Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| pertussis serology: assessment of igg anti-pt elisa for replacement of the cho cell assay. | two types of serological assays are commonly used for the assessment of pertussis vaccine-induced antibodies; the chinese hamster ovary cell (cho cell) assay and the immunoglobulin g (igg) anti pertussis toxin (pt) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (igg anti-pt elisa). recently, both the techniques have been modified to improve performance with sera with interfering activity (cho cell assay) or with heat-treated sera (igg anti-pt elisa). these two improved techniques were compared by the analysi ... | 2010 | 21091778 |
| natural regulatory t cells in autoimmunity. | the suppressive/immunomodulatory function of cd4(+)cd25(+)foxp3(+) regulatory t (treg) cells is crucial for the maintenance of immune homeostasis, which helps to prevent autoimmunity and reduce the inflammation induced by pathogens and environmental insults. this review summarizes the current knowledge on the types and mechanisms of action of treg cells and their role in the immune tolerance to self-antigens, with a particular focus on naturally occurring treg cells. | 2010 | 21091291 |
| natural regulatory t cells in autoimmunity. | the suppressive/immunomodulatory function of cd4(+)cd25(+)foxp3(+) regulatory t (treg) cells is crucial for the maintenance of immune homeostasis, which helps to prevent autoimmunity and reduce the inflammation induced by pathogens and environmental insults. this review summarizes the current knowledge on the types and mechanisms of action of treg cells and their role in the immune tolerance to self-antigens, with a particular focus on naturally occurring treg cells. | 2010 | 21091291 |
| development and characterization of a highly specific and sensitive sybr green reverse transcriptase pcr assay for detection of the 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza virus on the basis of sequence signatures. | the emergence and rapid spread of the 2009 h1n1 pandemic influenza virus showed that many diagnostic tests were unsuitable for detecting the novel virus isolates. in most countries the probe-based taqman assay developed by the u.s. centers for disease control and prevention was used for diagnostic purposes. the substantial sequence data that became available during the course of the pandemic created the opportunity to utilize bioinformatics tools to evaluate the unique sequence properties of thi ... | 2010 | 21084522 |
| development and characterization of a highly specific and sensitive sybr green reverse transcriptase pcr assay for detection of the 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza virus on the basis of sequence signatures. | the emergence and rapid spread of the 2009 h1n1 pandemic influenza virus showed that many diagnostic tests were unsuitable for detecting the novel virus isolates. in most countries the probe-based taqman assay developed by the u.s. centers for disease control and prevention was used for diagnostic purposes. the substantial sequence data that became available during the course of the pandemic created the opportunity to utilize bioinformatics tools to evaluate the unique sequence properties of thi ... | 2010 | 21084522 |
| identification of a family of effectors secreted by the type iii secretion system that are conserved in pathogenic chlamydiae. | chlamydiae are gram-negative, obligate intracellular pathogens that replicate within a membrane-bounded compartment termed an inclusion. throughout their development, they actively modify the eukaryotic environment. the type iii secretion (tts) system is the main process by which the bacteria translocate effector proteins into the inclusion membrane and the host cell cytoplasm. here we describe a family of type iii secreted effectors that are present in all pathogenic chlamydiae and absent in th ... | 2010 | 21078856 |
| identification of a family of effectors secreted by the type iii secretion system that are conserved in pathogenic chlamydiae. | chlamydiae are gram-negative, obligate intracellular pathogens that replicate within a membrane-bounded compartment termed an inclusion. throughout their development, they actively modify the eukaryotic environment. the type iii secretion (tts) system is the main process by which the bacteria translocate effector proteins into the inclusion membrane and the host cell cytoplasm. here we describe a family of type iii secreted effectors that are present in all pathogenic chlamydiae and absent in th ... | 2010 | 21078856 |
| does m. tuberculosis genomic diversity explain disease diversity? | the outcome of tuberculosis infection and disease is highly variable. this variation has been attributed primarily to host and environmental factors, but better understanding of the global genomic diversity in the m. tuberculosis complex (mtbc) suggests that bacterial factors could also be involved. review of nearly 100 published reports shows that mtbc strains differ in their virulence and immunogenicity in experimental models, but whether this phenotypic variation plays a role in human disease ... | 2010 | 21076640 |
| il-17 family member cytokines: regulation and function in innate immunity. | recently, the il-17 family member cytokines have become prominent subjects of investigation. il-17 (il-17a) is the best-described member of this family where its production has been mainly attributed to a specialized t helper subset of the adaptive immune response termed th17. however, recent research on this and other th17 cytokines has revealed new sources and functions of il-17 family members in the innate immune response. this review will highlight recent advances in the field of il-17 famil ... | 2010 | 21074482 |
| comparative genomics of prevaccination and modern bordetella pertussis strains. | despite vaccination since the 1950s, pertussis has persisted and resurged. it remains a major cause of infant death worldwide and is the most prevalent vaccine-preventable disease in developed countries. the resurgence of pertussis has been associated with the expansion of bordetella pertussis strains with a novel allele for the pertussis toxin (ptx) promoter, ptxp3, which have replaced resident ptxp1 strains. compared to ptxp1 strains, ptxp3 produce more ptx resulting in increased virulence and ... | 2010 | 21070624 |
| what to do and what not to do in serological diagnosis of pertussis: recommendations from eu reference laboratories. | bordetella pertussis-specific antibodies can be detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) or multiplex immunoassays. assays use purified or mixed antigens, and only pertussis toxin (pt) is specific for b. pertussis. the interpretation of results can be based on dual-sample or single-sample serology using one or two cut-offs. the eu pertstrain group recommends that: (i) elisas and multiplex immunoassays should use purified non-detoxified pt as an antigen, that they should have a bro ... | 2010 | 21069406 |
| [molecular genetic features of structure of gene coding tracheal colonization factor in bordetella pertussis strains]. | comparative analysis of structure of tcfa gene coding tracheal colonization factor of bordetella pertussis strans isolated in moscow from patients with pertussis. | 2010 | 21061570 |
| salmonella pathogenicity island 2 expression negatively controlled by eiiantr-ssrb interaction is required for salmonella virulence. | ssra/ssrb is a primary two-component system that mediates the survival and replication of salmonella within host cells. when activated, the ssrb response regulator directly promotes the transcription of multiple genes within salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi-2). as expression of the ssrb protein is promoted by several transcription factors, including ssrb itself, the expression of spi-2 genes can increase to undesirable levels under activating conditions. here, we report that salmonella can ... | 2010 | 21059960 |
| the collaborative pediatric critical care research network (cpccrn) critical pertussis study: collaborative research in pediatric critical care medicine. | objective:: to provide an updated overview of critical pertussis to the pediatric critical care community and describe a study of critical pertussis recently undertaken. setting:: the six sites, seven hospitals of the collaborative pediatric critical care research network, and 17 outside sites at academic medical centers with pediatric intensive care units. results:: despite high coverage for childhood vaccination, pertussis causes substantial morbidity and mortality in us children, especially a ... | 2010 | 21057366 |
| how tolerogenic dendritic cells induce regulatory t cells. | since their discovery by steinman and cohn in 1973, dendritic cells (dcs) have become increasingly recognized for their crucial role as regulators of innate and adaptive immunity. dcs are exquisitely adept at acquiring, processing, and presenting antigens to t cells. they also adjust the context (and hence the outcome) of antigen presentation in response to a plethora of environmental inputs that signal the occurrence of pathogens or tissue damage. such signals generally boost dc maturation, whi ... | 2010 | 21056730 |
| variability in the lipooligosaccharide structure and endotoxicity among bordetella pertussis strains. | bordetella endotoxins show remarkable structural variability both among each other and in comparison to other gram-negative bacteria. here we demonstrate that, in contrast to the common bordetella pertussis laboratory strain and tohama i derivative bp338, lipooligosaccharide from mouse challenge strain 18-323 is a poor inducer of inflammatory cytokines in human and murine macrophages, is greatly impaired in toll-like receptor 4-mediated activation of nuclear factor-κb in transfected hek-293 cell ... | 2010 | 21050116 |
| bordetella pertussis infection is common in nonvaccinated infants admitted for bronchiolitis. | preliminary evidence suggests that viral-pertussis coinfections are common in nonvaccinated infants. | 2010 | 21046700 |
| phosphoryl moieties of lipid a from neisseria meningitidis and n. gonorrhoeae lipooligosaccharides play an important role in activation of both myd88- and trif-dependent tlr4-md-2 signaling pathways. | we have previously shown that the lipooligosaccharide (los) from neisseria meningitidis and n. gonorrhoeae engages the tlr4-md-2 complex. in this study, we report that los from different meningococcal and gonococcal strains have different potencies to activate nf-κb through tlr4-md-2 and that the relative activation can be correlated with ion abundances in maldi-tof mass spectrometry that are indicative of the number of phosphoryl substituents on the lipid a (la) component of the los. the loss f ... | 2010 | 21037101 |
| commensal-epithelial signaling mediated via formyl peptide receptors. | commensal bacteria and/or their products engender beneficial effects to the mammalian gut, including stimulating physiological cellular turnover and enhancing wound healing, without activating overt inflammation. in the present study, we observed commensal bacteria-mediated activation of the noninflammatory extracellular signal-regulated kinase[erk]/mitogen-activated protein kinase and akt signaling pathways in gut epithelial cells and delineated a mechanism for this bacterially activated signal ... | 2010 | 21037077 |
| imperfect vaccine-induced immunity and whooping cough transmission to infants. | whooping cough, caused by b. pertussis and b. parapertussis, has increased in incidence throughout much of the developed world since the 1980s despite high vaccine coverage, causing an increased risk of infection in infants who have substantial disease-induced mortality. duration of immunity and epidemically significant routes of transmission across age groups remain unclear and deserve further investigation to inform vaccination strategies to better control pertussis burden. the authors analyze ... | 2010 | 21034823 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infections in the adult asthmatic--mechanisms of host susceptibility and viral subversion. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a single-stranded rna virus of the paramyxoviridae family, is a major cause of bronchiolitis in infants and is also conjectured to be an early-life influence on the development of asthma. although the data supporting a role for rsv in bronchiolitis in children are robust and evidence to support its role in juvenile asthmatics exists, rsv's role in asthma pathogenesis in adults is not as clearly defined. the authors review the literature to further elucidate rsv ... | 2010 | 21029936 |
| effect of vaccination on bordetella pertussis strains, china. | whole-cell pertussis vaccine was introduced in china in the early 1960s. we used standard typing methods to compare 96 bordetella pertussis isolates collected before and after introduction of vaccination, during 1953-2005. the following vaccine-type alleles of the pertussis toxin (ptx) gene were characteristic for all prevaccination strains: ptxa2, ptxa3, and ptxa4. the shift to ptxa1 occurred since 1963. all isolates collected since 1983 contained ptxa1. pertactin (prn) allele 1, prn1, was pred ... | 2010 | 21029526 |
| the in vitro and in vivo activity of streptomycin against hemophilus pertussis. | 1945 | 21011720 | |
| a post-nasal swab suitable for culturing haemophilus pertussis. | 1946 | 21003095 | |
| infectivity of hemophilus pertussis for the chick embryo. | 1946 | 20993182 | |
| whooping cough; pertussis agglutinogen skin test after immunization with hemophilus pertussis vaccine. | 1946 | 20989980 | |
| membrane association of pspa depends on activation of the phage-shock-protein response in yersinia enterocolitica. | regulation of the bacterial phage-shock-protein (psp) system involves communication between integral (pspbc) and peripheral (pspa) cytoplasmic membrane proteins and a soluble transcriptional activator (pspf). in this study protein subcellular localization studies were used to distinguish between spatial models for this putative signal transduction pathway in yersinia enterocolitica. in non-inducing conditions pspa and pspf were almost exclusively in the soluble fraction, consistent with them for ... | 2010 | 20979344 |
| cost-effectiveness of adolescent pertussis vaccination for the netherlands: using an individual-based dynamic model. | despite widespread immunization programs, a clear increase in pertussis incidence is apparent in many developed countries during the last decades. consequently, additional immunization strategies are considered to reduce the burden of disease. the aim of this study is to design an individual-based stochastic dynamic framework to model pertussis transmission in the population in order to predict the epidemiologic and economic consequences of the implementation of universal booster vaccination pro ... | 2010 | 20976213 |
| the nkg2d ligands rae-1δ and rae-1ε differ with respect to their receptor affinity, expression profiles and transcriptional regulation. | rae-1 is a ligand of the activating receptor nkg2d expressed by nk cells, nkt, γδt and some cd8(+)t lymphocytes. rae-1 is overexpressed in tumor cell lines and its expression is induced after viral infection and genotoxic stress. we have recently demonstrated that rae-1 is expressed in the adult subventricular zone (svz) from c57bl/6 mice. rae-1 is also expressed in vitro by neural stem/progenitor cells (nspcs) and plays a non-immune role in cell proliferation. the c57bl/6 mouse genome contains ... | 2010 | 20976056 |
| genome-wide identification of hrpl-regulated genes in the necrotrophic phytopathogen dickeya dadantii 3937. | background: dickeya dadantii is a necrotrophic pathogen causing disease in many plants. previous studies have demonstrated that the type iii secretion system (t3ss) of d. dadantii is required for full virulence. hrpl is an alternative sigma factor that binds to the hrp box promoter sequence of t3ss genes to up-regulate their expression. methodology/principal findings: to explore the inventory of hrpl-regulated genes of d. dadantii 3937 (3937), transcriptome profiles of wild-type 3937 and a hrpl ... | 2010 | 20976052 |
| interleukin-1 receptor signaling is required to overcome the effects of pertussis toxin and for efficient infection- or vaccination-induced immunity against bordetella pertussis. | interleukin-1 receptor-deficient (il-1r(-/-)) mice are healthy despite being colonized by commensal microbes but are defective in defenses against specific pathogens, suggesting that il-1r-mediated effects contribute to immune responses against specific pathogenic mechanisms. to better define the role of il-1r in immunity to respiratory infections, we challenged il-1r(-/-) mice with bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis, the causative agents of whooping cough. following inoculation w ... | 2010 | 20974829 |
| the rcs signal transduction pathway is triggered by enterobacterial common antigen structure alterations in serratia marcescens. | the enterobacterial common antigen (eca) is a highly conserved exopolysaccharide in gram-negative bacteria whose role remains largely uncharacterized. in a previous work, we have demonstrated that disrupting the integrity of the eca biosynthetic pathway imposed severe deficiencies to the serratia marcescens motile (swimming and swarming) capacity. in this work, we show that alterations in the eca structure activate the rcs phosphorelay, which results in the repression of the flagellar biogenesis ... | 2010 | 20971912 |
| the rcs signal transduction pathway is triggered by enterobacterial common antigen structure alterations in serratia marcescens. | the enterobacterial common antigen (eca) is a highly conserved exopolysaccharide in gram-negative bacteria whose role remains largely uncharacterized. in a previous work, we have demonstrated that disrupting the integrity of the eca biosynthetic pathway imposed severe deficiencies to the serratia marcescens motile (swimming and swarming) capacity. in this work, we show that alterations in the eca structure activate the rcs phosphorelay, which results in the repression of the flagellar biogenesis ... | 2010 | 20971912 |
| in vivo efficacy of a chitosan/il-12 adjuvant system for protein-based vaccines. | vaccines based on recombinant proteins require adjuvant systems in order to generate th1-type immune responses. we have developed a vaccine adjuvant system using a viscous chitosan solution and interleukin (il)-12, a th1-inducing cytokine. the chitosan solution is designed to create a depot of antigen and il-12 at a subcutaneous injection site. we measured the in vivo immune response of a vaccine containing 0.25, 1, or 4 μg murine il-12 and 75 μg ovalbumin (ova), formulated in a 1.5% chitosan gl ... | 2010 | 20965561 |
| in vivo efficacy of a chitosan/il-12 adjuvant system for protein-based vaccines. | vaccines based on recombinant proteins require adjuvant systems in order to generate th1-type immune responses. we have developed a vaccine adjuvant system using a viscous chitosan solution and interleukin (il)-12, a th1-inducing cytokine. the chitosan solution is designed to create a depot of antigen and il-12 at a subcutaneous injection site. we measured the in vivo immune response of a vaccine containing 0.25, 1, or 4 μg murine il-12 and 75 μg ovalbumin (ova), formulated in a 1.5% chitosan gl ... | 2010 | 20965561 |
| false-negative pcr result due to gene polymorphism: the example of neisseria meningitidis. | early treatment of meningococcal meningitis is mandatory but may negate the cerebrospinal fluid culture. etiological diagnosis then mainly relies on pcr. here, we report a case of false-negative results for real-time pcr for a neisseria meningitidis serogroup b isolate with a polymorphism in the ctra gene. | 2010 | 20962143 |
| identification and modulation of voltage-gated ca2+ currents in zebrafish rohon-beard neurons. | electrically excitable cells have voltage-dependent ion channels on the plasma membrane that regulate membrane permeability to specific ions. voltage-gated ca(2+) channels (vgccs) are especially important as ca(2+) serves as both a charge carrier and second messenger. zebrafish (danio rerio) are an important model vertebrate for studies of neuronal excitability, circuits, and behavior. however, electrophysiological properties of zebrafish vgccs remain largely unexplored because a suitable prepar ... | 2010 | 20962070 |
| identification and modulation of voltage-gated ca2+ currents in zebrafish rohon-beard neurons. | electrically excitable cells have voltage-dependent ion channels on the plasma membrane that regulate membrane permeability to specific ions. voltage-gated ca(2+) channels (vgccs) are especially important as ca(2+) serves as both a charge carrier and second messenger. zebrafish (danio rerio) are an important model vertebrate for studies of neuronal excitability, circuits, and behavior. however, electrophysiological properties of zebrafish vgccs remain largely unexplored because a suitable prepar ... | 2010 | 20962070 |
| bis-halogen-anthraniloyl-substituted nucleoside 5'-triphosphates as potent and selective inhibitors of bordetella pertussis adenylyl cyclase toxin. | whooping cough is caused by bordetella pertussis and still constitutes one of the top five causes of death in young children, particularly in developing countries. the calmodulin-activated adenylyl cyclase (ac) toxin cyaa substantially contributes to disease development. thus, potent and selective cyaa inhibitors would be valuable drugs for the treatment of whooping cough. however, it has been difficult to obtain potent cyaa inhibitors with selectivity relative to mammalian acs. selectivity is i ... | 2010 | 20962032 |
| what is type vi secretion doing in all those bugs? | the identification of bacterial secretion systems capable of translocating substrates into eukaryotic cells via needle-like appendages has opened fruitful and exciting areas of microbial pathogenesis research. the recent discovery of the type vi secretion system (t6ss) was met with early speculation that it too acts as a 'needle' that pathogens aim at host cells. new reports demonstrate that certain t6sss are potent mediators of interbacterial interactions. in light of these findings, we examine ... | 2010 | 20961764 |
| meningococcal internalization into human endothelial and epithelial cells is triggered by the influx of extracellular l-glutamate via gltt l-glutamate abc transporter in neisseria meningitidis. | meningococcal internalization into human cells is likely to be a consequence of meningococcal adhesion to human epithelial and endothelial cells. here, we identified three transposon mutants of neisseria meningitidis that were primarily defective in the internalization of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hbmec), with insertions occurring in the gltt (a sodium-independent l-glutamate transporter) gene or its neighboring gene, nmb1964 (unknown function). nmb1964 was tentatively named g ... | 2010 | 20956569 |
| meningococcal internalization into human endothelial and epithelial cells is triggered by the influx of extracellular l-glutamate via gltt l-glutamate abc transporter in neisseria meningitidis. | meningococcal internalization into human cells is likely to be a consequence of meningococcal adhesion to human epithelial and endothelial cells. here, we identified three transposon mutants of neisseria meningitidis that were primarily defective in the internalization of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hbmec), with insertions occurring in the gltt (a sodium-independent l-glutamate transporter) gene or its neighboring gene, nmb1964 (unknown function). nmb1964 was tentatively named g ... | 2010 | 20956569 |
| endothelial histamine h1 receptor signaling reduces blood-brain barrier permeability and susceptibility to autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | disruption of the blood-brain barrier (bbb) underlies the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) and multiple sclerosis. environmental factors, such as bordetella pertussis, are thought to sensitize central endothelium to biogenic amines like histamine, thereby leading to increased bbb permeability. b. pertussis-induced histamine sensitization (bphs) is a monogenic intermediate phenotype of eae controlled by histamine h(1) receptor (hrh1/h(1)r). here, we transgenically ov ... | 2010 | 20956310 |
| sensitivity and specificity of the world health organization pertussis clinical case definition. | bordetella pertussis continues to circulate even in countries with good childhood vaccination coverage. this study was undertaken to define the relationship between documented disease and the clinical criteria proposed by the world health organization (who). | 2010 | 20951620 |
| the immunogenicity and safety of a reduced prp-content dtpw-hbv/hib vaccine when administered according to the accelerated epi schedule. | combination vaccines improve coverage, compliance and effectively introduce new antigens to mass vaccination programmes. this was a phase iii, observer-blind, randomized study of gsk biologicals diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis vaccine combined with hepatitis b and haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines, containing a reduced amount of polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate (prp) and a dtpw component manufactured at a different site (dtpw-hbv/hib2.5 [kft]). the primary aim of this study was to demo ... | 2010 | 20950457 |
| primary and booster vaccination in latin american children with a dtpw-hbv/hib combination: a randomized controlled trial. | diphtheria-tetanus-whole-cell pertussis (dtpw)-based combination vaccines are an attractive option to rapidly achieve high coverage and protection against other important pathogens, such as hepatitis b virus (hbv) and haemophilus influenzae type b (hib). to ensure adequate antigen supply, glaxosmithkline biologicals has introduced a new dtpw antigen source and developed a new dtpw-hbv/hib combination vaccine containing a reduced amount of hib polyribosylribitol phosphate (prp). this study was un ... | 2010 | 20950456 |
| crystal structure of legionella dotd: insights into the relationship between type ivb and type ii/iii secretion systems. | the dot/icm type ivb secretion system (t4bss) is a pivotal determinant of legionella pneumophila pathogenesis. l. pneumophila translocate more than 100 effector proteins into host cytoplasm using dot/icm t4bss, modulating host cellular functions to establish a replicative niche within host cells. the t4bss core complex spanning the inner and outer membranes is thought to be made up of at least five proteins: dotc, dotd, dotf, dotg and doth. doth is the outer membrane protein; its targeting depen ... | 2010 | 20949065 |
| cell cycle arrest induced by the bacterial adenylate cyclase toxins from bacillus anthracis and bordetella pertussis. | bacillus anthracis oedema toxin (et) and bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin (act) enter host cells and produce camp. to understand the cellular consequences, we exposed j774 cells to these toxins at ng ml(-1) (pm) concentrations, then followed cell number and changes in cell signalling pathways. under these conditions, both toxins produce a concentration-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation without cytotoxicity. et and act increase the proportion of cells in g(1) /g(0) and reduce ... | 2010 | 20946259 |
| performance of commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of antibodies to bordetella pertussis. | measuring antibodies to bordetella pertussis antigens is mostly done by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas). we compared the performance of elisa kits that were commercially available in germany. eleven measured igg antibodies, and nine measured iga antibodies. an in-house elisa with purified antigens served as a reference method. samples included two who reference preparations, the former food and drug administration (fda)/center for biologics evaluation and research (cber) reference pr ... | 2010 | 20943873 |
| involvement of eupr, a response regulator of the narl/fixj family, in the control of the uptake of the compatible solutes ectoines by the halophilic bacterium chromohalobacter salexigens. | osmosensing and associated signal transduction pathways have not yet been described in obligately halophilic bacteria. chromohalobacter salexigens is a halophilic bacterium with a broad range of salt tolerance. in response to osmotic stress, it synthesizes and accumulates large amounts of the compatible solutes ectoine and hydroxyectoine. in a previous work, we showed that ectoines can be also accumulated upon transport from the external medium, and that they can be used as carbon sources at opt ... | 2010 | 20942908 |
| [bordetella pertussis]. | 2010 | 20942035 | |
| blockade of receptor-activated g(i) signaling in osteoblasts in vivo leads to site-specific increases in cortical and cancellous bone formation. | osteoblasts play a critical role in the maintenance of bone mass through bone formation and regulation of bone resorption. targeted expression of a constitutively active engineered g(i)-coupled g protein-coupled receptor (gpcr) to osteoblasts in vivo leads to severe osteopenia. however, little is known about the role of endogenous receptor-mediated g(i) signaling in regulating osteoblast function. in this study, we investigated the skeletal effects of blocking g(i)-coupled signaling in osteoblas ... | 2011 | 20939063 |
| blockade of receptor-activated g(i) signaling in osteoblasts in vivo leads to site-specific increases in cortical and cancellous bone formation. | osteoblasts play a critical role in the maintenance of bone mass through bone formation and regulation of bone resorption. targeted expression of a constitutively active engineered g(i)-coupled g protein-coupled receptor (gpcr) to osteoblasts in vivo leads to severe osteopenia. however, little is known about the role of endogenous receptor-mediated g(i) signaling in regulating osteoblast function. in this study, we investigated the skeletal effects of blocking g(i)-coupled signaling in osteoblas ... | 2011 | 20939063 |
| the calculation of information and organismal complexity. | it is difficult to measure precisely the phenotypic complexity of living organisms. here we propose a method to calculate the minimal amount of genomic information needed to construct organism (effective information) as a measure of organismal complexity, by using permutation and combination formulas and shannon's information concept. | 2010 | 20937149 |
| crl binds to domain 2 of σ(s) and confers a competitive advantage on a natural rpos mutant of salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | the rpos sigma factor (σ(s)) is the master regulator of the bacterial response to a variety of stresses. mutants in rpos arise in bacterial populations in the absence of stress, probably as a consequence of a subtle balance between self-preservation and nutritional competence. we characterized here one natural rpos mutant of salmonella enterica serovar typhi (ty19). we show that the rpos allele of ty19 (rpos(ty19)) led to the synthesis of a σ(s)(ty19) protein carrying a single glycine-to-valine ... | 2010 | 20935100 |
| the lymphoid chemokine, cxcl13, is dispensable for the initial recruitment of b cells to the acutely inflamed central nervous system. | cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy can occur in patients treated with the b cell depleting anti-cd20 antibody, rituximab, highlighting the importance of b cell surveillance of the central nervous system (cns). the lymphoid chemokine, cxcl13, is critical for b cell recruitment and functional organization of peripheral lymphoid tissues, and cxcl13 levels are often elevated in the inflamed cns. to more directly investigate the role of cxcl13 in cns b cell migration, its role in ani ... | 2010 | 20933590 |
| the lymphoid chemokine, cxcl13, is dispensable for the initial recruitment of b cells to the acutely inflamed central nervous system. | cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy can occur in patients treated with the b cell depleting anti-cd20 antibody, rituximab, highlighting the importance of b cell surveillance of the central nervous system (cns). the lymphoid chemokine, cxcl13, is critical for b cell recruitment and functional organization of peripheral lymphoid tissues, and cxcl13 levels are often elevated in the inflamed cns. to more directly investigate the role of cxcl13 in cns b cell migration, its role in ani ... | 2010 | 20933590 |
| a pertussis outbreak among daycare children in northern israel: who gets sick? | an outbreak of pertussis occurred in a daycare center with 87.5% vaccination coverage. | 2010 | 20929081 |
| development and characterization of protective haemophilus parasuis subunit vaccines based on native proteins with affinity to porcine transferrin and comparison with other subunit and commercial vaccines. | haemophilus parasuis is the agent responsible for causing glässer's disease, which is characterized by fibrinous polyserositis, polyarthritis, and meningitis in pigs. in this study, we have characterized native outer membrane proteins with affinity to porcine transferrin (npapt) from h. parasuis serovar 5, nagasaki strain. this pool of proteins was used as antigen to developed two vaccine formulations: one was adjuvanted with a mineral oil (montanide ims 2215 vg pr), while the other was potentia ... | 2010 | 20926701 |
| development and characterization of protective haemophilus parasuis subunit vaccines based on native proteins with affinity to porcine transferrin and comparison with other subunit and commercial vaccines. | haemophilus parasuis is the agent responsible for causing glässer's disease, which is characterized by fibrinous polyserositis, polyarthritis, and meningitis in pigs. in this study, we have characterized native outer membrane proteins with affinity to porcine transferrin (npapt) from h. parasuis serovar 5, nagasaki strain. this pool of proteins was used as antigen to developed two vaccine formulations: one was adjuvanted with a mineral oil (montanide ims 2215 vg pr), while the other was potentia ... | 2010 | 20926701 |
| seroprevalence of pertussis among danish patients with cough of unknown etiology. | the common perception that pertussis is only a childhood disease is not correct. vaccination or infection with bordetella pertussis provides only short-lived protection against pertussis-and the majority of the population is consequently at risk of contracting pertussis. we evaluated the seroprevalence of pertussis antibodies (igg against pertussis toxin) in serum samples from 265 danish patients, aged 8 years and older, with coughs of unknown etiology. depending on the cutoff chosen, we found t ... | 2010 | 20926698 |
| investigations on the microbial catabolism of the organic sulfur compounds tdp and dtdp in ralstonia eutropha h16 employing dna microarrays. | in this study, we have investigated the transcriptome of ralstonia eutropha h16 during cultivation with gluconate in presence of 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid (tdp) or 3,3'-dithiodipropionic acid (dtdp) during biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-mercaptopropionate). genome-wide transcriptome analyses revealed several genes which were upregulated during cultivation in presence of the above-mentioned compounds. obtained data strongly suggest that two abc-type transport system and three probabl ... | 2010 | 20924576 |
| a biosynthetic strategy for re-engineering the staphylococcus aureus cell wall with non-native small molecules. | staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) is a gram-positive bacterial pathogen that has emerged as a major public health threat. here we report that the cell wall of s. aureus can be covalently re-engineered to contain non-native small molecules. this process makes use of endogenous levels of the bacterial enzyme sortase a (srta), which ordinarily functions to incorporate proteins into the bacterial cell wall. thus, incubation of wild-type bacteria with rationally designed srta substrates results in co ... | 2010 | 20923200 |
| cd46 engagement on human cd4+ t cells produces t regulatory type 1-like regulation of antimycobacterial t cell responses. | understanding the regulation of human immune responses is critical for vaccine development and treating infectious diseases. we have previously shown that simultaneous engagement of the t cell receptor (tcr) and complement regulator cd46 on human cd4(+) t cells in the presence of interleukin-2 (il-2) induces potent secretion of the immunomodulatory cytokine il-10. these t cells mediate il-10-dependent suppression of bystander cd4(+) t cells activated in vitro with anti-cd3 and anti-cd28 costimul ... | 2010 | 20921150 |
| mzra-envz interactions in the periplasm influence the envz/ompr two-component regulon. | mzra was identified as a modulator of the envz/ompr two-component signal transduction system. previous evidence indicated that mzra interacts with envz and modulates its enzymatic activities to influence ompr phosphate (ompr∼p) levels. moreover, mzra was shown to connect the bacterial envelope stress response systems cpxa/cpxr and σ(e) to envz/ompr to widen the defensive response regulatory network. in this study, experiments were carried out to establish whether the membrane or periplasmic doma ... | 2010 | 20889743 |
| anti-inflammatory effects of the neurotransmitter agonist honokiol in a mouse model of allergic asthma. | chronic airway inflammation is a hallmark of asthma, an immune-based disease with great societal impact. honokiol (hnk), a phenolic neurotransmitter receptor (γ-aminobutyric acid type a) agonist purified from magnolia, has anti-inflammatory properties, including stabilization of inflammation in experimentally induced arthritis. the present study tested the prediction that hnk could inhibit the chronic inflammatory component of allergic asthma. c57bl/6 mice sensitized to and challenged with ova h ... | 2010 | 20889543 |
| human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv 3) community-acquired pneumonia (cap) mimicking pertussis in an adult: the diagnostic importance of hoarseness and monocytosis. | background: there are relatively few causes of acute community-acquired pneumonias (caps) in adults associated with prolonged cough. in adults the most common acute caps with a prominent and persistent nonproductive cough are due to mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydophilia (chlamydia) pneumoniae, or bordetella pertussis (pertussis). pertussis is an underrecognized and underappreciated cause of cap in adults. different from classic pertussis in children, pertussis in adults presents with prolonged d ... | 2010 | 20888644 |
| [construction of the genetically attenuated bacteria bordetella pertussis devoid of dermonecrotic toxin activity and producing modified nontoxic pertussis toxin form]. | the recombinant modified (attenuated) bacteria a. pertussis were constructed. these bacteria contained knockout mutation of the dnt gene and produced nontoxic pertussis toxin derivative. the immunological properties of the mutant bacteria b. pertussis strain ks were studied. the recombinant bacteria b. pertussis strain ks were found to be devoid of dermonecrotic toxin activity, conserved the structure of the mutant dnt gene in condition of cultivation on selective growth media, and long-term sur ... | 2010 | 20886687 |
| trypanosomiasis-induced th17-like immune responses in carp. | in mammalian vertebrates, the cytokine interleukin (il)-12 consists of a heterodimer between p35 and p40 subunits whereas interleukin-23 is formed by a heterodimer between p19 and p40 subunits. during an immune response, the balance between il-12 and il-23 can depend on the nature of the pathogen associated molecular pattern (pamp) recognized by, for example tlr2, leading to a preferential production of il-23. il-23 production promotes a th17-mediated immune response characterized by the product ... | 2010 | 20885956 |
| novel toxin assays implicate mycoplasma pneumoniae in prolonged ventilator course and hypoxemia. | community-acquired respiratory distress syndrome (cards) toxin is a unique mycoplasma pneumoniae virulence factor. molecular assays targeting this toxin are more sensitive than existing diagnostics, but these assays have not been used to investigate the role of m pneumoniae as a nosocomial infection in critical illness. we sought to determine the incidence of m pneumoniae among mechanically ventilated subjects using these novel assays and to investigate the impact of this pathogen on pulmonary o ... | 2010 | 20884727 |
| novel toxin assays implicate mycoplasma pneumoniae in prolonged ventilator course and hypoxemia. | community-acquired respiratory distress syndrome (cards) toxin is a unique mycoplasma pneumoniae virulence factor. molecular assays targeting this toxin are more sensitive than existing diagnostics, but these assays have not been used to investigate the role of m pneumoniae as a nosocomial infection in critical illness. we sought to determine the incidence of m pneumoniae among mechanically ventilated subjects using these novel assays and to investigate the impact of this pathogen on pulmonary o ... | 2010 | 20884727 |
| educating cd4 t cells with vaccine adjuvants: lessons from lipopolysaccharide. | toll-like receptor (tlr) adjuvants are capable of driving t cell immunity. the tlr4 agonist lps activates antigen-presenting cells through myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (myd88) and tir domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-beta (trif)-dependent signaling pathways, initiating cd4 t helper cell clonal expansion and differentiation. lipopolysaccharide (lps) supports the development of diverse t helper (th) lineages depending on the tissue microenvironment. for instance, p ... | 2010 | 20880743 |
| fusion expression and immunogenicity of bordetella pertussis pts1-fha protein: implications for the vaccine development. | mutants of pertussis toxin (pt) s1 subunit and filamentous hemagglutinin (fha) type i immunodominant domain from bordetella pertussis (b. pertussis) are considered to be effective candidate antigens for acellular pertussis vaccines; however, the substantial progress is hampered in part for the lack of a suitable in vitro expression system. in this paper, the gene sequences of a s1 mutant c180-r9k/e129g (ms1) and a truncated peptide named fs from fha type i immunodominant domain were linked toget ... | 2010 | 20878241 |
| a multi-pronged search for a common structural motif in the secretion signal of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium type iii effector proteins. | many pathogenic gram-negative bacteria use a type iii secretion system (t3ss) to deliver effector proteins into the host cell where they reprogram host defenses and facilitate pathogenesis. the first 20-30 n-terminal residues usually contain the 'secretion signal' that targets effector proteins for translocation, however, a consensus sequence motif has never been discerned. recent machine-learning approaches, such as support vector machine (svm)-based identification and evaluation of virulence e ... | 2010 | 20877914 |
| [comparison of routine serological investigations performed in three different laboratories in poland for the diagnosis of pertussis]. | we compared the 2.653 results of routine serological investigations performed in three different laboratories in poland for the diagnosis of pertussis. one of the laboratories used the novalisa bordetella pertussis kit produced by novatec gmbh and the two others used bordetella pertussis elisa kit produced by genzyme virotech gmbh. in first laboratory the diagnostic level of iga antibodies to the pertussis toxin was observed in 11.0%, igg in 52.7% and igm in 27.4% serum samples. in the second an ... | 2010 | 20873483 |
| pertussis in florida, 2000-2006: trends in a historically low-incidence state. | florida, the fourth most populous state in the nation, has had historically low incidence rates of pertussis, the only vaccine-preventable disease with increasing numbers of reported cases. we compared the epidemiology and incidence rates of pertussis in florida with other states and the united states. | 2010 | 20873289 |
| escherichia coli subtilase cytotoxin. | subtilase cytotoxin (subab) is the prototype of a new ab(5) toxin family produced by a subset of shiga toxigenic escherichia coli (stec) strains. its a subunit is a subtilase-like serine protease and cytotoxicity for eukaryotic cells is due to a highly specific, single-site cleavage of bip/grp78, an essential hsp70 family chaperone located in the endoplasmic reticulum (er). this cleavage triggers a severe and unresolved er stress response, ultimately triggering apoptosis. the b subunit has speci ... | 2010 | 20871837 |
| identification of ysrt and evidence that ysrrst constitute a unique phosphorelay system in yersinia enterocolitica. | two-component systems (tcs) and phosphorelay systems are mechanisms used by bacteria and fungi to quickly adapt to environmental changes to produce proteins necessary for survival in new environments. bacterial pathogens use tcs and phosphorelay systems to regulate genes necessary to establish infection within their hosts, including type iii secretion systems (t3ss). the yersinia enterocolitica ysa t3ss is activated in response to nacl by ysrs and ysrr, a putative hybrid sensor kinase and a resp ... | 2010 | 20870771 |
| monitoring of bordetella isolates circulating in saint petersburg, russia between 2001 and 2009. | bordetella isolates in the saint petersburg region have been monitored since 1998. over the past ten years, concomitant with the increase in pertussis whole-cell vaccine coverage, the incidence of whooping cough has decreased. however, this decrease exists only for bordetella pertussis infections, as the incidence of bordetella parapertussis confirmed cases has remained stable, suggesting that pertussis-vaccine-induced immunity is not protective against parapertussis, as expected. b. pertussis a ... | 2010 | 20870020 |
| amyloid structure and assembly: insights from scanning transmission electron microscopy. | amyloid fibrils are filamentous protein aggregates implicated in several common diseases such as alzheimer's disease and type ii diabetes. similar structures are also the molecular principle of the infectious spongiform encephalopathies such as creutzfeldt-jakob disease in humans, scrapie in sheep, and of the so-called yeast prions, inherited non-chromosomal elements found in yeast and fungi. scanning transmission electron microscopy (stem) is often used to delineate the assembly mechanism and s ... | 2010 | 20868754 |
| amyloid structure and assembly: insights from scanning transmission electron microscopy. | amyloid fibrils are filamentous protein aggregates implicated in several common diseases such as alzheimer's disease and type ii diabetes. similar structures are also the molecular principle of the infectious spongiform encephalopathies such as creutzfeldt-jakob disease in humans, scrapie in sheep, and of the so-called yeast prions, inherited non-chromosomal elements found in yeast and fungi. scanning transmission electron microscopy (stem) is often used to delineate the assembly mechanism and s ... | 2010 | 20868754 |
| solid sequencing of four vibrio vulnificus genomes enables comparative genomic analysis and identification of candidate clade-specific virulence genes. | vibrio vulnificus is the leading cause of reported death from consumption of seafood in the united states. despite several decades of research on molecular pathogenesis, much remains to be learned about the mechanisms of virulence of this opportunistic bacterial pathogen. the two complete and annotated genomic dna sequences of v. vulnificus belong to strains of clade 2, which is the predominant clade among clinical strains. clade 2 strains generally possess higher virulence potential in animal m ... | 2010 | 20863407 |
| a new paradigm for aptamer therapeutic as1411 action: uptake by macropinocytosis and its stimulation by a nucleolin-dependent mechanism. | as1411 is a first-in-class anticancer agent, currently in phase ii clinical trials. it is a quadruplex-forming oligodeoxynucleotide that binds to nucleolin as an aptamer, but its mechanism of action is not completely understood. mechanistic insights could lead to clinically useful markers for as1411 response and to novel targeted therapies. previously, we proposed a model where cell surface nucleolin serves as the receptor for as1411, leading to selective uptake in cancer cells. here, we compare ... | 2010 | 20861190 |
| periplasmic domain of the sensor-kinase bvgs reveals a new paradigm for the venus flytrap mechanism. | two-component sensory transduction systems control important bacterial programs. in bordetella pertussis, expression of the virulence regulon is controlled by the unorthodox bvgas two-component system. bvgs is the prototype of a family of sensor-kinases that harbor periplasmic domains homologous to bacterial solute-binding proteins. although bvgas is active under laboratory conditions, no activating signal has been identified, only negative modulators. here we show that the second periplasmic do ... | 2010 | 20855615 |
| clinical disease caused by klebsiella in 2 unrelated patients with interleukin 12 receptor beta1 deficiency. | patients with interleukin 12 (il-12)p40 or il-12 receptor β1 (il12rβ1) deficiencies are prone to develop infections caused by mycobacteria and salmonella; other infections have only been rarely observed. in this report we describe 2 unrelated patients with complete autosomal recessive il12rβ1 deficiency who suffered from sepsis attributable to klebsiella pneumoniae. a mexican boy suffered from disseminated bacille calmette-guérin disease and infections caused by k pneumoniae and candida albicans ... | 2010 | 20855390 |
| swabbing for respiratory viral infections in older patients: a comparison of rayon and nylon flocked swabs. | the purpose of this study was to compare the sampling efficacy of rayon swabs and nylon flocked swabs, and of oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal specimens for the detection of respiratory viruses in elderly patients. samples were obtained from patients 60 years of age or above who were newly admitted to sorlandet hospital arendal, norway. the patients were interviewed for current symptoms of a respiratory tract infection. using rayon swabs and nylon flocked swabs, comparable sets of mucosal sample ... | 2010 | 20853014 |
| swabbing for respiratory viral infections in older patients: a comparison of rayon and nylon flocked swabs. | the purpose of this study was to compare the sampling efficacy of rayon swabs and nylon flocked swabs, and of oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal specimens for the detection of respiratory viruses in elderly patients. samples were obtained from patients 60 years of age or above who were newly admitted to sorlandet hospital arendal, norway. the patients were interviewed for current symptoms of a respiratory tract infection. using rayon swabs and nylon flocked swabs, comparable sets of mucosal sample ... | 2010 | 20853014 |
| predicting plasmid promiscuity based on genomic signature. | despite the important contribution of self-transmissible plasmids to bacterial evolution, little is understood about the range of hosts in which these plasmids have evolved. our goal was to infer this so-called evolutionary host range. the nucleotide composition, or genomic signature, of plasmids is often similar to that of the chromosome of their current host, suggesting that plasmids acquire their hosts' signature over time. therefore, we examined whether the evolutionary host range of plasmid ... | 2010 | 20851899 |
| experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis as a testing paradigm for adjuvants and vaccines. | experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) is an experimental model for multiple sclerosis. eae can be induced by inoculation with central nervous system (cns) proteins or peptides emulsified in complete freund's adjuvant. protection from eae, enhancement of eae or subclinical priming for eae can occur as a result of either live viral infection or dna immunization with molecular mimics of cns proteins or peptides. here we review the published data describing modulation of eae through admini ... | 2010 | 20850537 |
| experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis as a testing paradigm for adjuvants and vaccines. | experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) is an experimental model for multiple sclerosis. eae can be induced by inoculation with central nervous system (cns) proteins or peptides emulsified in complete freund's adjuvant. protection from eae, enhancement of eae or subclinical priming for eae can occur as a result of either live viral infection or dna immunization with molecular mimics of cns proteins or peptides. here we review the published data describing modulation of eae through admini ... | 2010 | 20850537 |
| entamoeba histolytica cysteine proteinase 5 binds integrin on colonic cells and stimulates nfkappab-mediated pro-inflammatory responses. | integrins are important mammalian receptors involved in normal cellular functions and the pathogenesis of inflammation and disease. entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite that colonizes the gut, and in 10% of infected individuals, causes amebic colitis and liver abscess resulting in 10(5) deaths/year. e. histolytica-induced host inflammatory responses are critical in the pathogenesis of the disease, yet the host and parasite factors involved in disease are poorly defined. here we show tha ... | 2010 | 20837477 |
| insight into evolution of bordetella pertussis from comparative genomic analysis: evidence of vaccine-driven selection. | despite high vaccine coverage, pertussis incidence has increased substantially in recent years in many countries. a significant factor that may be contributing to this increase is adaptation to the vaccine by bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of pertussis. in this study, we first assessed the genetic diversity of b. pertussis by microarray-based comparative genome sequencing of 10 isolates representing diverse genotypes and different years of isolation. we discovered 171 single nucleotid ... | 2011 | 20833694 |
| aminoglycoside modifying enzymes. | aminoglycosides have been an essential component of the armamentarium in the treatment of life-threatening infections. unfortunately, their efficacy has been reduced by the surge and dissemination of resistance. in some cases the levels of resistance reached the point that rendered them virtually useless. among many known mechanisms of resistance to aminoglycosides, enzymatic modification is the most prevalent in the clinical setting. aminoglycoside modifying enzymes catalyze the modification at ... | 2010 | 20833577 |
| biosynthetic enzymes of unusual microbial sugars. | the biological importance of proteins and nucleic acids in the natural world is undeniable, and research efforts on these macromolecules have often overshadowed those directed at carbohydrates. it is now known, however, that carbohydrates not only play roles in energy storage and plant cell wall structure, but are also intimately involved in such processes as fertilization, the immune response, and cell adhesion. indeed, recent years have seen an explosion in research efforts directed at uncover ... | 2010 | 20832292 |
| suppression subtractive hybridization identifies an autotransporter adhesin gene of e. coli imt5155 specifically associated with avian pathogenic escherichia coli (apec). | extraintestinal pathogenic e. coli (expec) represent a phylogenetically diverse group of bacteria which are implicated in a large range of infections in humans and animals. although subgroups of different expec pathotypes, including uropathogenic, newborn meningitis causing, and avian pathogenic e. coli (apec) share a number of virulence features, there still might be factors specifically contributing to the pathogenesis of a certain subset of strains or a distinct pathotype. thus, we made use o ... | 2010 | 20828376 |
| virulence of an emerging pathogenic lineage of vibrio nigripulchritudo is dependent on two plasmids. | vibrioses are the predominant bacterial infections in marine shrimp farms. vibrio nigripulchritudo is an emerging pathogen of the cultured shrimp litopenaeus stylirostris in new caledonia and other regions in the indo-pacific. the molecular determinants of v. nigripulchritudo pathogenicity are unknown; however, molecular epidemiological studies have revealed that recent pathogenic v. nigripulchritudo isolates from new caledonia all cluster into a monophyletic clade and contain a small plasmid, p ... | 2011 | 20825454 |
| virulence of an emerging pathogenic lineage of vibrio nigripulchritudo is dependent on two plasmids. | vibrioses are the predominant bacterial infections in marine shrimp farms. vibrio nigripulchritudo is an emerging pathogen of the cultured shrimp litopenaeus stylirostris in new caledonia and other regions in the indo-pacific. the molecular determinants of v. nigripulchritudo pathogenicity are unknown; however, molecular epidemiological studies have revealed that recent pathogenic v. nigripulchritudo isolates from new caledonia all cluster into a monophyletic clade and contain a small plasmid, p ... | 2011 | 20825454 |
| fusobacterium nucleatum outer membrane proteins fap2 and radd induce cell death in human lymphocytes. | bacterially induced cell death in human lymphocytes is an important virulence factor for pathogenic bacteria. previously discovered mechanisms of bacterially induced cell death are predominantly based on the transfer of bacterial proteins to the target host cell, such as the toxins secreted through type i, ii, and vi secretion systems or effector proteins injected through type iii, iv, and vb secretion systems. here, we report a mechanism employed by the gram-negative oral pathogen fusobacterium ... | 2010 | 20823215 |
| impact of rapid leukodepletion on the outcome of severe clinical pertussis in young infants. | bordetella pertussis is a common, underrecognized, and vaccine-preventable cause of critical illness with a high mortality in infants worldwide. patients with severe cases present with extreme leukocytosis and develop refractory hypoxemia and pulmonary hypertension that is unresponsive to maximal intensive care. this may reflect a hyperviscosity syndrome from the raised white blood cell (wbc) count. case reports suggest improved outcomes with exchange transfusion to reduce the wbc count. our obj ... | 2010 | 20819895 |
| fragile privileges: autoimmunity in brain and eye. | brain and eye tissues are subject to a reduced version of immune surveillance, which has evolved to protect the particularly sensitive tissues from accidental bystander damage created by regular inflammatory responses. yet, there are autoimmune diseases in both organs. this review discusses the nature of immune reactivity in the healthy eye and brain tissues, and mechanisms that can overcome the protective barriers to create tissue specific disease. | 2010 | 20818330 |