Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| plasmodium activates the innate immune response of anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. | innate immune-related gene expression in the major disease vector mosquito anopheles gambiae has been analyzed following infection by the malaria parasite, plasmodium berghei. substantially increased levels of mrnas encoding the antibacterial peptide defensin and a putative gram-negative bacteria-binding protein (gnbp) are observed 20-30 h after ingestion of an infected blood-meal, at a time which indicates that this induction is a response to parasite invasion of the midgut epithelium. the indu ... | 1997 | 9321391 |
| induction of a cytotoxic t lymphocyte response by immunization with a malaria specific ctl peptide entrapped in biodegradable polymer microspheres. | we have previously reported that biodegradable polymer microspheres (ms) are capable of eliciting strong and long-lasting antibody and t cell proliferative responses for either natural protein antigens or synthetic peptides. in this study, we investigated the possibility of inducing antigen-specific cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) responses in vivo with a short synthetic peptide from the circumsporozoite (cs) protein of plasmodium berghei (pb) 252-260 by using different ms formulations. we show tha ... | 1997 | 9302752 |
| erythrocyte binding protein homologues of rodent malaria parasites. | erythrocyte invasion by malaria parasites requires specific molecular interactions between the merozoite and erythrocyte surface receptors. a well-conserved, functionally important family of erythrocyte binding proteins is the ebp family. the ebp family includes the plasmodium vivax, p. knowlesi duffy binding protein (dbp) family and the p. falciparum erythrocyte binding antigen-175 (eba-175). the ebp are transmembrane proteins, characterized by two conserved cysteine-rich domains, expressed in ... | 1997 | 9297707 |
| the diversity of antigen-specific tcr repertoires reflects the relative complexity of epitopes recognized. | antigen-selected t cell receptor (tcr) repertoires vary in complexity from very limited to extremely diverse. we have previously characterized two different cd8 t cell responses, which are restricted by the same mouse major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecule, h-2 kd. the tcr repertoire in the response against a determinant from plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite protein (pbcs; region 252-260) is very diverse, whereas tcrs expressed by clones specific for a determinant in region 1 ... | 1997 | 9297530 |
| infection with plasmodium berghei alters benzodiazepine receptor in rat brain. | the purpose of this study was to assess the effect of malaria infection on benzodiazepine binding in rat brain. young male wistar rats were infected with the rodent parasite plasmodium berghei, while age-matched control rats (n = 5) received normal saline intraperitoneally. parasitemia was determined in blood of infected animals. animals were killed after two weeks, and synaptosomal brain membrane homogenate was prepared from cerebral cortex. membrane homogenate was incubated in duplicate with 3 ... | 1997 | 9291643 |
| inhibition of nitric oxide interrupts the accumulation of cd8+ t cells surrounding plasmodium berghei-infected hepatocytes. | the elimination of liver-stage malaria parasites by nitric oxide (no)-producing hepatocytes is regulated by t cells. both cd8+ and cd4+ t cells, which surround infected hepatocytes, are evident by 24 h after sporozoite challenge in brown norway rats previously immunized with irradiated plasmodium berghei sporozoites. while the number of cd4+ t cells remained the same beyond 24 h postchallenge, the number of cd8+ t cells increased three- and sixfold by 31 and 44 h, respectively. this increase in ... | 1997 | 9284167 |
| leukocytes in a plasmodium falciparum-infected blood meal reduce transmission of malaria to anopheles mosquitoes. | mosquitoes are infected with plasmodium falciparum by taking a blood meal from a gametocyte carrier. since a mosquito takes a volume of 1 to 2 microl, a blood meal may contain 1 x 10(4) to 3 x 10(4) leukocytes (wbc). the majority of wbc are composed of neutrophils which may phagocytose and kill developing gametes inside the mosquito midgut. phagocytosis was measured in vitro by a luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (cl) assay. in the presence of p. falciparum gametes, sera from areas of endemici ... | 1997 | 9284160 |
| the roles of temperature, ph and mosquito factors as triggers of male and female gametogenesis of plasmodium berghei in vitro. | developmentally arrested malarial gametocytes undergo gamete formation in the mosquito midgut immediately after ingestion of the infected bloodmeal. in the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium berghei male gametogenesis (exflagellation) can be induced in vitro by a temperature decrease (from 39 degrees c in the vertebrate host to 20 degrees c) and a concomitant ph increase (from 7.3 in mouse blood to 8.0). we report the presence of additional gametocyte activating factor(s) (gaf) present in anophe ... | 1997 | 9280891 |
| in vitro inhibition of liver forms of the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium berghei by naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids--structure-activity relationships of dioncophyllines a and c and ancistrocladine. | naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids are derived from dioncophyllaceae and ancistrocladaceae species and comprise a new class of promising antimalarials with a demonstrated potential against asexual erythrocytic plasmodium falciparum and p. berghei stages in vitro. we report herein the pronounced activity of pure naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids against exoerythrocytic malaria parasites. p. berghei-infected human hepatoma cells (hep g2) were incubated with culture medium containing selected alkaloids at ... | 1997 | 9272557 |
| purification and characterisation of the hexokinase of plasmodium berghei, a murine malaria parasite. | hexokinase (ec 2.7.1.1) activity in cell-free plasmodium berghei was 35 and 5 times higher as compared to normal and p. berghei-infected mouse erythrocytes, respectively. maximal enzyme activity was present in the cytosolic fraction of the isolated parasite. manifold purification of parasite hexokinase was achieved with sephadex g-200. sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) revealed parasite enzyme subunit in the molecular weight range of 47 kda with atp (adenosine ... | 1997 | 9270135 |
| heme biosynthesis by the malarial parasite. import of delta-aminolevulinate dehydrase from the host red cell. | the mouse and human malarial parasites, plasmodium berghei and plasmodium falciparum, respectively, synthesize heme de novo following the standard pathway observed in animals despite the availability of large amounts of heme, derived from red cell hemoglobin, which is stored as hemozoin pigment. the enzymes, delta-aminolevulinate dehydrase (alad), coproporphyrinogen oxidase, and ferrochelatase are present at strikingly high levels in the p. berghei infected mouse red cell in vivo. the isolated p ... | 1997 | 9268315 |
| trap is necessary for gliding motility and infectivity of plasmodium sporozoites. | many protozoans of the phylum apicomplexa are invasive parasites that exhibit a substrate-dependent gliding motility. plasmodium (malaria) sporozoites, the stage of the parasite that invades the salivary glands of the mosquito vector and the liver of the vertebrate host, express a surface protein called thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (trap) that has homologs in other apicomplexa. by gene targeting in a rodent plasmodium, we demonstrate that trap is critical for sporozoite infection of ... | 1997 | 9267031 |
| effect of tryptophan-n-formylated gramicidin on growth of plasmodium berghei in mice. | the effect of tryptophan-n-formylated gramicidin (nfg) on the growth of plasmodium berghei in mice was tested in three different experiments. nfg was shown to be capable of inhibiting the growth of the parasite in a dose-dependent way, although its action did not result in elimination of the parasite and was only temporary, preventing mice from early death, presumably due to cerebral malaria, but not from fatal generalized malaria. intriguingly, a similar observation was made with two other drug ... | 1997 | 9257760 |
| epitope mapping on the ookinete surface antigen pbs21 of plasmodium berghei: identification of the site of binding of transmission-blocking monoclonal antibody 13.1. | the ookinete surface protein of plasmodium berghei pbs21 belongs to a class of sexual stage antigens able to induce in the vertebrate host a transmission-blocking immune response. the effectors of this transmission-blocking immunity are antibody molecules directed against particular protein epitopes. the anti-pbs21 monoclonal antibody 13.1 is known to bind a linear stretch of amino acids within the primary sequence of pbs21 and to efficiently block the development of p. berghei in the mosquito g ... | 1996 | 9257345 |
| antimalarial activity of extracts and fractions from bidens pilosa and other bidens species (asteraceae) correlated with the presence of acetylene and flavonoid compounds. | after interviewing natives and migrants from the amazon region of brazil about plants traditionally used for treatment of malaria fever and/or liver disorders, we selected and identified 41 different species, including the native bidens (asteraceae). we have undertaken an antimalarial study of bidens pilosa and other species of bidens from abroad. the crude ethanol extracts (whole plant, leaves and roots) and the chloroform and butanol fractions from b. pilosa at concentrations of 50 microg/ml c ... | 1997 | 9254115 |
| thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (trap) of plasmodium berghei and parasite motility. | 1997 | 9251640 | |
| in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity of cryptolepine and related alkaloids from cryptolepis sanguinolenta. | three different extracts and four alkaloids from the root bark of cryptolepis sanguinolenta have been assessed in vitro against plasmodium falciparum d-6 (chloroquine-sensitive strain), k-1, and w-2 (chloroquine-resistant strains). cryptolepine (1) and its hydrochloride (2), 11-hydroxycryptolepine (3), and neocryptolepine (5) showed a strong antiplasmodial activity against p. falciparum chloroquine-resistant strains. quindoline (4) was less active. the highest activity was obtained with compound ... | 1997 | 9249972 |
| crucial role of tumor necrosis factor (tnf) receptor 2 and membrane-bound tnf in experimental cerebral malaria. | tumor necrosis factor (tnf) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of experimental cerebral malaria (cm), but the respective role of its two types of receptors has not been established. a significant increase in the expression of tnf-receptor 2 (tnfr2, p75), but not of tnfr1 (p55), was found on brain microvessels at the time of cm in susceptible animals. moreover, mice genetically deficient for tnfr2 (tnfr2null) were significantly protected from experimental cm, in contrast to tnfr1-deficient ( ... | 1997 | 9247583 |
| [chemical and biological evaluation of the effect of plant extracts against plasmodium berghei]. | extracts from thirteen species of plants were evaluated by "in vivo" antimalarial test against plasmodium berghei effects. significant activities were observed in the ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts, elaborated of cedrela tonduzii leaves, trichilia havanensis and trichilia americana barks, neurolaena lobata and gliricidia sepium leaves and duranta repens fruits. compounds identified include flavanoids, coumarins, mellilotic acid and iridoids which some kind of biodynamic activity has previous ... | 1996 | 9246360 |
| the spleen, igg antibody subsets and immunity to plasmodium berghei in rats. | the development of igg subclass-specific antibody responses to plasmodium berghei in spleen-chimeric rats were monitored to determine if there was any relationship between igg subset profiles and resistance. strongly immune eusplenic rats respond to challenge with p. berghei by producing high levels of parasite-specific igg2a, igg2b and igg2c but only modest levels of igg1. splenectomy profoundly affects the antibody response to infection. thus, in splenectomized immunized rats, which harbour a ... | 1997 | 9243299 |
| protection of rats against malaria by a transplanted immune spleen. | a number of reports have suggested that the spleen plays a key role in the regulation of immunity to malaria but the role, if any, of other tissues is less clear. furthermore, numerous functional changes occur in the spleen following malaria infection and it is not known whether the spleen's role relates primarily to its content of malaria-specific lymphocytes or to the altered structure and function that has occurred. to address these issues we have generated splenic chimeras by transplanting s ... | 1996 | 9229385 |
| nitric oxide synthase activity in malaria-infected mice. | nitric oxide (no) is implicated in a variety of major cellular functions including defence from invasion by microbical pathogens. evidence has been presented suggesting that it is an important mediator of protection in the early non-specific responses to malaria in mice infected with plasmodium chabaudi (taylor-robinson et al. 1993). other data from in vitro studies on the asexual stages of human parasite plasmodium falciparum indicated that while nitric oxide itself may not be inhibitory to par ... | 1996 | 9226691 |
| mapping a quantitative trait locus involved in melanotic encapsulation of foreign bodies in the malaria vector, anopheles gambiae. | a plasmodium-refractory strain of anopheles gambiae melanotically encapsulates many species of plasmodium, whereas wild-type mosquitoes are usually susceptible. this encapsulation trait can also be observed by studying the response of refractory and susceptible strains to intrathoracically injected cm-sephadex beads. we report the results of broad-scale quantitative trait locus (qtl) mapping of the encapsulation trait using the bead model system. interval mapping using the method of maximum like ... | 1997 | 9215900 |
| in vivo and in vitro antiplasmodial activities of some plants traditionally used in guatemala against malaria. | we present an evaluation of the antiplasmodial and cytotoxic effects of four plants commonly used in guatemalan folk medicine against malaria. methanol extracts of simarouba glauca d. c., sansevieria guineensis willd, croton guatemalensis lotsy, and neurolaena lobata (l.)r.br. significantly reduced parasitemias in plasmodium berghei-infected mice. dichloromethane fractions were screened for their cytotoxicities on artemia salina (brine shrimp) larvae, and 50% inhibitory concentrations were deter ... | 1997 | 9210673 |
| the serum resistance of malaria-infected erythrocytes. | igg and igm antibodies were detected on non-parasitized as well as parasitized erythrocytes (e) from mice surviving over 15 days after infection with rodent malaria, plasmodium berghei, whereas c3 was detected exclusively on parasitized e. parasitized e, however, were quite resistant to the haemolytic activity of guinea pig complement and effectively inactivated human c3b to ic3b on their surface. similarly, parasitized e were extremely resistant to homologous complement as assessed by haemolysi ... | 1997 | 9203959 |
| replication, expression and segregation of plasmid-borne dna in genetically transformed malaria parasites. | to fully exploit the transfection technology developed for plasmodium we investigated the features of replication, expression and segregation of an episomally maintained dna construct during a sexual blood stage development in genetically transformed parasites of p. berghei. using dna in situ hybridisation techniques we were able to show that the introduced dna construct is located in the nucleus of the parasite and is not segregating uniformly during schizogony. replication of the construct mai ... | 1997 | 9200122 |
| toward a novel metal-based chemotherapy against tropical diseases. 3. synthesis and antimalarial activity in vitro and in vivo of the new gold-chloroquine complex [au(pph3)(cq)]pf6. | 1997 | 9191972 | |
| the treatment of animal models of malaria with iron chelators by use of a novel polymeric device for slow drug release. | the hydrophilic desferrioxamine (dfo) and the lipophilic salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (sih) are iron chelators which inhibit in vitro proliferation of plasmodium falciparum with similar potency (ic50 approximately 20 microm in 24- to 48-h tests). the in vivo assessment of these drugs was performed on swiss mice infected with plasmodium vinckei petteri with novel modes of drug administration and release. the drugs were delivered postpatently either by multiple i.p. injections or by a s ... | 1997 | 9190845 |
| a simple and rapid procedure for the purification of synthetic polypeptides by a combination of affinity chromatography and methionine chemistry. | chemical synthesis of bioactive peptides has become a widespread and rapidly growing technique due to automated and efficient protocols for chain assembly. for most applications, the crude synthetic product must be purified to remove residual reactants, failure sequences and chemically modified peptide species. we propose here a method of universal applicability based on immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography, cnbr cleavage and use of reversible met-sulfoxide protection. with this method ... | 1997 | 9188777 |
| temporary appearance of a circulating granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in lethal murine malaria. | infection of mice with plasmodium berghei engendered a temporary appearance of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) in the serum. the peak of gm-csf levels was detected at day 2 post-infection, and then gradually decreased. on the other hand, the number of committed stem cells for granulocytes and macrophages (cfu-gm) in bone marrow transiently decreased at day 2 post-infection, and then increased and peaked at day 6 post-infection. when the serum of p. berghei-infected mice ... | 1996 | 9185264 |
| increased c-fos expression in the brain during experimental murine cerebral malaria: possible association with neurologic complications. | cerebral expression of c-fos protein was studied by immunocytochemistry in murine cerebral malaria (cm) and malaria without cerebral involvement (non-cm). c-fos expression, low in the brains of uninfected mice, increased in frequency, intensity, and distribution during the course of fatal cm (e.g., a 70-fold increase on day 7 after inoculation). these changes paralleled the timing and degree of the neurologic complications and histopathologic changes. only a slight increase in c-fos expression w ... | 1997 | 9180190 |
| a long range restriction map of chromosome 5 of plasmodium berghei demonstrates a chromosome specific symmetrical subtelomeric organisation. | 1997 | 9178274 | |
| adult schistosoma mansoni worms positively modulate soluble egg antigen-induced inflammatory hepatic granuloma formation in vivo. stereological analysis and immunophenotyping of extracellular matrix proteins, adhesion molecules, and chemokines. | synchronized liver granulomas were induced by injecting sepharose beads to which sea soluble egg antigen (sea) or the concanavalin a binding fraction of sea had been coupled into a mesenteric vein in naive, single-sex (35 days) and bisexually (28 days) schistosoma mansoni-infected and plasmodium berghei-immunized mice. stereological analysis revealed that peak granuloma formation was already reached 8 days after injection in single-sex infected mice compared with 16 days in naive animals. no dif ... | 1997 | 9176396 |
| two antigens on zygotes and ookinetes of plasmodium yoelii and plasmodium berghei that are distinct targets of transmission-blocking immunity. | we have developed transmission-blocking monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against plasmodium yoelii 21-kda (pys21) and 28-kda (pys25) ookinete surface proteins. these mabs block infectivity of p. yoelii to anopheles stephensi. one mab, 14, cross-reacted by western blotting with a 28-kda surface protein (pbs25) of p. berghei ookinetes and blocked oocyst development, as assayed by direct mosquito feeds on passively immunized p. berghei-infected mice. in total, we have identified two ookinete surface pr ... | 1997 | 9169761 |
| multiple antigen constructs (macs): induction of sterile immunity against sporozoite stage of rodent malaria parasites, plasmodium berghei and plasmodium yoelii. | we prepared multiple antigen constructs (macs) using circumsporozoite (cs) protein-based b-epitopes from plasmodium berghei, (ppppnpnd)2 and plasmodium yoelii, (qgpgap)3qg, along with a p. berghei t-helper epitope kqirdsiteews. mice were immunized with individual macs in oil-in-water or water-in-oil vehicles containing block copolymer (p1005) and detoxified ralps (ralps) as well as other adjuvants. sporozoite challenge results demonstrated that macs in adjuvant could induce antibodies capable of ... | 1997 | 9160515 |
| rodent malaria parasites: molecular karyotypes characterize species, subspecies and lines. | the molecular karyotypes of the african murine malaria parasites p. berghei (3 strains, 2 lines) p. yoeli (2 strains) p. chabaudi (3 strains, 1 line) and p. vinckei (4 strains) have been studied using orthogonal field alternation gel electrophoresis (ofage). the genome of each species was resolved into 9 to 11 distinct chromosomal dna banas molecules of varying intensities which seem to represent 14 chromosomes ranging in size from 600 kb to 3500 kb. the position of certain chromosomes allowed t ... | 1994 | 9140471 |
| ionic regulation and signal transduction system involved in the induction of gametogenesis in malaria parasites. | 1993 | 9137587 | |
| antimalarial activity of new dihydroartemisinin derivatives. 7. 4-(p-substituted phenyl)-4(r or s)-[10(alpha or beta)-dihydroartemisininoxy]butyric acids. | to search for water soluble dihydroartemisinin derivatives with higher efficacy and longer plasma half-life than artesunic or artelinic acid, a series of new stereoisomers of 4-(p-substituted phenyl)-4(r or s)-[10(alpha or beta)-dihydroartemisininoxy]butyric acids were synthesized as new potential antimalarial agents. two approaches were taken in the design of these new molecules in an attempt to (a) increase the lipophilicity of the molecule and (b) decrease the rate of oxidative dealkylation o ... | 1997 | 9135037 |
| interferon-gamma is essential for the development of cerebral malaria. | infection with plasmodium berghei anka (pba) causes fatal cerebral malaria (cm). while a pathogenic role for tumor necrosis factor (tnf) has been established, we asked whether a disruption of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) signaling would modulate cm. we demonstrate here that ifn-gammar-deficient mice are completely protected from cm. pba-induced release of tnf and up-regulation of endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule (icam)-1 expression, recruitment of mononuclear cells, and cerebral micro ... | 1997 | 9130629 |
| transfection of the primate malaria parasite plasmodium knowlesi using entirely heterologous constructs. | the recently developed transfection systems for plasmodium berghei and plasmodium falciparum offer important new tools enabling further insight into the biology of malaria parasites. these systems rely upon artificial parasite-host combinations which do not allow investigation into the complex interactions between parasites and their natural hosts. here we report on stable transfection of plasmodium knowlesi (a primate malaria parasite that clusters phylogenetically with p. vivax) for which both ... | 1997 | 9126931 |
| early gamma interferon responses in lethal and nonlethal murine blood-stage malaria. | this study was undertaken to explore early differences in cytokine production during nonlethal and lethal blood-stage murine malaria infections. cytokine analysis of spleens during these infections showed that the principal difference between two nonlethal and two lethal plasmodium species was the production of gamma interferon 24 h after infection with nonlethal parasites. in contrast, no increases in interleukin-4 production were observed in the first 24 h and tumor necrosis factor alpha level ... | 1997 | 9125535 |
| primary structure of a novel ookinete surface protein from plasmodium berghei. | 1997 | 9108555 | |
| an additional primary proteolytic processing site merozoite surface protein-1 of plasmodium berghei. | 1997 | 9108554 | |
| down-regulation of murine susceptibility to cerebral malaria by inoculation with third-stage larvae of the filarial nematode brugia pahangi. | in areas where malaria is endemic, helminthic infections, caused by intestinal or filarial parasites, commonly coexist with malaria in the same individual. this study investigates the course of plasmodium berghei malaria infection in cba/j mice inoculated with irradiated attenuated 3rd-stage larvae (l3) of brugia pahangi. peripheral eosinophil counts, serum ige levels and cytokine production revealed that the filarial antigen induced t-helper type 2 (th2) cell predominance in these mice, which p ... | 1997 | 9107020 |
| elimination of p. berghei liver stages is independent of fas (cd95/apo-i) or perforin-mediated cytotoxicity. | immunization of mammals with irradiated malaria sporozoites protects from a subsequent contact with the parasite. protective immunity is directed against the pre-erythrocytic stages of the parasite, sporozoites and liver stages. specific antibodies neutralize part of the infectious sporozoites infected by the mosquito vector, while liver stages are the target of a cellular immune response which is mediated by t cells. in this study, we evaluated the t-cell dependent protection induced by the inf ... | 1997 | 9106820 |
| ketanserin effects on thermoregulation in malarial and normal rats. | 1997 | 9100911 | |
| tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression in the brain during fatal murine cerebral malaria: evidence for production by microglia and astrocytes. | fatal murine cerebral malaria (fmcm) is an immunopathological process. the depletion of cd4+ t cells, or the administration of antioxidants or antibodies against certain cytokines, protect the mice against cerebral complications. we previously have shown that astrocytes, microglia, and monocytes play a role in the development of fmcm, suggesting that an active immune response occurs locally within the central nervous system. we now have investigated the functional involvement of glia and monocyt ... | 1997 | 9095002 |
| evaluation of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (dfmo) as a tool to induce protective immunity against plasmodium berghei malaria. | 1997 | 9093435 | |
| immunoblot characterization of igg, igm and ige antibodies elicited during the course of fatal and non-fatal infections of plasmodium berghei in dba/2 and balb/c mice. | when infected with the crs line of plasmodium berghei anka, dba/2 mice died of a fulminating infection around day 20 post-infection whereas balb/c mice had crises around day 15 then low or subpatent parasitaemias until approximately day 73, when sterile immunity is believed to have supervened. immunoblots for parasite-specific immunoglobulins g, m and e were made from the sera taken during the course of infection in each mouse strain. although both strains elicited antibodies to a 128-kda antige ... | 1997 | 9093428 |
| the chemotherapy of rodent malaria. liv. combinations of 'fenozan b07' (fenozan-50f), a difluorinated 3,3'-spirocyclopentane 1,2,4-trioxane, with other drugs against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant parasites. | fenozan b07, a 1,2,4-trioxane endoperoxide with potent blood schizontocidal activity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant rodent malaria parasites, exerted a modest potentiating action when administered with chloroquine (cq) to mice infected with parasites of the cq-resistant p. yoelii ssp. ns, but not when given to mice infected with the cq-sensitive p. berghei n strain. the reason why this potentiation may be of particular value in the treatment of severe falciparum malaria is discussed. ... | 1997 | 9093427 |
| the chemotherapy of rodent malaria. liii. 'fenozan b07' (fenozan-50f), a difluorinated 3,3'-spirocyclopentane 1,2,4-trioxane: comparison with some compounds of the artemisinin series. | fenozan b07, a difluorinated 3,3'-spirocyclopentane, 1,2,4-trioxane, is a novel, second-generation antimalarial endoperoxide which is a potent blood schizontocide against strains of rodent malaria that are highly resistant to a wide spectrum of classical antimalarials. like compounds of the artemisinin series, its action is limited to the intra-erythrocytic stages, both asexual and sexual, and it is devoid of causal prophylactic activity. both fenozan b07 and the artemisinins are potent gametocy ... | 1997 | 9093426 |
| brain metabolites in mice coinfected with plasmodium berghei anka and lp-bm5 virus: assessment by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. | 1997 | 9085926 | |
| evaluation of immunogenicity of an oral salmonella vaccine expressing recombinant plasmodium berghei merozoite surface protein-1. | a repetitive region of plasmodium berghei merozoite surface protein-1 (pbmsp-1) was expressed as a fusion protein with either maltose binding protein or the b subunit of heat-labile enterotoxin from escherichia coli. vaccination of mice with the fusion proteins indicates that this region of pbmsp-1 is antigenic as evidenced by an antibody response. the fusion proteins were also expressed in salmonella and mice were orally immunized with the recombinant salmonella. some of the vaccinated mice sur ... | 1997 | 9080880 |
| differential roles of t cell receptor alpha and beta chains in ligand binding among h-2kd-restricted cytolytic t lymphocyte clones specific for a photoreactive plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite peptide derivative. | to study the interaction of t cell receptor with its ligand, a complex of a major histocompatibility complex molecule and a peptide, we derived h-2kd-restricted cytolytic t lymphocyte clones from mice immunized with a plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite peptide (pbcs) 252-260 (syipsaeki) derivative containing photoreactive nepsilon-[4-azidobenzoyl] lysine in place of pro-255. this residue and lys-259 were essential parts of the epitope recognized by these clones. most of the clones expressed bv1 ... | 1997 | 9079679 |
| retarded development of exoerythrocytic stages of the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium berghei in human hepatoma cells by extracts from dioncophyllaceae and ancistrocladaceae species. | retarded development of exoerythrocytic stages of the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium berghei in human hepatoma cells by extracts from dioncophyllaceae and ancistrocladaceae species. international journal for parasitology 27: 29-32. naphthylisoquinoline alkaloid-containing extracts (10 micrograms ml-1) of species belonging to the dioncophyllaceae and the ancistrocladaceae, 2 small tropical plant families, display pronounced in vitro activities against exoerythrocytic stages of plasmodium berg ... | 1997 | 9076526 |
| adrenal cortex alterations in mice infected with plasmodium berghei. | the ultrastructural study of adrenal cortex from plasmodium berghei infected mice showed different degrees of capillary wall alterations including disruption and widening of the fenestrae, capillaries packed with parasitized erythrocytes, necrosis of cortical cells, parasitized erythrocytes outside capillaries and in some instances inside cortical cell cytoplasm. lymphocytes were also observed in degenerated cortical cells. our results suggest that adrenal cortex lesions may be relevant in the e ... | 1997 | 9066148 |
| synthesis and biological activity of platinum group metal complexes of o-vanillin thiosemicarbazones. | o-vanillin-(4-methylthiosemicarbazone), o-vanillin-(4-phenylthiosemicarbazone) and some of their metal complexes of the platinum group have been synthesized, characterized by chemical and spectral methods and studied for their antibacterial, antifungal and amoebicidal activity in vitro. the platinum group metal chelates exibited significant activity against a wide spectrum of microorganisms at different concentrations. the pt(ii) and ru(iii) chelates derived from o-vanillin-(4-phenylthiosemicarb ... | 1996 | 9050213 |
| rapid onset of malaria-induced mortality by immunizations with lipo-peptides: an experimental model to study deleterious immune responses and immunopathology in malaria. | we have recently shown that circumsporozoite (cs) protein-based cytotoxic t-cell epitope of plasmodium berghei coupled to monoplamitic and tripalmitic acid was able to induce cytotoxic t-cell responses. in the present study, we investigated whether lipopeptide derivatized cs protein b and t helper epitopes in different combinations will be able to induce protective immune responses against sporozoite challenge. several p. berghei cs peptides with monopalmitic fatty acid tails were prepared, susp ... | 1997 | 9041668 |
| evidence of cross-contamination among laboratory lines of plasmodium berghei. | 1997 | 9041530 | |
| cloning and expression of the thrombospondin related adhesive protein gene of plasmodium berghei. | sporozoite recognition of host cells is a key step in the life-cycle of malaria parasites. two sporozoite proteins have so far been characterized in some detail, the circumsporozoite protein (cs) and thrombospondin related adhesive protein (trap). we report here the cloning and expression of the trap gene homologue from plasmodium berghei, pbtrap. the pbtrap gene encodes a protein of 606 amino acids having a deduced molecular mass of 66 kda. the overall structure is clearly that of the trap fami ... | 1997 | 9041516 |
| compromised blood-nerve barrier, astrogliosis, and myelin disruption in optic nerves during fatal murine cerebral malaria. | we examined the optic nerve, as an analogous tissue to brain white matter, to assess possible relationships between changes in the blood-nerve barrier, axonal integrity, and astrocyte morphology in the central nervous system during fatal murine cerebral malaria (fmcm). in the fmcm model, namely, cba mice infected with plasmodium berghei anka, neurological symptoms begin around day 5 post-inoculation (p.i.) and mice become increasingly ill by day 7 p.i., at which time they lapse into coma and die ... | 1997 | 9034830 |
| early activation of microglia in the pathogenesis of fatal murine cerebral malaria. | microglia are pluripotent members of the macrophage/monocyte lineage that can respond in several ways to pathological changes in the central nervous system. to determine their role in the pathogenesis of fatal murine cerebral malaria (fmcm) we have conducted a detailed study of the changes in morphology and distribution of retinal microglia during the progression of the disease. adult cba/t6 mice were inoculated with plasmodium berghei anka. these mice died 7 days post inoculation (p.i.) with th ... | 1997 | 9034826 |
| effects of epitope modification on t cell receptor-ligand binding and antigen recognition by seven h-2kd-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocyte clones specific for a photoreactive peptide derivative. | we tested for antigen recognition and t cell receptor (tcr)-ligand binding 12 peptide derivative variants on seven h-2kd-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) clones specific for a bifunctional photoreactive derivative of the plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite peptide 252-260 (syipsaeki). the derivative contained iodo-4-azidosalicylic acid in place of pbcs s-252 and 4-azidobenzoic acid on pbcs k-259. selective photoactivation of the n-terminal photoreactive group allowed crosslinking to kd m ... | 1997 | 9034142 |
| cytotoxic t cell induction with ratchet peptide libraries. | immunization with synthetic peptides are used to induce cytotoxic t cell (ctl) responses in vivo. however, ctl peptide vaccines require the use of multiple peptides to overcome genetic diversity associated with mhc restriction, and prior epitope identification from the chosen protein template. we describe here a method whereby all nonamer sequences from a longer template can be synthesized simultaneously in a ratchet peptide library (rpl) covering all potential epitopes within a protein. we synt ... | 1996 | 9032897 |
| the malaria circumsporozoite protein: interaction of the conserved regions i and ii-plus with heparin-like oligosaccharides in heparan sulfate. | the malaria circumsporozoite (cs) protein binds to glycosaminoglycans from heparan sulfate proteoglycans on the cell surface of hepatocytes and is specifically cleared from the bloodstream by the liver. we show here that the two conserved regions, i and ii-plus, of the cs protein, in a concerted action, preferentially bind to highly sulfated heparin-like oligosaccharides in heparan sulfate. in a concentration-dependent manner, peptides representing region i and region ii-plus inhibited the bindi ... | 1997 | 9030667 |
| synthetic peptides entrapped in microparticles can elicit cytotoxic t cell activity. | peptides from plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite protein (cs) and influenza a virus nucleoprotein (np) were entrapped in microparticles prepared from poly (lactide-co-glycolide) polymers, and the microparticles were administered parenterally to mice. after immunization with single or multiple doses, splenocytes were tested for a cytotoxic t cell (ctl) response and high levels of ctl activity were detected. the ctl induced were cd8+, mhc class i restricted, and could recognize virus infected cel ... | 1996 | 9014294 |
| species-specific regulation and switching of transcription between stage-specific ribosomal rna genes in plasmodium berghei. | malaria parasites (plasmodium spp.) differentially express structurally distinct sets of rrna genes in a stage-specific manner. the four rrna genes of the rodent malaria parasite, p. berghei, form two classes of 2 units that are genetically unlinked and termed a-type and s-type. through northern analysis and in situ hybridization, expression of the units was demonstrated in synchronized parasite preparations covering the developmental pathway from the initiation of the blood-stage asexual cycle ... | 1997 | 9013609 |
| depletion of cd4+ or cd8+ t-cells prevents plasmodium berghei induced cerebral malaria in end-stage disease. | the role of t-cells in development of experimental cerebral malaria was analysed in c57b1/6j and c57b1/10 mice infected with plasmodium berghei k173 or plasmodium berghei anka by treatment with anti-cd4 or anti-cd8 mabs. mice were protected against cerebral malaria (cm) when anti-cd4 or anti-cd8 mabs were injected before or during infection. even in mice in end-stage disease, i.e. with a body temperature below 35.5 degrees c, treatment with anti-cd4 or anti-cd8 antibodies or the combination prot ... | 1997 | 9011069 |
| further characterization of a 58 kda plasmodium berghei phosphoprotein as a cochaperone. | molecular chaperones are important for proper protein folding during protein biogenesis. this report describes a protein from plasmodium berghei which is 30% identical and 40% similar to a recently described mammalian cochaperone, or heat shock protein 70 interacting protein. the p. berghei cochaperone accumulates throughout the trophozoite stage and decreases during the schizont stage. the stage specific expression is consistent with its presumed role in protein folding or protein-protein inter ... | 1996 | 9010839 |
| resistance to cerebral malaria in tumor necrosis factor-alpha/beta-deficient mice is associated with a reduction of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 up-regulation and t helper type 1 response. | tumor necrosis factor (tnf) induced by plasmodium berghei anka (pba) infection was suggested to play an important role in the development of cerebral malaria (cm). we asked whether tnf-alpha/beta double-deficient mice, which have a complete disruption of the tnf-signaling pathways, are protected from cm and what might be the possible mechanisms of protection. pba infection induces fatal cm in wild-type mice, which die within 5 to 8 days with severe neurological signs. in contrast, tnf-alpha/beta ... | 1997 | 9006341 |
| circumsporozoite protein is required for development of malaria sporozoites in mosquitoes. | malaria parasites undergo a sporogonic cycle in the mosquito vector. sporozoites, the form of the parasite injected into the host during a bloodmeal, develop inside oocysts in the insect midgut, then migrate to and eventually invade the salivary glands. the circumsporozoite protein (cs), one of the major proteins synthesized by salivary gland sporozoites, is a surface-associated molecule which is important in sporozoite infectivity to the host. here, by gene targeting, we created plasmodium berg ... | 1997 | 9002517 |
| 15-deoxyspergualin, an immunosuppressive agent, used in organ transplantation showed suppressive effects on malarial parasites. | deoxyspergualin (dsg), which was discovered to be an immunosuppressive agent, was examined for its in vivo effect on parasites of rodent malaria. although the mice that were not treated by dsg had an increased parasite percentage (% parasitemia) until they died, those that were treated with dsg had a decreased parasitemia and finally had 0% parasites. the spleens of infected mice became small by dsg treatment. parasitemia of mice increased again after dsg treatment was stopped. however, dsg was ... | 1997 | 8996739 |
| induction of sustained and elevated immune responses to weakly immunogenic synthetic malarial peptides by encapsulation in biodegradable polymer microspheres. | biodegradable microspheres (ms) based on poly(d,l-lactide) and poly(d,l-lactide-coglycolide) have the capacity to release encapsulated antigens over defined lengths of time depending on their composition and to elicit and sustain strong and long-lasting immune responses to protein antigens. in the present study, two synthetic multiple antigenic peptides (map), p30b2 and (nanp)6p2p30, were incorporated into ms of different compositions. p30b2 and (nanp)6p2p30 are composed of one or two universal ... | 1996 | 8994320 |
| cd8 beta increases cd8 coreceptor function and participation in tcr-ligand binding. | to study the role of cd8 beta in t cell function, we derived a cd8 alpha/beta-(cd8-/-) t cell hybridoma of the h-2kd-restricted n9 cytotoxic t lymphocyte clone specific for a photoreactive derivative of the plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite peptide pbcs 252-260. this hybridoma was transfected either with cd8 alpha alone or together with cd8 beta. all three hybridomas released interleukin 2 upon incubation with l cells expressing kd-peptide derivative complexes, though cd8 alpha/beta cells did ... | 1996 | 8976201 |
| [effect of momordica charantia l. in mice infected with plasmodium berghei]. | according to the world health organization malaria is one of the major public health problems in brazil and all over developing countries, where 80% of the population use traditional medicine to solve their primary medical problems. both treatment and control of this parasitosis have become difficult, because of parasite strains that are resistant to conventional drugs, such as chloroquine. that makes the search for new antimalarial drugs not only important but urgent. we aimed therefore at eval ... | 1996 | 8966309 |
| plasmodium berghei: infectivity of mice to anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. | the infectivity of p. berghei-infected to mice to mosquitoes declines rapidly 2 to 5 days after blood inoculation, in spite of rising numbers of gametocytes in the blood. this pattern is typical of many malaria infections and various factors, particularly specific and nonspecific immune responses, have previously been implicated in the decline. here we report that (1) simple physiological changes in the mouse blood, namely, falling ph and bicarbonate levels induced by high parasitaemias, are res ... | 1996 | 8948326 |
| heat-labile and heat-stimulable heme polymerase activities in plasmodium berghei. | 1996 | 8946392 | |
| molecular cloning and antigenic mapping of heat-shock protein 70 from the malaria species plasmodium berghei. | we have isolated a 70-kd heat-shock protein (hsp-70) cdna from plasmodium berghei. a cdna clone encoding the p. berghei hsp-70 was isolated and sequenced, demonstrating that it is highly homologous with other plasmodium hsp-70s. one of the common features is a series of ggmp amino acid repeats at the carboxy terminus; there is also a long, at-rich 5' untranslated region, a hallmark of other malarial rnas. hydropathy and antigenicity analyses suggest the presence of two hydrophilic domains. recom ... | 1996 | 8940993 |
| synthesis and immunostimulant activity of novel analogs of human casein fragment (54-59). | structural analogs of the hexapeptide sequence 54-59 (a) human casein, reported to stimulate immune response, were synthesized and evaluated for immunostimulant activity. hexapeptide 91/409 (c), 90/649 (d) and 91/361 (e) stimulated higher antibody titre and delayed type of hyper-sensitivity (dth) response than the natural casein hexapeptide in balb/c mice-sheep red blood cells (srbc) and guinea pig-ovalbumin models. these peptides also induced higher stimulation of non-specific immune response a ... | 1996 | 8933167 |
| mitochondrial heme oxygenase of mastomys coucha. | while studying the fate of heme generated during malaria infection, it was observed that mitochondrial preparations were highly enriched with heme compared to other subcellular particles. with this background, the present study aimed to determine the status of mitochondrial heme oxygenase and compare it with the microsomal enzyme. mitochondrial and microsomal preparations were obtained from liver, spleen, kidney and brain of normal, inducer (cobalt chloride and hemin)-treated and plasmodium berg ... | 1996 | 8930130 |
| localization of ribosomal rna and pbs21-mrna in the sexual stages of plasmodium berghei using electron microscope in situ hybridization. | a reproducible technique for the ultrastructural localization of rnas in malaria parasites has been developed which combines excellent structural preservation with high hybridization signals. signals obtained following in situ hybridization with an antisense rrna probe which recognizes all forms of small subunit (ssu) rrna correlate with the density of ribosomes in the parasite cytoplasm and show that a) the male gametocyte has only 12 to 25% the ribosomes found in the female cell and asexual pa ... | 1996 | 8929565 |
| a one-step lysis procedure for 18s ribosomal rna-based diagnosis of infection by plasmodium species. | 1996 | 8921197 | |
| dual interaction of the malaria circumsporozoite protein with the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (lrp) and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. | speed and selectivity of hepatocyte invasion by malaria sporozoites have suggested a receptor-mediated mechanism and the specific interaction of the circumsporozoite (cs) protein with liver-specific heparan sulfate proteoglycans (hspgs) has been implicated in the targeting to the liver. here we show that the cs protein interacts not only with cell surface heparan sulfate, but also with the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (lrp). binding of 125i-cs protein to purified lrp occurs w ... | 1996 | 8920859 |
| cell surface glycosaminoglycans are not obligatory for plasmodium berghei sporozoite invasion in vitro. | the malaria circumsporozoite (cs) protein binds to glycosaminoglycan chains from heparan sulfate proteoglycans present on the basolateral surface of hepatocytes and hepatoma cells in vitro. when injected into mice, cs protein is rapidly cleared from the blood circulation by hepatocytes. the binding region for the hspgs is the evolutionarily conserved region ii-plus of the cs protein. here we have asked whether the presence of glycosaminoglycans on the plasma membrane of target cells is required ... | 1996 | 8920011 |
| experimental congenital toxocariasis: effect on foetal future immune response. | congenital parasitic infections may not lead to any overt clinical effects but could modulate the foetal future immune response to the same parasite depending on whether sensitization or tolerance has occurred in utero. in this study, pregnant female mice were infected with toxocara canis eggs at different gestational age, then the offspring were next challenged with toxocara eggs 6 weeks after birth and their immune response was assessed by estimation of the eosinophilic count and serum ige con ... | 1996 | 8918035 |
| molecular electronic properties of a series of 4-quinolinecarbinolamines define antimalarial activity profile. | a detailed computational study on a series of 4-quinolinecarbinolamine antimalarials was performed using the semiempirical austin model 1 (am1) quantum chemical method to correlate the electronic features with antimalarial activity and to illuminate more completely the fundamental molecular level forces that affect the function and utility of the compounds. ab initio (3-21g level) calculations were performed on mefloquine, the lead compound in this series, to check the reliability of the am1 met ... | 1996 | 8917651 |
| apicidin: a novel antiprotozoal agent that inhibits parasite histone deacetylase. | a novel fungal metabolite, apicidin [cyclo(n-o-methyl-l-tryptophanyl-l -isoleucinyl-d-pipecolinyl-l-2-amino-8-oxodecanoyl)], that exhibits potent, broad spectrum antiprotozoal activity in vitro against apicomplexan parasites has been identified. it is also orally and parenterally active in vivo against plasmodium berghei malaria in mice. many apicomplexan parasites cause serious, life-threatening human and animal diseases, such as malaria, cryptosporidiosis, toxoplasmosis, and coccidiosis, and n ... | 1996 | 8917558 |
| facilitation of rift valley fever virus transmission by plasmodium berghei sporozoites in anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. | certain mosquito species are susceptible to viral infection but cannot transmit the virus due to a salivary gland barrier. we hypothesized that such species could transmit virus if the mosquito were infected with both virus and malaria parasites. malaria sporozoites disrupt the integrity of mosquito salivary glands and, in so doing, may destroy salivary gland barriers to viral transmission. to examine this postulate, the model system of rift valley fever (rvf) virus and a rodent parasite, plasmo ... | 1996 | 8916797 |
| correlation between enhanced vascular permeability, up-regulation of cellular adhesion molecules and monocyte adhesion to the endothelium in the retina during the development of fatal murine cerebral malaria. | the relationships between increased vascular permeability to protein, monocyte adherence to the endothelium, and expression of the cell adhesion molecules, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (icam-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (vcam-1) in the central nervous system microvasculature were studied during the progression of fatal murine cerebral malaria. cba mice were inoculated with plasmodium berghei anka, and changes in the retinal microvasculature were examined on days 3, 5, and 7 post ... | 1996 | 8909263 |
| recombinant plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase-based in vitro screen for antifolate antimalarials. | we describe the system for screening the effective antifolate antimalarials that uses the recombinant plasmodium falciparum dhfr domain of the bifunctional dhfr-ts expressed in escherichia coli, and were designed with amino acid alterations found in the dhfr genes of the antifolate resistant strains. the validity of the screen was verified by the subsequent examination of several substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines for their antimalarial activity. among the 120 chemical derivatives, 5 compound ... | 1996 | 8898337 |
| release of malaria circumsporozoite protein into the host cell cytoplasm and interaction with ribosomes. | to date, the circumsporozoite (cs) protein has been implicated in guiding malaria sporozoites to the liver [cerami et al., cell 70, 1992, 1021-1033]. here we show that shortly after invasion, p. berghei and p. yoelii sporozoites lie free in the invaded cell and release considerable amounts of cs protein into the cytoplasm. the intracytoplasmic deposition of cs protein begins during the attachment of the sporozoite to the host cell surface and reaches its peak during the first 4-6 h after invasio ... | 1996 | 8898331 |
| a chromatin-associated protein is encoded in a genomic region highly conserved in the plasmodium genus. | a single copy gene, pbb7, encoding a putative 26 kda acidic protein has been isolated from plasmodium berghei and appears to be part of a genomic region well conserved within the plasmodium genus. the deduced amino acid sequence exhibits significant blocks of similarity with nucleosome assembly proteins from yeast and man. the nuclear localization of the natural protein and its close association with chromatin during the entire erythrocytic cycle of the parasite have been demonstrated using spec ... | 1996 | 8892296 |
| an exploration of the structure-activity relationships of 4-aminoquinolines: novel antimalarials with activity in-vivo. | the structure-activity relationships of bisquinolines, a potentially important group of novel antimalarial drugs, were studied. the high-temperature (180-250 degrees c) synthesis of 4-aminoquinolines, including bisquinolines, by nucleophilic displacement was both fast and efficient several bisquinolines including (+/-)-trans-n1,n2-bis(7-trifluoroquinolin-4-yl)cyclohexane-1, 2-diamine and 1r,2r-(-)-, 1s,2s-(+)-, (+/-)-trans- and cis-n1, n2-bis(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)cyclohexane-1,2-diamine exhibit ... | 1996 | 8887736 |
| upregulation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates in plasmodium berghei infected mice after rescue therapy with chloroquine or artemether. | plasmodium berghei anka infected c57b1/6 mice develop cerebral malaria at a parasitaemia of 15-25%. when parasitaemia reached 10%, p. berghei infected mice were treated with artemether, chloroquine or clindamycin in order to prevent the occurrence of cerebral malaria. artemether and chloroquine were highly efficient. functional tests revealed that zymosan stimulated spleen cells from untreated mice with cerebral malaria showed a slight decrease in their capacity to produce reactive oxygen interm ... | 1996 | 8858461 |
| induction of anti-malarial transmission blocking immunity with a recombinant ookinete surface antigen of plasmodium berghei produced in silkworm larvae using the baculovirus expression vector system. | we have studied pbs21, a major ookinete surface protein of plasmodium berghei, for the development of a model transmission blocking immunogen. in the mouse, recombinant pbs21 expressed in the escherichia coli expression system (ecrpbs21) is not as effective in inducing transmission blocking antibodies as native pbs21 (npbs21), possibly because of differences in post-translational processing between ecrpbs21 and npbs21. in an attempt to improve the efficacy of the recombinant molecule, we describ ... | 1996 | 8852407 |
| heme oxygenase and related indices in chloroquine-resistant and -sensitive strains of plasmodium berghei. | chloroquine-resistant (cqr) and -sensitive (cqs) plasmodium berghei k173 strains possessed significant activities of heme oxygenase, biliverdin reductase and heme polymerase. heme oxygenase and biliverdin reducatase activities of cqr were significantly higher (7-10 fold) as compared to that of cqs p. berghei, whereas heme polymerase showed a reverse trend (two-fold decrease). however, a 10-fold increase in heme, three-fold increase in ferriprotoporphyrin ix and a two-fold increase in hemozoin le ... | 1995 | 8847167 |
| 4-aminoquinoline analogs of chloroquine with shortened side chains retain activity against chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum. | we have synthesized several 4-aminoquinolines with shortened side chains that retain activity against chloroquine-resistant isolates of plasmodium falciparum malaria (w. hofheinz, c. jaquet, and s. jolidon, european patent 94116281.0, june 1995). we report here an assessment of the activities of four selected compounds containing ethyl, propyl, and isopropyl side chains. reasonable in vitro activity (50% inhibitory concentration, < 100 nm) against chloroquine-resistant p. falciparum strains was ... | 1996 | 8843292 |
| the erythrocytic schizogony of two synchronized strains of plasmodium berghei, nk65 and anka, in normocytes and reticulocytes. | by a modified percoll-glucose centrifugation technique the rings and young trophozoites of two strains of plasmodium berghei, nk65 and anka, were separated from the other erythrocytic stages and inoculated into mice. the subsequent infection was followed for anka in normal mice and for nk65 in normal mice and in mice with high-grade reticulocytosis induced by injections of phenylhydrazine. the duration of the erythrocytic schizogony of the nk65 strain was shown to be independent of the age of th ... | 1996 | 8825215 |
| identification of a plasmodium berghei antigen sharing common features with p. falciparum and p. chabaudi parasitophorous-vacuole membrane antigens. | on the basis of immunological cross-reactivity, we identified a 43-kda plasmodium berghei antigen with homology to the exp-1 antigen from p. falciparium. the p. berghei antigen was recognized by an antibody directed against an epitope on the c-terminus of the p. falciparum exp-1 protein. this antigen is localized on the surface of the parasite and shares peptide sequence homology with the p. chabudi antigen ag3008. to investigate further the role of the p. berghei antigen, we designed antisense ... | 1996 | 8825207 |
| re-investigation of the circumsporozoite protein-based induction of sterile immunity against plasmodium berghei infection. | although the circumsporozoite protein (csp) of the malaria parasite is the most immunologically characterized protein, the goal of using this protein in an effective vaccine has not yet been realized. monoclonal antibody against the repetitive immunodominant b-epitope of the csp can protect mice from malaria, but vaccines that induce antibody against this epitope do not consistently induce protection. toward developing a rationale for a csp-based effective vaccine, we have re-investigated the ab ... | 1996 | 8817831 |