Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| respiratory syncytial virus activity--united states, 2000-01 season. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has a worldwide distribution and can cause serious lower respiratory tract illness (lrti). rsv is most commonly considered a pathogen among infants and young children; however, it can cause serious lrti throughout life, especially among those with compromised respiratory, cardiac, or immune systems and the elderly. in temperate climates, rsv infections occur primarily during annual outbreaks, which peak during winter months. in the united states, rsv activity is ... | 2002 | 11820526 |
| pharmacokinetics of a benzodithiin (rd3-0028) following aerosol treatment in rat. | 1. rd3-0028, a benzodithiin compound, has potent antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in cell culture. the compound also inhibits growth of rsv and improves pathologic changes of interstitial pneumonia in the immunosuppressed mouse when delivered by small-particle aerosol. 2. in the present study, the absorption, distribution and excretion of 14c-rd3-0028 were compared in rat following either a single aerosol treatment or oral administration. 3. the plasma concentration w ... | 2002 | 11820507 |
| an aged mouse model for rsv infection and diminished cd8(+) ctl responses. | recent studies indicate that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), like influenza, causes significant morbidity and mortality among elderly persons. there are currently no animal models to study the effects of aging on rsv disease and immunity. this manuscript provides an initial description of such a model. aged and young balb/c mice (22-24 and 2-4 months, respectively) were infected with 10(4) tcid(50) of rsv a2. rsv was detected by culture in lung and nose wash specimens obtained 4-6 days follow ... | 2002 | 11815677 |
| human respiratory syncytial virus surface glycoproteins f, g and sh form an oligomeric complex. | in order to study structural associations, rsv surface glycoproteins were evaluated using heparin agarose affinity chromatography (haac). when rsv-infected cell lysate was analyzed by haac, all three surface glycoproteins, (f, g and sh), were eluted. similarly, when separate lysates from vero cells infected with vaccinia recombinants expressing f (vvf), g (vvg) and sh (vvsh) proteins were subjected to haac, only vvf and vvg expressed proteins bound to heparin, whereas vvsh expressed protein did ... | 2001 | 11811686 |
| efficient polyadenylation of rous sarcoma virus rna requires the negative regulator of splicing element. | rous sarcoma virus pre-mrna contains an element known as the negative regulator of splicing (nrs) that acts to inhibit viral rna splicing. the nrs binds serine/arginine-rich (sr) proteins, hnrnp h and the u1/u11 snrnps, and appears to inhibit splicing by acting as a decoy 5' splice site. deletions within the gag gene that encompass the nrs also lead to increased read-through past the viral polyadenylation site, suggesting a role for the nrs in promoting polyadenylation. using nrs-specific deleti ... | 2002 | 11809895 |
| association between surfactant protein a gene locus and severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes seasonal epidemics of bronchiolitis among susceptible infants. surfactant protein a (sp-a), a lung c-type lectin involved in innate host defense, opsonizes rsv and enhances phagocytosis. the candidate gene approach was used to investigate association of sp-a polymorphism with susceptibility to severe rsv infection. genotype analysis was done for 86 infants with severe rsv infection and 95 matched control subjects. a significant difference in the frequency ... | 2002 | 11807709 |
| virus-specific ctl responses induced by an h-2k(d)-restricted, motif-negative 15-mer peptide from the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus. | we describe 15-mer peptide p8:f92-106 from the f protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) that can act as an mhc class i-restricted (h-2k(d)) epitope for rsv-specific cd8(+) ctl. this peptide is interesting because not only is it the first murine ctl epitope to be identified in the f protein but also because it does not contain a known allele-specific motif, as all 15 amino acids appear to be required for effective presentation to ctl. in in vitro mhc class i refolding experiments, peptide p ... | 2002 | 11807236 |
| antiviral chinese medicinal herbs against respiratory syncytial virus. | forty-four medicinal herbs were tested for antiviral activities against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) by means of the cytopathologic effect (cpe) assay. twenty-seven of the 44 medicinal herbs showed potent or moderate antiviral activities against rsv with 50% inhibition concentration (ic(50)) ranging from 6.3 to 52.1 microg/ml, and with selectivity index (si) ranging from 2.0 to 32.1. further purification of the active extracts from sophora flavescens ait. and scutellaria baicalensis georgi ... | 2002 | 11801383 |
| regulated gene expression in the chicken embryo by using replication-competent retroviral vectors. | rous sarcoma virus (rsv)-derived retroviral vector could efficiently deliver the green fluorescent protein (gfp), which is driven by the internal cytomegalovirus enhancer/promoter, into restricted cell populations in the chicken embryo. rsv-derived vectors coupled with the tet regulatory elements also revealed doxycycline-dependent inducible gfp expression in the chicken embryo in ovo. | 2002 | 11799192 |
| mapping the transcription and replication promoters of respiratory syncytial virus. | an important, unresolved issue in mononegavirus biology is whether or not transcription is initiated by the same promoter as rna replication. in this study, residues important for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) transcription and rna replication were identified by subjecting the first 26 nucleotides of genome rna to saturation mutagenesis. this analysis was performed using a genome analog that allowed transcription and rna replication to be dissociated from each other and monitored as independ ... | 2002 | 11799161 |
| functional replacement and positional dependence of homologous and heterologous l domains in equine infectious anemia virus replication. | we have previously demonstrated by gag polyprotein budding assays that the gag p9 protein of equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) utilizes a unique ypdl motif as a late assembly domain (l domain) to facilitate release of the budding virus particle from the host cell plasma membrane (b. a. puffer, l. j. parent, j. w. wills, and r. c. montelaro, j. virol. 71:6541-6546, 1997). to characterize in more detail the role of the ypdl l domain in the eiav life cycle, we have examined the replication prop ... | 2002 | 11799151 |
| [viral respiratory infections as cause of fever in hospitalized aged patients during a winter season]. | in the geriatric units of the university hospital of saint-etienne, 129 cases of fever (38 degrees c or more) were recorded prospectively during the 1995-1996 winter period in a population of 503 hospitalised patients (25.6%), and were investigated for the detection of a viral aetiology. | 2001 | 11794888 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection suppresses lung cd8+ t-cell effector activity and peripheral cd8+ t-cell memory in the respiratory tract. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of morbidity from respiratory infection in infants, young children and the elderly. no effective vaccine against rsv is currently available and studies of the natural history of rsv infection suggest repeated infections with antigenically related virus strains are common throughout an individual's lifetime. we have studied the cd8+ t-cell response during experimental murine rsv infection and found that rsv inhibits the expression of effector act ... | 2002 | 11786907 |
| increased activity of c-src and csk in fibroblasts transformed by v-src oncogene. | when c-src and v-src were immunoprecipitated together from hamster fibroblasts transformed by rous sarcoma virus containing v-src oncogene, the total src activity was almost threefold higher compared to c-src activity in the control cells. the activity of v-src immunoprecipitated separately, however, accounting for only 40% of the total src activity, indicating that c-src is activated upon transformation. an increased activity of csk was also found in rsv-transformed cells. it decreased upon ser ... | 2002 | 11785970 |
| pre-emptive oral ribavirin therapy of paramyxovirus infections after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a pilot study. | infections with the paramyxoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and parainfluenza virus (piv) can result in serious morbidity and mortality after haemopoietic stem cell transplant (hsct). once pneumonia develops, the outcome of these infections is often poor despite anti-viral therapy. aerosolised ribavirin has been evaluated as pre-emptive therapy for post-transplant rsv infections with some success. due to the financial and logistic burden involved with the use of aerosolised ribavirin, ... | 2001 | 11781627 |
| molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus. | to determine the epidemiologic pattern of subgroups a and b and genotypes of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) during two noncontinuous epidemics during 1990-1991 and 1997-1998 in beijing. | 2001 | 11780455 |
| influenza diagnosis and treatment: a view from clinical practice. | influenza is a descriptive term for respiratory epidemic disease presenting with cough and fever. influenza viruses are probably the most important of the pathogens that cause this condition. clinical influenza occurs almost every winter in england and wales and the outbreaks last 8-10 weeks. in recent years, influenza b virus outbreaks have occurred in january and february, whereas influenza h3n2 virus outbreaks have generally started long before christmas. influenza h3n2 virus outbreaks pressu ... | 2001 | 11779394 |
| respiratory virus infections in stem cell transplant patients: the european experience. | the frequency of and survival from community-acquired respiratory virus (crv) infections among patients undergoing allogeneic or autologous stem cell transplantation (sct) were evaluated in a prospective study conducted at 37 medical centers affiliated with the european group for blood and marrow transplantation. of the 40 crv infections diagnosed in 1863 patients (739, allogeneic sct; 1124, autologous sct), 20 were attributed to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), 4 to parainfluenza viruses, and ... | 2001 | 11777102 |
| guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections among hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: focus on community respiratory virus infections. | guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections among hematopoietic stem cell transplant (hsct) recipients, cosponsored by the centers for disease control and prevention, the infectious diseases society of america, and the american society for blood and marrow transplantation, were issued in october 2000. the guidelines recommend that to minimize transmission of community respiratory virus (crv) infection, health care workers and visitors with symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection be ... | 2001 | 11777100 |
| preemptive treatment of pediatric bone marrow transplant patients with asymptomatic respiratory syncytial virus infection with aerosolized ribavirin. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a cause of serious respiratory infections in pediatric patients. rsv infection may be especially devastating in pediatric bone marrow transplant (bmt) recipients. because of the high mortality attributed to rsv lower respiratory tract infection, a pilot study of preemptive treatment of asymptomatic rsv shedding in pediatric bmt recipients was conducted. nasopharyngeal wash specimens from 25 pediatric bmt recipients were screened for rsv infection prior to pat ... | 2001 | 11777099 |
| community-acquired respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus infections after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: the fred hutchinson cancer research center experience. | community respiratory viruses (crvs) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality among recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants (hsct). at the fred hutchinson cancer research center, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and parainfluenza virus (piv) infections in hsct recipients have been studied intensively for more than a decade. over time, mortality from these infections has declined as the approach to diagnosis has become more aggressive and more stringent preventive measures hav ... | 2001 | 11777098 |
| [mite-induced interleukin-5 and interleukin-4 expressions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from asthmatic children with respiratory syncytial virus infection]. | to investigate the effects of respiratory syncytial virus(rsv) infection on mite-induced interleukin-5 and interleukin-4 expressions in cultures of pbmc from asthmatic children and their correlation with asthmatic symptoms. | 1999 | 11775916 |
| update on the development and use of viral and bacterial vaccines for the prevention of acute otitis media. | acute otitis media (aom) is the most frequent diagnosis in physician offices among children 1-4 years of age. viruses that cause upper respiratory tract infections (i.e., respiratory syncytial virus [rsv], influenza virus, parainfluenza virus [piv], and others) play an important role in the development of aom. prevention of infections with these viral pathogens likely would reduce the incidence of aom. in three previous studies, influenza virus vaccines showed 30-36% efficacy against the develop ... | 2001 | 11775392 |
| respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein mediates inhibition of mitogen-induced t-cell proliferation by contact. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) are major pathogens in infants and calves, respectively. experimental brsv infection of calves and lambs is associated with lymphopenia and a reduction in responsiveness of peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbls) to mitogens ex vivo. in this report, we show that in vitro mitogen-induced proliferation of pbls is inhibited after contact with rsv-infected and uv-inactivated cells or with cells expressing rsv envelope ... | 2002 | 11773392 |
| mucosal immunization of rhesus monkeys against respiratory syncytial virus subgroups a and b and human parainfluenza virus type 3 by using a live cdna-derived vaccine based on a host range-attenuated bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 vector backbone. | reverse genetics was used to develop a two-component, trivalent live attenuated vaccine against human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) subgroups a and b. the backbone for each of the two components of this vaccine was the attenuated recombinant bovine/human piv3 (rb/hpiv3), a recombinant bpiv3 in which the bovine hn and f protective antigens are replaced by their hpiv3 counterparts (48). this chimera retains the well-characterized host range attenuation ph ... | 2002 | 11773385 |
| community well being and infectious diseases among alaska native communities in the chugach region. | this study sought to examine how native people of the chugach region of alaska perceive their own communities' health and well being, particularly in regard to infectious diseases. | 2001 | 11768448 |
| bronchiolitis in inuit children from a canadian central arctic community, 1995-1996. | during the winter and summer of 1996 two outbreaks of bronchiolitis occurred among inuit children in the canadian arctic community of arviat. the epidemiology and clinical features of these epidemics were studied through a chart review of bronchiolitis cases occurring from september 1, 1995 to august 31, 1996. the attack rate over the year was 57% and the incidence was 1.25 cases per child-year at risk. the median age of cases was 9 months. children developing bronchiolitis were more likely to b ... | 2001 | 11768447 |
| preventive and therapeutic strategies for respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) remains an important cause of pneumonitis in infants and in the elderly and immunosuppressed. passive immunoprophylaxis of high-risk infants with the humanised monoclonal antibody palivizumab reduces rsv-related hospitalisation and admission to intensive care units by about 50%, although optimal and cost-effective use of this agent remains undefined. the development of an rsv vaccine is the focus of much research and recent advances with live attenuated vaccines ... | 2001 | 11764776 |
| soybean mosaic virus (smv) and the smv resistance gene (rsv(1)): influence on phomopsis spp. seed infection in an aphid free environment. | infection of soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.] plants with soybean mosaic virus (smv) has been reported to enhance phomopsis spp. infection, which reduces seed quality. the timing and incidence of smv infection depends largely upon the level of primary inoculum and aphid-activity. two field experiments were conducted in aphid-free environments, to examine the influence of (i) smv-infection, and (ii) smv-resistance alleles of the rsv(1) gene, on the incidence of phomopsis spp. seed infection. in t ... | 2002 | 11756270 |
| multiple glycosylated forms of the respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein are expressed in virus-infected cells. | analysis of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion (f) protein in rsv-infected vero cells showed the presence of a single f1 subunit and at least two different forms of the f2 subunit, designated f2a (21 kda) and f2b (16 kda), which were collectively referred to as [f2](a/b). enzymatic deglycosylation of [f2](a/b) produced a single 10 kda product suggesting that [f2](a/b) arises from differences in the glycosylation pattern of f2a and f2b. the detection of [f2](a/b) was dependent upon the ... | 2002 | 11752701 |
| in situ prostate cancer gene therapy using a novel adenoviral vector regulated by the caveolin-1 promoter. | caveolin-1, a structural component of caveolae, is overexpressed in metastatic and androgen-resistant prostate cancer and highly expressed in tumor-associated endothelial cells. the mouse cav-1 promoter was cloned and placed upstream of the hsv-tk gene in an adenoviral vector (adcav-1tk) and compared with a cytomegalovirus (cmv) or rous sarcoma virus (rsv) promoter-driven hsv-tk, adcmvtk and adrsvtk vectors, respectively. mouse and human prostate cancer cells and mouse endothelial cells were inf ... | 2001 | 11751529 |
| association of tobacco smoke exposure and respiratory syncitial virus infection with airways reactivity in early childhood. | exposure to infectious agents and environmental tobacco smoke are thought to induce bronchial hyperresponsiveness (bhr). this study was undertaken to determine the effects of passive exposure to tobacco smoke and respiratory syncitial virus (rsv) lower respiratory infection (lri) during infancy on the occurrence of bhr in the first 2 years of life. eighty-six cases of documented rsv (mean age, 188 days) and 78 controls (mean age, 162 days) were enrolled from the clinic and in-patient service of ... | 2001 | 11747244 |
| rapid and sensitive detection of respiratory virus infections for directed antiviral treatment using r-mix cultures. | the development of new anti-influenza drugs has led to concerns regarding the impact on healthcare costs if they are used indiscriminately. restricting their use to proven influenza virus infections has the potential to overcome costly inappropriate therapy. however, conventional culture (cc) does not generate results quickly enough to facilitate the timely initiation of treatment, and rapid detection tests have suboptimal sensitivity. we therefore investigated a new rapid culture system (r-mix) ... | 2002 | 11744435 |
| glucocorticoid administration accelerates mortality of pneumovirus-infected mice. | the use of glucocorticoids for the treatment of symptoms associated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection has been questioned. to evaluate the sequelae of glucocorticoid administration in the setting of pneumovirus infection in vivo, hydrocortisone was administered to mice infected with pneumonia virus of mice (pvm), a pneumovirus and natural rodent pathogen that is closely related to rsv and replicates the signs and symptoms of severe human rsv infection. results showed that hydrocor ... | 2001 | 11740726 |
| respiratory syncytial virus vaccine: a systematic overview with emphasis on respiratory syncytial virus subunit vaccines. | to explore whether rsv vaccines are efficacious in preventing respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory infection (lri). | 2001 | 11738763 |
| risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus-associated lower respiratory tract infection in children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of viral lower respiratory tract infection that can be a life-threatening disease in infants and children. this study was conducted to look for independent risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus-associated lower respiratory tract infection (rsv-lri) that required oxygen supplementation or mechanical ventilation. | 2001 | 11737710 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection of the lower respiratory tract: radiological findings in 108 children. | for years the typical appearance of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced infection of the lower respiratory tract has been discussed. all available studies have led to different results. the aim of this study was to control these results, with 108 children. the age range was 1 day to 10 years (median 7 months). within 72 h of admission, all children developed an rsv infection of the lower respiratory tract. chest x-rays (pa-view) of 55 children under, and 53 children over, the age of 6 mont ... | 2001 | 11734962 |
| hospitalization rates for respiratory syncytial virus infection in premature infants born during two consecutive seasons. | to collect data on hospitalization rates for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) illness during the season of 1999 to 2000 in nonprophylaxed premature infants < or = 32 weeks gestational age (ga) in spain and compare this with previously published data collected in the season of 1998 to 1999. | 2001 | 11734767 |
| clinical profile of serologically diagnosed pneumococcal pneumonia. | to describe the characteristics of serologically diagnosed pneumococcal pneumonia and compare them with those of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pneumonia and bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. | 2001 | 11734706 |
| clinical protocol. purging of autologous stem cell sources with bcl-x(s) adenovirus for women undergoing high-dose chemotherapy for stage iv breast carcinoma. | high-dose chemotherapy (hdct) and autologous bone marrow transplantation (bmt) is frequently used to treat patients with metastatic cancer including breast cancer and neuroblastoma. however, the bone marrow of such patients is often contaminated with tumor cells. recently, we have found that a recombinant adenovirus vector that contains a bcl-x, minigene (a dominant negative inhibitor of the bcl-2 family), called the bcl-x(s) adenovirus, is lethal to cancer cells derived from epithelial tissues, ... | 2001 | 11727734 |
| in vitro evaluation of secoiridoid glucosides from the fruits of ligustrum lucidum as antiviral agents. | six secoiridoid glucosides, lucidumoside c (1), oleoside dimethylester (2), neonuezhenide (3), oleuropein (4), ligustroside (5) and lucidumoside a (6), isolated from the fruits of ligustrum lucidum (oleaceae), were examined in vitro for their activities against four strains of pathogenic viruses, namely herpes simplex type i virus (hsv-1), influenza type a virus (flu a), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and parainfluenza type 3 virus (para 3). antiviral activities were evaluated by the cytopath ... | 2001 | 11724241 |
| the ovine respiratory syncytial virus f gene sequence and its diagnostic application. | ruminant respiratory syncytial viruses (rsvs) are classified into 2 subgroups, ovine rsv and bovine rsv. although ovine rsv infects cattle, its contribution to bovine respiratory tract disease has not been established, which is an important issue for vaccine development in cattle. diagnosis by virus isolation or serology has low or variable sensitivity and/or specificity and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has been recommended as a rapid and sensitive technique for rsv detection. a simple proced ... | 2001 | 11724134 |
| suppressive effect of locally produced interleukin-10 on respiratory syncytial virus infection. | interleukin (il)-10 is known to be a multifunctional cytokine. this study was designed to evaluate the role of il-10 during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection using a c57bl/6 transgenic (tg) mouse model in which the expression of murine il-10 cdna was regulated by a human salivary amylase promoter (il-10 tg mice). these mice expressed a large amount of il-10 in the nasal mucosa and in salivary glands. viral replication in the respiratory tract after intranasal infection with rsv was sup ... | 2001 | 11722651 |
| health care utilisation of infants with chronic lung disease, related to hospitalisation for rsv infection. | to compare the use of health care resources and associated costs between infants with chronic lung disease (cld) who had or had not an admission with a proven respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. | 2001 | 11719328 |
| respiratory viruses, symptoms, and inflammatory markers in acute exacerbations and stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | the effects of respiratory viral infection on the time course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) exacerbation were examined by monitoring changes in systemic inflammatory markers in stable copd and at exacerbation. eighty-three patients with copd (mean [sd] age, 66.6 [7.1] yr, fev(1), 1.06 [0.61] l) recorded daily peak expiratory flow rate and any increases in respiratory symptoms. nasal samples and blood were taken for respiratory virus detection by culture, polymerase chain reacti ... | 2001 | 11719299 |
| [primary respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice]. | to establish a mice-model of primary respiratory syncytial virus infection. | 2001 | 11718040 |
| dnase treatment for atelectasis in infants with severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | respiratory insufficiency due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis is partly due to the abundance of thickened mucus and the inability to clear it from the airways. mucus in rsv bronchiolitis contains necrotic inflammatory and epithelial cells. the viscoelastic properties of purulent airway secretions are largely due to the presence of highly polymerized deoxyribonucleic acid (dna). recombinant human deoxyribonuclease (rhdnase) is known to liquefy such mucus in patients with cystic ... | 2001 | 11716180 |
| differential histopathology and chemokine gene expression in lung tissues following respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) challenge of formalin-inactivated rsv- or bbg2na-immunized mice. | a balb/c mouse model of enhanced pulmonary pathology following vaccination with formalin-inactivated alum-adsorbed respiratory syncytial virus (fi-rsv) and live rsv challenge was used to determine the type and kinetics of histopathologic lesions induced and chemokine gene expression profiles in lung tissues. these data were compared and contrasted with data generated following primary and/or secondary rsv infection or rsv challenge following vaccination with a promising subunit vaccine, bbg2na. ... | 2001 | 11711632 |
| granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor expressed by recombinant respiratory syncytial virus attenuates viral replication and increases the level of pulmonary antigen-presenting cells. | an obstacle to developing a vaccine against human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is that natural infection typically does not confer solid immunity to reinfection. to investigate methods to augment the immune response, recombinant rsv (rrsv) was constructed that expresses murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (mgm-csf) from a transcription cassette inserted into the g-f intergenic region. replication of rrsv/mgm-csf in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of balb/c mice wa ... | 2001 | 11711604 |
| safety and immunogenicity of a novel recombinant subunit respiratory syncytial virus vaccine (bbg2na) in healthy young adults. | a novel recombinant respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) subunit vaccine, designated bbg2na, was administered to 108 healthy adults randomly assigned to receive 10, 100, or 300 microg of bbg2na in aluminum phosphate or saline placebo. each subject received 1, 2, or 3 intramuscular injections of the assigned dose at monthly intervals. local and systemic reactions were mild, and no evidence of harmful properties of bbg2na was reported. the highest elisa and virus-neutralizing (vn) antibody responses ... | 2001 | 11709789 |
| immune interaction between respiratory syncytial virus infection and allergen sensitization critically depends on timing of challenges. | severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection has been hypothesized to be a risk factor for the development of allergy and asthma, but epidemiologic studies in humans have been inconclusive. by use of a well-characterized murine model of rsv infection and allergic sensitization with ovalbumin, the effect of a preceding severe rsv infection on the development of the pulmonary allergic inflammatory response and airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr) was tested. the impact of prior allergic sensitiz ... | 2001 | 11709778 |
| contribution of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus to community cases of influenza-like illness: an observational study. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of lower-respiratory-tract infection in children and elderly people, but its effect in other age-groups is uncertain. we did a community-based observational study of rsv infection in community-dwelling individuals of all ages who presented to general practices in the uk with influenza-like illnesses during three successive winters (1995-96, 1996-97, and 1997-98). | 2001 | 11705487 |
| eosinophils, eosinophil ribonucleases, and their role in host defense against respiratory virus pathogens. | eosinophils remain among the most enigmatic of cells, as our appreciation of their detrimental activities--e.g., asthma and allergic disease--far outweighs our understanding of their beneficial effects. among the major secretory effector proteins of eosinophils are the ribonucleases eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (edn) and eosinophil cationic protein (ecp) in primates and their orthologs, the eosinophil-associated ribonucleases (ears) in rodents. the rapid diversification observed among these rib ... | 2001 | 11698487 |
| immunostimulatory dna sequences inhibit respiratory syncytial viral load, airway inflammation, and mucus secretion. | immunostimulatory dna sequences (iss) activate the innate immune system to generate antiviral cytokines, such as ifn-gamma. | 2001 | 11692091 |
| palmitoylation of the rous sarcoma virus transmembrane glycoprotein is required for protein stability and virus infectivity. | the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) transmembrane (tm) glycoprotein is modified by the addition of palmitic acid. to identify whether conserved cysteines within the hydrophobic anchor region are the site(s) of palmitoylation, and to determine the role of acylation in glycoprotein function, cysteines at residues 164 and 167 of the tm protein were mutated to glycine (c164g, c167g, and c164g/c167g). in cv-1 cells, palmitate was added to env gene products containing single mutations but was absent in the d ... | 2001 | 11689636 |
| requirement of cysteines and length of the human respiratory syncytial virus m2-1 protein for protein function and virus viability. | the m2-1 protein of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) promotes processive rna synthesis and readthrough at rsv gene junctions. it contains four highly conserved cysteines, three of which are located in the cys(3)-his(1) motif at the n terminus of m2-1. each of the four cysteines, at positions 7, 15, 21, and 96, in the m2-1 protein of hrsv a2 strain was individually replaced by glycines. when tested in an rsv minigenome replicon system using beta-galactosidase as a reporter gene, c7g, c15g ... | 2001 | 11689613 |
| contribution of the respiratory syncytial virus g glycoprotein and its secreted and membrane-bound forms to virus replication in vitro and in vivo. | the surface glycoproteins of viruses can play important roles in viral attachment, entry, and morphogenesis. here, we investigated the role of the attachment g glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in viral infection. rsv g is produced both as a complete, transmembrane form and as an n-terminally truncated form that is secreted. using reverse genetics, we created mutant recombinant rsvs (rrsv) that do not express g (deltag) or express either the secreted or the membrane-bound f ... | 2001 | 11689051 |
| characterization of monoclonal antibodies raised against recombinant respiratory syncytial virus nucleocapsid (n) protein: identification of a region in the carboxy terminus of n involved in the interaction with p protein. | to investigate structure and biological properties of the nucleocapsid (n) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), we have generated a panel of 16 monoclonal antibodies, raised against recombinant n protein, and epitope mapped seven of these to three antigenic sites (site i aa 16-30; site ii aa 341-350; site iii aa 351-365). characterization by immunofluorescence and by immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that a monoclonal antibody to antigenic site i can detect n protein complexed with ... | 2001 | 11689048 |
| respiratory syncytial virus inhibits apoptosis and induces nf-kappa b activity through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent pathway. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects airway epithelial cells, resulting in cell death and severe inflammation through the induction of nf-kappab activity and inflammatory cytokine synthesis. both nf-kappab activity and apoptosis regulation have been linked to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi 3-k) and its downstream effector enzymes, akt and gsk-3. this study evaluates the role of pi 3-k and its downstream mediators in apoptosis and inflammatory gene induction during rsv infection of airway ... | 2002 | 11687577 |
| an improved protocol for measuring cytotoxic t cell activity in anatomic compartments with low cell numbers. | the study of target cell lysis and cytokine production are valuable tools to characterize antigen-specific t and nk cell function during virus infections. after localized infections in compartments such as the lung or the brain, however, cell numbers isolated from these organs are too low to perform standard assays with individual mice. here, we report a few simple modifications of the classical 51cr release assay allowing reduction of the number of required effector cells by a factor of 10 with ... | 2001 | 11687249 |
| gene expression in epithelial cells in response to pneumovirus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) are viruses of the family paramyxoviridae, subfamily pneumovirus, which cause clinically important respiratory infections in humans and rodents, respectively. the respiratory epithelial target cells respond to viral infection with specific alterations in gene expression, including production of chemoattractant cytokines, adhesion molecules, elements that are related to the apoptosis response, and others that remain incompletely ... | 2001 | 11686888 |
| a cost-benefit analysis of rsv prophylaxis in high-risk infants. | to determine the cost and benefit of using rsv-ig and palivizumab as prophylactic therapy against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-associated illness in high-risk infants. | 2001 | 11675842 |
| a combination vaccine confers full protection against co-infections with influenza, herpes simplex and respiratory syncytial viruses. | combined/composite vaccines should be useful in reducing the number of vaccinations and provide more flexibility in confronting biological warfare scenarios. we tested the effectiveness of a composite genetic vaccine designed from previously known protective antigens directed against influenza a virus (inf-a), herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in a mouse-based challenge. immunizing mice with a pool of four plasmids; inf-a haemagglutinin (ha), inf-a nucleop ... | 2001 | 11672920 |
| immunopathology in rsv infection is mediated by a discrete oligoclonal subset of antigen-specific cd4(+) t cells. | vaccination with the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) attachment (g) protein results in immune-mediated lung injury after natural rsv infection with pathogenic features characteristic of an exaggerated th2 response. here we demonstrate that approximately half of the cd4(+) t cells infiltrating the lungs of g-primed mice utilize a single v beta gene (v beta 14) with remarkably limited cdr3 diversity. furthermore, elimination of these v beta 14-bearing cd4(+) t cells in vivo abolishes the type 2- ... | 2001 | 11672545 |
| factors predicting compliance with palivizumab in high-risk infants. | palivizumab must be administered monthly by intramuscular injection throughout the rsv season to maintain the serum concentration at a level sufficient to provide protection against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). the objective of this study is to determine factors associated with completing all doses of palivizumab. the method was a survey mailed to the families of 385 high-risk children who were eligible to receive palivizumab at columbus children's hospital in 1998-1999. seventy-eight perc ... | 2001 | 11607852 |
| fatal outcome in a patient developing epstein-barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorder (ebv-lpd) without measurable disease. | a 51-year-old female patient in the first chronic phase of cml received an allogeneic pbsct from a matched unrelated donor. the transplant was manipulated by cd34+ cell selection. on day +193 after transplantation the patient was readmitted to the hospital with recurrent fever of unknown origin and cough. clinical, radiographic and sonographic evaluation revealed no characteristic findings besides a mild splenomegaly. screening for ebv, cmv, rsv and hsv did not indicate an active infection. on d ... | 2001 | 11607777 |
| increased replication of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in pulmonary infiltrates is associated with enhanced histopathological disease in bonnet monkeys (macaca radiata) pre-immunized with a formalin-inactivated rsv vaccine. | the pathology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease in bonnet monkeys parallels findings with human rsv disease. rsv-infected animals pre-immunized with a formalin-inactivated (fi) rsv vaccine develop inflammation in peribronchiolar, perivascular, interstitial and intra-alveolar sites with lung inflammation scores significantly higher than animals with a primary rsv infection and those pre-immunized with an fi-vero cell control vaccine (p=0.05). animals previously infected and re-exposed ... | 2001 | 11602778 |
| replication-competent or attenuated, nonpropagating vesicular stomatitis viruses expressing respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigens protect mice against rsv challenge. | foreign glycoproteins expressed in recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) can elicit specific and protective immunity in the mouse model. we have previously demonstrated the expression of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g (attachment) and f (fusion) glycoprotein genes in recombinant vsv. in this study, we demonstrate the expression of rsv f and g glycoproteins in attenuated, nonpropagating vsvs which lack the vsv g gene (vsvdeltag) and the incorporation of these rsv proteins into recombi ... | 2001 | 11602747 |
| involvement of toll-like receptor 4 in innate immunity to respiratory syncytial virus. | the mammalian toll-like receptor 4, tlr4, is an important component in the innate immune response to gram-negative bacterial infection. the role of tlr4 in antiviral immunity has been largely unexplored. in this study, the in vivo immune responses to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza virus infection were examined in tlr4-deficient (c57bl/10scncr) and tlr4-expressing (c57bl/10sn) mice. tlr4-deficient mice challenged with rsv, but not influenza virus, exhibited impaired natural kille ... | 2001 | 11602714 |
| synergistic effects of gene-end signal mutations and the m2-1 protein on transcription termination by respiratory syncytial virus. | individual mononegavirus genes terminate with a short cis-acting element, the gene-end (ge) signal, that directs polyadenylation and termination and might also influence the efficiency of reinitiation at the next downstream gene. the 12-13 nucleotide (nt) ge signals of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) consist of a conserved pentanucleotide (3'-ucaau, negative sense), followed by a 3-nt middle region that is au-rich but otherwise not conserved, followed by a 4- or 5-nt poly(u) region that ... | 2001 | 11601901 |
| prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in high risk infants. | the incidence of serious rsv illness in premature infants and in infants with cld can be reduced. prophylaxis in infants with chd and cystic fibrosis seem prudent as well, and clinical trials are currently under way to evaluate the use of synagis in these high-risk groups. synagis is preferred for most high-risk children because of its ease of administration, safety and effectiveness. the dose for synagis is 15 mg/kg i.m. monthly during rsv season. | 2001 | 11594047 |
| respiratory virus infections after stem cell transplantation: a prospective study from the infectious diseases working party of the european group for blood and marrow transplantation. | community-acquired respiratory virus infections are a cause of mortality after stem cell transplantation (sct). a prospective study was performed at 37 centers to determine their frequency and importance. additional cases were also collected to allow the analysis of risk factors for severe infection. forty episodes were collected in the prospective study and 53 additional episodes through subsequent case collection. the frequency of documented respiratory virus infections was 3.5% among 819 allo ... | 2001 | 11593321 |
| visualization and characterization of respiratory syncytial virus f-specific cd8(+) t cells during experimental virus infection. | ctl play a major role in the clearance of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) during experimental pulmonary infection. the fusion (f) glycoprotein of rsv is a protective ag that elicits ctl and ab response against rsv infection in balb/c mice. we used the strategy of screening a panel of overlapping synthetic peptides corresponding to the rsv f protein and identified an immunodominant h-2k(d)-restricted epitope (f(85-93); kyknavtel) recognized by cd8(+) t cells from balb/c mice. we enumerated the ... | 2001 | 11591747 |
| respiratory syncytial virus vaccine development. | development of an rsv vaccine for infants has been hindered by the lack of an ideal animal model that exhibits disease, and the challenge of effectively immunizing very young infants who are immunologically immature. nevertheless, significant progress has been made recently in developing live attenuated viruses and protein subunit vaccine candidates. numerous vaccine candidates are currently in early clinical trials. this paper reviews the significant obstacles to development of rsv vaccines, an ... | 2001 | 11587807 |
| immunopathogenesis of vaccine-enhanced rsv disease. | inducing a strong immune response is an essential aim of vaccination. although immune responses to virus infections are usually protective, they can also be harmful. the best-documented examples of an immune response increasing disease severity are with dengue, measles and respiratory syncytial virus infections. in the 1960s, administration of formalin-inactivated, tissue culture grown rsv (fi-rsv) was found to induce strong elisa binding but poor virus-neutralising antibody. infants given this ... | 2001 | 11587806 |
| community and nosocomially acquired respiratory syncytial virus infection in a german paediatric hospital from 1988 to 1999. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants. since epidemiological data from germany are scarce, a large retrospective hospital based analysis was performed. in the first part of the study, laboratory records were checked for rsv positive specimens from january 1988 to december 1997. a total of 1664 specimens were positive corresponding to 1171 episodes in 1064 patients; 88% were up to 4 years old and 47% up to 3 months old. the percentag ... | 2001 | 11585076 |
| effect of rsv bronchiolitis practice guidelines on resource utilization. | we sought to determine whether institution of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) practice guidelines decreased resource utilization for a heterogeneous population of children hospitalized with rsv bronchiolitis. patients less than 24 months old with rsv bronchiolitis at a pediatric referral center were identified by retrospective chart review for consecutive rsv seasons. before the guidelines were instituted patients were less likely to have a documented physician's assessment of response to albu ... | 2001 | 11583047 |
| requirements for minus-strand transfer catalyzed by rous sarcoma virus reverse transcriptase. | we have examined the specific minus-strand transfer reactions that occur after the synthesis of minus strong-stop dna and nonspecific strand switching on homopolymeric poly(ra) templates with different types of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) reverse transcriptases. three different types of reverse transcriptases can be isolated from virions of rsv: heterodimeric alphabeta and homodimeric alpha and beta. the mechanism of minus-strand transfer was examined using a model primer-template substrate corresp ... | 2001 | 11581381 |
| respiratory syncytial virus subgroup a in hospitalized children in zarqa, jordan. | the epidemiology of rsv infection was investigated in 271 children aged less than 2 years admitted to the zarqa government hospital, jordan with bronchiolitis or bronchopneumonia. nasopharyngeal washings were cultured and rsv antigen was detected by the direct immunofluorescence technique. of the 271 specimens, 69 (25.46%) were positive for rsv, representing 50.36% of the respiratory viruses. all rsv isolates were typed as subgroup a by monoclonal antibody and confirmed by rt-pcr. rsv was preval ... | 2001 | 11579865 |
| antiviral action of euphorbium compositum and its components. | euphorbium compositum sn (biologische heilmittel heel gmbh, baden-baden, germany, a homeopathic combination preparation available in form of drops, nasal spray, and injection solution), is prescribed for inflammation of the mucosae of the nose and sinuses. infections in these areas are primarily of viral origin although bacterial superinfections are also common. | 2001 | 11574744 |
| the who vaccine trial registry. | the who vaccine trial registry prospectively registers clinical vaccine studies supported by who. through december 1999, the registry includes 103 studies from 43 countries, with nearly 80% in developing countries. the registry documents an expanding research capacity, with an average of 3.9 new studies per year during 1987-1993, rising to 10.7 per year during 1994-2000. the studies concern a broad spectrum of infectious organisms, including: clostridium tetani (tetanus), dengue virus, enterotox ... | 2001 | 11567743 |
| a comparison of nested polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence for the diagnosis of respiratory infections in children with bronchiolitis, and the implications for a cohorting strategy. | cohorting bronchiolitis patients infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and/or influenza viruses is paramount in preventing cross-infection of these viruses in hospital. nested polymerase chain reaction (npcr) was compared with immunofluorescence (if) for the detection of rsv subtypes a and b in children with suspected bronchiolitis. co-infection with influenza a(h3n2), chlamydia spp. and picornavirus/rhinovirus was also investigated using molecular techniques.a total of 50 nasopharynge ... | 2001 | 11567557 |
| passively acquired antibodies suppress humoral but not cell-mediated immunity in mice immunized with live attenuated respiratory syncytial virus vaccines. | a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine will need to be administered by 1 mo of age to protect young infants; therefore, it will need to be effective in the presence of maternally acquired rsv abs. in the present study, the immunogenicity and efficacy of two live attenuated rsv vaccine candidates of different level of attenuation were evaluated in mice passively immunized with varying quantities of rsv abs. the replication of the rsv vaccines was suppressed in the lower, but not the upper, r ... | 2001 | 11564809 |
| proteins related to the nedd4 family of ubiquitin protein ligases interact with the l domain of rous sarcoma virus and are required for gag budding from cells. | the late assembly (l) domain of retrovirus gag, required in the final steps of budding for efficient exit from the host cell, is thought to mediate its function through interaction with unknown cellular factors. here, we report the identification of the nedd4-like family of e3 ubiquitin protein ligases as proteins that specifically interact with the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) l domain in vitro and in vivo. we screened a chicken embryo cdna expression library by using a peptide derived from the rsv ... | 2001 | 11562473 |
| incidence of respiratory syncytial virus-positive hospitalizations in germany. | epidemiological data, especially population-based data, on respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-related hospitalizations in germany have been lacking to date. since palivizumab (synagis, abbott, usa) is already available and new vaccines for active immunization are under development, these data are urgently needed. from july 1996 to june 1999, nasopharyngeal aspirates of children hospitalized in kiel with an acute respiratory tract infection were tested by multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase ... | 2001 | 11561800 |
| immune induction and modulation in mice following immunization with dna encoding f protein of respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the principal agents of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children. thus, there is a strong need to make a safe and effective vaccine against the rsv infection. dna immunization is very effective at inducing both cellular and humoral immune responses. in this study, we inserted the rsv-f gene into expression vectors, pcdna3.1 and pqe. these constructs were transformed into c2c12 and e. coli m15 cells, respectively. the expression of the rsv-f protei ... | 2001 | 11561730 |
| alternative mechanisms of respiratory syncytial virus clearance in perforin knockout mice lead to enhanced disease. | virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes are key effectors for the clearance of virus-infected cells and are required for the normal clearance of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in mice. although perforin/granzyme-mediated lysis of infected cells is thought to be the major molecular mechanism used by cd8(+) cytotoxic t lymphocytes for elimination of virus, its role in rsv has not been reported. here, we show that viral clearance in perforin knockout (pko) mice is slightly delayed but that both p ... | 2001 | 11559824 |
| targeting of nasal mucosa-associated antigen-presenting cells in vivo with an outer membrane protein a derived from klebsiella pneumoniae. | administration of vaccines by the nasal route has recently proven to be one of the most efficient ways for inducing both mucosal and systemic antibody responses in experimental animals. our results demonstrate that p40, a well-defined outer membrane protein a from klebsiella pneumoniae, is indeed a carrier molecule suitable for nasal immunization. using fragments from the respiratory syncytial virus subgroup a (rsv-a) g protein as antigen models, it has been shown that p40 is able to induce both ... | 2001 | 11553588 |
| developing a synagis clinic for respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) can be devastating to premature infants and children with chronic lung disease. palivizumab (synagis) is a monoclonal antibody that is administered monthly by injection to prevent rsv infection in infants at high risk. this article describes a nurse-run ambulatory clinic to provide rsv prophylaxis. coordination with other agencies, including community neonatal intensive care units, was essential to the clinic's success. for each of its first 2 years of operation ... | 2001 | 11552574 |
| different respiratory syncytial virus and quillaja saponin formulations induce murine peritoneal cells to express different proinflammatory cytokine profiles. | the recognition of a pathogen or a vaccine antigen formulation by cells in the innate immune system leads to production of proinflammatory cytokines, which will determine the ensuing acquired immune response quantitatively and qualitatively. tumour necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, interleukin (il)-1 and il-6 are the first set of cytokines produced upon such an encounter, which have roles both in protective immunity and immunopathogenesis evident with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). rsv antigens i ... | 2001 | 11549417 |
| intratumoral adenovirus-mediated suicide gene transfer for hepatic metastases from colorectal adenocarcinoma: results of a phase i clinical trial. | animal studies have shown that direct injection of an adenoviral vector (adv.rsv-tk) expressing the herpes thymidine kinase gene into established tumors in the liver, followed by systemic ganciclovir administration, was effective in inducing tumor necrosis. toxicities were minimal at therapeutically effective vector doses, although severe hepatic necroinflammation was seen at much higher supratherapeutic doses. we conducted a clinical phase i trial in patients with metastatic colorectal adenocar ... | 2001 | 11545608 |
| occurrence and severity of infections caused by subgroup a and b respiratory syncytial virus in children in southeast brazil. | the frequency and severity of infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were assessed in children <2 years of age seen at the emergency department. the frequency of rsv detection in the clinical virology laboratory during the past 3 years was also analyzed retrospectively. rsv was found in 21.6% (188/869) of the samples collected from children seen at the emergency department and was found to be more frequent during the autumn, being less frequent or negligible by midwinter. rsv sub ... | 2001 | 11536252 |
| long-term persistence and reactivation of t cell memory in the lung of mice infected with respiratory syncytial virus. | in mice acutely infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), more than 20% of pulmonary cd8(+) t cells, but only 2-3% of cd8(+) t cells in the draining lymph node secreted interferon-gamma in response to a single peptide. surprisingly, the percentage of virus-specific t cells in the lung remained at these high levels long after the acute infection. pulmonary memory t cells were further studied in a sensitive adoptive transfer system, which allows visualizing polyclonal cd4(+) and cd8(+) viru ... | 2001 | 11536155 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infections in autologous blood and marrow transplant recipients with breast cancer: combination therapy with aerosolized ribavirin and parenteral immunoglobulins. | scant data are available concerning the impact and response to therapy of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in patients undergoing autologous blood and marrow transplantation (bmt) for breast cancer. during eight winter seasons from 1992-1993 to 1999-2000, nine (4%) of 249 such patients were hospitalized with rsv infections. six patients, including all five patients who were early post transplant in the pre-engraftment period, developed pneumonia and were treated with a combination of ... | 2001 | 11535995 |
| cpg containing oligodeoxynucleotides are potent adjuvants for parenteral vaccination with the fusion (f) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | the feasibility of using oligodeoxynucleotides (odn) containing unmethylated cpg motifs as parenteral adjuvants for subunit vaccines against rsv was tested in balb/c mice. compared with immunization with natural f protein adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide (f/aloh) adjuvant alone, coadministration of f/aloh with cpg odn resulted in statistically significant increases in serum neutralization titers, an enhanced generation of splenic antigen-dependent killer cell precursors, and accelerated clearance ... | 2001 | 11535341 |
| expression of respiratory syncytial virus-induced chemokine gene networks in lower airway epithelial cells revealed by cdna microarrays. | the paramyxovirus respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the primary etiologic agent of serious epidemic lower respiratory tract disease in infants, immunosuppressed patients, and the elderly. lower tract infection with rsv is characterized by a pronounced peribronchial mononuclear infiltrate, with eosinophilic and basophilic degranulation. because rsv replication is restricted to airway epithelial cells, where rsv replication induces potent expression of chemokines, the epithelium is postulated t ... | 2001 | 11533168 |
| mechanism of selective inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus by a benzodithiin compound (rd3-0028). | rd3-0028, a compound with a benzodithiin structure, was found to be a potent inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) replication. its action is specific; no activity is seen against influenza a virus, measles virus, herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2, or human cytomegalovirus. a time-dependent drug addition experiment indicated that the antiviral activity occurs in the late stage of the rsv replication cycle, since this compound completely inhibited syncytium formation even when added up to ... | 2001 | 11529559 |
| eosinophil counts and urinary eosinophil protein x in children hospitalized for wheezing during the first year of life: prediction of recurrent wheezing. | early identification of wheezing children with an increased risk of recurrent wheezing or subsequent asthma is important. the aim of the study was to determine the role of markers of eosinophil activation, along with other parameters, in the prediction of recurrent wheezing and allergic sensitization in children with early and severe wheezing. we examined 105 children without atopic dermatitis, hospitalized for wheezing during the first year of life. at a 20-mo follow-up, 101 of the children wer ... | 2001 | 11529528 |
| reliable detection of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children for adequate hospital infection control management. | by using a rapid test for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) detection (abbott testpack rsv), a number of patients were observed, showing repeatedly positive results over a period of up to 10 weeks. a prospective study was initiated to compare the rapid test with an antigen capture enzyme immunoassay (eia) and a nested reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) protocol for detection of rsv serotypes a and b. only respiratory samples from children exhibiting the prolonged presence of rsv (> or =5 days) a ... | 2001 | 11526141 |
| activated, cytotoxic cd8(+) t lymphocytes contribute to the pathology of asthma death. | this study investigates the presence of cd8(+) t lymphocytes and their possible association with viral infection in bronchi of victims of fatal asthma. postmortem samples from the peribronchial region of the lung were obtained from seven patients who died an asthma death (ad), seven asthmatic patients who died of unrelated causes (auc), and seven postmortem cases with no history of lung disease (control subjects). using immunohistochemical techniques, the cd8(+) cytotoxic t-cell population in pe ... | 2001 | 11520715 |