Publications

tracing back seed and pollen flow within the crop-wild beta vulgaris complex: genetic distinctiveness vs. hot spots of hybridization over a regional scale.	hybrids between transgenic crops and wild relatives have been documented successfully in a wide range of cultivated species, having implications on conservation and biosafety management. nonetheless, the magnitude and frequency of hybridization in the wild is still an open question, in particular when considering several populations at the landscape level. the beta vulgaris complex provides an excellent biological model to tackle this issue. weed beets contaminating sugar beet fields are expecte ...	2004	15140082
treatment of fibroids: the use of beets (beta vulgaris) and molasses (saccharum officinarum) as an herbal therapy by dominican healers in new york city.		2004	15138021
identification of betalains from petioles of differently colored swiss chard (beta vulgaris l. ssp. cicla [l.] alef. cv. bright lights) by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.	the betalain pattern of differently colored swiss chard (beta vulgaris l. ssp. cicla [l.] alef. cv. bright lights) was investigated for the first time. nineteen betaxanthins and nine betacyanins were identified by rp-hplc and positive ion electrospray mass spectrometry, co-injection experiments with semisynthetic reference compounds, and standards derived from authentic plant material, respectively. histamine-betaxanthin and alanine-betaxanthin were found to be novel betaxanthins, which to the b ...	2004	15137842
nutrition and feed management strategies to reduce nutrient excretions and odors from swine manure.	manipulation of the pig's diet to reduce nutrient excretions and odors is feasible and practical. avoiding excessive dietary protein, using high quality protein sources, and feeding low protein, amino acid supplemented diets are practices that will reduce the n in excreta. avoiding excessive overages of dietary p, balancing diets on an available p basis, and use of phytase as a dietary supplement offers potential for further reducing the p in manure. use of reduced or organic forms of cu, zn, fe ...	2004	15137450
polygalacturonase and ethanol production in kluyveromyces marxianus: potential use of polygalacturonase in foodstuffs.	the coproduction of ethanol and polygalacturonase (pg) in a pilot-scale batch fermentor using yeast extract--glucose (yd)--and sugar beet molasses (sbm)-based media was implemented utilizing a new high-pg-producing strain of kluyveromyces marxianus. a certain growth inhibition was observed in sbm medium, causing ethanol and pg production to be lower. ethanol productivity and accumulation values of 1.94 g/(l x h) and 40 g/l, respectively, were attained in yd, whereas the best fermentation efficie ...	2004	15126703
different concentrations and sources of dietary fibre may improve the welfare of female broiler breeders.	1. broiler breeder females were fed restricted allocations of food to meet target body weights. they were fed on a standard wheat-soy ration or on one of three series of rations containing 50, 100 or 200 g/kg of ground oat hulls, ground unmolassed sugar beet pulp or sunflower meal. changes in behaviour and heterophil-lymphocyte ratio (hlr) were measured at 5, 10 and 15 weeks of age. 2. body weight at 15 weeks of age decreased in a linear manner with increasing concentrations of the experimental ...	2004	15115195
antioxidant activity of processed table beets (beta vulgaris var, conditiva) and green beans (phaseolus vulgaris l.).	it has been shown that thermal processing of tomatoes and sweet corn results in increased antioxidant activities despite the loss of vitamin c. until now, it is unclear whether this positive effect of thermal processing occurs with all crop produce. therefore, analysis of a root vegetable (beets) and of a legume (green beans) was undertaken to address this question. antioxidant activity of beets processed under typical commercial processing conditions remained constant despite an 8% loss of vita ...	2004	15113174
control of dehydrodiferulate cross-linking in pectins from sugar-beet tissues.	pectins were extracted from roots, petioles and leaves of sugar beet, and cross-linked using hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase. the effects on dehydrodiferulate formation were monitored by hplc and tlc. dehydrodimers were formed in different proportions to those found in vivo. there was a net loss of around 50% of the phenolic groups (monomers plus dimers) during dimerisation. gel filtration showed that root and petiole pectin, but not leaf pectin, increased in molecular weight during cross-linki ...	2004	15110691
zinc, copper and nickel concentrations in soil extracts and crops grown on four soils treated with metalloaded sewage sludges.	sludges containing high concentrations of zinc, copper or nickel and an uncontaminated sludge were added to two sandy loams (ph 6.5 and 7.1), a heavy clay (ph 6.3) and a calcareous clay (ph 7.8) to give ten sludge treatments for each soil. the mixtures were incubated fallow, cropped continuously with clover, or cropped with barley and red beet in rotation for 21 months. the quantity of added metal either in the soil solution or extracted by 0.1m cacl(2) depended on the metal loading, ph and soil ...	1987	15092771
detection of dna adducts in declining hop plants grown on fields formerly treated with heptachlor, a persistent insecticide.	hop decline was observed in alsace, eastern france, in reparcelled sugar beet fields formerly abundantly treated with an insecticide, heptachlor. leaves were collected from 'declining hops' grown in an heptachlor-contaminated area and from 'healthy hops' grown in a soil not contaminated by heptachlor. these two samples came from hop vines treated with other usual pesticides. 'control' hop leaves came from soil neither treated with pesticide nor contaminated with heptachlor. hypermodified nucleot ...	1995	15091476
genetic analysis of male fertility restoration in wild cytoplasmic male sterility g of beet.	cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) has been used in the breeding of sugar beet for decades but is also more generally an important feature of the reproductive system in its wild relative, beta vulgaris ssp. maritima. among the several cmss found in wild populations, the g cms is a mitochondrial variant of the respiratory chain. the segregants derived from a cross between a restored plant and a female (male-sterile) plant on g cytoplasm exhibited three sexual phenotypic classes: female, hermaphrodi ...	2004	15085261
performance and individual feed intake characteristics of group-housed sows fed a nonstarch polysaccharides diet ad libitum during gestation over three parities.	the objective of this experiment was to study the effects of feeding group-housed gestating sows a diet with a high level of fermentable nonstarch polysaccharides (nsp; approximately 45% sugar beet pulp as fed) ad libitum on the development in individual feed intake characteristics and reproductive performance during three successive reproduction cycles. performance of the ad libitum-fed sows was compared to the performance of sows that were fed a conventional diet restrictedly. feed intake char ...	2004	15080349
source-separated municipal solid waste compost application to swiss chard and basil.	a growth room experiment was conducted to evaluate the bioavailability of cu, mn, zn, ca, fe, k, mg, p, s, as, b, cd, co, cr, hg, mo, na, ni, pb, and se from a sandy loam soil amended with source-separated municipal solid waste (ssmsw) compost. basil (ocimum basilicum l.) and swiss chard (beta vulgaris l.) were amended with 0, 20, 40, and 60% ssmsw compost to soil (by volume) mixture. soils and compost were sequentially extracted to fractionate cu, pb, and zn into exchangeable (exch), iron- and ...	2006	15074805
strategies for the detection of potential beet necrotic yellow vein virus genome recombinations which might arise as a result of growing a type coat protein gene-expressing sugarbeets in soil containing b type virus.	we have searched for beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) populations with a recombined genome which could possibly arise when transgenic sugarbeets expressing the coat protein gene of a type bnyvv are grown in soil containing polymyxa betae carrying b type bnyvv, in soil samples from previous field release experiments and in a greenhouse model experiment. in order to accelerate the potential evolution of virus populations with recombined genomes in the model experiment, eight successive crop ...	2004	15070072
[genomic variability of sugar beet morphogenic and non-morphogenic callus].	cytogenetic characters and the level of dna methylation were studied in sugarbeet callus cultures with different morphogenic potential which were obtained from the same leaf explant. it was shown that non-morphogenic callus in comparison with the morphogenic one was characterized by the higher level of cell ploidy and of the frequency of chromosome structural rearrangements even at the early stages of cultivation. overspiralization of chromosomes and formation of condensed chromatin were observe ...	2008	15067942
organization of repetitive dnas and the genomic regions carrying ribosomal rna, cob, and atp9 genes in the cucurbit mitochondrial genomes.	plants in the genus cucumis (cucumber and melon) have the largest mitochondrial genomes known among all plants, due in part to the accumulation of repetitive dnas of varying complexities. recombination among these repetitive dnas should produce highly rearranged mitochondrial genomes relative to the smaller mitochondrial genomes of related plants. we cloned and sequenced mitochondrial genomic regions near the rrna, atp9 and cob genes from cucumber, melon, squash and watermelon (all members of th ...	2004	15067383
on-line monitoring of a two-stage anaerobic digestion process using a bod analyzer.	a computer-controlled biochemical oxygen demand (bod) analyzer has been developed for fast estimation of biochemical oxygen demand (bodst) automatically with the purpose of on-line monitoring of a process for conversion of biomass under field conditions. the instrument was tested by on-line monitoring of the connecting stream between two stages of a two-stage anaerobic process in laboratory scale. in the first stage, hydrolysis of sugar beet leaves and its conversion into volatile fatty acids an ...	2004	15066764
[molecular differences in adh1-f and adh1-s alleles in the sugar beet beta vulgaris l].	we compared nucleotide sequences of exon 4 and part of exon 5 of alleles f and s of the adh1 locus controlling alcohol dehydrogenase in sugar beet. the adh1-f and adh1-s sequences of the examined fragment were shown to differ by two nucleotides. adenine (a) and cytosine (c) of adh1-f were substituted by respectively thymine (t) and adenine (a) in adh1-s. consequently, glutamine and asparagine from the f subunit of adh1 are replaced by valine and lysine, respectively. because of differences in th ...	2004	15065431
effect of different fibre types on the digestibility of nutrients in cats.	in this study the effect of different fibre types was investigated on the acceptance of foods (in a short-term study) and on the nutrients' digestibility by using 10 adult, castrated cats. peanut hull (ph, source of lignin), dried sugar beet pulp (sbp, source of hemicelluloses and pectin) and alfalfa meal (alf, source of cellulose) were mixed to a poultry meat based cat food in 10% on dry matter (dm) basis. the average dm intake did only slightly differ according to the type of fibre added. supp ...	2004	15059238
altered cell shapes, hyperplasia, and secondary growth in arabidopsis caused by beet curly top geminivirus infection.	arabidopsis sei-o ecotype was found to be hypersusceptible to the bctv-logan strain in that it developed very severe symptoms, including severely deformed inflorescences with the callus-like structure, and accumulated high level of viral dna. microscopic studies of the bctv-induced cell divisions demonstrated that the activation of cell divisions was preceded by the phloem disruption and the callus-like structure seemed to be originated from the cortex nearby disrupted phloem. we have further de ...	2004	15055537
effect of adding and removing n-glycosylation recognition sites on the thermostability of barley alpha-glucosidase.	the thermostability of alpha-glucosidase is important because the conversion of starch to fermentable sugars during the industrial production of beer and fuel ethanol typically occurs at relatively high temperatures (60-75 degrees c). barley (hordeum vulgare) alpha-glucosidase is unstable at these elevated temperatures; however, the alpha-glucosidase from sugar beet (beta vulgaris) is stable at these temperatures. an alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences of barley and sugar beet alpha-gl ...	2004	15051866
complex molecular architecture of beet yellows virus particles.	closteroviruses possess exceptionally long filamentous virus particles that mediate protection and active transport of the genomic rna within infected plants. these virions are composed of a long "body" and short "tail" whose principal components are the major and minor capsid proteins, respectively. here we use biochemical, genetic, and ultrastructural analyses to dissect the molecular composition and architecture of particles of beet yellows virus, a closterovirus. we demonstrate that the viri ...	2004	15044703
expression of a plant serine o-acetyltransferase in saccharomyces cerevisiae confers osmotic tolerance and creates an alternative pathway for cysteine biosynthesis.	screening of a sugar beet (beta vulgaris cv. dita) cdna library for clones able to confer osmotic tolerance to the osmosensitive gpd1 mutant of saccharomyces cerevisiae identified a novel serine o-acetyltransferase (bvsat; ec 2.3.1.30). this enzyme is involved in cysteine biosynthesis in plants and bacteria, producing o-acetylserine, which is converted into cysteine in a reaction catalysed by o-acetylserine sulphydrylase (ec 4.2.99.8). this pathway is not conserved in yeast, where cysteine is sy ...	2004	15042590
high frequency agrobacterium-mediated transformation and plant regeneration via direct shoot formation from leaf explants in beta vulgaris and beta maritima.	we have developed a new procedure for agrobacterium-mediated transformation of plants in the genus beta using shoot-base as the material for agrobacterium infection. the frequency of regeneration from shoot bases was analyzed in seven accessions of sugarbeet ( beta vulgaris) and two accessions of b. maritima to select materials suitable for obtaining transformed plants. the frequency of transformation of the chosen accessions using agrobacterium strain lba4404 and selection on 150-mg/l kanamycin ...	2004	15042407
cloning and salt-induced, aba-independent expression of choline mono-oxygenase in atriplex prostrata.	certain plants accumulate glycinebetaine, a type of osmoprotectant, in response to salinity. glycinebetaine is synthesized in these plants via the two-step oxidation of choline, and the first step is catalysed by choline mono-oxygenase (cmo; ec 1.14.15.7). cloned by rt-pcr and 3'-race, the cdna of atriplex prostrata cmo (apcmo) is 1669 bp in length and encodes a full-length protein of 438 amino acids. the deduced amino acid sequence of apcmo revealed a rieske-type [2fe-2s] cluster motif and a mo ...	2004	15032837
uptake of salicylic acid 2-o-beta-d-glucose into soybean tonoplast vesicles by an atp-binding cassette transporter-type mechanism.	in soybean (glycine max l.), salicylic acid (sa) is converted primarily to sa 2-o-beta-d-glucose (sag) in the cytoplasm and then accumulates exclusively in the vacuole. however, the mechanism involved in the vacuolar transport of sag has not been investigated. the vacuolar transport of sag was characterized by measuring the uptake of [(14)c]sag into tonoplast vesicles isolated from etiolated soybean hypocotyls. the uptake of sag was stimulated about six-fold when mgatp was included in the assay ...	2004	15032822
movement protein of a closterovirus is a type iii integral transmembrane protein localized to the endoplasmic reticulum.	cell-to-cell movement of beet yellows closterovirus requires four structural proteins and a 6-kda protein (p6) that is a conventional, nonstructural movement protein. here we demonstrate that either virus infection or p6 overexpression results in association of p6 with the rough endoplasmic reticulum. the p6 protein possesses a single-span, transmembrane, n-terminal domain and a hydrophilic, c-terminal domain that is localized on the cytoplasmic face of the endoplasmic reticulum. in the infected ...	2004	15016890
fungal transmission of plant viruses.	thirty soilborne viruses or virus-like agents are transmitted by five species of fungal vectors. ten polyhedral viruses, of which nine are in the family tombusviridae, are acquired in the in vitro manner and do not occur within the resting spores of their vectors, olpidium brassicae and o. bornovanus. fungal vectors for other viruses in the family should be sought even though tombusviruses are reputed to be soil transmitted without a vector. eighteen rod-shaped viruses belonging to the furo- and ...	1996	15012536
the feruloyl esterase system of talaromyces stipitatus: production of three discrete feruloyl esterases, including a novel enzyme, tsfaec, with a broad substrate specificity.	several extracellular feruloyl esterases were produced by the mesophilic fungus talaromyces stipitatus when grown on selective carbon sources in liquid media. type-a and type-b feruloyl esterases, as defined by their substrate specificity against methyl hydroxycinnamates, were produced during growth on wheat bran and sugar beet pulp, respectively. in addition, tal. stipitatus produced a new type of esterase (tsfaec) during growth on sugar beet pulp with a broader spectrum of activity (type-c) ag ...	2004	15006424
quality evaluation of sugar beet (beta vulgaris) by near-infrared spectroscopy.	the legal method (polarimetric measurement) for the determination of sucrose content and the wet chemical analysis for the quality control of sugar beet uses lead acetate. because heavy metals are pollutants, the law could forbid their use in the future. therefore, near-infrared spectroscopy (nirs) was evaluated as a procedure to replace these methods. however, there are alternatives to lead clarification, such as the use of aluminum salts, which have been applied at many sugar companies. the re ...	2004	14995097
transfer of resistance against the beet cyst nematode from radish (raphanus sativus) to rape (brassica napus) by monosomic chromosome addition.	in rape ( brassica napus), no resistance to the beet cyst nematode (bcn) heterodera schachtii is available. this study was carried out to determine the specific chromosome(s) of resistant radish ( raphanus sativus) carrying the gene(s) for nematode resistance as a prequisite to convert rape from a host into a trap crop for this pest. a raphanobrassica progeny of 25 plants was analyzed which segregated for all nine chromosomes of the raphanus genome in a genetic background of synthetic rape. the ...	2004	14991110
isolation from sugar beet cell walls of arabinan oligosaccharides esterified by two ferulic acid monomers.	side chains of sugar beet (beta vulgaris) pectins, which are mainly composed of arabinose (ara) and galactose (gal) residues, are esterified by ferulic acid units. enzymatic hydrolysis of beet cell walls yielded several feruloylated oligosaccharides, which were separated by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. two new oligomers were isolated in the fraction eluted by 25:75 (v/v) ethanol:water. an arabinotriose and an arabinotetraose esterified by two ferulic acid residues were obtained, and t ...	2004	14988480
lead removal by a natural polysaccharide in membrane reactors.	industrial wastewaters often contain heavy metal ions that are toxic to many living species. therefore, economic treatment methods are investigated, involving the sorption of metal ions onto wastes or natural materials. in the present work, the ability of sugar beet pulp, a common waste of the sugar industry, to remove pb2+ polluted waters is investigated. the kinetic and equilibrium experiments were performed in batch reactor in order to determine the pb2+ adsorption mechanisms onto the polysac ...	2004	14979552
effect of tinopal lpw on the insecticidal properties and genetic stability of the nucleopolyhedrovirus of spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae).	the influence of an optical brightener, tinopal lpw, on the activity of a purified genotype of the nucleopolyhedrovirus (semnpv) of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner), was determined in second to fifth instar (l2-l5) s. exigua. when mixed with viral occlusion bodies (ob) 1% tinopal lpw significantly reduced the median lethal dose (ld50) of the virus in all instars compared with insects treated with semnpv alone. levels of enhancement, as determined by ld50 values, ranged from 2.6- to ...	2003	14977102
analysis of methoxyfenozide residues in fruits, vegetables, and mint by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms).	methoxyfenozide [3-methoxy-2-methylbenzoic acid 2-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-2-(1,1-dimethylethyl) hydrazide; rh-2485], in the formulation of intrepid, was applied to various crops. analysis of methoxyfenozide was accomplished by utilizing liquid-liquid extraction and partitioning, followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms). method validations for fruits, vegetables, and mint are reported. methoxyfenozide mean recoveries ranged from 72 to 129% over three levels of fortifica ...	2004	14969514
[phosphorus esters in sugar beet].		1952	14926613
chromatographic analysis of amino-acids of molasses and other beet-sugar industry by-products.		1951	14910613
the fermentation of sugar-beet pulp silage.		1951	14908020
osmophilic yeast in raw beet and cane sugars and intermediate sugar-refining products.		1951	14908009
[peculiarities of carbohydrate metabolism in potato and sugar beet leaves and their role in coordination of function of the leave apparatus].		2008	14907184
[physiological and biochemical changes in leaves of beet hybrids].		1952	14906223
[effect of oxygen and other oxidation agents on oxidation-reduction potential in sugar beet tissue].		1951	14887580
occurrence of antifungal substances in barssica rapa, brassica oleracea and beta vulgaris.		1951	14882310
beet yellows virus.		1951	14875148
[respiration of sugar beet leaves during supply of nitrate and ammonium].		2007	14848086
[an evaluation of contact insecticides in outdoor tests against the beet weevil (bothynoderes punctiventris)].		1951	14833917
[influence of the present sugar beet policy on alcoholism in france].		1951	14832579
[effect of ph of sugar beet molasses on the content of fermenting and non-fermenting sugars].		1950	14815385
anthocyaninuria and beet allergy.		2006	14800149
[organic acids in the cation-anion balance of tissue of the sugar beet].		1951	14793431
a new virus affecting mangolds, sugar-beet and related plants.		1950	14786507
an inhibitor of salt absorption in root tissue of red beet.		1950	14780275
a germination inhibitor from sugar beet.		1950	14775708
beet sensitivity: allergic reactions from the ingestion of beet sugar (sucrose) and monosodium glutamate of beet origin.		1950	14774619
adsorption of sugar beet herbicides to finnish soils.	three sugar beet herbicides, ethofumesate, phenmedipham and metamitron, are currently used on conventional sugar beet cultivation, while new varieties of herbicide resistant (hr) sugar beet, tolerant of glyphosate or glufosinate-ammonium, are under field testing in finland. little knowledge has so far been available on the adsorption of these herbicides to finnish soils. the adsorption of these five herbicides was studied using the batch equilibrium method in 21 soil samples collected from diffe ...	2004	14761694
purification and characterization of a latent polyphenol oxidase from beet root (beta vulgaris l.).	polyphenol oxidase (ppo) has been extracted from beet root, in both soluble and membrane fractions. in both cases, the enzyme was in its latent state, and it was activated by sodium dodecyl sulfate. ppo was purified to apparent homogeneity. the soluble ppo purification was achieved by hydrophobic interaction chromatography and gel filtration chromatography, with apparent molecular mass of 55 kda. the membrane ppo purification was achieved by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration with ...	2004	14759157
coffee ringspot virus vectored by brevipalpus phoenicis (acari: tenuipalpidae) in coffee.	coffee ringspot is characterized by conspicuous ringspot symptoms on leaves, berries, and less frequently on twigs. it is caused by coffee ringspot virus (corsv), a short, bacilliform virus (40 nm x 100-110 nm). the virus is not seed borne and is transmitted by brevipalpus phoenicis (geijskes). transovarial transmission within the mite does not occur. corsv has been mechanically transmitted to chenopodium amaranticolor coste and reynaud, c. quinoa wildenow, beta vulgaris l., and alternanthera te ...	2003	14756417
action of major insecticide groups on insect cell lines of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, compared with larvicidal toxicity.	in a first series of experiments, the biological response of a continuous cell line of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, was tested with different groups of insecticides with different modes of actions: acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, acetycholine receptor agonists, inhibitors and uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, site i electron transport inhibitors, gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor inhibitors, chitin synthesis inhibitors, and juvenile hormone analogues. from the concentration respo ...	2006	14753848
construction of a binary bac library for an apomictic monosomic addition line of beta corolliflora in sugar beet and identification of the clones derived from the alien chromosome.	a plant-transformation-competent binary bac library was constructed from the genomic dna of the chromosome 9 monosomic addition line of beta corolliflora zoss. in sugar beet ( b. vulgaris. l). this monosomic addition line (designated m14) is characterized by diplosporic reproduction caused by the alien chromosome carrying the gene(s) responsible for diplospory. the library consists of 49,920 clones with an average insert size of 127 kb, representing approximately 7.5 haploid genome equivalents a ...	2004	14749846
the absence of tir-type resistance gene analogues in the sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) genome.	the majority of known plant resistance genes encode proteins with conserved nucleotide-binding sites and leucine-rich repeats (nbs-lrr). degenerate primers based on conserved nbs-lrr motifs were used to amplify analogues of resistance genes from the dicot sugar beet. along with a cdna library screen, the pcr screen identified 27 genomic and 12 expressed nbs-lrr rgas (nlrgas) sugar beet clones. the clones were classified into three subfamilies based on nucleotide sequence identity. sequence analy ...	2004	14743313
production of beta-carotene from beet molasses by blakeslea trispora in stirred-tank and bubble column reactors: development of a mathematical modeling.	the effect of aeration rate and agitation speed on beta-carotene production from molasses by blakeslea trispora in a stirred-tank fermentor and optimization of the production of the pigment in a bubble column reactor were investigated. in addition, a central composite design was employed to determine the maximum beta-carotene concentration at optimum values for the process variables (aeration rate, sugar concentration, linoleic acid, kerosene). by image analysis of the morphology of the fungus, ...	2004	14734837
a plasma membrane protein from zea mays binds with the herbivore elicitor volicitin.	volicitin (17-hydroxylinolenoyl-l-gln) present in the regurgitant of spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm caterpillars) activates the emission of volatile organic compounds (vocs) when in contact with damaged zea mays cv delprim (maize) leaves. voc emissions in turn serve as a signaling defense for the plant by attracting female parasitic wasps that prey on herbivore larvae. a tritiated form of volicitin was synthesized and shown to induce volatiles in the same fashion as the biological form. [(3)h] ...	2004	14729912
penicillin derivatives induce chemical structure-dependent root development, and application for plant transformation.	we investigated five penicillin derivatives that are popularly used for transformation experiments with agrobacterium rhizogenes-penicillin g, carbenicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin and cephalexin-for their effects on the growth and morphology of beta vulgaris, capsicum annuum and glehnia littoralis roots. attention was given to the relationship between their chemical structures and functions. ampicillin was found to stimulate root elongation but inhibit root branching, whereas carbenicillin inh ...	2004	14727052
molecular profiling of microbial communities associated with seeds of beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris (sugar beet).	the composition of microbial communities on and within seeds may effect their storage and field performance, whether they are indigenous or applied as biocontrol agents. in this study, we have explored the usefulness of profiling small subunit ribosomal (ssr) gene fragments for studying the microflora associated with seeds. dna was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and the amplicons separated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge). primers targeting eukaryotic ssrs w ...	2004	14706747
rice bran stabilization and rice bran oil extraction using ohmic heating.	ohmic heating has been shown to increase the extraction yields of sucrose from sugar beets, apple juice from apples, beet dye from beet root, and soymilk from soybeans. rice bran is a byproduct of the rice milling process that has economic potential by virtue of highly nutritious rice bran oil contained within the bran. in this study, ohmic heating was used to stabilize rice bran and to improve rice bran oil extraction yield as compared to microwave heating and a control (no heating). results sh ...	2004	14693448
in situ translocation of volicitin by beet armyworm larvae to maize and systemic immobility of the herbivore elicitor in planta.	volicitin (n-[17-hydroxylinolenoyl]-l glutamine) present in the regurgitant of beet armyworm (spodoptera exigua) activates the emissions of volatile organic compounds (vocs) when in contact with damaged corn (zea mays l.) leaves. voc emission in turn serves as a signaling defense for the plant by attracting female parasitic wasps that prey on herbivore larvae. chemical tracking of volicitin within plants has yet to be reported. here we present biochemical data that beet armyworm regurgitant serv ...	2004	14685859
volatile emissions triggered by multiple herbivore damage: beet armyworm and whitefly feeding on cotton plants.	plants are commonly attacked by more than one species of herbivore, potentially causing the induction of multiple, and possibly competing, plant defense systems. in the present paper, we determined the interaction between feeding by the phloem feeder silverleaf whitefly (swf), bemisia tabaci gennadius (b-biotype = b. argentifolii bellows and perring), and the leaf-chewing beet armyworm (baw), spodoptera exigua hübner, with regard to the induction of volatile compounds from cotton plants. compare ...	2003	14682532
suppression of rhizoctonia solani diseases of sugar beet by antagonistic and plant growth-promoting yeasts.	isolates of candida valida, rhodotorula glutinis and trichosporon asahii from the rhizosphere of sugar beet in egypt were examined for their ability to colonize roots, to promote plant growth and to protect sugar beet from rhizoctonia solani ag-2-2 diseases, under glasshouse conditions.	2004	14678160
cloning of the pela gene from bacillus licheniformis 14a and biochemical characterization of recombinant, thermostable, high-alkaline pectate lyase.	the pectate lyase gene pela from alkaliphilic bacillus licheniformis strain 14a was cloned and sequenced. the nucleotide sequence corresponded to an open reading frame of 1,026 bp that codes for a 39 amino acid signal peptide and a mature protein with a molecular mass of 33,451 da. the mature pela showed significant homology to other pectate lyases belonging to polysaccharide lyase family 1, such as enzymes from different bacillus spp. and erwinia chrysanthemi. the pela gene was expressed in esc ...	2004	14673544
pelleted beet pulp substituted for high-moisture corn: 3. effects on ruminal fermentation, ph, and microbial protein efficiency in lactating dairy cows.	the effects of increasing concentrations of dried, pelleted beet pulp substituted for high-moisture corn on ruminal fermentation, ph, and microbial efficiency were evaluated using eight ruminally and duodenally cannulated multiparous holstein cows in a duplicated 4 x 4 latin square design with 21-d periods. cows were 79 +/- 17 (mean +/- sd) dim at the beginning of the experiment. experimental diets with 40% forage (corn silage and alfalfa silage) and 60% concentrate contained 0, 6.1, 12.1, or 24 ...	2003	14672186
pelleted beet pulp substituted for high-moisture corn: 2. effects on digestion and ruminal digestion kinetics in lactating dairy cows.	the effects of increasing concentrations of dried, pelleted beet pulp substituted for high-moisture corn on digestion and ruminal digestion kinetics were evaluated using eight ruminally and duodenally cannulated multiparous holstein cows in a duplicated 4 x 4 latin square design with 21-d periods. cows were 79 +/- 17 (mean +/- sd) d in milk at the beginning of the experiment. experimental diets with 40% forage (corn silage and alfalfa silage) and 60% concentrate contained 0, 6.1, 12.1, or 24.3% ...	2003	14672185
pelleted beet pulp substituted for high-moisture corn: 1. effects on feed intake, chewing behavior, and milk production of lactating dairy cows.	the effects of increasing concentrations of dried, pelleted beet pulp substituted for high-moisture corn on intake, milk production, and chewing behavior were evaluated using eight ruminally and duodenally cannulated multiparous holstein cows in a duplicated 4 x 4 latin square design with 21-d periods. cows were 79 +/- 17 (mean +/- sd) d in milk at the beginning of the experiment. experimental diets with 40% forage (corn silage and alfalfa silage) and 60% concentrate contained 0, 6.1, 12.1, or 2 ...	2003	14672184
linking fluorescence induction curve and biomass in herbicide screening.	a suite of dose-response bioassays with white mustard (sinapis alba l) and sugar beet (beta vulgaris l) in the greenhouse and with three herbicides was used to analyse how the fluorescence induction curves (kautsky curves) were affected by the herbicides. bentazone, a photosystem ii (psii) inhibitor, completely blocked the normal fluorescence decay after the p-step. in contrast, fluorescence decay was still obvious for flurochloridone, a pds inhibitor, and glyphosate, an epsp inhibitor, which in ...	2003	14667052
induction, purification, and characterization of two extracellular alpha-l-arabinofuranosidases from fusarium oxysporum.	in the presence of l-arabinose as sole carbon source, fusarium oxysporum produces two alpha-l-arabinofuranosidases (abfs) named abf1 and abf2, with molecular masses of 200 and 180 kda, respectively. the two f. oxysporum proteins have been purified to homogeneity. the purified enzymes are composed of three equal subunits and are neutral proteins with pis of 6.0 and 7.3 for abf1 and abf2, respectively. with p-nitrophenyl alpha-l-arabinofuranoside (pnpa) as the substrate, abf1 and abf2 exhibited km ...	2003	14663498
[inheritance and expression of gametophyte gene adh-p causing modification of alcohol dehydrogenase in pollen grains of the beet (beta vulgaris l.)].	an additional alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) activity zone denoted adh-p ("pollen") has a slightly lower mobility than the major protein adh1 (the product of structural locus adh1). this zone is detected in maturing and mature pollen grains and has not been found in any other tissue. adh-p is detected by electrophoresis in a neutral medium (at ph 7.0-7.2). in an alkaline medium (ph > 8), protein adh-p is completely inactivated, whereas protein adh1 retains its activity. adh-p is a modified variant ...	2003	14658337
population genetic structure of the sugar beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii: a gonochoristic and amphimictic species with highly inbred but weakly differentiated populations.	the sugar beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii is a soil-dwelling phytoparasitic nematode that feeds on beet roots. it is an important pest in most sugar beet growing areas, and better knowledge of its genetic variability is an important step to preserve the durability of resistant sugar beet varieties. the population genetic structure of this species in northern france was studied using five microsatellite markers. a hierarchical sampling design was used to investigate spatial structuring at ...	2004	14653786
oxidative burst elicited by bacillus mycoides isolate bac j, a biological control agent, occurs independently of hypersensitive cell death in sugar beet.	response of sugar beet cultivars c40 and ush11 to syringe infiltration of live and dead bacillus mycoides isolate bac j, a biological control agent, and virulent and avirulent isolates of erwinia carotovora pv. betavasculorum was measured by monitoring systemic acquired resistance control of cercospora beticola, specific activity of chitinase and beta-glucanase, the oxidative burst, and hypersensitive cell death at the infiltration site. priming sugar beet with b. mycoides bac j (1 x 10(8) cells ...	2003	14651348
oat cover cropping and soil insecticides in an integrated sugarbeet root maggot (diptera: otitidae) management program.	sugarbeet, beta vulgaris l., producers occasionally establish cereal cover crops to minimize early-season soil erosion, wind abrasion, and mechanical injury of seedlings. we evaluated the use of living oat, avena sativa l., cover cropping as a cultural tactic to minimize feeding injury from sugarbeet root maggot, tetanops myopaeformis (röder), larvae at five field sites during 1996, 1998, and 1999. sweep-net sampling yielded 4.8-, 11.2-, and 7.2-fold more flies from oat cover-cropped chlorpyrifo ...	2003	14650515
posterior midgut and hindgut are both sites of acquisition of cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus in myzus persicae and aphis gossypii.	members of the family luteoviridae ('luteovirids') rely strictly on aphid vectors for plant-to-plant transmission. this interaction operates according to a persistent and circulative manner, which implies that the virions are being endocytosed and exocytosed across two epithelial barriers (alimentary tract and accessory salivary glands) in the vector's body. in several luteovirid-aphid vector species combinations, the route of virions in the insect has been investigated ultrastructurally by tran ...	2003	14645929
genes encoding a cellulosic polymer contribute toward the ecological success of pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25 on plant surfaces.	pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25 is a gram-negative bacterium that grows in close association with plants. in common with a broad range of functionally similar bacteria it plays an important role in the turnover of organic matter and certain isolates can promote plant growth. despite its environmental significance, the causes of its ecological success are poorly understood. here we describe the development and application of a simple promoter trapping strategy (ivet) to identify p. fluorescens sbw2 ...	2003	14629390
the effects of repeated applications of the molluscicide metaldehyde and the biocontrol nematode phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita on molluscs, earthworms, nematodes, acarids and collembolans: a two-year study in north-west spain.	over two years, six consecutive field experiments were done in which the chemical molluscicide metaldehyde and the nematode biocontrol agent phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita (schneider) were applied at the standard field rates to replicated mini-plots successively planted with lettuce, brussels sprouts, leaf beet and cabbage, to compare the effectiveness of different treatments in reducing slug damage to the crops. soil samples from each plot were taken prior to the start of the experiments, and th ...	2003	14620048
toxicity and kinetics of methoxyfenozide in greenhouse-selected spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae).	methoxyfenozide (rh-2485) was found to be 7.5-fold less toxic in terms of ld50 values against last-instar larvae of a greenhouse-selected strain of the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua (hübner) that was collected in july 2001 in an experimental greenhouse for resistance at murcia in southern spain, in comparison with a laboratory susceptible strain. to date, the compound is the newest member of this new group of moulting hormone accelerating igrs to reach the marketplace against lepidoptera. to u ...	2003	14620046
unexpected presence of fructan 6-exohydrolases (6-fehs) in non-fructan plants: characterization, cloning, mass mapping and functional analysis of a novel "cell-wall invertase-like" specific 6-feh from sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.).	about 15% of flowering plant species synthesize fructans. fructans serve mainly as reserve carbohydrates and are subject to breakdown by plant fructan exohydrolases (fehs), among which 1-fehs (inulinases) and 6-fehs (levanases) can be differentiated. this paper describes the unexpected finding that 6-fehs also occur in plants that do not synthesize fructans. the purification, characterization, cloning and functional analysis of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) 6-feh are described. enzyme activity m ...	2003	14617070
typing of anastomosis groups of rhizoctonia solani by restriction analysis of ribosomal dna.	a method based on restriction analysis of polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-amplified ribosomal dna was developed for the rapid characterization of large populations of rhizoctonia solani at the anastomosis group (ag) level. the restriction maps of the internal transcribed spacers (its) sequences were compared for 219 isolates of r. solani belonging to ag-1 to ag-12 and ag-bi, representing diverse geographic and host range origins. four discriminant restriction enzymes (msei, avaii, hincii, and mu ...	2003	14608422
effects of dietary amino acid balance on the response of dairy cows to an increase of milking frequency from twice to three times daily.	an experiment was conducted to examine how the response of dairy cows to a change from twice to three times-daily milking is affected by deficiencies in the dietary supplies of three amino acids, his, met, and lys. six cows were used in a 6 x 6 latin square with 14-d periods. the three dietary treatments were: grass silage and a cereal-based supplement containing feather meal as the sole protein supplement; the same silage-cereal diet supplying similar amounts of metabolizable and rumen-undegrad ...	2003	14594249
effects of drought stressed cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., on beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner), oviposition, and larval feeding preferences and growth.	the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner), has been anecdotally reported to oviposit more on drought stressed than on nonstressed cotton plants. using potted cotton plants in cages, this study demonstrated that beet armyworms deposited 3.3, 4.6, and 2.3 times more (p < or = 0.05) eggs on cotton plants that were grown on 1500, 1000, and 750 ml water/wk, respectively, than on cotton plants grown in well watered (4000 ml water/wk) soil. third instars, however, showed no preference for stressed ...	2003	14584672
[genetic control of morphological characters of the beet (beta vulgaris l.)].	a brief review of theoretical and practical results of investigation of genetical control of a number of traits of beet, including self-incompatibility, monogerm-multigerm, cytoplasmic male sterility and some others is presented. data concerning linkage groups of individual genes, determining morphological and biochemical traits are demonstrated.	2010	14569625
karyological characterization of sugar beet gynogenetic lines cultured in vitro.	flow cytometry was used to screen ploidy levels in 47 cultured in vitro sugar beet gynogenetic lines of various origin and age, obtained after plant regeneration from unfertilized ovules. when donor plants were diploid, the majority of regenerants were found to have cells with 1c, 2c and 4c relative dna content (mainly haploid and diploid) and there were large differences in the rate of spontaneous in vitro chromosome doubling between individual homozygous lines. six ovule-derived lines regenera ...	2001	14564060
responses of plants and invertebrate trophic groups to contrasting herbicide regimes in the farm scale evaluations of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops.	effects of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (gmht) and conventional crop management on invertebrate trophic groups (herbivores, detritivores, pollinators, predators and parasitoids) were compared in beet, maize and spring oilseed rape sites throughout the uk. these trophic groups were influenced by season, crop species and gmht management. many groups increased twofold to fivefold in abundance between early and late summer, and differed up to 10-fold between crop species. gmht management ...	2003	14561321
invertebrates and vegetation of field margins adjacent to crops subject to contrasting herbicide regimes in the farm scale evaluations of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops.	the effects of management of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (gmht) crops on adjacent field margins were assessed for 59 maize, 66 beet and 67 spring oilseed rape sites. fields were split into halves, one being sown with a gmht crop and the other with the equivalent conventional non-gmht crop. margin vegetation was recorded in three components of the field margins. most differences were in the tilled area, with fewer smaller effects mirroring them in the verge and boundary. in spring oil ...	2003	14561320
invertebrate responses to the management of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant and conventional spring crops. ii. within-field epigeal and aerial arthropods.	the effects of the management of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (gmht) crops on the abundances of aerial and epigeal arthropods were assessed in 66 beet, 68 maize and 67 spring oilseed rape sites as part of the farm scale evaluations of gmht crops. most higher taxa were insensitive to differences between gmht and conventional weed management, but significant effects were found on the abundance of at least one group within each taxon studied. numbers of butterflies in beet and spring oil ...	2003	14561319
invertebrate responses to the management of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant and conventional spring crops. i. soil-surface-active invertebrates.	the effects of herbicide management of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (gmht) beet, maize and spring oilseed rape on the abundance and diversity of soil-surface-active invertebrates were assessed. most effects did not differ between years, environmental zones or initial seedbanks or between sugar and fodder beet. this suggests that the results may be treated as generally applicable to agricultural situations throughout the uk for these crops. the direction of the effects was evenly balan ...	2003	14561318
weeds in fields with contrasting conventional and genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops. ii. effects on individual species.	we compared the effects of the management of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (gmht) and conventional beet, maize and spring oilseed rape on 12 weed species. we sampled the seedbank before and after cropping. during the season we counted plants and measured seed rain and biomass. ratios of densities were used to calculate emergence, survival, reproduction and seedbank change. treatments significantly affected the biomass of six species in beet, eight in maize and five in spring oilseed ra ...	2003	14561317
weeds in fields with contrasting conventional and genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops. i. effects on abundance and diversity.	we compared the seedbanks, seed rains, plant densities and biomasses of weeds under two contrasting systems of management in beet, maize and spring oilseed rape. weed seedbank and plant density were measured at the same locations in two subsequent seasons. about 60 fields were sown with each crop. each field was split, one half being sown with a conventional variety managed according to the farmer's normal practice, the other half being sown with a genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (gmht) ...	2003	14561316
crop management and agronomic context of the farm scale evaluations of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops.	the farm scale evaluations of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops (gmht) were conducted in the uk from 2000 to 2002 on beet (sugar and fodder), spring oilseed rape and forage maize. the management of the crops studied is described and compared with current conventional commercial practice. the distribution of field sites adequately represented the areas currently growing these crops, and the sample contained sites operated at a range of management intensities, including low intensity. ...	2003	14561315
on the rationale and interpretation of the farm scale evaluations of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops.	farmland biodiversity and food webs were compared in conventional and genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (gmht) crops of beet (beta vulgaris l.), maize (zea mays l.) and both spring and winter oilseed rape (brassica napus l.). gmht and conventional varieties were sown in a split-field experimental design, at 60-70 sites for each crop, spread over three starting years beginning in 2000. this paper provides a background to the study and the rationale for its design and interpretation. it show ...	2003	14561314
use of chitin measurement to estimate fungal biomass in solid state fermentation.	twenty-two strains of twelve species of deuteromycotina: hyphomycetes were studied. most of them had a variable glucosamine amount (standard deviation higher than 5%). however, if we consider that the amount of glucosamine is constant, the accuracy of the method remains satisfactory (10% instead of 5%, which is the accuracy of the chitin hydrolysis and colorimetric glucosamine measurement). so, by means of this measurement, the fungal growth kinetics could be followed on different solid media (v ...	1993	14545686
continuous biogas production from fodder beet silage as sole substrate.	since april 2000 a two-step anaerobic plant with two subsequent 500 m3 reactors has been producing biogas from fodder beet silage (ph 3.4-4.1) as the sole substrate. the plant is located at kirchlengern near bielefeld, germany. initially the reactors were inoculated with swine manure at 37 degrees c. after a start-up phase the process was sustained at ph 7.5-8.0 by feeding the silage as sole substrate with an hrt of about 55 d twice a day. parallel to the biogas plant at kirchlengern four one-st ...	2003	14531447
ecology and epidemiology of benyviruses and plasmodiophorid vectors.	beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) and beet soilborne mosaic virus (bsbmv) are members of the genus benyvirus, and burdock mottle virus (bdmv) is a tentative member. bnyvv and bsbmv are vectored by the plasmodiophorid polymyxa betae, which has a worldwide distribution. polymyxa betae is morphologically indistinguishable from p. graminis, but recent molecular studies support separation of the two species. the geographic distribution of bnyvv is also worldwide, but bsbmv has been identified o ...	2003	14527334
protein phosphorylation plays a key role in sucrose-mediated transcriptional regulation of a phloem-specific proton-sucrose symporter.	assimilate partitioning refers to the systemic distribution of sugars and amino acids from sites of primary assimilation (source tissue) to import-dependent tissues and organs (sinks). one of the defining questions in this area is how plants balance source productivity with sink demand. recent results from our laboratory showed that sucrose transport activity is directly proportional to the transcription rate of the phloem-specific proton-sucrose symporter bvsut1 in beta vulgaris l. moreover, sy ...	2003	14520575