Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| cyclosporin treatment for ulcerative colitis complicated by fatal pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1997 | 9040337 | |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia masquerading as tuberculosis. | recent laboratory studies indicate that genetic diversity exists in human strains of pneumocystis carinii. structural and functional variability in infecting strains could result in differences in host-parasite interactions and the natural history of p carinii pneumonia. we report 5 unusual cases in which the clinical presentation mimicked tuberculosis. all patients were cared for at a university-based public hospital clinic in los angeles, calif, during a 2-year period. these patients were chro ... | 1997 | 9040304 |
| light and electron microscopy study of carbohydrate antigens found in the electron-lucent layer of pneumocystis carinii cysts. | the localization and biochemical nature of antigens found in the electron-lucent layer (ell) of pneumocystis carinii cysts using polyclonal rabbit antibodies are described. these antigens, specific for the cystic stages of the parasite, were shared by organisms from different hosts, suggesting that they represent functionally important components of the cyst cell wall. the binding sites were situated on an interwoven net of fibrils in the ell produced by mild to strong proteolysis. degradation o ... | 1997 | 9039701 |
| expression of the alpha 5 beta 1 fibronectin receptor on t lymphocytes of patients with hiv-1 infection. | to evaluate the expression of the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin fibronectin receptor (fnr), which mediates several processes, including phagocytosis, cell motility and the immune response, on t lymphocytes of patients with hiv-1 infection. | 1996 | 9038757 |
| simple detection of the 5s ribosomal rna of pneumocystis carinii using in situ hybridisation. | to investigate the effectiveness of digoxigenin incorporated double stranded dna probes produced by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), for the detection of pneumocystis carinii, using in situ hybridisation (ish). | 1996 | 9038753 |
| terminology changes needed for descriptions of pneumocystis carinii infection. | 1997 | 9038331 | |
| [pneumocystis infection in a non-immunocompromised patient]. | pneumocystis is typically described in the immunodepressed. we report a case of pneumocystis occurring in a patient without known depression of the immune system. the patient, aged 50, was hospitalised for a diffused infiltration pneumonia which developed sub-acutely, and presented with increasing dyspnoea of effort, thoracic pain and a disturbances of general health. the initial assessment did not reveal any risk factors for hiv infection nor any past history of note. the diagnosis of pneumocys ... | 1996 | 9036508 |
| exacerbation of murine pneumocystis carinii infection by adenoviral-mediated gene transfer of a tnf inhibitor. | the role of mononuclear phagocytes and their cytokine products in host defense against pneumocystis carinii (pc) remains unclear. the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (tnf) has been proposed as critical for host defense against this pathogen. to investigate the role of this cytokine in pc infection, we treated immunocompetent mice (cd4+) or mice depleted of cd4 lymphocytes (cd4-) with a recombinant adenovirus encoding a tnf inhibitor gene (adtnf-r). adtnf-r treated cd4+ animals displayed delayed c ... | 1997 | 9032117 |
| tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated host defense against pneumocystis carinii. | 1997 | 9032116 | |
| immune restoration by fetal pig thymus grafts in t cell-depleted, thymectomized mice. | donor-specific tolerance can be induced across a discordant xenogeneic barrier in t/nk cell-depleted, thymectomized (atx) b10 mice by grafting of fetal pig thymic and liver tissue (fp thy/liv) under the kidney capsule. we have now examined the phenotype and function of murine t cells that develop in fp thy/liv grafts in these mice. mouse cd4+ t cells reached normal levels in pbl by 14 wk, and were maintained up to 30 wk. similar proportions of splenic cd4+ cells expressed the naive phenotype (cd ... | 1997 | 9029100 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in dogs--a diagnostic challenge. | 1996 | 9026071 | |
| effect of charcoal hemoperfusion on clearance of pentamidine isethionate after accidental overdose. | pentamidine isethionate is an antimicrobial agent effective in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis. severe and fatal toxicity is reported with pentamidine use. | 1997 | 9022658 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with high levels of serum kl-6]. | in may 1995, a 52-year-old man complaining of fever and dyspnea was admitted to a hospital. based on clinical and radiographic findings, hypersensitivity pneumonitis was suspected. steroid pulse therapy was unsuccessful, and he was then transferred to our hospital. a chest x-ray film showed bilateral ground-glass shadows and a high-resolution ct scan showed cystic air spaces. the number of cd4-positive lymphocytes in peripheral blood was very low. a test for anti-human immunodeficiency virus ant ... | 1996 | 9022332 |
| encephalitozoon cuniculi microsporidiosis: infection of the brain, heart, kidneys, trachea, adrenal glands, and urinary bladder in a patient with aids. | a female aids patient, dying with widely disseminated encephalitozoon cuniculi microsporidiosis, cytomegalovirus (cmv) disease, and pneumocystis carinii infection, is described. indirect immunofluorescent antibody staining studies and molecular analyses identified the microsporidian as the dog strain of e. cuniculi. autopsy revealed necrotizing microsporidiosis of the adrenal glands and kidneys, with lesser involvement of the brain, heart, trachea, urinary bladder, spleen, and lymph nodes. cellu ... | 1997 | 9021729 |
| diarylsulfones, a novel class of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase inhibitors. | a majority of reported human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase (hiv-1 in) inhibitors are polyhydroxylated aromatic compounds containing two phenyl rings separated by aliphatic or aromatic linkers. most inhibitors possessing a catechol moiety exhibit considerable toxicity in cellular assays. in an effort to identify nonhydroxylated analogs, a series of aromatic sulfones were tested for their ability to inhibit the 3' processing and strand transfer steps that are necessary for hiv replicatio ... | 1997 | 9021196 |
| a cytotoxicity assay for evaluation of candidate anti-pneumocystis carinii agents. | a series of over 60 agents representing several different classes of compounds were evaluated for their effects on the atp pools of pneumocystis carinii populations derived from immunosuppressed rats. a cytotoxicity assay based on an atp-driven bioluminescent reaction was used to determine the concentration of agent which decreased the p. carinii atp pools by 50% versus untreated controls (ic50). a ranking system based on the ic50 value was devised for comparison of relative responses among the ... | 1997 | 9021195 |
| immunodeficient and immunosuppressed mice as models to test anti-pneumocystis carinii drugs. | congenitally immunodeficient and immunosuppressed normal mice with naturally acquired pneumocystis carinii infection were compared as models for testing anti-p. carinii drugs. among the immunodeficient mice, mice with severe combined immunodeficiency disease (scid), which lack b and t cells, had higher levels of p. carinii pneumonia than did micromt mice, which lack k cells. normal mice administered dexamethasone in the drinking water had more extensive pneumocystosis than mice administered pare ... | 1997 | 9021175 |
| clinically used antimicrobial drugs against experimental pneumocystosis, singly and in combination: analysis of drug interactions and efficacies. | we analyzed single drugs and combinations of drugs used clinically in the treatment of opportunistic infections and other conditions for their activities against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunosuppressed rats. when they were used alone, atovaquone, rifabutin, and dapsone were more active than clarithromycin or trimethoprim. drug combinations were evaluated for synergistic activity by an analysis of variance model for two-way factorial experiments and a response surface model. atovaquone ... | 1997 | 9021174 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia simulating as pulmonary tuberculosis in aids. | the case of a 25-year-old male agricultural laborer with hiv infection and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is described, whose radiological lesions simulated pulmonary tuberculosis. he presented with loss of weight and appetite of 6 months' duration, cough with expectoration and minimal hemoptysis for 2 months, chest pain, diarrhea with fever, and odonophasia for 1 month. he had received antitubercular treatment (rifampicin 450 mg and isoniazid 300 mg) 2 months prior to admission. he had ... | 1996 | 9018980 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients in bombay: diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage cytology and transbronchial lung biopsy. | we report pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage cytology and transbronchial lung biopsy in three out of five human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) positive adult patients presenting with interstitial pneumonitis. one of these patients was serologically positive for hiv at the time of presentation and the remaining two patients were detected to be hiv positive on follow up after the diagnosis had been established. all the three patients were treated with co-trimoxa ... | 1996 | 9018976 |
| interpretation of chest radiographs in aids patients: usefulness of cd4 lymphocyte counts. | specific infections and neoplasms that are complications of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) occur within various cd4 lymphocyte count ranges. knowledge of how these counts correlate with radiographic appearances of these entities can limit the differential diagnosis because certain conditions are uncommon above a specific count. in patients with cd4 lymphocyte counts above 200 cells/mm3 and radiographic findings of cavitary and noncavitary consolidation, bacterial pneumonia and mycobac ... | 1997 | 9017798 |
| inhibition of self-splicing group i intron rna: high-throughput screening assays. | high-throughput screening assays have been developed to rapidly identify small molecule inhibitors targeting catalytic group i introns. biochemical reactions catalyzed by a self-splicing group i intron derived from pneumocystis carinii or from bacteriophage t4 have been investigated. in vitro biochemical assays amenable to high-throughput screening have been established. small molecules that inhibit the functions of group i introns have been identified. these inhibitors should be useful in bette ... | 1996 | 9016680 |
| pneumocystis carinii. | improved understanding of pneumocystis carinii, in particular the widespread use of chemoprophylaxis, has resulted in a declining incidence of infection in patients infected with hiv since the late 1980s. despite these advances, p. carinii pneumonia continues to represent an important cause of pulmonary disease in hiv-seropositive individuals who do not receive chemoprophylaxis or when breakthrough episodes occur. this article reviews the history, biology, clinical manifestations, prognostic mar ... | 1996 | 9016371 |
| ophthalmic complications of hiv/aids. | as a result of improved treatment and patient survival, ophthalmic complications are now being seen with increasing frequency in aids, occurring in up to 75% of patients during the course of the disease. the eye may be involved by an aids-related microvasculopathy, which gives rise to cotton wool spots, and by opportunistic infections caused by a wide range of organisms, including cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster, toxoplasma gondii, mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, trep ... | 1996 | 9015465 |
| major histocompatibility complex class ii deficiency: a clinical review. | major histocompatibility complex class ii deficiency or bare lymphocyte syndrome is a rare combined immunodeficiency that accounts for 5% of all cases of severe combined immunodeficiency. the syndrome is characterized by a lack of human leucocyte antigen class ii gene expression, absence of cellular and humoral t-cell immune response to foreign antigens, and impaired antibody productions, resulting in extreme susceptibility to viral, bacterial and fungal infections. in some patients, there is a ... | 1996 | 9012922 |
| [sex differences in disease course: analysis of the swiss hiv cohort study]. | the swiss hiv cohort study (shcs) is a prospective multicentre study of hiv-infected adults. participants have been followed up at six-monthly intervals since 1988. the purpose of the present study was to examine sex differences in developing aids-defining events and in survival among participants of the shcs (1042 women, 1507 men). a statistically significant higher risk of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was evident among women. this difference was particularly pronounced in 1989 (hazard ... | 1996 | 9011933 |
| [infectious complications of lung and heart-lung transplantation]. | thanks to a simplification of surgical techniques, single or double lung transplants have expanded significantly in latter years. infection remains an important cause for morbidity and mortality, more so in early rather than late stages. bacterial infections cause approximately fifty per cent of all infections. they can be prevented in part by prophylaxis. infections to cmv have become less frequent thanks to adequate prophylaxis with ganciclovir. herpetic infections are prevented by acyclovir o ... | 1996 | 9011910 |
| [pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii in a drug addict without evidence of hiv infection]. | 1996 | 9011212 | |
| drug treatment of hiv-related opportunistic infections. | the aids epidemic has led to the emergence of several disease entities which in the pre-aids era were rare or seemingly innocuous. experience of treating these diseases varies. in some instances, such as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, there is an abundance of published literature to direct our course of action. however, for many of these newly recognised diseases our treatment experience is limited. furthermore, in many instances, well controlled trials evaluating treatment modalities in the ai ... | 1997 | 9010648 |
| role of gamma interferon in the host immune and inflammatory responses to pneumocystis carinii infection. | the role of gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) in host defense to pneumocystis carinii was investigated by use of three different murine models of infection. c57bl/6 scid/scid (severe combined immunodeficient [scid]) mice were given intratracheal inoculations of p. carinii and reconstituted with splenocytes from either mice with disrupted ifn-gamma genes (ifn-gamma-/- mice) or homozygous wild-type (ifn-gamma+/+) mice. unreconstituted scid mice had log10 7.08 +/- 0.13 p. carinii nuclei in their lungs a ... | 1997 | 9009285 |
| paclitaxel and simultaneous radiation in the treatment of stage iiia/b non-small cell lung cancer. | in a clinical phase ii trial, escalating doses of paclitaxel (taxol; bristol-myers squibb company, princeton, nj) were given with concurrent radiation to patients with stage iiia/b non-small cell lung cancer. radiotherapy was given in daily doses of 2 gy, 5 days a week, in weeks 1 through 3 and 6 through 8. paclitaxel was given on day 1 of weeks 1 through 3 and 6 through 8, at a starting dose level of 50 mg/m2. subsequent paclitaxel dose levels were 60, 72, 86, and 103 mg/m2. three to six patien ... | 1996 | 9007135 |
| biodiversity of pneumocystis carinii hominis: typing with different dna regions. | the purpose of this study was to identify the most useful gene for the detection of biodiversity of pneumocystis carinii hominis isolates and to compare samples from french and italian subjects. we studied 20 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens from 20 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients (10 french and 10 italian patients) with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by dna sequencing of the thymidylate synthase (ts), 5s rrna, large-subunit mitochondrial rrna (mt lsu rrna), and internal tra ... | 1997 | 9003601 |
| respiratory disease trends in the pulmonary complications of hiv infection study cohort. pulmonary complications of hiv infection study group. | we examined trends in the incidence of specific respiratory disorders in a multicenter cohort with progressive human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) disease during a 5-yr period. individuals with a wide range of hiv disease severity belonging to three transmission categories were evaluated at regular intervals and for episodic respiratory symptoms using standard diagnostic algorithms. yearly incidence rates of respiratory diagnoses were assessed in the cohort as a whole and according to cd4 count o ... | 1997 | 9001292 |
| intensive care of patients with hiv infection: utilization, critical illnesses, and outcomes. pulmonary complications of hiv infection study group. | to examine intensive care unit (icu) admission rates and diagnoses of patients with hiv infection, and to determine the outcomes of different critical illnesses, we analyzed data derived from the 63 patients who were admitted to an icu from among the 1,130 adults with hiv infection who did not have aids at the time of enrollment in a multicenter prospective study. patients were admitted and treated according to the judgment of their physicians. during 4,298 patient-years of follow-up for the ent ... | 1997 | 9001291 |
| predictors of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected persons. pulmonary complications of hiv infection study group. | the pulmonary complications of hiv infection study is a prospective, multicenter, observational study evaluating pulmonary disease among hiv-infected persons. for approximately 52 mo, 1,182 hiv-infected subjects were followed. all participants were evaluated for pulmonary disease on a predetermined schedule. there were 145 episodes of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). low cd4 count correlated with risk of pcp (p < 0.0001); 79% had cd4 counts less than 100/microl and 95% had cd4 counts less t ... | 1997 | 9001290 |
| detection of pneumocystis carinii in rats by polymerase chain reaction: comparison of lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. | the purpose of this study was to determine and compare the efficiency of detection of pneumocystis carinii in rats by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of dna extracted from two sampling locations: lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage. the study involved naturally infected f344 rats that were allotted to groups to intercollate the investigation of several variables, including nonimmunosuppressed rats, rats subjected to a timed induction sequence of 1 to 4 weeks of immunosuppression, and two immu ... | 1996 | 9001175 |
| clinical features of tuberculosis associated with hiv infection in taiwan. | to understand the clinical characteristics and outcome of tuberculosis (tb) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in taiwan, we reviewed the medical records of 118 adult aids patients who were hospitalized at national taiwan university hospital between january 1988 and september 1995. among them, 29 (24.6%) had tb. the mean age of the aids patients with tb was 37 years (range, 25-66 yr). most patients were in the advanced stages of aids when human immunodeficiency virus (hiv ... | 1996 | 9000809 |
| in vitro efficacy of a compound derived from garlic against pneumocystis carinii. | 1996 | 8999132 | |
| (1-->3) beta-d-glucan as a quantitative serological marker for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | we detected (1 --> 3) beta-d-glucan (beta-glucan), which is one of the major components of the cyst wall of pneumocystis carinii, in sera obtained from patients with p. carinii pneumonia (pcp). we confirmed that beta-glucan was detectable by a beta-glucan detection kit (g test; seikagaku corporation) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (balfs). the mean concentration of beta-glucan in balfs obtained from specific-pathogen-free nude mice infected with p. carinii (n = 7; mean, 2,631 [range, 1,031 to ... | 1996 | 8991635 |
| the influence of pcp prophylaxis on bacteriuria incidence and resistance development to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in hiv-infected patients. | earlier studies have shown that men infected with hiv-1 and a cd4+ cell count below 200 mm3 are at increased risk for bacteriuria. we studied the effect of 3 pneumocystis carinii (pcp) prophylaxis regimens (low-dose tmp/smz, high-dose tmp/smz and pentamidine aerosol) on the incidence of bacteriuria and resistance development to tmp/smz. | 1996 | 8990860 |
| chest radiograph interpretation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, and pulmonary tuberculosis in hiv-positive patients: accuracy, distinguishing features, and mimics. | the purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of chest x-ray (cxr) interpretation in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), bacterial pneumonia (bp), and pulmonary tuberculosis (tb) in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive patients and to identify the frequency with which these infections mimic one another radiographically. the admitting cxrs of 153 hiv-positive patients with laboratory proven bp (n = 71), pcp (n = 73), and tb (n = 9) and those of 10 hiv-positive pat ... | 1997 | 8989759 |
| temporary seronegativity in a human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected man. | over a period of 3 months a human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1)-infected patient showed a sequence of positive-negative-positive anti-hiv screening test results. during this period the level of hiv p24 antigen declined and the hiv antibody pattern by western blot gradually became complete, suggesting recent hiv infection. however the patient's weight loss, esophageal candidiasis, and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, together with the severely and persistently lowered cd4 cell counts and the ab ... | 1997 | 8986953 |
| pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalovirus infections in severely ill, hiv-infected african infants. | unlike in the industrialized world, in which pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalovirus (cmv) are major respiratory opportunistic organisms, the causes of severe pneumonia, which accounts for much of the mortality in hiv-infected infants in developing countries, are not known, although tuberculosis has been associated with hiv in adults. we report on post-mortem lung and liver biopsies obtained soon after death from 36 hiv-infected infants and 36 hiv-uninfected matched controls who had been admitt ... | 1996 | 8985536 |
| pulmonary interstitial fibrosis and haemosiderin-laden macrophages: late following heart transplantation. | impairment of pulmonary diffusion is recognized following heart transplantation. this study was undertaken to determine the histopathological basis for the defect in pulmonary physiology. heart transplant recipients (htr) entered into a prospective study of post-transplant pulmonary physiology were asked to undergo bronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and transbronchial biopsy (n = 18) in the presence of impaired gas transfer. transbronchial biopsies were examined under light microscopy an ... | 1996 | 8984529 |
| predictors of staphylococcus aureus pneumonia associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | this study is based on a retrospective logistic regression analysis of all human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients with staphylococcus aureus pneumonia (sap) admitted to the department of infectious diseases, catholic university, rome, italy between january 1986 and december 1994. nineteen patients with 24 episodes of sap were enrolled in the study. a control group of 38 hiv-infected patients without pneumonia was included. the attack rate of sap was 8.31/1000 hiv-related hospital a ... | 1996 | 8984527 |
| [the host-opportunistic protozoa system. the effect of ionizing radiation on the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis and pneumocystosis]. | the aim of this study was to determine an influence of ionized radiation on the prevalence of cryptosporidium and pneumocystis carinii (p. c.) infections in children inhabitants of settlements affected by radionuclides after chernobyl accident. survey of children from day-care centers for prevalence of cryptosporidium was carried out in bryansk region, russia, and gomel and mogilev regions, belarus; children from cities mogilev and gomel as well as small town pochep, bryansk region, serve as con ... | 1996 | 8984437 |
| [pneumocystis carinii and aspergillus pneumonia in immunosuppression in rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis of the anti-glomerular basement membrane type]. | 1996 | 8984320 | |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an hiv patient with negative exercise oxygen desaturation test]. | 1996 | 8983575 | |
| efficacy of lasalocid against murine pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. | the efficacy of the ionophore lasalocid against pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in corticosteroid-immunosuppressed sprague-dawley rats was investigated. lasalocid was effective in the prevention of the pneumonitis in a dose-dependent manner. at dosages of 0, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg/day, p. carinii infection rates were 92, 60, 20, and 0%, respectively, during dexamethasone immunosuppression. also, lasalocid compared favorably with other drugs known to have anti-p. carinii activity, including trimeth ... | 1997 | 8980779 |
| effects of steroidal allenic phosphonic acid derivatives on the parasitic protists leishmania donovani, leishmania mexicana mexicana, and pneumocystis carinii carinii. | several pathogenic fungi and protozoa are known to have sterols distinct from those of their mammalian hosts. of particular interest as targets for drug development are the biosyntheses of the sterols of important parasites such as the kinetoplastid flagellates and the aids-associated opportunistic protist pneumocystis carinii. these pathogens synthesize sterols with an alkyl group at c-24, and some have a double bond at c-22 of the side chain. humans and other mammalian hosts are incapable of c ... | 1997 | 8980773 |
| imp dehydrogenase from pneumocystis carinii as a potential drug target. | mycophenolic acid, a specific inhibitor of imp dehydrogenase (impdh; ec 1.1.1.205), is a potent inhibitor of pneumocystis carinii growth in culture, suggesting that impdh may be a sensitive target for chemotherapy in this organism. the impdh gene was cloned as a first step to characterizing the enzyme and developing selective inhibitors. a 1.3-kb fragment containing a portion of the p. carinii impdh gene was amplified by pcr with two degenerate oligonucleotides based on conserved sequences in im ... | 1997 | 8980752 |
| uptake of medical interventions in women with hiv infection in britain and ireland. study group for the mrc collaborative study of hiv infection in women. | to determine the uptake of medical interventions amongst women known to be hiv positive and in contact with service providers. | 1996 | 8976835 |
| pro-inflammatory cytokines in lung and blood during steroid-induced pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in rats. | to gain more insight into the role of cytokines in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) we followed pro-inflammatory cytokine profiles in rats with steroid-induced pcp at 2-week intervals. the cytokines measured were immunoreactive interleukin-1beta (il-1beta), bioactive interleukin-6 (il-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha). in vivo cytokine concentrations were determined in three compartments, i.e., bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid, lung homogenates, and plasma. lipopolysaccharide ... | 1996 | 8975872 |
| pneumocystis carinii from pigs and humans are antigenically distinct. | the antigens of pneumocystis carinii cysts isolated from pigs and humans were compared by the western immunoblotting technique. convalescent pig serum reacted with two antigens (approximately 78 kda and 32.5 kda) of porcine p. carinii cysts, whereas convalescent serum from humans did not react with porcine p. carinii cyst antigens. the results indicate that porcine and human p. carinii cysts are antigenically distinct. | 1996 | 8971634 |
| community-acquired bacteremia in hiv-positive patients: protective benefit of co-trimoxazole. | to evaluate the effect of the type of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis on the development of community-acquired bacteremia. | 1996 | 8970683 |
| u.s. hospital care for hiv-infected persons and the role of public, private, and veterans administration hospitals. | hospitals are a major provider of medical care for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected persons. although utilization and patterns of care profiles in public and private hospitals have been evaluated for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), one of the most costly and common severe complications of aids, information from veterans administration (va) hospitals has not been reported previously. this article reports on inpatient care for pcp ... | 1996 | 8970467 |
| geographic variation in the management and outcome of patients with aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is one of the most common reasons for the hospitalization of aids patients; however, geographic differences in pcp management have not been evaluated previously. therefore, we abstracted data on socioeconomic characteristics, prior hiv care, severity of illness, timeliness and intensity of in-hospital care, duration of hospitalization, and survival from 1547 randomly selected medical records of patients hospitalized with aids-related pcp between 1987 and 1990 ... | 1996 | 8970466 |
| a profile of human immunodeficiency virus-infected adolescents receiving health care services at selected sites in the united states. | to determine the demographic/clinical profile of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected adolescents in care at selected sites. | 1996 | 8969371 |
| [parasitic infections in aids]. | the list of infections, threatening patients with impaired immunological system, especially infected with hiv, prolongs systematically. the review of literature data concerning species known up to now as aids defining parasitic infections (pneumocystis carinii, toxoplasma gondii, cryptosporidium, isospora belli, microsporidium and cyclospora) is presented. | 1996 | 8967074 |
| [pneumocistis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids at the saint thomas hospital]. | the authors examined material from the respiratory tract obtained from 55 patients, with silver methenamine and giemsa stains to detect pneumocystis carinii. twenty five patients were positive. all had fever and fatigue, 80% had dyspnea, 72% had productive cough, and significant weight loss occurred in 48%. none of the patients had signs of pulmonary consolidation. chest x-ray showed diffuse infiltrates in 55.2%. nodular lesions in both lung fields were present in 6.9%. a local infiltrate was se ... | 1996 | 8966237 |
| pneumocystis carinii in the miniature dachshund: case report and literature review. | this article reviews pneumocystis carinii and presents four cases in the miniature dachshund. the cases presented with hyperpnoea, tachypnoea and exercise intolerance. there were also clinical signs suggestive of immune incompetence in all the dogs. p carinii pneumonia was diagnosed in all four cases on transtracheal aspirate cytology. immunological studies showed low globulin levels on serum electrophoresis, decreased lymphoblast transformation response (in the two cases that were tested) and a ... | 1996 | 8965482 |
| effectiveness of daily low-dose cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in liver transplantation--an open clinical trial. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is an important infection in the setting of liver transplantation. without prophylactic measures, the incidence of pcp reached 30% in our first 10 liver transplant patients. all patients but one, who had concomitant invasive aspergillosis, recovered with intravenous cotrimoxazole. we therefore prospectively studied, in an open clinical trial, the efficacy and safety of prophylaxis with daily low-dose cotrimoxazole (480 mg) in 60 patients. the incidence of pcp ... | 1996 | 8958285 |
| management of aids-related pneumothorax. | pneumothorax (ptx) occurs in 5% of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) infected with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and up to 50% of those will die during hospitalization. the treatment strategies for managing aids-related ptxs are often complex and ineffective at treating the ptx, and they can prolong hospitalization. | 1996 | 8957359 |
| diagnosis of pulmonary infections in immunocompromised patients by fiber-optic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and serology. | fiber-optic bronchoscopy (fob) and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) were performed on 67 occasions in 57 immunocompromised patients with symptoms consistent with pulmonary infection. diagnosis was achieved more often in renal transplant patients than in patients with hematological malignancies (85% versus 28%). culture (bacteria, virus, fungi), staining and microscopy (bacteria, fungi, pneumocystis carinii (pc)) and antigen detection by indirect immunofluorescence (cytomegalovirus (cmv), respiratory ... | 1996 | 8953678 |
| survey for pneumocystis carinii infection of wild-born and laboratory-bred monkeys by indirect immunofluorescence and cyst-staining methods. | a serosurvey for pneumocystis carinii infection of laboratory-bred and wild-born monkeys was made by the indirect immunofluorescence method. the antibody titers of wild cynomolgus (macaca fascicularis) and japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata fuscata) to p. carinii (pc) were higher than those of laboratory-bred cynomolgus monkeys; 54.9% of the wild cynomolgus and 40% of japanese monkeys had antibody titers higher than 1:40, although only 9.4% of the laboratory-bred cynomolgus monkeys did so. pc cyst ... | 1996 | 8950643 |
| [role of bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy in the diagnosis of pneumonia in patients with organ transplantation]. | pneumonia in patients with organ transplantation constitutes a very frequent cause of mortality, as a result precocious aetiologic diagnosis is indispensable. the bronchoscopic techniques, bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and transbronchial biopsy (tbb), constitute fundamental procedures for these diagnoses. we begin this study with the aim of evaluating the profitability obtained with these procedures. 36 bronchoscopies were performed on 29 patients with organ transplantation, in all of them we rea ... | 1996 | 8948813 |
| oral osteomyelitis: pre-aids manifestation or strange coincidence? | a bizarre and unexplained localized osteomyelitis was discovered in the mandible of an otherwise apparently healthy 36-year-old man. this strange oral manifestation was followed 2 years later by a diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, which indicated full-blown aids. could osteomyelitis of the mandible be an alarming oral manifestation of aids before the disease is manifested in other ways? | 1996 | 8948219 |
| comparison of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, dapsone, and pentamidine in the prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | to compare the incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) receiving one of three prophylactic agents. | 1996 | 8947975 |
| adherence to guidelines for the prevention of hiv-related respiratory diseases. | in this study we characterized the pattern of use of preventive therapies for specific respiratory diseases within a cohort of homosexual men and assessed the impact of targeted feedback on the level of compliance with guidelines for these diseases. all human immunodeficiency virus seronegative (hiv-) (n=169) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids)-free human immunodeficiency virus seropositive (hiv+) (n=154) participants in our cohort, who completed four annual visits between october 198 ... | 1996 | 8947078 |
| thoracic disease in children with aids. | knowledge of common and uncommon thoracic pathologic conditions in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) can expedite disease management. chest radiography, computed tomography (ct), and magnetic resonance (mr) imaging are useful in cases involving possible complications of thoracic aids. lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (lip) is generally seen on plain radiographs and ct scans as a diffuse, symmetric, reticulonodular or nodular pattern, occasionally associated with mediast ... | 1996 | 8946540 |
| aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in older patients. | main results: compared with younger patients, patients aged 50 years or older were less likely to have acquired hiv via intravenous drug use or homosexual contact (p = .0001). older patients were more likely to have comorbid diseases (12% vs 4%; p = .0001), had more frequent neurologic findings on admission (19% vs 9%; p = .0001), and scored higher on a pcp-specific severity-of-illness scale indicating more severe disease (p = .0001). older patients had more intensive care unit admissions and in ... | 1996 | 8945690 |
| a single expression site with a conserved leader sequence regulates variation of expression of the pneumocystis carinii family of major surface glycoprotein genes. | the major surface glycoprotein (msg) of pneumocystis carinii is encoded by a family of related but distinct genes distributed throughout the p. carinii genome. previous reports of the genomic and mrna msg structure suggested that there was a highly conserved 5'-untranslated region and a highly variable translated region. in the current study, we demonstrate that there is a single expression site for msg expression and that different msg genes are located downstream of this expression site. isola ... | 1996 | 8945640 |
| development of type-specific pcr for typing pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis based on nucleotide sequence variations of internal transcribed spacer region of rrna genes. | the nucleotide sequence variations in the internal transcribed spacer region 1 (its1) and region 2 (its2) of rrna genes were found to be useful for typing pneumocystis carinii isolates that infect humans. two types of its1 (a and b) and three types of its2 (a, b, and c) sequences have been found, and p. carinii isolates are classified based on sequence types of its1 and its2 as ax or bx (where x may be a, b, or c). type determination has been achieved by sequencing the its regions or by reacting ... | 1996 | 8940486 |
| indirect muscarinic receptor activation by pentamidine on airway smooth muscle. | 1. pentamidine is routinely used to reduce the incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus, but it has been described as inducing pulmonary adverse effects, such as cough and bronchospasm. 2. in this paper we have investigated the effects of pentamidine on guinea-pig isolated main bronchi and human isolated bronchi. pentamidine induced a concentration-dependent contraction in both preparations with pd2 values of 9.64 +/- 0.07 (n = 8) and 9.7 ... | 1996 | 8937715 |
| early bronchoscopic diagnosis of concomitant tuberculosis and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | pulmonary infections, including mixed infections, are common in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), and a specific diagnosis is desirable to direct therapy. in a retrospective study of patients suspected of having pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, we examined the usefulness of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the immediate diagnosis of tuberculosis. in 267 patients, pneumocystis pneumonia was diagnosed in 115 (43%), of whom 5 (4%) also had concomitant tuberculosis. bronchoalveolar lavage g ... | 1996 | 8936936 |
| successful oral desensitization to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | to study the outcome of a modified oral desensitization protocol for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | 1996 | 8933778 |
| fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage for the evaluation of pulmonary infiltrates after bmt in children. | thirty-one fiberoptic bronchoscopies and bal performed within 4 days after the appearance of pulmonary infiltrates in 28 children who received bmt were reviewed. a causative agent was identified in 67% of patients with diffuse infiltrates (cytomegalovirus in 8 cases, pneumocystis carinii in 4) and in 31% of those with localized infiltrates (aspergillus in 2, bacteria in 2). no relevant side effect was reported. the results obtained from cytological and microbiological testing provided relevant i ... | 1996 | 8932812 |
| secondary pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole does not prevent bacterial pneumonia in hiv-infected persons. | 1996 | 8931803 | |
| spectrum of disease in africans with aids in london. | to compare the spectrum of disease, severity of immune deficiency and chemoprophylaxis prescribed in hiv-infected african and non-african patients in london. | 1996 | 8931793 |
| the metabolic response to opportunistic infections in aids. | the metabolic response to aids-defining opportunistic infections was examined to provide a logical basis for the management of associated weight loss. | 1996 | 8931788 |
| data analysis issues for protocols with overlapping enrollment. | many persons with hiv require and take several medications. the efficacy and safety of many of these medications are uncertain. usually limited data on drug interactions are available. thus simultaneous and sequential enrolment of patients into multiple studies is desired for reasons of science and efficiency. this paper discusses the analysis of data arising from coenrolment in multiple studies sponsored by the community programs for clinical research on aids (cpcra). factorial designs and thos ... | 1996 | 8931212 |
| use of observational data, including surveillance studies, for evaluating aids therapies. | this article discusses some of the limitations of observational data for assessing therapeutic effects and categorizes observational studies according to the strength of evidence. ecologic studies based on aids surveillance registries have demonstrated improvements over time in median survival following the onset of aids, especially for patients with an initial diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. some of this improvement may be the result of secular changes in the stage of disease at di ... | 1996 | 8931201 |
| [coincidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and lung carcinoma in aids]. | in a formerly drug-dependent patient of 35 years of age suffering from an advanced hiv infection there was a development within a period of a few months of rapid weight loss amounting to 12 kg, persistent subfebrile temperatures and progressive dyspnoea on exercise. the histological pattern obtained via bronchoscopy revealed not only pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, which had already been suspected clinically, but also a not very differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung with lymphangiosis carcin ... | 1996 | 8927609 |
| [improved prognosis of first episode hiv associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia without preventive treatment: etiology and sequelae]. | the prognosis of first episodes of hiv-associated pcp has markedly improved. the knowledge about the reasons for this progress could bear important implications for the management of hiv-infected patients. | 1996 | 8927603 |
| characterizations of neutral lipid fatty acids and cis-9,10-epoxy octadecanoic acid in pneumocystis carinii carinii. | pneumocystis carinii causes pneumonitis in immunodeficient individuals and is a prevalent opportunistic infection of patients with aids. this pathogen resides extracellularly in the hypophase lining the alveolar epithelium, which is highly enriched in lung surfactant lipids. procedures yielding highly pure organism preparations that enable reliable biochemical analyses of organisms isolated from the lungs of infected laboratory animals have been developed. the results of the present study reveal ... | 1996 | 8926076 |
| susceptibility to pneumocystis carinii infection: host responses of neonatal mice from immune or naive mothers and of immune or naive adults. | mice from either naive or immunized dams were given intranasal inoculations of pneumocystis carinii as neonates (24 to 48 h old). lung p. carinii burdens increased through day 13 postinoculation in all pups and declined to nearly undetectable numbers by day 23 in pups from immune mothers. however, p. carinii numbers in pups from naive mothers did not begin to decline significantly until after day 33, and p. carinii organisms were still detectable in low numbers through day 45. in contrast, the l ... | 1996 | 8926059 |
| new antifolates in clinical development. | numerous new antifolate drugs have been developed in an attempt to overcome the potential mechanisms of tumor cell resistance to methotrexate, which can include decreased drug transport into cells; decreased polyglutamation, leading to increased drug efflux from cells; decreased drug affinity for folate-dependent enzymes; mutations of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr), a key enzyme required for the maintenance of adequate intracellular reduced folate levels that is inhibited by methotrexate; and in ... | 1995 | 8924375 |
| ethnic differences in women with hiv infection in britain and ireland. the study group for the mrc collaborative study of hiv infection in women. | to examine ethnic differences in the socio-epidemiological and clinical characteristics of a cohort of women with hiv infection in britain and ireland. | 1996 | 8924257 |
| respiratory cryptosporidiosis: case series and review of the literature. | five case of intestinal cryptosporidiosis with pulmonary involvement in patients with aids are reported. the diagnosis was based on the recognition of acid-fast oocysts in sputum or aspirated bronchial material and stool specimens. coughing and excess secretions were present in all cases. four patients had other associated pulmonary pathogens: two mycobacterium tuberculosis, one mycobacterium fortuitum and one cytomegalovirus + pneumocystis carinii; all of them had a previous (three cases) or si ... | 1996 | 8923043 |
| severe hyperkalaemia induced by trimethoprim in combination with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor in a patient with transplanted lungs. | a 40-year-old woman with transplanted lungs developed life threatening hyperkalaemia (6.8 mmol l-1) during high dose treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. trimethoprim has an amiloride-like effect on the distal nephron and may thus induce hyperkalaemia, particularly if other contributing factors coexist. the present patient was also treated with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) inhibitor enalapril, and the combination of ace-inhibition and potass ... | 1996 | 8918517 |
| 2-amino-4-oxo-5-substituted-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as nonclassical antifolate inhibitors of thymidylate synthase. | six novel 2-amino-4-oxo-5-[(substituted phenyl)sulfanyl]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines 7-12 were synthesized as potential inhibitors of thymidylate synthase (ts) and as antitumor and/or antibacterial agents. the analogues contain a 5-thio substituent with a phenyl, 4'-chlorophenyl, 3',4'-dichlorophenyl, 4'-nitrophenyl, 3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl, and 2'-naphthyl on the sulfur, and were synthesized from the key intermediate 2-(pivaloylamino)-4-oxo-6-methylpyrrolo[2,3-d]-pyrimidine, 17. appropriately substi ... | 1996 | 8917644 |
| targeting the minor groove of dna: crystal structures of two complexes between furan derivatives of berenil and the dna dodecamer d(cgcgaattcgcg)2. | crystal structures are reported of complexes of two novel furan derivatives of berenil with alkyl benzamidine groups bound to the dna sequence d(cgcgaattcgcg)2. they have both been determined to 2.2 a resolution and refined to r factors of 16.9% and 18.6%. in both structures the alkyl substituents, cyclopropyl and isopropyl, are found to be orientated away from the floor of the minor groove. the drugs are located in the minor groove by two strong amidinium hydrogen bonds, to the o2 of the thymin ... | 1996 | 8917643 |
| diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: does use of only bronchoalveolar lavage suffice? | 1996 | 8917301 | |
| diagnostic yield of bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchoscopic lung biopsy for detection of pneumocystis carinii. | to assess the need to perform a bronchoscopic lung biopsy (blb) in addition to bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) to obtain a definitive diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1996 | 8917286 |
| development of a prognosis-based clinical staging system for infants infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | to develop a prognosis-based clinical staging system for infants infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | 1996 | 8917228 |
| prognostic significance of pathological chest radiography in transplant patients affected by cytomegalovirus and/or pneumocystis carinii. | in order to evaluate the prognostic significance of chest film findings in connection with cytomegalovirus (cmv) and/or pneumocystis carinii infection (pc), a retrospective review was made of the pulmonary charts of 274 recipients of kidney and/or pancreatic grafts transplanted between april 1987 and december 1990. | 1996 | 8915284 |
| infection prophylaxis and antiretroviral therapy in patients with hiv infection and malignancy. | systemic non-hodgkin's lymphoma and kaposi's sarcoma occur in approximately 4% and 30% of patients with hiv infection, respectively. single-agent or combination chemotherapy is often indicated for such patients. combination chemotherapy produces a significant decrease in cd4 lymphocytes and significantly increases the risk of opportunistic infection. supportive care should include prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and esophageal candidiasis. herpes labialis frequently occurs, ma ... | 1996 | 8914806 |
| detection of rrna from four respiratory pathogens using an automated q beta replicase assay. | ribosomal rna targets from mycobacterium avium complex (23s), mycoplasma pneumoniae (16s), pneumocystis carinii (18s) and legionella pneumophila (16s) were detected in four separate assays on a model automated q-beta amplification instrument. sandwich hybridization, reversible target capture, detector probe amplification and fluorescent signal detection occurred in closed, disposable packs at 38 degrees c. packs were injected with 0.5 ml samples in 3.06 m guanidine thiocyanate. ten samples per r ... | 1996 | 8910891 |
| clindamycin/primaquine as prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the records of 206 patients with advanced infection due to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 who were receiving prophylaxis with clindamycin/primaquine (c/p), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz), or dapsone to prevent pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were retrospectively examined. two hundred sixty-two patient-years of prophylaxis were accrued (176.2 of tmp-smz, 63.4 of dapsone, and 22.8 of c/p). the rates of pcp in the tmp-smz, dapsone, and c/p groups were 3.4, 11.0, and 30.7 per 100 ... | 1996 | 8909833 |
| cytokine profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood in hiv-seronegative patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | concentrations and ex vivo production of interleukin-1beta (il-1beta), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf), interleukin-6 (il-6), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (il-1ra) and tnf soluble receptors were followed in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid and blood from 10 hiv-seronegative patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and compared with values found in healthy volunteers. during the acute phase of pcp, tnf but not il-6 or il-1beta was detectable in bal fluid. at that time, plasma ... | 1996 | 8904526 |