Publications

engineering pseudomonas fluorescens for biodegradation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene.	using the genes encoding the 2,4-dinitrotoluene degradation pathway enzymes, the nonpathogenic psychrotolerant rhizobacterium pseudomonas fluorescens atcc 17400 was genetically modified for degradation of this priority pollutant. first, a recombinant strain designated mp was constructed by conjugative transfer from burkholderia sp. strain dnt of the pjs1 megaplasmid, which contains the dnt genes for 2,4-dinitrotoluene degradation. this strain was able to grow on 2,4-dinitrotoluene as the sole so ...	2005	16332883
microarray-based detection and typing of the rhizobium nodulation gene nodc: potential of dna arrays to diagnose biological functions of interest.	environmental screening of bacteria for the presence of genes of interest is a challenging problem, due to the high variability of the nucleotide sequence of a given gene between species. here, we tackle this general issue using a particularly well-suited model system that consists of the nodulation gene nodc, which is shared by phylogenetically distant rhizobia. 41mer and 50mer oligonucleotides featuring the nucleotide diversity of two highly conserved regions of the nodc protein were spotted o ...	2005	16332784
responses of azorhizobium caulinodans to cadmium stress.	the symbiosis of azorhizobium caulinodans and an annul legume sesbania rostrata was recently found to be tolerant to cadmium pollution by an unknown mechanism. in this study, a. caulinodans ors571 and zy-20 showed much stronger tolerance to cadmium than a mutant ors571-x15 and a common rhizobium sp., with minimum inhibitory concentration values as high as 4 and 5 mm (versus 1 and 0.1 mm) on yeast extract mannitol agar medium, respectively. although cd uptake by all three strains of a. caulinodan ...	2005	16332342
pcr primers based on different portions of insertion elements can assist genetic relatedness studies, strain fingerprinting and species identification in rhizobia.	using the sequence of an insertion element originally found in rhizobium sullae, the nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbiont of the legume hedysarum coronarium, we devised three primer pairs (inbound, outbound and internal primers) for the following applications: (a) tracing genetic relatedness within rhizobia using a method independent of ribosomal inheritance, based on the presence and conservation of is elements; (b) achieve sensitive and reproducible bacterial fingerprinting; (c) enable a fast an ...	2005	16332341
stable transformation and direct regeneration in coffea canephora p ex. fr. by agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation without hairy-root phenotype.	a system for genetic transformation of coffea canephora by co-cultivation with agrobacterium rhizogenes harbouring a binary vector has been developed. the objective of the present study was the genetic transformation and direct regeneration of transformants through secondary embryos bypassing an intervening hairy root stage. transformants were obtained with a transformation efficiency up to 3% depending on the medium adjuvant used. a. rhizogenes strain a4 harbouring plasmid pcambia 1301 with an ...	2006	16331458
cooperative catabolic pathways within an atrazine-degrading enrichment culture isolated from soil.	atrazine degradation previously has been shown to be carried out by individual bacterial species or by relatively simple consortia that have been isolated using enrichment cultures. here, the degradative pathway for atrazine was examined for a complex 8-membered enrichment culture. the species composition of the culture was determined by pcr-dgge. the bacterial species included agrobacterium tumefaciens, caulobacter crescentus, pseudomonas putida, sphingomonas yaniokuyae, nocardia sp., rhizobium ...	2005	16329946
genes for utilization of deoxyfructosyl glutamine (dfg), an amadori compound, are widely dispersed in the family rhizobiaceae.	amadori compounds form spontaneously in decomposing plant material and can be found in the rhizosphere. as such, these compounds could influence microbial populations by serving as sources of carbon, nitrogen and energy to microorganisms expressing suitable catabolic pathways. two distinct sets of genes for utilization of deoxyfructosyl glutamine (dfg), an amadori compound, have been identified in isolates of agrobacterium spp. one, the soc gene set, is encoded by patc58, a 543 kb plasmid in a. ...	2005	16329942
effects of the humic substances of de-inking paper sludge on the antagonism between two compost bacteria and pythium ultimum.	we investigated the in vitro influence of humic substances (hs) extracted from de-inking paper sludge compost on the inhibition of pythium ultimum by two compost bacteria, rhizobium radiobacter (agrobacterium radiobacter) and pseudomonas aeruginosa. when low concentrations (5 or 50 mg l(-1)) of hs were added to the culture medium, fungal inhibition by r. radiobacter significantly increased (p<0.01) by 2-3%. in contrast, these low levels of hs had no effect on p. ultimum inhibition by p. aerugino ...	2004	16329908
rhizoplane colonisation of peas by rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae and a deleterious pseudomonas putida.	pseudomonas putida strain a313, a deleterious rhizosphere bacterium, reduced pea nitrogen content when inoculated alone or in combination with rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae on plants in the presence of soil under greenhouse conditions. when plants were grown gnotobiotically in liquid media, mixed inocula of a313 and rhizobia gave a higher proportion of small evenly distributed nodules when compared with a single rhizobial inoculation. in addition, the rhizobial root establishment was reduce ...	2004	16329894
n-hexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone, a mediator of bacterial quorum-sensing regulation, exhibits plant-dependent stability and may be inactivated by germinating lotus corniculatus seedlings.	the half-life of n-hexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (c6-hsl) was determined under various ph and temperature conditions, and in several plant environments. c6-hsl was sensitive to alkaline ph, a process that was also temperature-dependent. in addition, c6-hsl disappeared from plant environments, i.e. axenic monocot and dicot plants cultivated under gnotobiotic, hydroponic conditions, albeit with variable kinetics. the disappearance was rapid at the root system of legume plants such as clover or lot ...	2004	16329888
quantitative analysis of bacterial communities from mediterranean sapropels based on cultivation-dependent methods.	microbial communities of ancient mediterranean sapropels, buried sediment layers of high organic matter, were analyzed by most probable number (mpn) approaches. mineral media containing different carbon sources in sub-millimolar concentrations were used. mpn numbers were elevated in sapropels and at the sediment surface, which mirrored total cell count distributions. highest mpn counts were obtained with a mixture of different monomeric and polymeric substrates, with amino acids or with long-cha ...	2004	16329860
long-term effects of crop management on rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae populations.	little is known about factors that affect the indigenous populations of rhizobia in soils. we compared the abundance, diversity and genetic structure of rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae populations in soils under different crop managements, i.e., wheat and maize monocultures, crop rotation, and permanent grassland. rhizobial populations were sampled from nodules of pea- or vetch plants grown in soils collected at three geographically distant sites in france, each site comprising a plot unde ...	2004	16329858
the use of green fluorescent protein (gfp) improves agrobacterium-mediated transformation of 'spadona' pear (pyrus communis l.).	an efficient and reproducible system for agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the pear (pyrus communis l.) cultivar spadona was developed. leaf explants of in vitro propagated plants were cocultivated with the disarmed agrobacterium strain eha105 harboring the plasmid pme504, carrying the uida-intron and nptii genes. under selective conditions, 5% of the plantlets regenerated and were positively stained for gus. however, most of the gus-positive plants re-callused and subsequently died, leav ...	2006	16328389
expression of cholera toxin b subunit and the b chain of human insulin as a fusion protein in transgenic tobacco plants.	a dna construct containing the cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) gene genetically fused to a nucleotide sequence encoding three copies of tandemly repeated diabetes-associated autoantigen, the b chain of human insulin, was produced and transferred into low-nicotine tobaccos by agrobacterium. integration of the fusion gene into the plant genome was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the results of immunoblot analysis verified the synthesis and assembly of the fusion protein into pentamers ...	2006	16322994
high-efficiency transformation of the diploid strawberry (fragaria vesca) for functional genomics.	fragaria vesca l., a diploid (2n = 2x = 14) relative of the commercial octoploid strawberry, is an attractive model for functional genomics research in rosaceae. its small genome size, short reproductive cycle, and facile vegetative and seed propagation make f. vesca a promising candidate for forward and reverse genetics experiments. however, the lack of a high-efficiency transformation protocol required for systematic production of thousands of t-dna insertional mutant lines and high-throughput ...	2006	16320068
the 2-aminogluconate isomer of rhizobium sin-1 lipid a can antagonize tnf-alpha production induced by enteric lps.	the naturally occurring lipopolysaccharide (lps) from rhizobium sin-1, a nitrogen-fixing bacterial species, can prevent the induction of the tumor necrosis factor tnf-alpha induced by enteric lps. the proximal saccharide moiety of r. sin-1 lipid a can exist in two forms, namely as a 2-aminogluconolactone or 2-aminogluconate. as it is unknown which of these forms is responsible for the antagonistic properties of r. sin-1 lipid a, compound 4 was prepared, and its inflammatory properties were studi ...	2006	16317789
arabidopsis group ie formins localize to specific cell membrane domains, interact with actin-binding proteins and cause defects in cell expansion upon aberrant expression.	the closely related proteins atfh4 and atfh8 represent the group ie clade of arabidopsis formin homologues. the subcellular localization of these proteins and their ability to affect the actin cytoskeleton were examined. atfh4 protein activity was identified using fluorimetric techniques. interactions between arabidopsis profilin isoforms and atfh4 were assayed in vitro and in vivo using pull-down assays and yeast-2-hybrid. the subcellular localization of group ie formins was observed with indir ...	2005	16313636
biosynthesis of poly-gamma-glutamic acid in plants: transient expression of poly-gamma-glutamate synthetase complex in tobacco leaves.	transient expression of genes coding for the poly-gamma-glutamate (gammapga) synthetase system (pgs) was investigated in tobacco plants. three genes of the pgs, pgsa, pgsb and pgsc, were separately placed under the control of the camv 35s promoter and introduced into tobacco leaves via agrobacterium infection. synthesized gammapga in plant tissues was detected immunologically with mouse anti-gammapga antiserum which specifically reacts with gammapga on a nitrocellulose membrane. confirmation of ...	2005	16310735
development of simple and efficient in planta transformation method for rice (oryza sativa l.) using agrobacterium tumefaciens.	seeds of rice (oryza sativa l. var. koshihikari) were soaked in water for 2 d. thereafter, the embryo containing an apical meristem was inoculated with agrobacterium tumefaciens by piercing a site of the husk overlying the embryonic apical meristem with a needle that had been dipped in an a. tumefaciens inoculum. the inoculated seeds were then grown to maturation (t0 plants) and allowed to pollinate naturally to set seeds (t1 plants) in pots under nonsterile conditions. to examine the transforma ...	2005	16310727
peritonitis with multiple rare environmental bacteria in a patient receiving long-term peritoneal dialysis.	we describe a patient receiving long-term peritoneal dialysis who experienced 2 episodes of peritonitis in successive months caused by unusual bacteria of environmental origin: agrobacterium radiobacter, pseudomonas oryzihabitans, and corynebacterium aquaticum. a radiobacter and p oryzihabitans occurred simultaneously in the first episode of peritonitis, and c aquaticum, in the second episode. the patient's vocation necessitated exposure to moist soiled conditions. both episodes responded prompt ...	2005	16310563
screening a wide host-range, waste-water metagenomic library in tryptophan auxotrophs of rhizobium leguminosarum and of escherichia coli reveals different classes of cloned trp genes.	a metagenomic cosmid library was constructed, in which the insert dna was derived from bacteria in a waste-water treatment plant and the vector was the wide host-range cosmid plafr3. the library was screened for clones that could correct defined tryptophan auxotrophs of the alpha-proteobacterium rhizobium leguminosarum and of escherichia coli. a total of 26 different cosmids that corrected at least one trp mutant in one or both of these species were obtained. several cosmids corrected the auxotr ...	2005	16309391
a wide host-range metagenomic library from a waste water treatment plant yields a novel alcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenase.	using dna obtained from the metagenome of an anaerobic digestor in a waste water treatment plant, we constructed a gene library cloned in the wide host-range cosmid plafr3. one cosmid enabled rhizobium leguminosarum to grow on ethanol as sole carbon and energy source, this being due to the presence of a gene, termed adhemeta. the adhemeta protein most closely resembles the adhe alcohol dehydrogenase of clostridium acetobutylicum, where it catalyses the formation of ethanol and butanol in a two-s ...	2005	16309390
persistence of two rhizobium etli inoculant strains in clay and silty loam soils.	the persistence of rhizobium etli strains ce3 and ph 163 was studied in two soil types representing major french bean growing areas in egypt. clay soil from menoufia and silty loam soil from ismailia were planted by bean cultivars; bronco and giza 6. the inoculation with strain ph 163 in the first bean cultivation was significantly higher in nodule biomass and number; whereas, the strain ce3 was significantly higher in plant biomass accumulation (moawad et al. 2004). the persisting inocula strai ...	2005	16304706
cold and light control seed germination through the bhlh transcription factor spatula.	plants integrate signals from the environment and use these to modify the timing of development according to seasonal cues. seed germination is a key example of this phenomenon and in arabidopsis is promoted by the synergistic interaction of light and low temperatures in dormant seeds. this signaling pathway is known to converge on the regulation of the gibberellin (ga) biosynthetic genes ga3 oxidase (ga3ox), whose expression is transcriptionally induced by light and cold in imbibed seeds. howev ...	2005	16303558
agrobacterium-mediated delivery of marker genes to phanerochaete chrysosporium mycelial pellets: a model transformation system for white-rot fungi.	the lack of an efficient transformation system in filamentous fungi is one of the major problems in carrying out cloning and expression of genes to produce a value-added product at the commercial level. therefore an attempt has been made to develop an efficient, convenient and expeditious genetic transformation system for successful transfer of transferred dna, carrying the genes coding for gus (beta-glucuronidase) (uida), green fluorescent protein (gfp) and hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) t ...	2006	16302847
diverse suppressors of rna silencing enhance agroinfection by a viral replicon.	launching the beet yellows virus (byv) minireplicon by agrobacterial delivery resulted in an unexpectedly low number of infected cells per inoculated leaf. this effect was due to a strong rna silencing response in the agroinfiltrated leaves. strikingly, ectopic co-expression of p21, a byv rna silencing suppressor, increased minireplicon infectivity by three orders of magnitude. mutational analysis demonstrated that this effect correlates with suppressor activity of p21. five diverse, heterologou ...	2006	16300814
agrobacterium is not alone: gene transfer to plants by viruses and other bacteria.	agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation is the most widely used technology for obtaining the overexpression of recombinant proteins in plants. however, complex patent issues related to the use of agrobacterium as a tool for plant genetic engineering and the general requirement of establishing transgenic plants can create obstacles in using this technology for speedy research and development and for agricultural improvements in many plant species. recent studies addressing these issues have ...	2006	16297655
parameters affecting the efficiency of agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of colletotrichum graminicola.	we have developed an agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt) protocol for the plant pathogenic fungus colletotrichum graminicola, the cause of anthracnose leaf blight and stalk rot of corn. the atmt results in higher transformation efficiencies than previously available polyethylene glycol-mediated protocols, and falcate spores can be used instead of protoplasts for transformation. various experimental parameters were tested for their effects on transformation efficiencies. the ...	2005	16292539
a case of promiscuity: agrobacterium's endless hunt for new partners.	agrobacterium tumefaciens is a phytopathogenic bacterium that induces the 'crown gall' disease in plants by transfer and integration of a segment of its tumor-inducing (ti) plasmid dna into the genome of numerous plant species that represent most of the higher plant families. recently, it has been shown that, under laboratory conditions, the host range of agrobacterium can be extended to non-plant eukaryotic organisms. these include yeast, filamentous fungi, cultivated mushrooms and human cultur ...	2006	16289425
induction of fungal disease resistance in vicia faba by dual inoculation with rhizobium leguminosarum and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.	infection of vicia faba with bothytis fabae causes significant decreases in growth vigour, total nitrogen content, number of nodules and nutrient accumulation. na-uptake and phenolics concentration increased compared to that of noninfected plants. in contrast, dual inoculation of rhizobium and va mycorrhizae increased all above parameters suggesting a distinct improvement of the plants. the results also revealed that an inverse correlation may exist between phenolic, calcium, magnesium and zinc ...	1998	16284861
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi elicit a novel intracellular apparatus in medicago truncatula root epidermal cells before infection.	the penetration of arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi through the outermost root tissues of the host plant is a critical step in root colonization, ultimately leading to the establishment of this ecologically important endosymbiotic association. to evaluate the role played by the host plant during am infection, we have studied in vivo cellular dynamics within medicago truncatula root epidermal cells using green fluorescent protein labeling of both the plant cytoskeleton and the endoplasmic reticu ...	2005	16284314
rhizobium daejeonense sp. nov. isolated from a cyanide treatment bioreactor.	a polyphasic study was carried out to determine the taxonomic position of two aerobic, cyanide-degrading bacterial strains, designated l61t and l22, which had been isolated from a bioreactor for the treatment of nickel-complexed cyanide. the two isolates exhibited almost identical taxonomic characteristics. phylogenetic analysis inferred from comparative 16s rrna gene sequences indicated that the isolates fall in a sublineage of the genus rhizobium comprising the type strains of rhizobium giardi ...	2005	16280524
fluorescently tagged iminoalditol glycosidase inhibitors as novel biological probes and diagnostics.	1,5-dideoxy-1,5-imino-d-glucitol, the corresponding d-manno and l-ido epimers as well as the powerful beta-glucosidase inhibitor isofagomine were n-alkylated with di-, tri-, as well as tetraethylene glycol derived straight chain spacer arms by a set of simple standard procedures. the terminal functional groups of the spacer arms, primary amines, were employed to introduce fluorescent dansyl moieties. resulting derivatives showed glycosidase inhibitory activities comparable to those of the parent ...	2006	16274997
in vitro plant regeneration and genetic transformation of dichanthium annulatum.	optimization of in vitro plant regeneration and genetic transformation of apomictic species such as dichanthium annulatum would enable transfer of desirable genes. seven genotypes of this grass species were screened through mature seed explant for embryogenic callus induction, callus growth and quality (color and texture), and shoot induction. genotype ig-1999, which produced highly embryogenic, rapidly growing good-quality callus capable of regenerating at a high frequency, was selected for tra ...	2005	16274291
gamma irradiation of municipal sludge for safe disposal and agricultural use.	gamma radiation was found to be an effective tool for hygienization of municipal wastewater sludge. the sludge received from the primary settling tank of a municipal wastewater treatment plant was gamma irradiated using a cobalt-60 source in a sludge hygienization research irradiator. the process parameters were adjusted to effectively eliminate coliform bacteria in the sludge and to prevent their regrowth. irradiated sludge was found to be free of fecal coliform and could be directly disposed a ...	2005	16274081
activation tagging approach in a model legume, lotus japonicus.	we constructed t-dna insertional lines of a model legume, lotus japonicus, using a multifunctional vector for gene and exon activation tagging. the vector had the camv 35s promoter together with two additional enhancer elements, the start codon, and splice donor and acceptor sites facing the left border, in anticipation of the activation of t-dna flanking genes and forced expression of flanking exons. the improved transformation technique yielded more than 3,500 lines, including 45 dominant muta ...	2005	16273423
functional interactions between type iv secretion systems involved in dna transfer and virulence.	this paper reports an analysis of the functional interactions between type iv secretion systems (t4ss) that are part of the conjugative machinery for horizontal dna transfer (ct4ss), and t4ss involved in bacterial pathogenicity (pt4ss). the authors' previous work showed that a conjugative coupling protein (t4cp) interacts with the virb10-type component of the t4ss in order to recruit the protein-dna complex to the transporter for conjugative dna transfer. this study now shows by two-hybrid analy ...	2005	16272374
molecular characterization of the agrobacterium tumefaciens dna transfer protein virb6.	the virb proteins of agrobacterium tumefaciens assemble a t-pilus and a type iv secretion (t4s) apparatus for the transfer of dna and proteins to plant cells. virb6 is essential for dna transfer and is a polytopic integral membrane protein with at least four membrane-spanning domains. virb6 is postulated to function in t-pilus biogenesis and to be a component of the t4s apparatus. to identify amino acids required for virb6 function, random mutations were introduced into virb6, and mutants that f ...	2005	16272372
hairy root-activation tagging: a high-throughput system for activation tagging in transformed hairy roots.	activation tagging is a powerful technique for generating gain-of-function mutants in plants. we developed a new vector system for activation tagging of genes in "transformed hairy roots". the binary vector phr-at (hairy root-activation tagging) and its derivative phr-at-gfp contain a cluster of rol (rooting locus) genes together with the right border facing four tandem repeats of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s enhancer element on the same t-dna. transformation experiments using arabido ...	2005	16270231
rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae symbiotic hydrogenase activity and processing are limited by the level of nickel in agricultural soils.	analysis of levels of hydrogenase processing and activity in rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae bacteroids from pea (pisum sativum) plants showed that the oxidation of nitrogenase-evolved hydrogen is limited by the availability of nickel in agricultural soils. this limitation was overcome by using an inoculant strain engineered for higher hydrogenase expression.	2005	16269813
paenibacillus polymyxa invades plant roots and forms biofilms.	paenibacillus polymyxa is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium with a broad host range, but so far the use of this organism as a biocontrol agent has not been very efficient. in previous work we showed that this bacterium protects arabidopsis thaliana against pathogens and abiotic stress (s. timmusk and e. g. h. wagner, mol. plant-microbe interact. 12:951-959, 1999; s. timmusk, p. van west, n. a. r. gow, and e. g. h. wagner, p. 1-28, in mechanism of action of the plant growth promoting bacter ...	2005	16269771
ascending migration of endophytic rhizobia, from roots to leaves, inside rice plants and assessment of benefits to rice growth physiology.	rhizobia, the root-nodule endosymbionts of leguminous plants, also form natural endophytic associations with roots of important cereal plants. despite its widespread occurrence, much remains unknown about colonization of cereals by rhizobia. we examined the infection, dissemination, and colonization of healthy rice plant tissues by four species of gfp-tagged rhizobia and their influence on the growth physiology of rice. the results indicated a dynamic infection process beginning with surface col ...	2005	16269768
novel dna sequences from natural strains of the nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacterium sinorhizobium meliloti.	variation in genome size and content is common among bacterial strains. identifying these naturally occurring differences can accelerate our understanding of bacterial attributes, such as ecological specialization and genome evolution. in this study, we used representational difference analysis to identify potentially novel sequences not present in the sequenced laboratory strain rm1021 of the nitrogen-fixing bacterium sinorhizobium meliloti. using strain rm1021 as the driver and the type strain ...	2005	16269751
evaluation of microbial inoculation and vegetation to enhance the dissipation of atrazine and metolachlor in soil.	four greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of native prairie grasses and two pesticide-degrading bacteria to remediate atrazine and metolachlor in soils from agricultural dealerships (alpha site soil, northwest iowa, usa; bravo site soil, central iowa, usa). the alpha soil contained a low population of atrazine-degrading microorganisms relative to the bravo soil. each soil freshly treated with atrazine or metolachlor was aged for a short or long period of time, respectively. ...	2005	16268144
nitrogen-fixing nodules from rose wood legume trees (dalbergia spp.) endemic to madagascar host seven different genera belonging to alpha- and beta-proteobacteria.	although legume biodiversity is concentrated in tropical regions, the majority of studies on legume nodulating bacteria (lnb) are focused on cultivated leguminous plants from temperate regions. however, recent works on tropical regions tend to indicate that the actual diversity of lnb is largely underestimated. in this study, we report the isolation and characterization of 68 nitrogen-fixing root nodule bacteria collected from eight endemic tree species of dalbergia in madagascar. the isolates w ...	2005	16262864
evolutionary genetics and biogeographic structure of rhizobium gallicum sensu lato, a widely distributed bacterial symbiont of diverse legumes.	we used phylogenetic and population genetics approaches to evaluate the importance of the evolutionary forces on shaping the genetic structure of rhizobium gallicum and related species. we analysed 54 strains from several populations distributed in the northern hemisphere, using nucleotide sequences of three 'core' chromosomal genes (rrs, glnii and atpd) and two 'auxiliary' symbiotic genes (nifh and nodb) to elucidate the biogeographic history of the species and symbiotic ecotypes (biovarieties) ...	2005	16262857
the vire1vire2 complex of agrobacterium tumefaciens interacts with single-stranded dna and forms channels.	the vire2 protein is crucial for the transfer of single-stranded dna (ssdna) from agrobacterium tumefaciens to the nucleus of the plant host cell because of its ssdna binding activity, assistance in nuclear import and putative ssdna channel activity. the native form of vire2 in agrobacterium's cytoplasm is in complex with its specific chaperone, vire1. here, we describe the ability of the vire1vire2 complex to both bind ssdna and form channels. the affinity of the vire1vire2 complex for ssdna is ...	2005	16262795
repb protein of an agrobacterium tumefaciens ti plasmid binds to two adjacent sites between repa and repb for plasmid partitioning and autorepression.	plasmids of agrobacterium tumefaciens replicate using the products of the repabc operon, which are highly conserved among plasmids and some chromosomes of the alpha-proteobacteria. the products of repa and repb direct plasmid partitioning, while the repc gene encodes a replication initiator protein. the transcription of the repabc operon of tumour inducing (ti) plasmids is both negatively autoregulated by the repa and repb proteins, and positively regulated by trar. in the present study, we have ...	2005	16262794
consistent transcriptional silencing of 35s-driven transgenes in gentian.	in this study, no transgenic gentian (gentiana triflora x gentiana scabra) plants produced via agrobacterium-mediated transformation exhibited transgene (gtmads, gentian-derived mads-box genes or sgfp, green fluorescent protein) expression in their leaf tissues, despite the use of constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter. strikingly, no expression of the selectable marker gene (bar) used for bialaphos selection was observed. to investigate the possible cause of this drastic tran ...	2005	16262705
molecular systematics of rhizobia based on maximum likelihood and bayesian phylogenies inferred from rrs, atpd, reca and nifh sequences, and their use in the classification of sesbania microsymbionts from venezuelan wetlands.	a well-resolved rhizobial species phylogeny with 51 haplotypes was inferred from a combined atpd + reca data set using bayesian inference with best-fit, gene-specific substitution models. relatively dense taxon sampling for the genera rhizobium and mesorhizobium was achieved by generating atpd and reca sequences for six type and 24 reference strains not previously available in genbank. this phylogeny was used to classify nine nodule isolates from sesbania exasperata, s. punicea and s. sericea pl ...	2005	16261860
terpenoid indole alkaloid production by catharanthus roseus hairy roots induced by agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring rol abc genes.	we have established catharanthus roseus hairy root cultures transgenic for the rol abc genes from t(l)-dna of the agropine-type agrobacterium rhizogenes strain a4. the rol abc hairy root lines exhibit a wild-type hairy root syndrome in terms of growth and morphology on solid medium. however, they differ from wild-type hairy root lines in that they more frequently have excellent adaptability to liquid medium and do not appear to form calli during cultivation. moreover, they do not produce detecta ...	2006	16261632
high frequency transformation of cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcus gattii by agrobacterium tumefaciens.	cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcus gattii are the caus-ative agents of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis and are amenable to genetic manipulations, making them important models of pathogenic fungi. to improve the efficiency of agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation (atmt) in c. neoformans, we optimized various co-cultivation conditions including incubation time and temperature, and bacteria to yeast ratio. atmt was also applied to both serotypes (b and c) of c. gattii. transforma ...	2005	16260158
enzymatic transglycosylation of xylose using a glycosynthase.	the application of the hyperactive glycosynthase derived from agrobacterium sp. beta-glucosidase (abge358g-2f6) to the synthesis of xylo-oligosaccharides by using alpha-d-xylopyranosyl fluoride as donor represents the first successful use of glycosynthase technology for xylosyl transfer. transfer to p-nitrophenyl beta-d-glucopyranoside yields di- and trisaccharide products with beta-(1-->4) linkages in 63% and 35% yields, respectively. by contrast, transfer to p-nitrophenyl beta-d-xylopyranoside ...	2005	16259970
[hairy root induced by wild-type agrobacterium rhizogenes k599 in soybean, cucumber and garden balsam in vivo].	the plantlets of soybean, cucumber and garden balsam were inoculated by wild-type agrobacterium rhizogenes k599, and hairy root was induced on inoculated sites in vivo. the frequencies of hairy root induction from wound cotyledons of soybean, cucumber and garden balsam were 100%, 65% and 91%, respectively. moreover, hairy root was induced from healthy cucumber axillary bud with frequency of 10%. pcr analysis of hairy root dna was conducted using the primers from rolc gene. the pcr results showed ...	2005	16257909
[agrobacterium-mediated transformation of rice mature embryos and regeneration of transgenic plants with metr gene].	the mature embryos of a japonica rice, guanglingxiangnuo, were used for the study on optimization of agrobacterium-mediated transformation. several factors affecting the transformation were investigated and a suitable transformation system was set up. for this transformation system, the hrm medium, based on the ms medium, was suitable for inducing callus from rice mature embryos. the suitable time span of initial culture in this medium was 7-8 days before co-culturing with agrobacterium and suit ...	2005	16257907
bloodstream infection related to heparin infusion caused by agrobacterium tumefaciens.		2006	16257087
influence of host cultivars and rhizobium species on the growth and symbiotic performance of phaseolus vulgaris under salt stress.	in order to study the effect of salt stress on the rhizobium-common bean symbiosis, we investigated the response of both partners, separately and in symbiosis. the comparison of the behaviour of five cultivars of phaseolus vulgaris differing in seed colour, growing on nitrates and different concentrations of nacl, showed genotypic variation with respect to salt tolerance. coco blanc was the most sensitive cultivar, whereas smv 29-21 was the most tolerant one. at the rhizobium level, two strains ...	2005	16255168
n-butanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (bhl) deficient pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from an intensive care unit.	acylated homoserine lactones (ahls) are self-generated diffusible signal molecules that mediate population density dependent gene expression (quorum sensing) in a variety of gram-negative bacteria, and several virulence genes of human pathogens are known to be controlled by ahls. in this study, strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, acinetobacter baumannii, escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae, isolated from intensive care patients, were screened for ahl production by using ahl responsive indi ...	2005	16255145
high temperature-induced changes in exopolysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides and protein profile of heat-resistant mutants of rhizobium sp. (cajanus).	a thermosensitive wild-type strain (pp201) of rhizobium sp. (cajanus) and its 14 heat-resistant mutants were characterized biochemically with regard to their cell surface (exopolysaccharides (epss) and lipopolysaccharides (lpss)) properties and protein profile. differences were observed between the parent strain and the mutants in all these parameters under high temperature conditions. at normal temperature (30 degrees c), only half of the mutant strains produced higher amounts of epss than the ...	2005	16255141
agrobacterium-mediated transformation of seedling-derived maize callus.	efficient production of seedling-derived type i callus was demonstrated for several corn genotypes including commercial inbred lines. seeds were germinated on ms-based medium containing 10 mg l(-1) picloram and 3 mg l(-1) 6-benzylaminopurine, which induced the development of axillary buds in the area of coleoptilar node. nodal sections of 7-10-day old seedlings were isolated, split longitudinally, and placed on callus induction medium supplemented with 2.2 mg l(-1) picloram and 0.5 mg l(-1) 2,4- ...	2006	16252091
improved cotyledonary node method using an alternative explant derived from mature seed for efficient agrobacterium-mediated soybean transformation.	the utility of transformation for soybean improvement requires an efficient system for production of stable transgenic lines. we describe here an improved cotyledonary node method using an alternative explant for agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated soybean transformation. we use the term "half-seed" to refer to this alternative cotyledonary explant that is derived from mature seed of soybean following an overnight imbibition and to distinguish it from cotyledonary node derived from 5-7-day-old se ...	2006	16249869
green fluorescent protein as an efficient selection marker for agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated carrot transformation.	agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation combined with a visual selection for green fluorescent protein (gfp) has been applied effectively in carrot (daucus carota l.) transformation. carrot root discs were inoculated with a4, a4t, lba1334 and lba9402 strains, all bearing gfp gene in pbin-m-gfp5-er. the results indicate that transformed adventitious roots can be visually selected solely based on gfp fluorescence with a very high accuracy. the method requires no selection agents like anti ...	2006	16247612
[the distribution and viability changes of the agrobacteria in the vacuum infiltrated plants of chinese cabbage].	to understand further the mechanism of agrobacteria transformation by vacuum infiltration, the distribution and viability changes of the agrobacteria in infiltrated chinese cabbage( b. rapa ssp. chinesis) plants were investigated by histochemical staining and bacteria plating techniques. results revealed that there were different quantities of agrobacteria in different organs, among which the most quantity occurred in flowers, especially in ovules. the agrobacteria lied in the space between cell ...	2005	16245885
[analysis of signal peptides of the secreted proteins in agrobacterium tumefaciens c58].	the 4554 orfs of agrobacterium tumefaciens c58 cereon were used for the prediction of signal peptides by the network tools, such as signalp3.0, lipop1.0, tmhmm2.0 and targetp1.01. total 203 signal peptides with conserved amino residues are found, among them, 158 are secretary types, 9 are rr-motif types, 28 are signalpase ii types and 8 are bacteriocin-pheromone types. however, only two signal peptides from the secreted proteins, agr-c-1878p and agr-c-1880p have the same amino sequences, showing ...	2005	16245871
agroinfiltration as a tool for transient expression of cre recombinase in vivo.	agroinfiltration was used to express transiently cre recombinase from bacteriophage p1 in planta. activation of gfp expression after cre-mediated excision of a bar intervening sequence served as a marker to monitor site-specific recombination events in lox-target n. benthamiana plants. gfp expressing regenerants from a. tumefaciens infiltrated leaves were obtained with an efficiency of about 34%. in 20% of the regenerants bar gene excision was due to the expression of stably integrated cre gene, ...	2005	16245170
ectopic expression of an ft homolog from citrus confers an early flowering phenotype on trifoliate orange (poncirus trifoliata l. raf.).	citrus ft (cift) cdna, which promoted the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive phase in arabidopsis thaliana, when constitutively expressed was introduced into trifoliate orange (poncirus trifoliata l. raf.). the transgenic plants in which cift was expressed constitutively showed early flowering, fruiting, and characteristic morphological changes. they started to flower as early as 12 weeks after transfer to a greenhouse, whereas wild-type plants usually have a long juvenile period ...	2005	16245161
analysis of rna silencing in agroinfiltrated leaves of nicotiana benthamiana and nicotiana tabacum.	in this study we analyse several aspects of cytoplasmic rna silencing by agroinfiltration of dna constructs encoding single- and double-stranded rnas derived from a gfp transgene and from the endogenous virp1 gene. both types of inductors resulted after 2-4 days in much higher concentration of sirnas in the agroinfiltrated zone than normally seen during systemic silencing. more specifically, infiltration of two transgene hairpin constructs resulted in elevated levels of sirnas. however, differen ...	2005	16244913
genetic transformation of cowpea (vigna unguiculata l.) and stable transmission of the transgenes to progeny.	cowpeas are nutritious grains that provide the main source of protein, highly digestible energy and vitamins to some of the world's poorest people. the demand for cowpeas is high but yields remain critically low, largely because of insect pests. cowpea germplasm contains little or no resistance to major insect pests and a gene technology approach to adding insect protection traits is now a high priority. we have adapted features of several legume and other transformation systems and reproducibly ...	2006	16244884
early responses to nod factors and mycorrhizal colonization in a non-nodulating phaseolus vulgaris mutant.	legumes can acquire nitrogen through a symbiotic interaction with rhizobial bacteria. the initiation of this process is determined by a molecular dialogue between the two partners. legume roots exude flavonoids that induce the expression of the bacterial nodulation genes, which encode proteins involved in the synthesis and secretion of signals called nod factors (nfs). nfs signal back to the plant root and trigger several responses, leading to bacterial invasion and nodule formation. here, we de ...	2006	16244867
plant-derived transfer dnas.	the transfer of dna from agrobacterium to plant cell nuclei is initiated by a cleavage reaction within the 25-bp right border of ti plasmids. in an effort to develop all-native dna transformation vectors, 50 putative right border alternatives were identified in both plant expressed sequence tags and genomic dna. efficacy tests in a tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) model system demonstrated that 14 of these elements displayed at least 50% of the activity of conventional agrobacterium transfer dna bord ...	2005	16244143
agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of leptosphaeria spp. and oculimacula spp. with the reef coral gene dsred and the jellyfish gene gfp.	four filamentous ascomycetes, leptosphaeria maculans, l. biglobosa, oculimacula yallundae and o. acuformis, were transformed via agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation with the genes encoding dsred and gfp. using vectors pcamdsred and pcambgfp, either germinated conidia of leptosphaeria spp. and o. yallundae or physically fragmented cultures of oculimacula spp. were transformed. in vitro, the expression of the two reporter proteins in mycelium of both oculimacula and both leptosphaeri ...	2005	16243451
effects of heavy metals on plant-associated rhizobacteria: comparison of endophytic and non-endophytic strains of azospirillum brasilense.	the plant-associated nitrogen-fixing rhizobacterium azospirillum brasilense attracts world-wide attention owing to its plant growth-promoting activities. among hundreds of its strains known up to date, wild-type strain sp245 has been proved to be capable of colonising both the plant-root interior and exterior (i.e. a facultative endophyte), whereas others are non-endophytes colonising the root surface only. thus, the different ecological niches occupied by these strains in the rhizosphere sugges ...	2005	16240678
molecular characterization of grapevine plants transformed with gflv resistance genes: i.	the grapevine fanleaf virus-coat protein (gflv cp) gene was inserted through agrobacterium-mediated transformation in vitis vinifera "nebbiolo", "lumassina" and "blaufränkisch". two plasmids were used: pga-cp+ (full-length gflv cp gene with an introduced start codon) and pga-as (same gene in antisense orientation). forty-three transgenic lines were regenerated. as several lines in southern blots share same hybridization patterns, eight independent line groups resulted for "nebbiolo", one for "lu ...	2005	16240119
phosphate limitation induces catalase expression in sinorhizobium meliloti, pseudomonas aeruginosa and agrobacterium tumefaciens.	growth of sinorhizobium meliloti under pi-limiting conditions induced expression of the major h2o2-inducible catalase (hpii) gene (kata) in this organism. this transcription required the phob transcriptional regulator and initiated from a promoter that was distinct from the oxyr-dependent promoter which activates kata transcription in response to addition of h2o2. in n2-fixing root nodules, kata was transcribed from the oxyr- and not the phob-dependent promoter. this is consistent with the accum ...	2005	16238634
identification of the rcta gene, which is required for repression of conjugative transfer of rhizobial symbiotic megaplasmids.	an analysis of the conjugative transfer of pretcfn42d, the symbiotic plasmid (psym) of rhizobium etli, has revealed a novel gene, rcta, as an essential element of a regulatory system for silencing the conjugative transfer of r. etli psym by repressing the transcription of conjugal transfer genes in standard laboratory media. the rcta gene product lacks sequence conservation with other proteins of known function but may belong to the winged-helix dna-binding subfamily of transcriptional regulator ...	2005	16237017
diversification of dna sequences in the symbiotic genome of rhizobium etli.	bacteria of the genus rhizobium and related genera establish nitrogen-fixing symbioses with the roots of leguminous plants. the genetic elements that participate in the symbiotic process are usually compartmentalized in the genome, either as independent replicons (symbiotic plasmids) or as symbiotic regions or islands in the chromosome. the complete nucleotide sequence of the symbiotic plasmid of rhizobium etli model strain cfn42, symbiont of the common bean plant, has been reported. to better u ...	2005	16237002
simple and rapid determination of histamine in food using a new histamine dehydrogenase from rhizobium sp.	a colorimetric enzyme assay for the quantitative analysis of histamine in food has been developed using a new histamine dehydrogenase (hdh) from rhizobium sp. the hdh specifically catalyzes the oxidation of histamine but not other biogenic amines such as putrescine and cadaverine. the principle of our photometric assay is as follows. the hdh catalyzes the oxidative deamination of histamine in the presence of 1-methoxy pms (electron carrier), which converts wst-8 (tetrazolium salt) to a formazan. ...	2005	16236240
cloning and sequencing of the deacetylase gene from vibrio alginolyticus h-8.	a gene encoding deacetylase da1 that is specific for n, n'-diacetylchitobiose was cloned using the shot-gun method with puc118 and sequenced. the open reading frame encoded a protein of 427 amino acids including the signal peptide. the molecular mass of the mature enzyme estimated from the amino acid sequence data was 44.7 kda, which is approximately similar to that, estimated by sds-page (48.0 kda), of the purified enzyme reported previously. the n-terminal amino acid sequence deduced from the ...	2000	16232910
efficient transformation of mesorhizobium huakuii subsp. rengei and rhizobium species.	the transformation of mesorhizobium huakuii subsp. rengei b3 with either pbbr122 or pkt230 was carried out. we determined the optimal conditions required for transformation by electroporation and obtained up to 10(5) cfu/microg pbbr122. plasmids prepared from strain b3 yielded higher transformation efficiency than those from various dam or dcm mutant strains of escherichia coli. this result suggests that a high transformation efficiency is not related to the methylation of plasmid dna in e. coli ...	2000	16232796
phylogenetic position of mesorhizobium huakuii subsp. rengei, a symbiont of astragalus sinicus cv. japan.	the phylogenetic position of rhizobium huakuii bv. renge, a symbiont of astragalus sinicus cv. japan (renge-sou), was studied. the following phylogenetic approaches were used: restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp)-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis of a full-length 16s rdna fragment, 16s rdna analysis of the first 300-bp sequence, bacteriophage typing, and amplification of the genomic region by random primer. all the data suggest that strains of r. huakuii bv. renge should be cla ...	1999	16232424
diversity of n-acyl homoserine lactone-producing and -degrading bacteria in soil and tobacco rhizosphere.	in gram-negative bacteria, quorum-sensing (qs) communication is mostly mediated by n-acyl homoserine lactones (n-ahsl). the diversity of bacterial populations that produce or inactivate the n-ahsl signal in soil and tobacco rhizosphere was investigated by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of amplified 16s dna and dna sequencing. such analysis indicated the occurrence of n-ahsl-producing strains among the alpha-, beta- and gamma-proteobacteria, including genera known to pro ...	2005	16232294
rna silencing of waxy gene results in low levels of amylose in the seeds of transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	in this study, the level of amylose was reduced in wheat seeds by rnai strategy. because the synthesis of amylose is catalyzed by the granule-bound starch synthase i (gbssi or waxy protein), the waxy gene of wheat was isolated from wheat seeds by using rt-pcr. southern analysis confirmed that there were three waxy genes in wheat genome. northern hybridization showed that waxy mrna accumulated in seeds following pollination. by rnai strategy,the 683 bp sense and antisense fragments in reverse ori ...	2005	16231740
evolutionary, structural and functional relationships revealed by comparative analysis of syntenic genes in rhizobiales.	comparative genomics has provided valuable insights into the nature of gene sequence variation and chromosomal organization of closely related bacterial species. however, questions about the biological significance of gene order conservation, or synteny, remain open. moreover, few comprehensive studies have been reported for rhizobial genomes.	2005	16229745
4-pyridoxolactonase from a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium mesorhizobium loti: cloning, expression, and characterization.	4-pyridoxolactonase is involved in the degradation pathway for pyridoxine, a free form of vitamin b6. the gene (mlr6805) encoding the putative 4-pyridoxolactonase of nitrogen fixing symbiotic microorganism mesorhizobium loti maff303099 has been identified based on the genome database. the gene was cloned and overexpressed in a cotransformant escherichia coli cell. the recombinant enzyme was dimeric protein and contained one mole of zn2+ per mole of subunit. the enzyme showed about 30% identity w ...	2005	16226926
degradation of 4-aminobenzenesulfonate by alginate encapsulated cells of agrobacterium sp. pns-1.	studies were carried out on 4-aminobenzenesulfonate (4-abs) degradation by free and alginate entrapped cells of agrobacterium sp. pns-1. degradation rate in batch reactors with free cells was marginally higher than ca-encapsulated cells. comparison of ca2+ and ba2+ as gelling agents showed that 4-abs removal rate was significantly less with ba-alginate entrapped cells. specific degradation rates, using linear regression analysis and based on the initial biomass in the beads, varied from 49.7 mg/ ...	2006	16223583
isolation and characterization of a chitinase gene vch3 promoter from grapevine (vitis amurensis).	the 1216-bp 5' upstream region of the gene encoding a class iii chitinase vch3 was isolated from grapevine (vitis amurensis rupr.) by adaptor-pcr (genbank accession number af441123), and the transcriptional start site of the vch3 gene was identified by primer extension, which corresponds to the second a in the dna sequence 5'-atcaagcac-3'. sequence analysis revealed that the vch3 promoter sequence contains caat and tata motifs that are located at the -122 and -29 nucleotide upstream of the trans ...	2005	16222090
hydrogenase genes are uncommon and highly conserved in rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae.	a screening for hydrogen uptake (hup) genes in rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae isolates from different locations within spain identified no hup+ strains, confirming the scarcity of the hup trait in r. leguminosarum. however, five new hup+ strains were isolated from ni-rich soils from italy and germany. the hup gene variability was studied in these strains and in six available strains isolated from north america. sequence analysis of three regions within the hup cluster showed an unusually hig ...	2005	16216440
nod factors and a diffusible factor from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi stimulate lateral root formation in medicago truncatula via the dmi1/dmi2 signalling pathway.	legumes form two different types of intracellular root symbioses, with fungi and bacteria, resulting in arbuscular mycorrhiza and nitrogen-fixing nodules, respectively. rhizobial signalling molecules, called nod factors, play a key role in establishing the rhizobium-legume association and genes have been identified in medicago truncatula that control a nod factor signalling pathway leading to nodulation. three of these genes, the so-called dmi1, dmi2 and dmi3 genes, are also required for formati ...	2005	16212600
agrobacterium and biolistic transformation of onion using non-antibiotic selection marker phosphomannose isomerase.	a new selection system for onion transformation that does not require the use of antibiotics or herbicides was developed. the selection system used the escherichia coli gene that encodes phosphomannose isomerase (pmi). transgenic plants carrying the mana gene that codes for pmi can detoxify mannose-6-phosphate by conversion to fructose-6-phosphate, an intermediate of glycolysis, via the pmi activity. six-week-old embryogenic callus initiated from seedling radicle was used for transformation. tra ...	2006	16211408
inoculation with the plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium azospirillum brasilense causes little disturbance in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of maize (zea mays).	inoculation with azospirillum brasilense exerts beneficial effects on plant growth and crop yields. in this study, a comparative analysis of maize (zea mays) root inoculated or not inoculated with a. brasilense strains was performed in two soils. colonization dynamics of the rhizobacteria were tracked in various root compartments using 16s rrna-targeted probes and 4',6'diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, and the structure of bacterial populations in the same samples was analyzed by denaturing gra ...	2005	16211327
pesticide side effect on the symbiotic efficiency and nitrogenase activity of rhizobiaceae bacteria family.	the laboratory experiments tested the influence of selected pesticides on the symbiotic efficiency and nitrogenase activity of rhizobium leguminosarumin bv. trifolii kgl, sinorhizobiuni melilotii bp and badyrhizobium sp. ornithopus b bacteria entering into symbiosis with clover, lucerne and serradella, respectively. the results obtained indicate that the pesticides used in the experiments (funaben t seed dressing and pivot 100sl herbicide) caused reduced nitrogenase activity in active strains te ...	2005	16209094
a family of promoter probe vectors incorporating autofluorescent and chromogenic reporter proteins for studying gene expression in gram-negative bacteria.	a series of promoter probe vectors for use in gram-negative bacteria has been made in two broad-host-range vectors, pot (pbbr replicon) and pjp2 (incp replicon). reporter fusions can be made to gfpuv, gfpmut3.1, unstable gfpmut3.1 variants (laa, lva, aav and asv), gfp+, dsred2, dsredt.3, dsredt.4, mrfp1, gusa or lacz. the two vector families, pot and pjp2, are compatible with one another and share the same polylinker for facile interchange of promoter regions. vectors based on pjp2 have the adva ...	2005	16207908
replication regions of sinorhizobium meliloti plasmids.	the replication (rep) regions of small plasmids from three sinorhizobium meliloti strains were cloned by marker rescue. two unique replication regions were identified, one of which was common to two different strains. plasmid pbb83 carried a 7.2 kbp rep region from a 42 kbp plasmid, and pbb84 carried a 4.5 kbp rep region from a 36 kbp plasmid. the cloned rep regions were of different compatibility types, and were capable of displacing their parent plasmids from s. meliloti. neither could functio ...	2006	16202450
site-specific recombination in zea mays.	the elimination of marker genes after selection is recommended for the commercial use of genetically modified plants. we compared the applicability of the two site-specific recombination systems cre/lox and flp/frt for marker gene elimination in maize plants. the selection marker gene pat surrounded by two identically directed lox or frt sites was introduced into maize. sexual crossing with plants harboring the corresponding constitutively expressed recombinase led to the precise and complete ex ...	2005	16200415
gene products of the hupghij operon are involved in maturation of the iron-sulfur subunit of the [nife] hydrogenase from rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae.	in the present study, we investigate the functions of the hupghij operon in the synthesis of an active [nife] hydrogenase in the legume endosymbiont rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae. these genes are clustered with 14 other genes including the hydrogenase structural genes hupsl. a set of isogenic mutants with in-frame deletions (deltahupg, deltahuph, deltahupi, and deltahupj) was generated and tested for hydrogenase activity in cultures grown at different oxygen concentrations (0.2 to 2.0%) and ...	2005	16199572
agrobacterium tumefaciens oncogenic suppressors inhibit t-dna and vire2 protein substrate binding to the vird4 coupling protein.	agrobacterium tumefaciens uses a type iv secretion (t4s) system composed of virb proteins and vird4 to deliver oncogenic dna (t-dna) and protein substrates to susceptible plant cells during the course of infection. here, by use of the transfer dna immunoprecipitation (trip) assay, we present evidence that the mobilizable plasmid rsf1010 (incq) follows the same translocation pathway through the virb/d4 secretion channel as described previously for the t-dna. the rsf1010 transfer intermediate and ...	2005	16194240
transgenic indica rice plants harboring a synthetic cry2a* gene of bacillus thuringiensis exhibit enhanced resistance against lepidopteran rice pests.	a novel synthetic cry2a* gene was introduced into the elite indica rice restorer line minghui 63 by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. a total of 102 independent transformants were obtained. among them, 71 transformants were positive cry2a* plants according to pcr analysis. four highly insect-resistant lines with single-copy insertion (designated as 2a-1, 2a-2, 2a-3, and 2a-4) were selected based on field assessment and southern blot analysis in the t(1) generation. all four transgenic lines ...	2005	16187120
nucleolar localization of potato leafroll virus capsid proteins.	potato leafroll virus (plrv) encodes two capsid proteins, major protein (cp) and minor protein (p5), an extended version of the cp produced by occasional translational 'readthrough' of the cp gene. immunogold electron microscopy showed that plrv cp is located in the cytoplasm and also localized in the nucleus, preferentially targeting the nucleolus. the nucleolar localization of plrv cp was also confirmed when it was expressed as a fusion with green fluorescent protein (gfp) via an agrobacterium ...	2005	16186245
rhizobial populations in soils from natural acacia senegal and acacia nilotica forests in mauritania and the senegal river valley.	eighty-two strains of rhizobia were isolated from soils taken from several sites in mauritania and senegal. these soil samples were collected from natural stands of acacia nilotica and acacia senegal. the soils from mauritania were less rich in native rhizobia than the soils from senegal. the strains were characterized using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and by sequencing the rdna 16s-23s intergenic spacer region (igs). they were sorted into seven igs groups. ...	2005	16184338
nod factors induce nod factor cleaving enzymes in pea roots. genetic and pharmacological approaches indicate different activation mechanisms.	establishment of symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia requires bacterial nod factors (nfs). the concentration of these lipochitooligosaccharides in the rhizosphere is influenced by plant enzymes. nfs induce on pea (pisum sativum) a particular extracellular nf hydrolase that releases lipodisaccharides from nfs from sinorhizobium meliloti. here, we investigated the ability of non-nodulating pea mutants to respond to nodrlv factors (nfs from rhizobium leguminosarum bv viciae) with enhanced nf hyd ...	2005	16183850