necessarily the result of immune selection. (ii) single, critical amino acid replacements may either have a minor effect on antigenic specificity or cause a drastic antigenic change affecting many epitopes on an antigenic site. (iii) the effect of such a critical replacement may be suppressed by additional substitutions at neighbouring sites. (iv) antigenic diversificat ... | 1993 | 7691985 |
| characterization of monoclonal antibodies against a type sat 2 foot-and-mouth disease virus. | this paper is the first to describe characterization of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against a south african territories 2 (sat 2) foot-and-mouth disease virus (isolate rho 1/48). twelve mabs which neutralized homologous virus were characterized in indirect and sandwich elisa using purified rho 1/48 virus particles, subunits, trypsin-treated, and chemically denatured virus. all the mabs inhibited haemagglutination by parental virus. binding of the mabs to 73 sat 2 field isolates was measured in ... | 1993 | 7691630 |
| the use of monoclonal antibodies in the molecular typing of animal viruses. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) are biological reagents which have a definite structure. they identify epitopes with total specificity. such specificity is based on the exact physico-chemical structure of antigens. thus mabs provide a unique link between chemical structure and antigenic properties and can give great insight into the functional properties of biological agents. the author describes a number of applications of mabs in the characterisation of foot and mouth disease viruses for diagnost ... | 1993 | 7691272 |
| use of substituted and tandem-repeated peptides to probe the relevance of the highly conserved rgd tripeptide in the immune response against foot-and-mouth disease virus. | antigenic site a of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is an exposed, mobile loop which includes a central, highly conserved arg-gly-asp tripeptide (rgd, vp1 residues 141-143 in serotype c) thought to be part of the cell attachment site. we have analyzed the contribution of rgd to the interaction of site a with antibodies by incorporating selected amino acid replacements at rgd into synthetic peptides representing site a, and analyzing the reactivity of substituted peptides with site a-specific ... | 1993 | 7690714 |
| distinct repertoire of antigenic variants of foot-and-mouth disease virus in the presence or absence of immune selection. | antigenic variants of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) were generated and frequently became dominant in clonal populations of fmdv (clone c-s8c1) grown in the absence of anti-fmdv antibodies. we have now passaged eight samples of the same fmdv clone in the presence of a limited amount of neutralizing polyclonal antibodies directed to the major antigenic site a of capsid protein vp1. complex populations of variants showing increased resistance to polyclonal sera and to site a-specific monoclon ... | 1993 | 7690417 |
| use of the enterobacterial outer membrane protein phoe in the development of new vaccines and dna probes. | phoe protein is a major outer membrane protein of escherichia coli. the polypeptide spans the membrane 16 times, thereby exposing 8 regions at the cell surface. insertions in these regions did not affect the biogenesis of the protein. therefore, we considered the possibility of using phoe as a vector for the exposure of foreign antigenic determinants at the cell surface, with the ultimate goal of constructing new (live oral) vaccines. via recombinant dna techniques, b-cell epitopes of vp1 protei ... | 1993 | 7688607 |
| cyclic disulfide model of the major antigenic site of serotype-c foot-and-mouth disease virus. synthetic, conformational and immunochemical studies. | a cyclic disulfide peptide representing antigenic site a of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) strain c-s8c1 (residues 134 to 155 of viral protein 1 (vp1) with tyr136 and arg153 replaced by cystine; ttctasargdlahlttthachl) was synthesized by solid phase methods. formation of the cyclic disulfide was carried out by air oxidation of the fully deprotected and reduced bis-cysteine precursor, under high dilution conditions. the identity of the cyclic peptide was confirmed by both physical and enzyma ... | 1993 | 7688321 |
| genotypic and phenotypic changes of bhk-21 cells grown in suspension cultures. | the propagation of foot-and-mouth disease virus on bhk-21 suspension cells, although economically convenient, may yield a scarcely immunizing antigen. helpful insights were obtained by investigating a few genotypic and phenotypic features of the cell cultures. the appearance of polyploid populations, higher cell concentrations at the end of culturing, the progressive reduction of spreading on surfaces and an abnormal expression of the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin were found to be correlated with the ... | 1993 | 7686770 |
| amino acid changes outside the g-h loop of capsid protein vp1 of type o foot-and-mouth disease virus confer resistance to neutralization by antipeptide g-h serum. | antiserum to a peptide corresponding to the 135-154 sequence of capsid protein vp1 of the foot-and-mouth disease virus o1 kaufbeuren was raised in a pig. although this serum contained neutralizing antibodies, the pig showed clinical symptoms after challenge. virus isolated from this pig was identified as a mutant, with changes at positions 50, 198 and 211 of vp1 and at position 209 of vp2. this mutant, as well as a plaque isolate of it, differing from the challenge virus at positions 198 on vp1 ... | 1993 | 7680514 |
| topology of phoe porin: the 'eyelet' region. | a model for the topology of the phoe porin has been proposed according to which the polypeptide traverses the outer membrane sixteen times mostly as amphipathic beta-sheets, thereby exposing eight loops at the cell surface. until now, no evidence has been obtained for the surface exposure of the third loop. recently, the structure of porin of rhodobacter capsulatus has been determined. the proposed model of phoe is very similar to the structure of the r. capsulatus porin, which has an 'eyelet' r ... | 1993 | 7679770 |
| effect of expression of the aphthovirus protease 3c on viral infection and gene expression. | cells transformed with specific regions of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) genome have been constructed and analyzed with respect to viability and susceptibility to fmdv infection. constitutive expression of an active protease 3c under the control of the tk promoter has been documented by the ability of transformed cells to catalyze the processing of a p1 capsid precursor. high-level, transient expression but not low-level, constitutive expression, of 3c caused a 10-fold reduction in the ... | 1995 | 7676620 |
| detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus in nasal swabs of asymptomatic cattle by rt-pcr within 24 hours. | a method for extracting rna from animal-derived materials that provides foot-and-mouth disease viral template suitable for tth polymerase-dependent synthesis of cdna and subsequent pcr is described. viral genomes were detected in less than 24 h. nasal swabs that can be easily and repeatedly collected, proved suitable for virus detection by pcr, even during the asymptomatic stages of infection. | 1995 | 7673392 |
| effect of cleavage of the p220 subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor eif-4f on protein synthesis in vitro. | 1995 | 7672346 | |
| enhanced immunogenicity and cross-reactivity of retro-inverso peptidomimetics of the major antigenic site of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | retro-inverso analogues of peptides corresponding to the major antigenic site 141-159 of vp1 from two foot-and-mouth disease virus variants have been synthesized and tested for their antigenic and immunogenic properties. antibodies to the l- and retro-inverso peptides were produced by injecting rabbits with peptides covalently coupled to small unilamellar liposomes containing monophosphoryl lipid a as adjuvant. when compared to the antibody response raised against the l-peptides, the duration of ... | 1995 | 7670228 |
| mapping of functional domains in eukaryotic protein synthesis initiation factor 4g (eif4g) with picornaviral proteases. implications for cap-dependent and cap-independent translational initiation. | cap-dependent binding of mrna to the 40 s ribosomal subunit during translational initiation requires the association of eukaryotic initiation factor 4g (eif4g; formerly eif-4 gamma and p220) with other initiation factors, notably eif4e, eif4a, and eif3. infection of cells by picornaviruses results in proteolytic cleavage of eif4g and generation of a cap-independent translational state. rhinovirus 2a protease and foot-and-mouth-disease virus l protease were used to analyze the association of eif4 ... | 1995 | 7665619 |
| ultrastructural and replicative features of foot-and-mouth disease virus in persistently infected bhk-21 cells. | persistent foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus infection in vitro has been studied in a chronically infected cloned bhk-21 cell line. virus growth during serial cell passages was followed by infectivity assay and immunocytochemical staining. only a small percentage of cells (0.006-6%) was found to harbour virus during persistence. light and electron microscopy showed the presence of cytoplasmic protuberances ("blebs") at the surface of persistently infected cells. the curing of cell cultures was ... | 1995 | 7646338 |
| receptor binding site-deleted foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus protects cattle from fmd. | binding of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) to cells requires an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (rgd) sequence in the capsid protein vp1. we have genetically engineered an fmdv in which these three amino acids have been deleted, producing a virus particle which is unable to bind to cells. cattle vaccinated with these receptor binding site-deleted virions were protected from disease when challenged with a virulent virus, demonstrating that these rgd-deleted viruses could serve as the basis for ... | 1995 | 7637023 |
| the foot-and-mouth disease virus leader proteinase gene is not required for viral replication. | the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) leader (l) proteinase has only two known functions: (i) autocatalytic removal from the n terminus of the viral polyprotein and (ii) cleavage of the p220 subunit of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4f complex, which helps to shut off host protein synthesis. cleavage of p220 appears to be important for picornavirus replication, since rhinoviruses and enteroviruses utilize a different proteinase (2a) to cleave p220. to explore the role of l in fmdv replicatio ... | 1995 | 7636982 |
| bovine t cells preferentially recognize non-viral spacer epitopes in a putative fmdv vaccinal peptide. | in a group of immunized cattle with a variety of mhc class ii types, t-cell responses were detected to a synthetic peptide (fmdv15) proposed as a basis for a vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease. this peptide combines the loop region of vp1 with the c-terminal sequence connected by a spacer (pps). two major immunodominant regions of fmdv15 for bovine t cells were detected, one within the loop region and the other around the spacer. a substantial proportion of the t-cell response to fmdv15 was ... | 1995 | 7625121 |
| [the use of a carboxymethylcellulose coating for titrating the foot-and-mouth disease virus by the plate-culture method]. | 1995 | 7620781 | |
| identification of the active-site residues of the l proteinase of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) leader (l) protein is involved in autocatalytic cleavage at the l/p1 junction and in the cleavage of translation initiation factor p220, a subunit of the cap-binding protein complex. it has been suggested that this proteinase has homology to the papain-like family of cysteine proteinases, and from this information, we have investigated the active-site residues by introducing specific mutations into the l gene. mutations of cys-23 to ala or his-120 to leu r ... | 1995 | 7609064 |
| a recombinant foot-and-mouth disease virus antigen inhibits dna replication and triggers the sos response in escherichia coli. | the 3d gene of foot-and-mouth disease virus encodes the viral rna dependent rna polymerase, also called virus infection associated (via) antigen, which is the most important serological marker of virus infection. this 3d gene from a serotype c1 virus has been cloned and overexpressed in escherichia coli under the control of the strong lambda lytic promoters. the resulting 51 kda recombinant protein has been shown to be immunoreactive with sera from infected animals. after induction of gene expre ... | 1995 | 7607396 |
| m7gpppg cap dependence for efficient translation of drosophila 70-kda heat-shock-protein (hsp70) mrna. | to investigate whether preferential translation of the heat-shock mrnas occurs via cap-independent translation, the requirement for the m7gpppg cap structure for efficient translation of 70-kda heat-shock-protein (hsp70) mrna was quantified by in vitro translation and by in vivo translation following electroporation. hsp70 mrna was transcribed in vitro with and without a cap structure. translation in the rabbit reticulocyte or wheat germ lysate was reduced about 70% when the cap was absent. for ... | 1995 | 7588716 |
| use of disinfectants in zoos and game parks. | disinfection is used in the animal quarters of zoos and game parks as an adjunct to physical cleaning and the removal of potentially contaminated materials. disinfection is particularly useful in reducing infection risks in young animal nursery facilities, and in routine cleaning operations of animal quarters and feeding utensils. specific disinfectants may be selected for certain known microbial contaminants following an infectious disease outbreak. for example, premises contaminated by foot an ... | 1995 | 7579642 |
| inactivation of viruses in liquid manure. | the stability of some viruses and methods of virus inactivation in liquid manure are reviewed. the authors discuss experimental data on the stability of foot and mouth disease virus, classical swine fever virus, aujeszky's disease virus, african swine fever virus, swine influenza virus, porcine paramyxovirus, bovine virus diarrhoea virus and transmissible gastroenteritis of pigs virus. recommendations and practical advice are given for the choice and application of chemical disinfectants for slu ... | 1995 | 7579641 |
| a 10-amino-acid linear sequence of vp1 of foot and mouth disease virus containing b- and t-cell epitopes induces protection in mice. | the area of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) comprising residues 140 and 160 of capsid protein vp1 has been used extensively as an immunogen in natural and experimental hosts. a detailed epitope mapping of this region, however, has not been reported. for this purpose a synthetic peptide containing the residues 135 to 160 (p135-160) of vp1 of fmdv o1 campos was analyzed for its t- and b-cell epitopes. the p135-160 is highly immunogenic, either by itself or coupled to a carrier protein (bsa), e ... | 1995 | 7571431 |
| [susceptibility of picornaviruses++ to an antiviral of plant origin (meliacin)]. | meliacine, a peptide associated with antiviral activity isolated from the high plant melia azedarach l (ma) inhibits the replication of different strains of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) and poliovirus in bhk-21 or vero cells, respectively, infected at a multiplicity of infection (m.o.i.) of 1. a leaf extract of ma, containing meliacine was added to the culture medium after virus adsorption and maintained up to virus harvest (18 hs). fmdv o1 campos and o69 strains showed 60% and 52% inhibi ... | 1995 | 7568867 |
| antigenic analysis of sat 2 serotype foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates from zimbabwe using monoclonal antibodies. | this paper compares strains of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) serotype sat (south african territories) 2 viruses isolated from zimbabwe and other african countries using monoclonal antibodies (mab). a sandwich-elisa was used to examine the relative binding of anti-sat 2 mab to the various viruses. the mab-binding profiles of viruses isolated from field samples were compared using hierarchical cluster analysis. viruses were obtained from game animals, mainly african buffalo (syncerus caffer) which ... | 1995 | 7543860 |
| response of foot-and-mouth disease virus c3 resende to immunological pressure exerted in vitro by antiviral polyclonal sera. | the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) shows a remarkable antigenic variability. like other rna viruses, fmdv has a high mutation rate and it has been proposed that selection exerted by antibodies of the host could play a major role in its evolution. in this work, antiserum-resistant variants of fmdv (nr variants) were selected upon 25 serial passages of a cloned c3 resende strain on secondary monolayers of fetal bovine kidney (fbk-2) cells in the presence of subneutralizing levels of antiviral ... | 1995 | 7542827 |
| structure of the major antigenic loop of foot-and-mouth disease virus complexed with a neutralizing antibody: direct involvement of the arg-gly-asp motif in the interaction. | the crystal structure of a synthetic peptide representing the major antigenic loop of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), complexed with the fab fragment of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody raised against the virus, has been determined at 2.8 a resolution. the peptide shows a high degree of internal structure with a nearly cyclic conformation. the conserved arg-gly-asp motif, involved in the viral attachment of aphtoviruses to cells, participates directly in the interaction with several compl ... | 1995 | 7537661 |
| the influence of mhc polymorphism on the selection of t-cell determinants of fmdv in cattle. | there is a quest for the development of a new generation of vaccines consisting of well-defined subunit antigens. for a number of practical reasons it is attractive to develop vaccines on the basis of synthetic peptides. however, their efficacy may be limited by genetic restrictions imposed on t-cell recognition via major histocompatibility complex (mhc) polymorphism, as shown by many studies using inbred animal species. to study the effect of mhc polymorphism in an outbred species, we selected ... | 1995 | 7534267 |
| antibodies to the vitronectin receptor (integrin alpha v beta 3) inhibit binding and infection of foot-and-mouth disease virus to cultured cells. | the amino acid sequence arg-gly-asp (rgd) is highly conserved on the vp1 proteins of different serotypes and subtypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) and is essential for cell attachment. this sequence is also found in certain extracellular matrix proteins that bind to a family of cell surface receptors called integrins. within the picornaviridae family, enterovirus coxsackievirus a9 also has an rgd motif on its vp1 capsid protein and has recently been shown to utilize the vitronectin rec ... | 1995 | 7533862 |
| antigenic specificity of porcine t cell response against foot-and-mouth disease virus structural proteins: identification of t helper epitopes in vp1. | the contribution of each of the viral capsid proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) in the t cell response of vaccinated pigs has been studied. viral polypeptides, vp1 to vp4, were expressed as fusion proteins in escherichia coli, and were used to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells of vaccinated animals. significant, dose-dependent responses to whole virion were detected in the seven animals analyzed and, in five of them, responses to recombinant polypeptides vp1, vp2, and vp3 ... | 1994 | 7526534 |
| vaccines prepared from chimeras of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) induce neutralizing antibodies and protective immunity to multiple serotypes of fmdv. | the g-h loop of vp1 (residues 132 to 159) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is a prominent feature on the virion surface and has an important role in vaccine efficacy, generation of antigenic variants, and cell binding. using an infectious cdna of fmdv, we have constructed serotype a viruses in which the g-h loop has been substituted with the homologous sequences from serotype o or c. these chimeric viruses replicated to high titer and displayed plaque morphologies similar to those of wild- ... | 1994 | 7523697 |
| unprocessed foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid precursor displays discontinuous epitopes involved in viral neutralization. | a foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) cdna cassette containing sequences encoding the capsid precursor p1, peptide 2a and a truncated 2b (abbreviated p1-2a) of type c fmdv, has been modified to generate the authentic amino terminus and the myristoylation signal. this construct has been used to produce a recombinant baculovirus (acmm53) which, upon infection of spodoptera frugiperda insect cells, expressed a recombinant p1-2a precursor with a high yield. this polyprotein reacted with neutralizing ... | 1994 | 7515974 |
| immunogenicity of foot-and-mouth disease virus grown in bhk-21 suspension cells. correlation with cell ploidy alterations and abnormal expression of the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin. | bhk-21 suspension cells were characterized with regard to genetic and phenotypic features which might adversely affect the immunogenic properties of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) grown therein. a positive correlation was found between number of passages in suspension culture and both prevalence of polyploid cells and reduced cell growth on surfaces. suspension cells also revealed differences in the expression of rgd-specific integrins and, in particular, of alpha 5 beta 1, which was shown ... | 1994 | 7511862 |
| characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus by monoclonal antibodies. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced against foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus types o1 campos br1/58, a24 cruzeiro br1/55, and c3 indaial br1/71, which are the strains used for production of fmd vaccines in the majority of south american countries. within the library of mabs produced, a group was selected on the basis of their neutralizing titer in cell culture, protective titer in suckling mice, sensitivity to trypsin, and specificity for virus structural proteins. the mabs were utilize ... | 1993 | 7507329 |
| expression of the vp3-vp1 sequence of foot-and-mouth disease virus in escherichia coli. | 1. cdna recombinants containing the vp3 and vp1 sequences of foot-and-mouth disease virus were isolated and the vp3-vp1 sequence was reconstructed. 2. the reconstructed vp3-vp1 sequence was subcloned into expression vector pex31b and a fusion protein of about 62,000 da was expressed. 3. when injected into mice, the fusion protein was able to elicit the production of antibodies that recognized viral vp1 and vp3. 4. antibodies present in sera from mice immunized with vp3-vp1 protein did not neutra ... | 1993 | 7504968 |
| molecular epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) in israel in 1994 and in other middle-eastern countries in the years 1992-1994. | the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and direct sequencing were employed in the diagnosis and typing of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) in samples taken during the 1994 disease outbreak in israel. using pcr, virus isolation and serological methods it was shown that the 1994 disease outbreak in israel and other middle-eastern countries was caused by o1 type virus. direct pcr sequencing of vp1 genes and homology analysis of the virus isolates revealed that there were tw ... | 1995 | 7503679 |
| protective effect of lidocaine in the experimental foot-and-mouth disease pancreatitis. | experimental infection of mice with foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) induces a necrotizing pancreatitis of the exocrinar portion of the organ. the lesions are characterized by vascular congestion, edema and interstitial polymorphonuclear leukocyte (pmn) infiltrates. when infected mice were treated with different amounts of lidocaine (a local anesthetic, chemically defined as a tertiary amide compound), reduction in intensity of the pancreatic necrosis and in the number of pmn were observed. e ... | 1995 | 7498445 |
| inducible expression of the p, v, and np genes of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 in cell lines and an examination of np-p and np-v interactions. | the p, v, and np genes of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (sv5) were cloned such that their expression was regulated by the tetracycline-controlled transactivator (m. gossen and h. bujard, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 89:5547-5551, 1992), and mammalian cell lines that inducibly expressed individually the p, v, or np protein or coexpressed the p plus np or v plus np proteins were isolated. a plasmid that expresses the tetracycline-controlled transactivator linked, via the foot-and-mouth disease vi ... | 1995 | 7494313 |
| quantification of whole virus particles (146s) of foot-and-mouth disease virus in the presence of virus subunits (12s), using monoclonal antibodies in a sandwich elisa. | this paper describes a method for the specific quantification of whole virions of foot-and-mouth disease (146s) in the presence of virus subunits (12s). the method involves the use of virus neutralising monoclonal antibodies directed against a linear epitope of the vp1 loop region of a type o virus. the monoclonal antibodies were used as both capture and detecting reagents (labelled with horse radish peroxidase) in a sandwich elisa. such monoclonal antibodies also have the advantage that they do ... | 1995 | 7491813 |
| identification of the active-site residues of the 3c proteinase of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | to identify the active-site residues of the 3c proteinase of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), we introduced mutations into the 3c coding region and examined the activity of mutant enzymes on various substrates. based on alignment of fmdv 3c with other picornavirus 3c proteinases and with the trypsin family of serine proteinases, mutations were introduced at residues presumed to be part of the catalytic triad, involved in substrate binding, or present in nonconserved regions. wild-type and mu ... | 1995 | 7491782 |
| pathogenesis of foot-and-mouth disease in swine, studied by in-situ hybridization. | eight 7-month-old pigs were inoculated intradermally with 10(3) plaque-forming units of foot-and-mouth disease virus, type o, and killed 24, 48, 72, or 96 h later. numerous tissues from each animal were collected and examined histopathologically and by in-situ hybridization to determine the presence of virus and its correlation with lesion development. the probe for in-situ hybridization was a biotinylated 500-base negative-sense transcription product corresponding to a portion of the gene encod ... | 1995 | 7490337 |
| in vitro synthesis of foot-and-mouth disease virus specific antibodies by porcine leukocytes. | we have characterized the in vitro secondary antibody response to fmdv of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from immunized pigs. the results obtained indicated that primed swine leukocytes can support an in vitro t-b cell cooperation which is functional and leads to the production of viral specific antibodies. the response was shown to be independent of viral replication, being induced by both infective and inactivated virus as well as by recombinant polypeptides vp1 and vp3. in all case ... | 1995 | 7487496 |
| antigenic variants in a plaque-isolate of foot-and-mouth disease virus: implications for vaccine production. | the occurrence of many subtypes within a serotype of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) makes it difficult to control the disease by vaccination. although inactivated vaccines are used successfully in many countries, the appearance in the field of antigenic variants against which the vaccines do not confer protection is a constant problem in vaccine manufacture. we had found previously a mixture of antigenic variants in a field isolate of serotype a12. in this report we demonstrate the presence ... | 1995 | 7483796 |
| isotype profiles induced in balb/c mice during foot and mouth disease (fmd) virus infection or immunization with different fmd vaccine formulations. | the igg isotype response in balb/c mice infected with fmdv or immunized with different vaccine formulations using inactivated virus particles as antigen was analyzed at various times post-inoculation. for this purpose an elisa based on polyclonal antibodies for detection and quantification of mouse igg isotypes with fmd virus (fmdv) specificity was developed. three immunomodulators, which have been shown to be very effective in inducing strong and long-lasting antibody responses (bahnemann, arch ... | 1995 | 7483770 |
| immune response of calves to foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine emulsified with oil adjuvant. strategies of vaccination. | calves born to vaccinated cows under the regular annual vaccination programme were vaccinated at different ages using commercial quadrivalent (01, a79, a87 and c85 fmdv strains) vaccine emulsified in oil adjuvant. the antibody responses of vaccinated calves were evaluated using liquid-phase blocking sandwich elisa. all calves 20, 30 and 40 days old having high maternal antibody titres responded well to vaccination. moreover, 25-57% of vaccinated calves showed protective antibody titres both at 9 ... | 1995 | 7483763 |
| foot and mouth disease virus replication in bovine skin langerhans cells under in vitro conditions detected by rt-pcr. | the replication of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) was studied in isolated bovine skin langerhans cells (lc), in keratinocytes from epidermal cell suspension, and in migrating lc obtained from cultured bovine epidermal sheets in vitro. viral rna replication in infected cells was determined by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) of the negative fmdv rna strand and by the plaque forming assay of fmdv. it was established that bovine skin lc, keratinocytes, and migratory ... | 1995 | 7483289 |
| identification of critical amino acids within the foot-and-mouth disease virus leader protein, a cysteine protease. | the leader protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is the first component of the virus polyprotein. it is synthesized in two forms, lab and lb, both of which display the ability to cleave the l/p1 junction in trans and to induce the cleavage of the cap-binding complex component eif-4g (p220). the l protease has weak homology to the family of cysteine proteases, which have a catalytic dyad composed of a cysteine and a histidine. mutations have been introduced into fmdv cdna to modify each ... | 1995 | 7483257 |
| picornavirus internal ribosome entry segments: comparison of translation efficiency and the requirements for optimal internal initiation of translation in vitro. | on the basis of primary sequence comparisons and secondary structure predictions, picornavirus internal ribosome entry segments (ireses) have been divided into three groups (entero- and rhinoviruses; cardio- and and aphthoviruses; and hepatitis a virus). here, we describe a detailed comparison of the ability of ireses from each group to direct internal initiation of translation in vitro using a single dicistronic mrna (the only variable being the ires inserted into the dicistronic region). we st ... | 1995 | 7478993 |
| [cloning fragments of the rna polymerase gene of an attenuated variant of the foot-and-mouth disease virus a22]. | the cdna fragments complementary to rna-polymerase gene and 3'-untranslated genome region of attenuated foot-and-mouth disease virus strain a(22)645 have been synthesized and cloned into a plasmid vector puc19 in e. coli jm109. the cloned cdna fragments were characterized as to their size, orientation towards the plasmid, and localization in the virus genome. restriction maps for complete gene and two cdna clones were constructed. | 1995 | 7477032 |
| symposium: international challenges and perspectives: internationalism and survival of foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle and food products. | foot-and-mouth disease is a serious world-wide economic disease of livestock and diverse animal species. the closing of borders to infected countries is a frequent aftermath of disease outbreaks. historically, animals and animal products have been implicated as vehicles for transmission of the disease. control programs encompass stringent importation policies, vaccination, quarantine, and slaughter. joint efforts have been instituted successfully in previous control campaigns and would be the lo ... | 1980 | 7400424 |
| herpes type 2 infection with unusual generalised manifestations and delayed diagnosis in an adult male. | a case of severe generalised herpes simplex type 2 infection is described in an adult male who had known exposure to herpes. the patient first complained of headache, fever and neurological symptoms, and three to six days later of conjunctivitis, severe pharyngitis, arthralgia and vesicular lesions about the body. during the first 14 days of illness, including three in hospital, the patient was diagnosed as having infection with varicella virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, or hand-foot-and-mouth ... | 1983 | 6875292 |
| protective role of foot-and-mouth disease virus antibody in vitro and in vivo in guinea-pigs. | 1983 | 6834003 |