Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| spread of hepatitis e virus among different-aged pigs: two-year survey in taiwan. | swine are reservoirs of hepatitis e virus (hev). in this study, a 2-year survey of hev in feces and sera of swine was conducted to determine if: 1) hev has circulated among pigs for some time in taiwan; 2) the spread of hev among different-aged pigs; and 3) there exists hev strains possibly imported through trading. from 1998-2000, 521 serum samples and 54 fecal specimens from pigs were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. none of the 11 pigs in suckling stage (< 2 months ... | 2002 | 11857526 |
| development of a molecular method to identify hepatitis e virus in water. | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes an infectious form of hepatitis associated with contaminated water. by analyzing the sequence of several hev isolates, a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method was developed and optimized that should be able to identify all of the known hev strains. when tested under laboratory conditions, this method was able to detect low levels of five diverse hev variants. in addition, internal controls were constructed so that any pcr inhibition could be detect ... | 2002 | 11849696 |
| use of a swine bioassay and a rt-pcr assay to assess the risk of transmission of swine hepatitis e virus in pigs. | the objective of this study was to assess the risk of transmission of swine hepatitis e virus (swine hev) to naïve pigs by inoculation with tissues or feces collected from pigs infected experimentally with swine hev. seventy-five, 3-week-old pigs were assigned randomly to 24 groups of 3-4 pigs and inoculated with homogenates of tissues (liver, heart, pancreas, or skeletal muscle) or a suspension of feces from swine hev-infected pigs collected at 3, 7, 14, 20, 27, or 55 days post inoculation (dpi ... | 2002 | 11849685 |
| acute viral hepatitis in hong kong: a study of recent incidences. | acute hepatitis patients admitted to a referral centre from january 1995 through december 1995 were studied to determine the seroprevalence of the hepatitis viruses and related risk factors. of the 434 patients with acute viral hepatitis, the episodes due to hepatitis a, b, c, d, and non-a, non-b, non-c, (non-abc) were 214 (49.3%), 163 (37.6%), 7 (1.6%), 0 (0%), and 50 (11.5%), respectively. acute hepatitis a and non-abc hepatitis commonly occur in late spring and early summer and are probably r ... | 1997 | 11847370 |
| report of a collaborative study to assess the suitability of a reference reagent for antibodies to hepatitis e virus. | several commercial and "in-house" assays have been developed for the detection of antibodies to hepatitis e virus, a major causative agent of enterically transmitted non-a non-b hepatitis. as these kits contain a variety of synthetic peptides or recombinant proteins, greater standardisation is required. a collaborative study was therefore carried out to assess the suitability of a freeze dried preparation designated 95/584 to serve as a reference reagent for hepatitis e virus serum igg. preparat ... | 2002 | 11846429 |
| the larger genomic rna of helicoverpa armigera stunt tetravirus encodes the viral rna polymerase and has a novel 3'-terminal trna-like structure. | in this paper we report the complete nucleotide sequence of the larger segment (5312 nucleotides) of the bipartite rna genome of helicoverpa armigera stunt tetravirus (hasv). hasv therefore becomes the first member of the tetraviridae, a virus family with a host range restricted to lepidopteran insects, whose genome has been completely sequenced. hasv rna 1 encodes a 187k protein which includes three domains conserved in rna-dependent rna polymerases of rna viruses in the alpha-like superfamily. ... | 1995 | 11831734 |
| determination of the nucleotide sequences at the extreme 5' and 3' ends of swine hepatitis e virus genome. | the nucleotide sequences at the extreme 5' and 3' ends of swine hepatitis e virus (swine hev) genome were determined, and genomic sequence of swine hev is now complete. sequence analysis revealed that the 3' and 5' non-coding regions (ncrs) of swine hev are closely related to that of the us-1 and us-2 strains of human hev. like the two u.s. strains of human hev, an extra g residue immediately proceeding the poly(a) tail was identified in swine hev. the 5' ncr of swine hev also differed from many ... | 2001 | 11811693 |
| [a preliminary study on hepatitis e virus antibody igg and igm for the diagnosis of acute hepatitis e]. | to evaluate the significance of hepatitis e virus antibody (anti-hev) igg and igm for the diagnosis of acute hepatitis e. | 1999 | 11798711 |
| [etiological study on patients with seronegative viral hepatitis]. | to investigate the etiology of hepatitis patients who were seronegative for viral hepatitis a through e. | 2000 | 11798538 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in haemodialysis patients: a case-control study in saudi arabia. | to determine the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis e virus (igm anti-hev) among haemodialysis patients and evaluate whether there was an increased risk of infection and exposure to hev in an area of endemic viral hepatitis, serum samples obtained from 83 saudi patients on chronic haemodialysis (group 1), 400 sex- and age-matched healthy subjects (group 2) and hospital patients (group 3) were tested for the igm anti-hev and igg anti-hev. the prevalence of anti-hev among the patients (group 1) a ... | 2002 | 11793384 |
| infection of hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) at the visual pathways of rats. | 2001 | 11774460 | |
| spread of hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) in the cns of rats inoculated by intranasal route. | 2001 | 11774456 | |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis e virus in veterinarians working with swine and in normal blood donors in the united states and other countries. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is endemic in many developing and some industrialized countries. it has been hypothesized that animals may be the source of infection. the recent identification of swine hev in u.s. pigs and the demonstration of its ability to infect across species have lent credence to this hypothesis. to assess the potential risk of zoonotic hev infection, we tested a total of 468 veterinarians working with swine (including 389 u.s. swine veterinarians) and 400 normal u.s. blood donors ... | 2002 | 11773103 |
| [development of a diagnostic kit of enzyme-linked immunoassay for detecting serum anti-hepatitis e virus igg]. | to develop a diagnostic kit for detecting serum anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) igg with enzyme-linked immunoassay (elisa). | 2001 | 11769630 |
| hepatitis e: review of a disease endemic in pakistan. | hepatitis e is enterically transmitted causing a self-limiting illness similar to hepatitis a. however, unlike hepatitis a, immunity to hepatitis e is not life long, hepatitis e is a disease of developing nations with improper sewage disposal and unclean water supplies. it is thought to be the most common cause of acute sporadic hepatitis in pakistan, where it has also caused major epidemics. hepatitis e causes a mild self-limiting illness with no long-term sequelae. however, it is especially se ... | 2001 | 11759503 |
| high prevalence of hepatitis e antibodies among danish prisoners and drug users. | injecting drug users and prisoners have high prevalences of antibodies to hepatitis a-c. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis e virus (anti-hev) in two danish high-risk populations and correlate anti-hev with risk factors for transmission. three hundred thirty male prisoners and 137 patients at a drug treatment center were tested for anti-hev with an in-house enzyme-linked immunoassay (eia) utilizing antigens derived from open reading frame 2 (orf2). t ... | 2002 | 11748658 |
| occurrence of hepatitis e virus igm, low avidity igg serum antibodies, and viremia in sporadic cases of non-a, -b, and -c acute hepatitis. | serum samples were taken from 57 patients with sporadic non-a, -b, and -c (non a, b, c) acute hepatitis at different times after onset of the disease and tested for the presence of the hepatitis e virus (hev) rna, igm, and low avidity igg antibodies. the viral antibodies were detected using two elisa. one assay (gl) was produced using a mixture of recombinant peptides specified by orf2 and orf3 of the viral genome. the other was produced with an orf2 specified peptide, pe2. the latter occurs nat ... | 2002 | 11748657 |
| hepatitis e virus sequences in swine related to sequences in humans, the netherlands. | hepatitis e virus (hev), a major cause of viral hepatitis in much of the developing world, has recently been detected in swine in north america and asia, raising concern about potential for zoonotic transmission. to investigate if hev is commonly present in swine in the netherlands, pooled stool samples from 115 swine farms and nine individual pigs with diarrhea were assayed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) amplification. hev rna was detected by rt-pcr and hybridizatio ... | 2001 | 11747723 |
| partial sequence analysis of indigenous hepatitis e virus isolated in the united kingdom. | the first nucleotide sequences of hepatitis e virus (hev) acquired in the united kingdom are described. the sequences are novel and are related most closely to hev isolated from greece (greece 2 strain), consistent with their having been derived from an indigenous european virus. hev was assumed until recently to be rare in the united kingdom and other industrialised countries and, consequently, hepatitis e may be under-diagnosed in industrialised countries. | 2001 | 11745935 |
| recombinant hepatitis e virus genomes infectious for primates: importance of capping and discovery of a cis-reactive element. | hepatitis e virus recombinant genomes transcribed in vitro from two cdna clones differing by two nucleotides were infectious for chimpanzees. however, one cdna clone encoded a virus that was attenuated for chimpanzees and unable to infect rhesus monkeys. the second cdna clone encoded a virus that infected both chimpanzees and rhesus monkeys and caused acute hepatitis in both. one mutation differentiating the two clones identified a cis-reactive element that appeared to overlap the 3' end of the ... | 2001 | 11742081 |
| analysis of the complete genome of indigenous swine hepatitis e virus isolated in japan. | using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with primers derived from well-conserved genomic areas among all four hepatitis e virus (hev) genotypes (i-iv), the hev sequence was identified in serum samples obtained from 3 (3%) out of 95 60- to 90-day-old pigs in japan and characterized molecularly. in the partial sequence of open reading frame (orf) 2 of 421 nucleotides, the three swine isolates (swj570, swj681, and swj791) showed the highest similarity of 83-87% to genotype iii hev rep ... | 2001 | 11741279 |
| hepatitis e virus antibody prevalence among persons who work with swine. | prevalence of antibody and risk factors to hepatitis e virus (hev) infection were determined in a cross-sectional study of 2 group-matched populations: swine farmers (n=264) and persons without occupational exposure to swine (n=255) in moldova, a country without reported cases of hepatitis e. the prevalence of hev infection was higher among swine farmers than among the comparison group (51.1% vs. 24.7%; prevalence ratio, 2.07; 95% confidence interval [ci], 1.62-2.64). in multivariate analysis, h ... | 2001 | 11740735 |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a vaccine prepared from 53 kda truncated hepatitis e virus capsid protein expressed in insect cells. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an enterically transmitted virus that causes acute hepatitis. expression of recombinant hev capsid protein in insect cells results in two major proteolytically-processed products of 56 and 53kda which consist of amino acids (aa) 112-607 and 112-578, respectively. the only neutralization epitope identified to date is located at least partially between amino acids 578 and 607 meaning it should be present only in the 56 and not in the 53kda protein. previously, it was sho ... | 2001 | 11738749 |
| sero-prevalence and mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis e virus among pregnant women in the united arab emirates. | (1) to study the prevalence of hev infection in a cohort of pregnant women in the united arab emirates (uae). (2) the rate of mother-to-infant transmission. | 2001 | 11728649 |
| comparative studies on the diagnosis of hepatitis e virus antibodies with orf-2 and orf-3 proteins expressed in insect cells. | hepatitis e is a worldwide health problem, especially in developing countries. the virus genome contains three different open reading frames (orfs): orf-1, which is believed to encode nonstructural proteins, and orf-2 and orf-3, which are believed to encode structural proteins. presently, serologic tests for the detection of human antibodies to hepatitis e virus (hev) infection are primarily based on the orf-2 structural protein expressed in escherichia coli, insect cells or synthetic peptides. ... | 1996 | 11725105 |
| detection of sporadic cases of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in china using immunoassays based on recombinant open reading frame 2 and 3 polypeptides from hev genotype 4. | we reported previously on the complete sequence of hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 4, isolated from patients with sporadic cases of acute hev infection in china. at least eight hev genotypes have now been described worldwide, and further isolates await classification. current immunoassays for the detection of anti-hev antibodies are based on polypeptides from genotypes 1 and 2 only and may be inadequate for the reliable detection of other genotypes. because genotypes 1 and 4 predominate in chin ... | 2001 | 11724847 |
| the effect of mosquito passage on the la crosse virus genotype. | the genetic consequences of passing three different strains of la crosse (lac) virus orally and transovarially in aedes triseriatus mosquitoes were examined. two of the lac strains (wt lac and lac ori) had been passaged numerous times in cell culture; the third strain (sm1-78) had been passaged only once in suckling mice. genetic changes were monitored in three regions of the lac genome after oral infection and dissemination in the mosquito, and transovarial transmission (tot) of the virus to pr ... | 2001 | 11714967 |
| experimental studies on subclinical hepatitis e virus infection in cynomolgus macaques. | serial subclinical transmission among susceptible humans may serve as a reservoir of hepatitis e virus (hev) in areas in which hev is endemic. this hypothesis was investigated in an experimental primate model. four groups of 4 cynomolgus macaques each were inoculated intravenously with 10(4)-10(5) (group 1), 10-100 (group 2), and 1-10 (group 3) cynomolgus macaque hev infectious doses. all 4 animals in group 1 had clinical disease marked by alanine aminotransferase (alt) elevation, fecal virus ex ... | 2001 | 11709779 |
| [viral hepatitis e. current knowledge and future problems]. | hepatitis e is the principal enterically-transmitted non-a, non-b, non-c hepatitis, responsible for large epidemics of acute hepatitis associated with fecal contamination of drinking water in under-developed and developing countries. in contrast, in the industrialized world, the infection occurs rarely and sporadically, usually in individuals who originated from or traveled to regions of known endemism. however, serological and virological studies have provided evidence that hepatitis e virus ma ... | 2001 | 11688345 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus antibodies in canadian swine herds and identification of a novel variant of swine hepatitis e virus. | swine hepatitis e virus is a newly identified potentially zoonotic virus from pigs of particular concern for possible direct transmission to a human xenotransplant recipient by organ transplantation. in the present study, prevalence of serum antibodies to hepatitis e virus was examined in canadian swine herds. a total of 998 serum samples collected from 6-month-old healthy slaughter hogs were examined by enzyme immunoassay and western blot analysis for antibodies to the recombinant open reading ... | 2001 | 11687465 |
| acute hepatitis e virus infection presenting as a prolonged cholestatic jaundice. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an enteric virus that usually causes a self-resolving hepatitis; although, it may be fatal, especially in pregnant women. although hev is endemic in israel, there have been no recent local outbreaks. we report the case of a 70-year-old man who presented with painless jaundice. ultrasound and abdominal computed tomography scan revealed gallstones, with no evidence of cholecystitis and no dilatation of the intra-or extrahepatic bile ducts. an open cholecystectomy was per ... | 2001 | 11606863 |
| identification and characterization of the neutralization epitope(s) of the hepatitis e virus. | the neutralization epitope(s) of the hepatitis e virus (hev) was studied by an in vitro neutralization assay using antibodies obtained by immunization of mice with 51 overlapping 30-mer synthetic peptides spanning the region 221-660 amino acids (aa) of the hev open reading frame 2 encoded protein (porf2) and 31 overlapping recombinant proteins of different sizes derived from the entire porf2 of the hev burma strain. antibodies against synthetic peptides and short recombinant proteins of approxim ... | 2001 | 11601892 |
| age-specific seroepidemiology of hepatitis a, b, and e infections among children in istanbul, turkey. | this study was performed for evaluation of seroprevalence of hepatitis a, b, and e among children in istanbul, turkey. the study group included 909 children who were 6 months-15 years of age. the children were separated to three age groups: group 1 (6 months-4.9 years; n = 321), group 2 (5.0-9.9 years; n = 318), and group 3 (10.0-15.0 years; n = 270). group i was divided to two subgroups for evaluation of the maternal antibody sera (6 months-2 years and over 2 years). serum igg anti-hav, anti-hb ... | 2001 | 11599687 |
| recombinant vaccines for hepatitis e. | hepatitis e virus causes epidemics of acute hepatitis in many developing countries. it infrequently causes disease in developed countries, but avirulent strains might circulate. some evidence suggests that hepatitis e might be a zoonosis. there is probably only a single serotype. a candidate vaccine consisting of baculovirus-expressed recombinant capsid protein protected macaques from hepatitis e--it passed phase i clinical trials and is currently scheduled for phase ii/iii clinical trials. | 2001 | 11597521 |
| detection and characterisation of swine hepatitis e virus in new zealand. | the objectives of the present study were to establish the presence of hepatitis e virus (hev) in new zealand pigs, first by testing for hev antibody in pig herds throughout new zealand to measure the herd prevalence, then by attempting to amplify hev genomic sequences by pcr. antibody was measured by two independently designed elisa serology tests. hev rna fragments were amplified by rt-pcr of nucleic acid extracted from faeces of 10-12-week-old piglets using primers targeting orf1, orf2, and or ... | 2001 | 11596088 |
| genetic identification and characterization of a novel virus related to human hepatitis e virus from chickens with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in the united states. | hepatitis-splenomegaly (hs) syndrome is an emerging disease in chickens in north america; the cause of this disease is unknown. in this study, the genetic identification and characterization of a novel virus related to human hepatitis e virus (hev) isolated from bile samples of chickens with hs syndrome is reported. based upon the similar genomic organization and significant sequence identity of this virus with hev, the virus has been tentatively named avian hev in order to distinguish it from h ... | 2001 | 11562538 |
| [gbv-c/hgv, a new virus as one possible cause of hepatitis of unknown etiology]. | for etiologically obscure (some 4%) viral hepatitis agents are sought and tested to make elucidation of their cause possible. one of the candidates is since 1995 the newly discovered virus gbv-c/hgv. despite intense research its relationship to viral hepatitis of obscure origin (vhn) has not been elucidated so far. in the submitted paper the authors attempted to contribute to the elucidation of etiological associations of gbv-c/hgv infection and vhn by comparing the dynamics of markers of the in ... | 2001 | 11550417 |
| development of a fluorogenic rt-pcr assay (taqman) for the detection of hendra virus. | a rapid and sensitive one-tube rt-pcr assay using a fluorogenic (taqman) probe was developed to improve the diagnosis of hendra virus (hev) infection. the taqman assay was developed to rapidly and specifically identify hendra virus. the sensitivity of the new taqman-based pcr assay compared favourably with conventional rt-pcr. the major advantage of the taqman-based assay was the speed of diagnosis with results available within minutes of completing the pcr, and within 4 h of receiving the speci ... | 2001 | 11543882 |
| identification of the 5' terminal sequence of the sar-55 and mex-14 strains of hepatitis e virus and confirmation that the genome is capped. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a nonenveloped virus with a genome of single-stranded, positive-sense rna. the 5' terminal sequence of two hev strains (sar-55 and mex-14) was determined by a 5' rna ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) method designed to select capped rnas. the 5' noncoding region of the sar-55 and mex-14 strains were amplified, confirming that the genomic rna of hev is capped. the 5' noncoding region of the sar-55 strain had 25 nucleotides, which is two less than r ... | 2001 | 11536235 |
| genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection has been considered a disease associated with developing regions and attributed to oral-fecal transmission due to inadequate sanitation. several recent findings, however, have led to a new understanding of this virus. a number of novel isolates have been identified in patients with acute hepatitis from regions not considered endemic for hev, and these individuals reported no recent travel to hev endemic areas. in addition, a number of hev-like sequences have als ... | 2001 | 11536234 |
| problems and prevention of viral hepatitis in thailand. | to this day, viral hepatitis remains a major public health problem in thailand. chronic infection with hepatitis b and c viruses are the leading causes of chronic liver diseases, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). outbreaks of hepatitis a virus continue to occur in thailand, even after several years of consistently declining prevalence rates. also, the reduction in prevalence of hepatitis d virus infection has been observed among intravenous drug users over the past decade. ... | 2001 | 11529332 |
| evidence of extrahepatic sites of replication of the hepatitis e virus in a swine model. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the major cause of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis in many developing countries and is also endemic in many industrialized countries. due to the lack of an effective cell culture system and a practical animal model, the mechanisms of hev pathogenesis and replication are poorly understood. our recent identification of swine hev from pigs affords us an opportunity to systematically study hev replication and pathogenesis in a swine model. in an early study, ... | 2001 | 11526125 |
| [hepatitis e virus infection: epidemiology and prevention]. | 2001 | 11521106 | |
| the orf3 protein of hepatitis e virus binds to src homology 3 domains and activates mapk. | the hepatitis e virus (hev) is the causative agent of hepatitis e, an acute form of viral hepatitis. the biology and pathogenesis of hev remain poorly understood. we have used in vitro binding assays to show that the hev orf3 protein (porf3) binds to a number of cellular signal transduction pathway proteins. this includes the protein tyrosine kinases src, hck, and fyn, the p85alpha regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, phospholipase cgamma, and the adaptor protein grb2. a yeast tw ... | 2001 | 11518702 |
| complete nucleotide sequences of nipah virus isolates from malaysia. | we have completely sequenced the genomes of two nipah virus (niv) isolates, one from the throat secretion and the other from the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of the sole surviving encephalitic patient with positive csf virus isolation in malaysia. the two genomes have 18246 nucleotides each and differ by only 4 nucleotides. the niv genome is 12 nucleotides longer than the hendra virus (hev) genome and both genomes have identical leader and trailer sequence lengths and hexamer-phasing positions for ... | 2001 | 11514724 |
| direct exposure to animal enteric pathogens. | humans have very close interactions with working, food-producing, and companion animals. according to the american veterinary medical association, there are more than one hundred million cat and dog pets in the united states. furthermore, non-traditional pets like reptiles and exotic birds are not unusual companion animals in households. in addition to sharing with animals our living and/or working space and time, we also share, unfortunately, many disease causing microorganisms. in the past few ... | 2001 | 11512628 |
| perspectives of vaccination against hepatitis e. | hepatitis e, an important cause of morbidity and mortality in humans, accounts for more than 50% of acute viral hepatitis in young adults in developing countries with a 20-30% mortality rate among infected pregnant women primarily those in their third trimester. the development of inactivated or live attenuated virus vaccine has been hampered because this virus does not replicate efficiently in cell culture. a vaccine has been developed by an alternative approach through recombinant technology. ... | 2001 | 11509877 |
| full-genome nucleotide sequence of a hepatitis e virus strain that may be indigenous to japan. | we identified hepatitis e virus (hev) rna in serum from a japanese patient with acute hepatitis, who had never been abroad. the full-genome nucleotide sequence of the hev isolate (jra1) from this patient was composed of 7227 nucleotides excepting the poly(a) tail and had orf1 coding for 1703 amino acids (aa), orf2 coding for 660 aa, and orf3 coding for 122 aa. this japanese strain showed approximately 87% nucleotide similarity to human and swine strains reported from the united states, while it ... | 2001 | 11504536 |
| [detection of igg antibody to hepatitis g virus by elisa]. | to study the relation of hgv igg antibody (anti- hgv igg) to various viral infections, alt and hgv rna. | 2000 | 11503048 |
| the full-length and n-terminal deletion of orf2 protein of hepatitis e virus can dimerize. | hepatitis e virus is a human rna virus containing three open reading frames. of these orf2 encodes, the major capsid protein (porf2), may possess regulatory functions, in addition to a structural one. in this study, we have shown using the yeast two-hybrid system and in vitro immobilization experiments that full-length porf2 is capable of self-association, thus forming a homodimer. using mutational analysis we have studied dimerization of various truncated versions of the orf2 capsid protein usi ... | 2001 | 11485331 |
| human enteric viruses in coquina clams associated with a large hepatitis a outbreak. | an outbreak of hepatitis a, affecting 183 people, occurred in valencia (spain). epidemiological evidence pointed to an association of the outbreak with consumption of coquina clams (donax sp), imported frozen from peru. shellfish were analysed for the presence of hepatitis a virus (hav), enteroviruses, rotaviruses, astroviruses, caliciviruses and hepatitis e virus. hav was detected in 75% of assayed shellfish samples. other enteric viruses were occasionally found in the same samples. molecular e ... | 2001 | 11464770 |
| [acute hepatitis caused by virus a, e and non a-e in chilean adults]. | sanitary and socioeconomic changes and the identification of new causative virus, have changed the epidemiology of hepatitis in chile. | 2001 | 11464534 |
| changing epidemiology of hepatitis a and hepatitis e in urban and rural india (1982-98). | the epidemiology of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) was assessed among age-stratified urban high socioeconomic, lower middle socioeconomic status and rural populations from western india in 1998. when compared with previous surveys, a clear shift from high to intermediate endemicity of hav was evident only for higher socioeconomic population (1982-98), raising the possibility of outbreaks of hepatitis a in this category. a decrease in anti-hav positivity was noted in rural ch ... | 2001 | 11454182 |
| characterization of a recombinant fowlpox virus expressing the native hexon of hemorrhagic enteritis virus. | the structure of the icosahedral adenovirus capsid is highly conserved among adenoviridae. in its native form, the hexon is the major capsid protein. the nascent hexon requires the 100 kda folding protein to fold into its native, trimeric form. the hexon and 100 kda folding protein were co-expressed in a fowlpox virus (fpv) vector and in the recombinant fpvs (rfpvs) in which the hexon and 100 kda folding protein genes are cloned head to tail, the native hexon could be detected with indirect immu ... | 2001 | 11450954 |
| hepatitis c and cirrhotic liver disease in the nile delta of egypt: a community-based study. | residents of egypt's nile river delta have among the world's highest seroprevalence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection. to assess the impact of hcv on chronic liver disease, we studied the association between hcv, other hepatitis viruses, and cirrhotic liver disease in a cross-sectional, community-based survey of 801 persons aged > or = 10 years living in a semi-urban, nile delta village. residents were systematically sampled using questionnaires, physical examination, abdominal ultrasonograph ... | 2001 | 11442209 |
| prevalence of hepatitis a, b, c, and e antibody in flying airline personnel. | the aim of the study was to detect the prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis a, b, c, and e viruses in flying airline personnel, and to determine the necessity of hepatitis a vaccination to prevent such infections related to occupational exposure. | 2000 | 11439715 |
| a guinea-pig model of hendra virus encephalitis. | subcutaneous inoculation, but not intradermal (footpad) or intranasal inoculation, with high doses of hendra virus (hev) consistently produced disease in guinea-pigs. of 15 subcutaneously inoculated animals, 14 developed vascular disease with positive hev immunohistochemical labelling in a range of tissues. a new observation was the presence of lesions, including syncytial cells, with immunolabelling in the transitional epithelium of the bladder. virus isolation from the urine rather than from n ... | 2001 | 11437503 |
| [detection of anti-hav igm and anti-hev igm in patients with sporadic acute hepatitis in beijing between 1995-2000]. | to investigate the age ranges, liver function lesion and outcomes of sporadic acute hepatitis a and e in beijing. | 2001 | 11436647 |
| autoimmune liver disease in children. | autoimmune liver disease (aild) in children progresses to cirrhosis and liver failure if not diagnosed and managed in time. we prospectively analyzed our patients with liver disease for autoimmune etiology and their outcome with treatment. | 2001 | 11422621 |
| acute hepatitis caused by a novel strain of hepatitis e virus most closely related to united states strains. | a unique hepatitis e virus (hev) strain was identified as the aetiological agent of acute hepatitis in a united states (us) patient who had recently returned from vacation in thailand, a country in which hev is endemic. sequence comparison showed that this hev strain was most similar, but not identical, to the swine and human hev strains recovered in the us. phylogenetic analysis revealed that this new hev isolate was closer to genotype 3 strains than to the genotype 1 strains common in asia. th ... | 2001 | 11413380 |
| virus-specific mrna capping enzyme encoded by hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev), a positive-strand rna virus, is an important causative agent of waterborne hepatitis. expression of cdna (encoding amino acids 1 to 979 of hev nonstructural open reading frame 1) in insect cells resulted in synthesis of a 110-kda protein (p110), a fraction of which was proteolytically processed to an 80-kda protein. p110 was tightly bound to cytoplasmic membranes, from which it could be released by detergents. immunopurified p110 catalyzed transfer of a methyl group from ... | 2001 | 11413290 |
| simultaneous amplification of dna and rna virus using multiplex pcr system. | a large number of disease-causing bacteria and viruses are being sequenced and pcr is increasingly used for the diagnosis of the diseases. we have designed a multiplex pcr system for hepatitis b virus (hbv), a dna virus, and hepatitis e virus (hev), an rna virus. a modified technique has been standardized for simultaneous extraction of dna and rna, followed by a one-step rt-pcr/pcr. | 2001 | 11412831 |
| plasmodium falciparum and hepatitis e virus co-infection in fulminant hepatic failure. | acute hepatitis e and falciparum malaria can each present with fulminant hepatic failure and are common in tropical countries. however, co-existence of these two conditions has not been reported. we report a 20-year-old girl who presented with fever and altered sensorium. peripheral smear was positive for plasmodium falciparum, and igm anti-hev was positive. she died despite antimalarial drugs and supportive management. postmortem liver tissue showed changes suggestive of acute viral hepatitis. | 2001 | 11400804 |
| a yeast two-hybrid study on self-association of the orf2 protein of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus is a human rna virus containing three open reading frames. of these, orf2 encodes the major capsid protein (porf2) and may possess regulatory functions, in addition to a structural one. in this study, we have shown using the yeast two-hybrid system and in vitro immobilization experiments that full-length porf2 is capable of self-association, thus forming a homodimer. using mutational analysis we have studied dimerization of various truncated versions of the orf2 capsid protein ... | 2001 | 11396945 |
| a bacterially expressed peptide prevents experimental infection of primates by the hepatitis e virus. | a 23 kda peptide of the major structural protein of the hepatitis e virus (hev) expressed in e. coli was found to naturally interact with one another to form homodimers and the peptide was recognized strongly in its dimeric form by hev reactive human sera. to determine if the peptide may confer protection against hev infection, three monkeys were immunized with the purified peptide and three were given placebo. both groups of animals were challenged with 10(5) genome equivalent dose of the homol ... | 2001 | 11395207 |
| seroepidemiological study of hepatitis e virus infection in japan using a newly developed antibody assay. | a seroepidemiological study of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection was conducted in japan, where hev infection is not considered endemic. | 2001 | 11388394 |
| prevalence of anti-hepatitis e virus antibodies in different indian animal species. | prevalence of igg antibodies to hepatitis e virus (igg-anti-hev) was determined among different animal species from india. seropositivity varied from 4.4% to 6.9% in cattle, 54.6-74.4% in pigs and 2.1-21.5% in rodents. of the 44 dogs screened, 10 were positive (22.7%). none of the 250 goat sera tested were found to be anti-hev positive. among rodents, over 50% serum samples collected in 1985 from bandicota bengalensis were positive for anti-hev antibodies. no evidence of hev infection was obtain ... | 2001 | 11380801 |
| conformational antigenic determinants generated by interactions between a bacterially expressed recombinant peptide of the hepatitis e virus structural protein. | a 23 kda peptide locating to amino acid residues 394 to 604 of the major hepatitis e virus (hev) structural protein was expressed in e. coli. this peptide was found to interact naturally with one another to form homodimers and it was recognized strongly and commonly in its dimeric form by hev reactive human sera. the antigenic activity associated with the dimeric form was abrogated when the dimer was dissociated into monomer and the activity was reconstituted after the monomer was re-associated ... | 2001 | 11360244 |
| sero-epidemiology of hepatitis e virus (hev) in urban and rural children of north india. | to estimate the prevalence of anti-hev igg and igm antibodies to orf3 peptide of hepatitis e virus genome in an age stratified urban and rural population of children. | 2001 | 11359972 |
| oral administration of hepatitis e virus-like particles induces a systemic and mucosal immune response in mice. | we evaluated the potential of recombinant hepatitis e virus (rhev) virus-like particles (vlps) as an oral immunogen by analyzing the response of serum igm, igg, and iga and fecal iga in mice after oral administration. the capsid proteins of hev with its n-terminal 111 amino acids truncated were expressed with a recombinant baculovirus in insect cells, where the capsid proteins self-assembled into vlps. mice were orally inoculated four times with purified rhev vlps in concentrations ranging from ... | 2001 | 11348714 |
| prevalence of enterically transmitted hepatitis viruses in patients attending a tertiary--care hospital in south india. | the prevalance of enterically transmitted hepatitis viruses, namely, hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) were studied in 404 patients with acute hepatitis attending a tertiary-care hospital in south india. presence of current hav/hev infection was ascertained by the demonstration of igm antibodies. in 381 patients tested for both agents, hav igm was present in 51(13.3%) and hev igm present in 66(17.3%). there was dual infection in 3 males (0.8%). hev infection was seen mostly in ... | 2000 | 11344607 |
| the ccr7 ligand elc (ccl19) is transcytosed in high endothelial venules and mediates t cell recruitment. | lymphocyte homing to secondary lymphoid tissue is defined by a multistep sequence of interactions between lymphocytes and endothelial cells in high endothelial venules (hevs). after initial selectin-mediated tethering and rolling, firm adhesion of lymphocytes requires rapid upregulation of lymphocyte integrin adhesiveness. this step is mediated in part by the hev-derived chemokine slc (secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine, or ccl21) that binds to the cc chemokine receptor (ccr)7 on lymphocytes. h ... | 2001 | 11342595 |
| role of hepatitis e and other hepatotropic virus in aetiology of sporadic acute viral hepatitis: a hospital based study from urban delhi. | major hepatotropic virus continues to be an important cause of acute viral hepatitis (avh) in developing countries like india. while epidemics of avh have been well studied few serious sporadic cases from developing countries have been reviewed. we studied prospectively 75 cases of sporadic avh who reported to our hospital and were evaluated for the presence of various hepatotropic viruses. the seroprevalence of igg anti-hev antibodies was studied in the general population as a control. we found ... | 2000 | 11338125 |
| molecular characterization of menangle virus, a novel paramyxovirus which infects pigs, fruit bats, and humans. | menangle virus (menv), isolated in august 1997 following an outbreak of reproductive disease in a piggery in new south wales, is the second previously unclassified member of the family paramyxoviridae to be identified in australia since 1994. similar to hendra virus (hev), menv appears to be a virus of fruit bats (flying foxes) in the genus pteropus. no serological cross-reactivity was detected between menv and other known paramyxoviruses and to facilitate virus classification a cdna subtraction ... | 2001 | 11336561 |
| [hepatitis e virus infection in albania]. | acute hev in albania make up 35.7% of acute non a-non b hepatitis and 2.4% of all acute viral hepatitis cases, affecting women more with a 2:1 ratio, and are described more frequently in adults (73.3%) older than 35 years. in the general population (control group), the prevalence of anti-hev antibodies increases progressively with age, from 1.2% in the younger than 9 years, to 17.7% among the over 60, in general the average is of 9.7%. a statistical comparison of anti-hev antibodies in healthy p ... | 2001 | 11313227 |
| a review of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major cause of outbreaks and sporadic cases of viral hepatitis in tropical and subtropical countries but is infrequent in industrialized countries. the virus is transmitted by the fecal-oral route with fecally contaminated drinking water being the usual vehicle. hepatitis resulting from hev infection is a moderately severe jaundice that is self-limiting in most patients. young adults, 15 to 30 years of age, are the main targets of infection, and the overall death rat ... | 2001 | 11307901 |
| rapid production of recombinant allergens in nicotiana benthamiana and their impact on diagnosis and therapy. | type i allergies are immunological disorders that afflict a quarter of the world's population. recombinant allergens have improved the diagnosis of allergic diseases and allow the formulation of new therapeutic approaches. over 50% of all allergens are of plant origin. | 2001 | 11306923 |
| duplex rt-pcr for simultaneous detection of hepatitis a and hepatitis e virus isolated from drinking water samples. | a duplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) protocol for simultaneous detection of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) in water samples has been developed and demonstrated. both hav and hev were concentrated from drinking water samples through a one-step concentration protocol. different cdna could be produced in the rt step carried out with a random primer in a single reaction tube. two different sets of primers specific for hav-cdna and hev-cdna were used ... | 2000 | 11296746 |
| an outbreak of hepatitis e in northern namibia, 1983. | in 1983 in namibia's kavango region, epidemic jaundice affected hundreds of people living in settlements lacking potable water and waste disposal facilities. many were angolan refugees. the disease, which after investigation was designated non-a non-b hepatitis, was most common in males (72%), in persons aged 15-39 years, and was usually mild except in pregnant women, who incurred 6 (86%) of the 7 fatal infections. fifteen years later, archived outbreak-associated samples were analyzed. hepatiti ... | 2000 | 11289674 |
| sporadic hev hepatitis in italy. | 2001 | 11288737 | |
| [viral liver diseases. current status of therapy] ]. | viral liver diseases, particularly hepatitides of type b (hbv) and c (hcv) show an increasing trend, the number of infected people in the world being several hundred million people. with the exception of other forms (hav, hdv, hev, and hgv), where infectivity is also high, possible transmission and infection in hbv and hcv are often independent of the affected person (blood transfusion, stomatological operations, surgery, etc.). treatment of hepatitides not proceeding into a chronic stage is wit ... | 2001 | 11288593 |
| hepatitis e virus dna vaccine elicits immunologic memory in mice. | injection of an expression vector pjhev containing hepatitis e virus (hev) structural protein open reading frame 2 gene generates a strong antibody response in balb/c mice that can bind to and agglutinate hev. in this study, we tested for immunologic memory in immunized mice whose current levels of igg to hev were low or undetectable despite 3 doses of hev dna vaccine 18 months earlier. mice previously vaccinated with vector alone were controls. all mice were administered a dose of hev dna vacci ... | 2001 | 11287754 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in selected brazilian populations. | a retrospective study on the prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection was conducted in selected populations in rio de janeiro, brazil. a total of 1,115 subjects were tested including 146 patients with acute non-a non-b non-c (nanbnc) viral hepatitis, 65 hemodialysis patients, 93 blood donors, 102 intravenous drug users (ivdus), 304 pregnant women, 145 individuals living in the rural area and 260 individuals living in the urban area. in order to characterize a favorable epidemiological set ... | 2001 | 11285473 |
| molecular characteristic-based epidemiology of hepatitis b, c, and e viruses and gb virus c/hepatitis g virus in myanmar. | we carried out a molecular characteristic-based epidemiological survey of various hepatitis viruses, including hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis e virus (hev), and gb virus c (gbv-c)/hepatitis g virus (hgv), in myanmar. the study population of 403 subjects consisted of 213 healthy individuals residing in the city of yangon, myanmar, and the surrounding suburbs and 190 liver disease patients (155 virus-related liver disease patients and 35 nonviral disease patients). the ... | 2001 | 11283083 |
| serological and molecular testing in viral hepatitis: an update. | the routine serological diagnoses of the three major forms of viral hepatitis - a, b and c - as well as delta hepatitis, are important in the evaluation of acute and chronic viral hepatitis. increasingly, molecular virology is also being used to evaluate patients with chronic hepatitis c, with genotype and viral load testing to plan therapy. | 2001 | 11264571 |
| the 3' end of hepatitis e virus (hev) genome binds specifically to the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp). | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the major cause of acute epidemic and sporadic hepatitis in the developing world. it is a positive-strand rna virus with a genome length of about 7.2 kb. the replication mechanism of this virus is virtually unexplored. identification of the regulatory elements involved in initiation of replication may help in designing specific inhibitors for therapy. in the positive-stranded rna viruses the initiation of replication requires interaction of the 3' end of genome with it ... | 2001 | 11259193 |
| [partial nucleotide sequences of hepatitis e viruses isolated from patients in 14 cities of china]. | to investigate the genotypes of hepatitis e viruses isolated in china. | 2000 | 11236627 |
| comparative pathogenesis of infection of pigs with hepatitis e viruses recovered from a pig and a human. | specific-pathogen-free pigs were inoculated with one of two hepatitis e viruses (hev) (one recovered from a pig and the other from a human) to study the relative pathogenesis of the two viruses in swine. fifty-four pigs were randomly assigned to three groups. seventeen pigs in group 1 served as uninoculated controls, 18 pigs in group 2 were intravenously inoculated with the swine hev recovered from a pig in the united states, and 19 pigs in group 3 were intravenously inoculated with the us-2 str ... | 2001 | 11230404 |
| [can we foresee the end of the alphabet in viral hepatitis?]. | there is a number of viruses which may cause acute or chronic liver damage. only some of them belong into the group of hepatotropic viruses and only the latter are the cause of acute or chronic viral hepatitis. so far we know seven hepatotropic viruses. the virus of hepatitis a (hav), virus of hepatitis b (hbv), virus of hepatitis c (hcv), virus of hepatitis d (hdv), virus of hepatitis e (hev), virus of hepatitis g (hgv) and transfusion-transmitted-virus (ttv). for hav and hev orofaecal transmis ... | 2000 | 11227176 |
| hepatitis e associated with acute pancreatitis with pseudocyst. | 1999 | 11225230 | |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis e in two rural egyptian communities. | a population-based serosurvey in two rural egyptian communities was used to assess age-specific prevalence of antibody to hepatitis e virus (anti-hev). one community is in the nile delta (11,182 inhabitants; 3,997 participants) and the other in upper egypt (10,970 inhabitants; 6,029 participants). samples were tested for anti-hev with a commercial enzyme-linked immunoassay (elisa) based on antigens derived from open reading frame (orf)2 and orf3. although there was a clear difference in sensitiv ... | 2000 | 11220771 |
| new hepatitis viruses: contenders and pretenders. | following the development of tests for hepatitis c virus and hepatitis e virus infection, it became clear that there remained cases of hepatitis that were non-a-e. such cases provided impetus for the search for additional hepatitis viruses and, by using molecular techniques, several candidates were identified. an enteric agent responsible for sporadic non-a and non-e hepatitis was tentatively called hepatitis f virus. however, the lack of any corroborating reports has cast doubt on its status as ... | 2001 | 11207890 |
| hepatitis: still a concern? | although some forms of viral hepatitis were identified more than 50 years ago, hepatitis continues to have an impact on the practice of dentistry. possible transmission in the dental setting, management of the chronically ill, and legal issues related to treatment of infectious patients combine to emphasize that hepatitis is still an important issue for dental health care workers. currently, 7 viral forms are recognized. those with predominantly enteral modes of transmission--including hav, hev, ... | 2000 | 11203900 |
| a serological re-evaluation of acute non-a non-b hepatitis from the early 1970s. | the epidemiology and natural history of recently discovered viruses, which may be responsible for cases of seronegative infectious hepatitis, are currently being investigated. retrospective studies of stored sera can provide a historical perspective of these infections. | 2000 | 11198574 |
| viraemia and faecal shedding of hev in symptom-free carriers. | 2001 | 11197383 | |
| hendra virus disease in horses. | the author provides an account of the discovery of a previously undescribed disease of horses and a description of the studies involved in determining the aetiology of the disease. the causative virus, now named hendra virus (hev), is the reference virus for a proposed new genus within the virus family paramyxoviridae. the virus is a lethal zoonotic agent able to cause natural disease in humans and horses and experimentally induced disease in cats, guinea-pigs and mice. the virus also naturally ... | 2000 | 11189712 |
| viral hepatitis during pregnancy. | a great degree of controversy prevails over the existing reports on the severity and outcome of acute viral hepatitis (avh) during pregnancy. the present study describes the outcome of avh associated with pregnancy. a correlation was also assessed for gestation period, viral etiology and outcome of avh. | 2001 | 11166742 |
| self-association and mapping of the interaction domain of hepatitis e virus orf3 protein. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major human pathogen in the developing world. in the absence of an in vitro culture system, very little information on the basic biology of the virus exists. a small protein (approximately 13.5 kda) of unknown function, porf3, is encoded by the third open reading frame of hev. the n-terminal region of porf3 is associated with the cytoskeleton using one of its hydrophobic domains. the c-terminal half of porf3 is rich in proline residues and contains a putative src hom ... | 2001 | 11160756 |
| hepatitis e virus markers in a peritoneal dialysis population. | 2000 | 11117252 | |
| novel strains of hepatitis e virus identified from humans and other animal species: is hepatitis e a zoonosis? | 2000 | 11097496 |