Publications

integrated analysis of the effects of cold and dehydration on rice metabolites, phytohormones, and gene transcripts.	correlations between gene expression and metabolite/phytohormone levels under abiotic stress conditions have been reported for arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). however, little is known about these correlations in rice (oryza sativa 'nipponbare'), despite its importance as a model monocot. we performed an integrated analysis to clarify the relationships among cold- and dehydration-responsive metabolites, phytohormones, and gene transcription in rice. an integrated analysis of metabolites and g ...	2014	24515831
application of stress indices for low temperature and deep sowing stress screening of rice genotypes.	low temperature or cold stress and deep sowing plays a pivotal role in limiting rice (oryza sativa l.) productivity in the temperate rice growing regions as well as in tropical high lands worldwide. a better understanding of stress tolerance mechanism in rice plants will help to develop rice germplasm with improved field level tolerance under variable temperature and sowing deep conditions. using previously developed stress indices, this study presents results from low temperature and deep sowin ...	2013	24511713
origins and evolution of wuschel-related homeobox protein family in plant kingdom.	wuschel-related homeobox (wox) is a large group of transcription factors specifically found in plants. wox members contain the conserved homeodomain essential for plant development by regulating cell division and differentiation. however, the evolutionary relationship of wox members in plant kingdom remains to be elucidated. in this study, we searched 350 wox members from 50 species in plant kingdom. linkage analysis of wox protein sequences demonstrated that amino acid residues 141-145 and 153- ...	2014	24511289
effects of combined amendments on heavy metal accumulation in rice (oryza sativa l.) planted on contaminated paddy soil.	stabilization of heavy metals in situ was investigated. two combined amendments (ls, limestone+sepiolite; hz, hydroxyhistidine+zeolite) were applied at ratios of 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.8% (w/w) to paddy soil with multi-metal (pb, cd, cu, and zn) contamination. the effects of these two combined amendments on heavy metal bioavailability in soil, and on uptake and accumulation of heavy metals in rice plants were investigated. application of ls and hz significantly increased soil ph values and cation exc ...	2014	24507150
biochemical and molecular characterization of rice (oryza sativa l.) roots forming a barrier to radial oxygen loss.	the formation of a barrier to radial oxygen (o2 ) loss (rol) in the root is an important adaptation of plants to root flooding, but the biochemical changes in plant roots where the barrier is formed are unclear. in this study, we analysed metabolic profiles and gene expression profiles in roots of rice (oryza sativa l.) plants grown under stagnant deoxygenated conditions, which induce suberization in the outer cell layers of the roots and formation of barrier to rol. under these conditions, two ...	2014	24506679
functional analysis of chimeric lysin motif domain receptors mediating nod factor-induced defense signaling in arabidopsis thaliana and chitin-induced nodulation signaling in lotus japonicus.	the expression of chimeric receptors in plants is a way to activate specific signaling pathways by corresponding signal molecules. defense signaling induced by chitin from pathogens and nodulation signaling of legumes induced by rhizobial nod factors (nfs) depend on receptors with extracellular lysin motif (lysm) domains. here, we constructed chimeras by replacing the ectodomain of chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1 (atcerk1) of arabidopsis thaliana with ectodomains of nf receptors of lotus japon ...	2014	24506212
genetic evaluation of recombinant inbred lines of rice (oryza sativa l.) for grain zinc concentrations, yield related traits and identification of associated ssr markers.	the objectives of the present study were to evaluate genetic variability parameters, correlations that exist for grain zn concentration and yield related traits and identification of ssr markers linked to these traits in rice. one hundred seventy six recombinant inbred lines (rils) of azucena x moromutant were grown at university of agricultural sciences, bangalore in augmented experimental design during wet seasons of 2010 and 2011. the study revealed significant genetic variability for all the ...	2013	24506038
phytochrome action in oryza sativa l. : v. effects of decapitation and red and far-red light on cell wall extensibility.	the mechanical properties of the cell wall were measured in coleoptiles of totally etiolated rice seedlings. coleoptiles were either decapitated or briefly exposed to red (r) and/or far-red (fr) light. the elastic and plastic extensibilities of the cell wall changed with age (length) of the coleoptiles. decapitation and exposure to r induced changes in these properties, and the time-courses were similar. following decapitation or r irradiation, the plastic extensibility of the cell wall decrease ...	1970	24499836
natural herbicide resistance (hr) to broad-spectrum herbicide, glyphosate among traditional and inbred-cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) varieties in sri lanka.	weeds along with insect pests and plant diseases are sources of biotic stress in crop systems. weeds are responsible for serious problems in rice worldwide affecting growth and causing a considerable reduction in quality and quantity in yield. high concentrations of pre-emergent-broad-spectrum systemic herbicide, glyphosate is prevalently applied to control rice weeds which intern causes severe damages to cultivated rice varieties, susceptible to glyphosate. however, there may be rice varieties ...	2013	24498832
the rice semi-dwarf mutant sd37, caused by a mutation in cyp96b4, plays an important role in the fine-tuning of plant growth.	plant cytochrome p450 has diverse roles in developmental processes and in the response to environmental cues. here, we characterized the rice (oryza sativa l ssp. indica cultivar 3037) semi-dwarf mutant sd37, in which the gene cyp96b4 (cytochrome p450 96b subfamily) was identified and confirmed as the target by map-based cloning and a complementation test. a point mutation in the srs2 domain of cyp96b4 resulted in a threonine to lysine substitution in the sd37 mutant. examination of the subcellu ...	2014	24498428
incidence, molecular characteristics and pathogenicity of gibberella fujikuroi species complex associated with rice seeds from asian countries.	gibberella fujikuroi species complex (gfsc) was isolated from rice (oryza sativa l.) seed samples from ten asian countries and investigated for incidence of gfsc, molecular characteristics, and pathogenicity. regardless of geographic origin, gfsc was detected with incidences ranging from 3% to 80%. four species, fusarium fujikuroi, f. concentricum, f. proliferatum, and f. verticillioides, were found to show an association with rice seeds, with f. fujikuroi being the predominant species. in phylo ...	2013	24493944
drought stress-induced compositional changes in tolerant transgenic rice and its wild type.	comparing well-watered versus deficit conditions, we evaluated the chemical composition of grains harvested from wild-type (wt) and drought-tolerant, transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.). the latter had been developed by inserting atcyp78a7, which encodes a cytochrome p450 protein. two transgenic lines, '10b-5' and '18a-4', and the 'hwayoung' wt were grown under a rainout shelter. after the harvested grains were polished, their levels of key components, including proximates, amino acids, fatty acid ...	2014	24491713
nondestructive determination of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis rice seeds (oryza sativa l.) using multispectral imaging and chemometric methods.	crop-to-crop transgene flow may affect the seed purity of non-transgenic rice varieties, resulting in unwanted biosafety consequences. the feasibility of a rapid and nondestructive determination of transgenic rice seeds from its non-transgenic counterparts was examined by using multispectral imaging system combined with chemometric data analysis. principal component analysis (pca), partial least squares discriminant analysis (plsda), least squares-support vector machines (ls-svm), and pca-back p ...	2014	24491704
multiple major qtl lead to stable yield performance of rice cultivars across varying drought intensities.	availability of irrigation water is becoming a major limiting factor in rice cultivation. production in rainfed areas is affected in particular by drought events, as these areas are commonly planted to high-yielding drought-susceptible rice (oryza sativa l.) varieties. the use of bulk segregant analysis (bsa), taking grain yield (gy) as a selection criterion, has resulted in the identification of several large-effect qtl. a qtl mapping study was undertaken on a bc1f3:4 population developed from ...	2014	24491154
ospt2, a phosphate transporter, is involved in the active uptake of selenite in rice.	• selenite is a predominant form of selenium (se) available to plants, especially in anaerobic soils, but the molecular mechanism of selenite uptake by plants is not well understood. • ltn1, a rice mutant previously shown to have increased phosphate (pi) uptake, was found to exhibit higher selenite uptake than the wild-type in both concentration- and time-dependent selenite uptake assays. respiratory inhibitors significantly inhibited selenite uptake in the wildtype and the ltn1 mutant, indicati ...	2014	24491113
allele distributions at hybrid incompatibility loci facilitate the potential for gene flow between cultivated and weedy rice in the us.	the accumulation of independent mutations over time in two populations often leads to reproductive isolation. reproductive isolation between diverging populations may be reinforced by barriers that occur either pre- or postzygotically. hybrid sterility is the most common form of postzygotic isolation in plants. four postzygotic sterility loci, comprising three hybrid sterility systems (sa, s5, dpl), have been recently identified in oryza sativa. these loci explain, in part, the limited hybridiza ...	2014	24489758
multiple rna binding protein complexes interact with the rice prolamine rna cis-localization zipcode sequences.	rnas for the storage proteins, glutelins and prolamines, contain zipcode sequences, which target them to specific subdomains of the cortical endoplasmic reticulum in developing rice (oryza sativa) seeds. fifteen rna binding proteins (rbps) specifically bind to the prolamine zipcode sequences and are likely to play an important role in the transport and localization of this storage protein rna. to understand the underlying basis for the binding of multiple protein species to the prolamine zipcode ...	2014	24488967
glutelin precursor accumulation3 encodes a regulator of post-golgi vesicular traffic essential for vacuolar protein sorting in rice endosperm.	in seed plants, a major pathway for sorting of storage proteins to the protein storage vacuole (psv) depends on the golgi-derived dense vesicles (dvs). however, the molecular mechanisms regulating the directional trafficking of dvs to psvs remain largely elusive. here, we report the functional characterization of the rice (oryza sativa) glutelin precursor accumulation3 (gpa3) mutant, which exhibits a floury endosperm phenotype and accumulates excess proglutelins in dry seeds. cytological and imm ...	2014	24488962
the rice tal effector-dependent resistance protein xa10 triggers cell death and calcium depletion in the endoplasmic reticulum.	the recognition between disease resistance (r) genes in plants and their cognate avirulence (avr) genes in pathogens can produce a hypersensitive response of localized programmed cell death. however, our knowledge of the early signaling events of the r gene-mediated hypersensitive response in plants remains limited. here, we report the cloning and characterization of xa10, a transcription activator-like (tal) effector-dependent r gene for resistance to bacterial blight in rice (oryza sativa). xa ...	2014	24488961
a novel t-dna integration in rice involving two interchromosomal translocations.	a male sterile transgenic rice plant tc-19 harboured a novel t-dna integration in chromosome 8 with two interchromosomal translocations of 6.55 kb chromosome 3 and 29.8 kb chromosome 9 segments. we report a complex agrobacterium t-dna integration in rice (oryza sativa) associated with two interchromosomal translocations. the t-dna-tagged rice mutant tc-19, which harboured a single copy of the t-dna, displayed male sterile phenotype in the homozygous condition. analysis of the junctions between t ...	2014	24487649
a novel ap2-type transcription factor, small organ size1, controls organ size downstream of an auxin signaling pathway.	the organ size of flowering plants is determined by two post-embryonic developmental events: cell proliferation and cell expansion. in this study, we identified a new rice loss-of-function mutant, small organ size1 (smos1), that decreases the final size of various organs due to decreased cell size and abnormal microtubule orientation. smos1 encodes an unusual apetala2 (ap2)-type transcription factor with an imperfect ap2 domain, and its product belongs to the basal aintegumenta (ant) lineage, in ...	2014	24486766
proteome compression via protein domain compositions.	in this paper, we study domain compositions of proteins via compression of whole proteins in an organism for the sake of obtaining the entropy that the individual contains. we suppose that a protein is a multiset of domains. since gene duplication and fusion have occurred through evolutionary processes, the same domains and the same compositions of domains appear in multiple proteins, which enables us to compress a proteome by using references to proteins for duplicated and fused proteins. such ...	2014	24486717
classification and interaction modes of 40 rice e2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes with 17 rice arm-u-box e3 ubiquitin ligases.	rice, a monocot model crop, contains at least 48 putative e2 ubiquitin (ub)-conjugating enzymes. based on homology comparisons with 40 arabidopsis e2 proteins and 35 human e2s, 48 rice e2s were classified into 15 different groups. yeast two-hybrid analyses using the u-box-domain regions of armadillo (arm)-u-box e3 ub-ligases and the ub-conjugating (ubc) domains of e2s showed that, among 40 rice e2s, 11 e2s accounted for 70% of the interactions with 17 arm-u-box e3s. thus, a single e2 could inter ...	2014	24486490
cppu elevates photosynthetic abilities, growth performances and yield traits in salt stressed rice (oryza sativa l. spp. indica) via free proline and sugar accumulation.	application of n-2-(chloro-4-pyridyl)-n-phenyl urea (cppu) to salt susceptible cultivar of indica rice (cv. ptt1) effected on free proline and soluble sugar accumulation and regulated the physio-morphological responses when subjected to salt stress condition was firstly demonstrated in this study. soluble sugars, including sucrose, glucose and fructose, in leaf blade and leaf sheath were enriched in 0.1 mm cppu pretreated plants subsequently exposed to 16.6 ds m(-1) nacl for 10 days. in the long ...	2014	24485312
[yield formation of different single-season rice (oryza sativa l. ) types and its relationships with meteorological factors in yunnan province of southwest china].	by using the 1994-2010 observation data of paddy rice growth period and yield from 14 agro-meteorological stations at different altitudes in yunnan province, this paper studied the rice yield formation and the effects of meteorological factors on low-yield rice yield components. according to the systematic cluster analysis of rice yield components and the rice types at the 14 stations, the rice was divided into 4 types, i. e., low-yield japonica rice, low-yield indica rice, high-yield japonica r ...	2013	24483077
large-scale production and evaluation of marker-free indica rice ir64 expressing phytoferritin genes.	biofortification of rice (oryza sativa l.) using a transgenic approach to increase the amount of iron in the grain is proposed as a low-cost, reliable, and sustainable solution to help developing countries combat anemia. in this study, we generated and evaluated a large number of rice or soybean ferritin over-accumulators in rice mega-variety ir64, including marker-free events, by introducing soybean or rice ferritin genes into the endosperm for product development. accumulation of the protein w ...	2014	24482599
expression and functional analysis of putative vacuolar ca2+-transporters (caxs and acas) in roots of salt tolerant and sensitive rice cultivars.	vacuolar ca2+-transporters could play an important role for salt tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l.) root. here, we compared the expression profiles of putative vacuolar cation/h+ exchanger (cax) and calmodulin-regulated autoinhibited ca2+-atpase (aca) in rice roots of salt tolerant cv. pokkali and salt sensitive cv. ir29. in addition to five putative vacuolar cax genes in the rice genome, a new cax gene (oscax4) has been annotated. in the present study, we isolated the oscax4 gene and showed th ...	2014	24482191
cadmium and lead interactive effects on oxidative stress and antioxidative responses in rice seedlings.	interactive effects of two heavy metal pollutants cd and pb in the growth medium were examined on their uptake, production of reactive oxygen species (ros), induction of oxidative stress and antioxidative defence responses in indica rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings. when rice seedlings in sand culture were exposed to 150 μm cd (no3)2 or 600 μm pb (ch3coo)2 individually or in combination for 8-16 days, a significant reduction in root/shoot length, fresh weight, relative water content, photosynthe ...	2014	24482190
some observations on coleoptile cell ultrastructure in ungerminated grains of rice (oryza sativa l).	the ultrastructure of coleoptile cells of ungerminated rice grains has been examined following fixation in glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide. in many respects the cell structure resembles that reported for other dormant seed tissues: the cells contain protein bodies and lipid droplets, mitochondria and plastids show little internal structure but cytoplasm invaginates into many plastids; golgi cisternae cannot be discerned. rough er is present as cisternae surrounding protein bodies, as occasio ...	1971	24482086
electron-probe microanalysis of silicon in the epidermis of rice (oryza sativa l.) internodes.	electron-probe x-ray microanalysis showed that significant amounts of silicon are accumulated in the entire epidermal system of the rice internode except in the stomatal apparatuses. thus, there is a lack of specific sites for si deposition from levels just above the base to the tip of the rice internode. in the intercalary meristem region, 1 cm above the base of the internode, point-count data indicate more si accumulation in the dumb-bell shaped silica cells than in the long epidermal cells. a ...	1972	24481653
zinc allocation and re-allocation in rice.	agronomy and breeding actively search for options to enhance cereal grain zn density. quantifying internal (re-)allocation of zn as affected by soil and crop management or genotype is crucial. we present experiments supporting the development of a conceptual model of whole plant zn allocation and re-allocation in rice.	2014	24478788
osga2ox5, a gibberellin metabolism enzyme, is involved in plant growth, the root gravity response and salt stress.	gibberellin (ga) 2-oxidases play an important role in the ga catabolic pathway through 2β-hydroxylation. there are two classes of ga2oxs, i.e., a larger class of c₁₉-ga2oxs and a smaller class of c₂₀-ga2oxs. in this study, the gene encoding a ga 2-oxidase of rice, oryza sativa ga 2-oxidase 5 (osga2ox5), was cloned and characterized. blastp analysis showed that osga2ox5 belongs to the c₂₀-ga2oxs subfamily, a subfamily of ga2oxs acting on c₂₀-gas (ga₁₂, ga₅₃). subcellular localization of osga2ox5- ...	2014	24475234
overexpression of pyl5 in rice enhances drought tolerance, inhibits growth, and modulates gene expression.	abscisic acid (aba) is a phytohormone that plays important roles in the regulation of seed dormancy and adaptation to abiotic stresses. previous work identified ospyl/rcars as functional aba receptors regulating aba-dependent gene expression in oryza sativa. ospyl/rcars thus are considered to be good candidate genes for improvement of abiotic stress tolerance in crops. this work demonstrates that the cytosolic aba receptor ospyl/rcar5 in o. sativa functions as a positive regulator of abiotic str ...	2014	24474809
dorsoventral asymmetry of photosynthesis and photoinhibition in flag leaves of two rice cultivars that differ in nitrogen response and leaf angle.	rice is believed to show photosynthetic symmetry between adaxial and abaxial leaf sides. to verify this, we re-examined dorsoventral asymmetry in photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence and anatomical traits in flag leaves of two oryza sativa cultivars that differ in nitrogen (n) response and in leaf angle: 'akenohoshi', a cultivar that can adapt to low-n (ln), with low leaf angle (more erect leaves), and 'shirobeniya', a cultivar that is unable to adapt to ln, with higher leaf angle. plants we ...	2014	24471973
molecular control of grass inflorescence development.	the grass family is one of the largest families in angiosperms and has evolved a characteristic inflorescence morphology, with complex branches and specialized spikelets. the origin and development of the highly divergent inflorescence architecture in grasses have recently received much attention. increasing evidence has revealed that numerous factors, such as transcription factors and plant hormones, play key roles in determining reproductive meristem fate and inflorescence patterning in grasse ...	2014	24471834
induction of phytic acid synthesis by abscisic acid in suspension-cultured cells of rice.	a pathway of phytic acid (pa) synthesis in plants has been revealed via investigations of low phytic acid mutants. however, the regulation of this pathway is not well understood because it is difficult to control the environments of cells in the seeds, where pa is mainly synthesized. we modified a rice suspension culture system in order to study the regulation of pa synthesis. rice cells cultured with abscisic acid (aba) accumulate pa at higher levels than cells cultured without aba, and pa accu ...	2014	24467907
enhanced resistance to blast fungus in rice (oryza sativa l.) by expressing the ribosome-inactivating protein α-momorcharin.	rice blast caused by magnaporthe grisea is one of the three major diseases that seriously affect the rice production. alpha-momorcharin (α-mc), a ribosome-inactivating protein (rip) isolated from momordica charantia seeds, has antifungal effects in vitro. in this study, the α-mc gene was constitutively expressed under the control of the 2×35s promoter in transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.) using an agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated method. the nine transgenic plants were obtained and confirmed by ...	2014	24467890
genome-wide dna polymorphisms in seven rice cultivars of temperate and tropical japonica groups.	elucidation of the rice genome is expected to broaden our understanding of genes related to the agronomic characteristics and the genetic relationship among cultivars. in this study, we conducted whole-genome sequencings of 6 cultivars, including 5 temperate japonica cultivars and 1 tropical japonica cultivar (moroberekan), by using next-generation sequencing (ngs) with nipponbare genome as a reference. the temperate japonica cultivars contained 2 sake brewing (yamadanishiki and gohyakumangoku), ...	2014	24466017
processes underpinning development and maintenance of diversity in rice in west africa: evidence from combining morphological and molecular markers.	we assessed the interplay of artificial and natural selection in rice adaptation in low-input farming systems in west africa. using 20 morphological traits and 176 molecular markers, 182 farmer varieties of rice (oryza spp.) from 6 west african countries were characterized. principal component analysis showed that the four botanical groups (oryza sativa ssp. indica, o. sativa ssp. japonica, o. glaberrima, and interspecific farmer hybrids) exhibited different patterns of morphological diversity. ...	2014	24465809
natural variation of rice strigolactone biosynthesis is associated with the deletion of two max1 orthologs.	rice (oryza sativa) cultivar azucena--belonging to the japonica subspecies--exudes high strigolactone (sl) levels and induces high germination of the root parasitic plant striga hermonthica. consistent with the fact that sls also inhibit shoot branching, azucena is a low-tillering variety. in contrast, bala, an indica cultivar, is a low-sl producer, stimulates less striga germination, and is highly tillered. using a bala × azucena f6 population, a major quantitative trait loci--qslb1.1--for the ...	2014	24464483
qtl mapping and development of candidate gene-derived dna markers associated with seedling cold tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l.).	cold stress at the seedling stage is a major threat to rice production. cold tolerance is controlled by complex genetic factors. we used an f7 recombinant inbred line (ril) population of 123 individuals derived from a cross of the cold-tolerant japonica cultivar jinbu and the cold-susceptible indica cultivar br29 for qtl mapping. phenotypic evaluation of the parents and rils in an 18/8 °c (day/night) cold stress regime revealed continuous variation for cold tolerance. six qtls including two on c ...	2014	24464311
isolation and characterization of osmy1, a putative partner of osrac5 from oryza sativa l.	osrac5 belongs to the rice rho of plants family, and acts as the molecular switch in the signal pathway which is pivotally involved in the rice fertility control. one of its putative partners, osmy1, was isolated by yeast two-hybrid screening from rice panicle cdna library. bioinformatics analysis shows that osmy1 contains a coiled-coil domain which generally appeared in the partners of rho gtpases. by yeast two-hybrid assay, it is confirmed that osmy1 binds both the wild type (wt) and constitut ...	2014	24464125
genomewide discovery of dna polymorphisms in rice cultivars with contrasting drought and salinity stress response and their functional relevance.	next-generation sequencing technologies provide opportunities to understand the genetic basis of phenotypic differences, such as abiotic stress response, even in the closely related cultivars via identification of large number of dna polymorphisms. we performed whole-genome resequencing of three rice cultivars with contrasting responses to drought and salinity stress (sensitive ir64, drought-tolerant nagina 22 and salinity-tolerant pokkali). more than 356 million 90-bp paired-end reads were gene ...	2014	24460890
[cloning and functional analysis of phyllostachys edulis myb transcription factor pemyb2].	myb-type transcription factor is one of the largest families in plants, which plays important roles in accepting stress signals from environment and regulating the expression of stress-tolerant genes. in this paper, using homologous cloning and race technology, a myb-type transcription factor, designated pemyb2, was cloned from phyllostachys edulis. the results of bioinformatics showed that pemyb2 is a typical r2r3-myb. it contained two tandem repeats in its n-terminus, and a membrane protein du ...	2013	24459895
genome-wide analysis of radiation-induced mutations in rice (oryza sativa l. ssp. indica).	radiation has been efficiently used for rice germplasm innovation. however, the molecular mechanisms by which radiation induces mutations are still unclear. in this study, we performed whole genome sequencing to reveal the comprehensive mutations in rice treated with radiation. red-1 (a rice rich in beneficial ingredients for human health) was derived from rice 9311 after γ-radiation. solexa sequencing technology was applied to uncover the mutations. compared with the 9311 genome, 9.19% of genom ...	2014	24457353
floury endosperm6 encodes a cbm48 domain-containing protein involved in compound granule formation and starch synthesis in rice endosperm.	starch is the most widespread form of energy storage in the plant kingdom. although many enzymes and related factors have been identified for starch biosynthesis, unknown players remain to be identified, given that it is a complicated and sophisticated process. the endosperm of rice (oryza sativa) has been used for the study of starch synthesis. here, we report the cloning and characterization of the floury endosperm6 (flo6) gene in rice. in the flo6 mutant, the starch content is decreased and t ...	2014	24456533
rice mtn3/saliva/sweet gene family: evolution, expression profiling, and sugar transport.	the rice mtn3/saliva/sweet gene family consists of 21 paralogs. however, their functions in physiological processes are largely unknown, although at least three of the 21 paralogs are used by pathogenic bacteria to infect rice. here, we report the evolutionary features, transcriptional characteristics, and putative functions in sugar transport of this gene family. the wild rice accessions in this study included those with aa, bb, cc, bbcc, ccdd, ee, and gg genomes, which appeared approximately 0 ...	2014	24456138
transgenic strategies to confer resistance against viruses in rice plants.	rice (oryza sativa l.) is cultivated in more than 100 countries and supports nearly half of the world's population. developing efficient methods to control rice viruses is thus an urgent necessity because viruses cause serious losses in rice yield. most rice viruses are transmitted by insect vectors, notably planthoppers and leafhoppers. viruliferous insect vectors can disperse their viruses over relatively long distances, and eradication of the viruses is very difficult once they become widespr ...	2014	24454308
genome-wide evolutionary characterization and expression analyses of wrky family genes in brachypodium distachyon.	members of plant wrky gene family are ancient transcription factors that function in plant growth and development and respond to biotic and abiotic stresses. in our present study, we have investigated wrky family genes in brachypodium distachyon, a new model plant of family poaceae. we identified a total of 86 wrky genes from b. distachyon and explored their chromosomal distribution and evolution, domain alignment, promoter cis-elements, and expression profiles. combining the analysis of phyloge ...	2014	24453041
the contribution of serf1 to root-to-shoot signaling during salinity stress in rice.	stress perception and communication play important roles in the adaptation of plants to changing environmental conditions. plant roots are the first organs to detect changes in the soil water potential induced by salt stress. in the presence of salinity stress, root-to-shoot communication occurs to adjust the growth of the whole plant. so far, the phytohormone abscisic acid (aba), hydraulic signals and reactive oxygen species (ros) have been proposed to mediate this communication under salt stre ...	2014	24451326
biosynthesis, elicitation and roles of monocot terpenoid phytoalexins.	a long-standing goal in plant research is to optimize the protective function of biochemical agents that impede pest and pathogen attack. nearly 40 years ago, pathogen-inducible diterpenoid production was described in rice, and these compounds were shown to function as antimicrobial phytoalexins. using rice and maize as examples, we discuss recent advances in the discovery, biosynthesis, elicitation and functional characterization of monocot terpenoid phytoalexins. the recent expansion of known ...	2014	24450747
overexpression of osktn80a, a katanin p80 ortholog, caused the repressed cell elongation and stalled cell division mediated by microtubule apparatus defects in primary root in oryza sativa.	katanin, a microtubule-severing enzyme, consists of two subunits: the catalytic subunit p60, and the regulatory subunit p80. in several species, p80 functions in meiotic spindle organization, the flagella biogenesis, the neuronal development, and the male gamete production. however, the p80 function in higher plants remains elusive. in this study, we found that there are three katanin p80 orthologs (osktn80a, osktn80b, and osktn80c) in oryza sativa l. overexpression of osktn80a caused the retard ...	2014	24450597
gene expression and nucleotide composition are associated with genic methylation level in oryza sativa.	the methylation of cytosines at cpg dinucleotides, which plays an important role in gene expression regulation, is one of the most studied epigenetic modifications. thus far, the detection of dna methylation has been determined mostly by experimental methods, which are not only prone to bench effects and artifacts but are also time-consuming, expensive, and cannot be easily scaled up to many samples. it is therefore useful to develop computational prediction methods for dna methylation. our prev ...	2014	24447369
improved plant growth and zn accumulation in grains of rice (oryza sativa l.) by inoculation of endophytic microbes isolated from a zn hyperaccumulator, sedum alfredii h.	this study is to investigate the possibility of zinc (zn) biofortification in the grains of rice (oryza sativa l.) by inoculation of endophytic strains isolated from a zn hyperaccumulator, sedum alfredii hance. five endophytic strains, burkholderia sp. sazr4, burkholderia sp. samr10, sphingomonas sp. samr12, variovorax sp. sanr1, and enterobacter sp. sacs20, isolated from s. alfredii, were inoculated in the roots of japonica rice nipponbare under hydroponic condition. fluorescence images showed ...	2014	24447030
red and blue lights induced oxidative stress tolerance promote cadmium rhizocomplexation in oryza sativa.	cadmium (cd) accumulation and related stress responses have been investigated in red, blue and white lights exposed oryza sativa l. cv mtu 7029. cd translocation was reduced significantly by red and blue lights. increase in amount of organic acids, thiols, and nutrients in the roots that cause cd rhizocomplexation was the reason for reduction in cd translocation. these effects were due to higher efficiency to perform photosynthesis and transpiration under red or blue lights compare with white li ...	2014	24444775
do the rich always become richer? characterizing the leaf physiological response of the high-yielding rice cultivar takanari to free-air co2 enrichment.	the development of crops which are well suited to growth under future environmental conditions such as higher atmospheric co2 concentrations ([co2]) is essential to meeting the challenge of ensuring food security in the face of the growing human population and changing climate. a high-yielding indica rice variety (oryza sativa l. cv. takanari) has been recently identified as a potential candidate for such breeding, due to its high productivity in present [co2]. to test if it could further increa ...	2014	24443497
subcellular localization of the red-absorbing form of phytochrome by immunocytochemistry.	an immunocytochemical technique was used to localize the red-absorbing form of phytochrome at the light- or electron-microscope level in etiolated barley (hordeum vulgare l.) coleoptile tip, rice (oryza sativa l.) coleoptilar node, maize (zea mays l.) coleoptile tip, rye (secale cereale l.) coleoptile tip and coleoptilar node, and oat (avena sativa l.) root cap. staining for phytochrome in the cells was found to be generally distributed throughout the cytoplasm. in addition, barley also showed s ...	1974	24442776
isolation of nuclei from rice tissue grown in suspension culture.	a simple method is described for the isolation of intact nucleic from rice tissue (oryza sativa l.) grown in suspension culture. the procedure involves incubation of the tissue for 4 h with cellulase and pectinase prior to disruption of the cells. the yield of nucleic is approximately 40% (dna basis) and the preparations are capable of synthesizing rna in vitro. the method may be valuable to biochemically oriented research requiring plant nuclei.	1974	24442660
chelator-induced phytoextraction of zinc and copper by rice seedlings.	solution culture was carried to investigate capacity of synthetic aminopolycarboxylic acids (ethylenediamine tetraacetate, n-hydroxyethylenediaminetriacetic acid, and diethylenetriamine-pentaacetate) for enhancing botanical removal and transport of heavy metals (cu and zn) by plants. biodegradable organic acids (citric acid, malic acid, and oxalic acid) were also selected as alternatives to compare them with synthesized chelating agents for effectiveness. young rice seedlings (oryza sativa l. cv ...	2014	24442416
a rice gene for microbial symbiosis, oryza sativa ccamk, reduces ch4 flux in a paddy field with low nitrogen input.	plants have mutualistic symbiotic relationships with rhizobia and fungi by the common symbiosis pathway, of which ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (encoded by ccamk) is a central component. although oryza sativa ccamk (osccamk) is required for fungal accommodation in rice roots, little is known about the role of osccamk in rice symbiosis with bacteria. here, we report the effect of a tos17-induced osccamk mutant (ne1115) on ch4 flux in low-nitrogen (ln) and standard-nitrogen (sn) paddy ...	2014	24441161
a selection strategy in plant transformation based on antisense oligodeoxynucleotide inhibition.	antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (asodn) inhibition was developed in the 1970s, and since then has been widely used in animal research. however, in plant biology, the method has had limited application because plant cell walls significantly block efficient uptake of asodn to plant cells. recently, we have found that asodn uptake is enhanced in a sugar solution. the method has promise for many applications, such as a rapid alternative to time-consuming transgenic studies, and high potential for stu ...	2014	24438514
staining of sieve tube mitochondria in coleoptiles of rice (oryza sativa l.) with diaminobenzidine.	diaminobenzidine has been used to locate sites of oxidizing cytochromes in rice coleoptiles. the mitochondria of mature sieve tubes show a positive reaction which to visual inspection appears as strong as the reaction of companion cell mitochondria.	1975	24435994
the induction of grain size and colour mutations in rice (oryza sativa l.) by radioisotopes.	seven mutants with changes in grain size and in pigmentation of various organs were isolated in the m 2 and m 3 generations of the patnai variety of winter rice after treatment with (32) p and (35) s. some of these could be useful for breeding.the narrow grain mutant, isolated in the m 3 generation after treatment with (32) p, was high-yielding and had fine grains and an increased number of long panicles.two short grain mutants with changed husk colour were obtained in the m 2 generation after t ...	1970	24435806
epigenetic responses to drought stress in rice (oryza sativa l.).	cytosine methylation polymorphism plays a key role in gene regulation, mainly in expression of genes in crop plants. the differential expression of cytosine methylation over drought stress response was analyzed in rice using drought susceptible but agronomically superior lines ir 20 and co 43, and drought tolerant genotypes pl and pmk 3 and their f1 hybrids. the parents and hybrids were subjected to two moisture regimes viz., one under drought condition and another under control condition. the c ...	2013	24431506
heat and chilling induced disruption of redox homeostasis and its regulation by hydrogen peroxide in germinating rice seeds (oryza sativa l., cultivar ratna).	extremes of temperature (both heat and chilling) during early inbibitional phase of germination caused disruption of redox-homeostasis by increasing accumulation of reactive oxygen species (superoxide and hydrogen peroxide) and significant reduction of antioxidative defense (assessed in terms of total thiol content and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase) in germinating tissues of rice (oryza sativa l., cultivar ratna). imbibitional heat a ...	2013	24431487
rice alcohol dehydrogenase 1 promotes survival and has a major impact on carbohydrate metabolism in the embryo and endosperm when seeds are germinated in partially oxygenated water.	rice (oryza sativa) has the rare ability to germinate and elongate a coleoptile under oxygen-deficient conditions, which include both hypoxia and anoxia. it has previously been shown that alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (adh1) is required for cell division and cell elongation in the coleoptile of submerged rice seedlings by means of studies using a rice adh1-deficient mutant, reduced adh activity (rad). the aim of this study was to understand how low adh1 in rice affects carbohydrate metabolism in the e ...	2014	24431339
differences between indica and japonica rice varieties in co2 exchange rates in response to leaf nitrogen and temperature.	four indica and five japonica varieties of rice (oryza sativa l.) were examined to elucidate their differences in photosynthetic activity and dark respiratory rate as influenced by leaf nitrogen levels and temperatures. the photosynthetic rates of single leaf showed correlations with total nitrogen and soluble protein contents in the leaves. respiratory rate was also positively correlated with the leaf nitrogen content. when compared at the same level of leaf nitrogen or soluble protein content, ...	1987	24430670
malting and brewing qualities of some nigerian rice (oryza sativa l.) varieties and some thoughts on the assessment of malts from tropical cereals.	the maiting qualities of six varieties of nigerian rice were studied and compared with malts from sorghum and barley. a minimum of seven days was necessary for maximum yield of extract from malted rice. the beer brewed from the six rice malts were similar to each other and to those from sorghum and barley in analytical properties. the appropriateness of using methods designed for assessing barley malt should be re-examined for studying malts from tropical cereals. meanwhile, it should be suffici ...	0	24429992
intra and inter subspecific variation in soluble proteins of oryza sativa l.	types representing three subspecies of oryza sativa, namely, indica, japonica and javanica, and a group of intermediate types collected from north east india, were studied for variation in soluble proteins using acrylamide gel electrophoresis. the study revealed that there was a marked variation within and between varietal groups. variability for number and intensity of protein bands in indica was wider than in japonica and javanica. protein pattern in the group comprising n.e. indian types tran ...	1972	24429488
studies on some genetic parameters of rice (oryza sativa l.).	in order to utilize the available useful variation in breeding rice to improve yield and quality of grain, the performance of a wide range of rice germ plasm comprising 30 varieties was evaluated in northern india, a major rice growing belt. plant performance revealed high genetic divergence and phenotypic variability in the crop, with the maximum range of variation being for grain number per panicle and the minimum for grain dimensions. there were also significant differences among varietal mea ...	1974	24425460
responses of the rice shoot apex to irradiation with red and far-red light.	determinations of cell-doubling times using the technique of colchicine-induced metaphase accumulation showed that after 40 h exposure to red or far-red light the rates of cell division in young rice (oryza sativa l. cv. ballila) shoot apices were faster than in dark controls. in red light, the increase was already taking place after 16 h of irradiation but in far-red the rates at this time were slower than in the dark controls. seedlings became more responsive to far-red light as they continued ...	1976	24425084
global genomic diversity of oryza sativa varieties revealed by comparative physical mapping.	bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) physical maps embedding a large number of bac end sequences (bess) were generated for oryza sativa ssp. indica varieties minghui 63 (mh63) and zhenshan 97 (zs97) and were compared with the genome sequences of o. sativa spp. japonica cv. nipponbare and o. sativa ssp. indica cv. 93-11. the comparisons exhibited substantial diversities in terms of large structural variations and small substitutions and indels. genome-wide bac-sized and contig-sized structural v ...	2014	24424778
effect of x-irradiation on the size of the mutated sector in diploid and tetraploid rice.	an investigation was carried out of the effect of x-irradiation on the size of the mutated sector in three diploids (a.s.d.8, t.n. 1 and g.e.b. 24) and the autotetraploid of g.e.b 24 of oryza sativa l., by analyzing the m2 segregation ratios of chlorophyll mutants. a total of 612 segregating m1 panicle progenies in the diploids and 284 panicle progenies in the tetraploid was studied in the m2 generation for the ratio of normal to chlorophyll mutant seedlings. of the 573 segregating m1 panicles a ...	1974	24424476
trithorax group protein oryza sativa trithorax1 controls flowering time in rice via interaction with early heading date3.	trithorax group proteins are chromatin-remodeling factors that activate target gene expression by antagonistically functioning against the polycomb group. in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), arabidopsis trithorax protein1 (atx1) regulates flowering time and floral organ identity. here, we observed that suppression of oryza sativa trithorax1 (ostrx1), an ortholog of atx1, delayed flowering time in rice (oryza sativa). because the delay occurred only under long-day conditions, we evaluated the ...	2014	24420930
suppression of expression of the putative receptor-like kinase gene nrrb enhances resistance to bacterial leaf streak in rice.	bacterial leaf streak (bls) caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (xoc) is an important disease of rice, which is responsible for the economic losses worldwide. functional investigation of differentially expressed protein genes (depgs) from rice (oryza sativa l.) upon xoc infection provides insight into the molecular mechanism of rice-xoc interactions. here, we show that one of depgs designated nrrb plays a role in rice-xoc interactions. nrrb, a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase gene was pre ...	2014	24420860
amt1;1 transgenic rice plants with enhanced nh4(+) permeability show superior growth and higher yield under optimal and suboptimal nh4(+) conditions.	the major source of nitrogen for rice (oryza sativa l.) is ammonium (nh4(+)). the nh4(+) uptake of roots is mainly governed by membrane transporters, with osamt1;1 being a prominent member of the osamt1 gene family that is known to be involved in nh4(+) transport in rice plants. however, little is known about its involvement in nh4(+) uptake in rice roots and subsequent effects on nh4(+) assimilation. this study shows that osamt1;1 is a constitutively expressed, nitrogen-responsive gene, and its ...	2014	24420570
effect of fusicoccin on plant cell cultures and protoplasts.	we have assayed the capacity of the fungal toxin fusicoccin to induce some of its characteristic effects (acidification of the medium, stimulation of k(+), and of 3-o-methyl-d-glucose uptake) in cell suspensions of parthenocissus tricuspidata (siebold et zucc.) planchon, acer pseudoplatanus l. and oryza sativa l., and in protoplast suspensions prepared from leaves of nicotiana tabacum l. and spinacia oleracea l. or from cultures of p. tricuspidata. evidence is presented showing that all tested b ...	1977	24420024
growth responses of rice seedlings to triacontanol in light and dark.	triacontanol, a 30-carbon primary alcohol, applied in nutrient culture solutions to rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings at 2.3×10(-8) m (10 μg/l), caused an increase in dry weight and leaf area of the whole plants. the response could be observed as early as 3 h of treatment. it was observed at relatively high and low light intensities as well as in the dark where control plants lost but triacontanol-treated plants gained in dry weight. the dry weight gain in the dark was, however, eliminated by rem ...	1977	24419896
cadmium phytoavailability to rice (oryza sativa l.) grown in representative chinese soils. a model to improve soil environmental quality guidelines for food safety.	food chain contamination by cadmium (cd) is globally a serious health concern resulting in chronic abnormalities. rice is a major staple food of the majority world population, therefore, it is imperative to understand the relationship between the bioavailability of cd in soils and its accumulation in rice grain. objectives of this study were to establish environment quality standards for seven different textured soils based on human dietary toxicity, total cd content in soils and bioavailable po ...	2014	24418797
leloir glycosyltransferases and natural product glycosylation: biocatalytic synthesis of the c-glucoside nothofagin, a major antioxidant of redbush herbal tea.	nothofagin is a major antioxidant of redbush herbal tea and represents a class of bioactive flavonoid-like c-glycosidic natural products. we developed an efficient enzymatic synthesis of nothofagin based on a one-pot coupled glycosyltransferase-catalyzed transformation that involves perfectly selective 3'-c-β-d-glucosylation of naturally abundant phloretin and applies sucrose as expedient glucosyl donor. c-glucosyltransferase from oryza sativa (rice) was used for phloretin c-glucosylation from u ...	2013	24415961
identification and quantification of phenolic and flavonoid components in straw and seed husk of some rice varieties (oryza sativa l.) and their antioxidant properties.	plant foods are rich sources of bioactive compounds that can act as antioxidants to prevent heart disease, reduce inflammation, reduce the incidence of cancers and diabetes. this study aimed to determine the phenolics and flavonoids profiling in three varieties of rice straw and five varieties of the seed husk of iranian rice using high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc). furthermore, the antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated by using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph ...	2014	24415452
current developments in plant biotechnology for genetic improvement: the case of rice (oryza sativa l.).	as the world's population is expanding rapidly, all possible techniques for crop improvement must be utilized to meet the food demands of the next century. although conventional breeding techniques have considerably increased the productivity of modern crops, the application of advanced molecular technologies could speed up further crop improvement. use of biotechnology, such as the various tissue-culture methods and gene-transfer techniques now available, could significantly shorten the breedin ...	1995	24414747
the effects of oil well drill cuttings on soil and rice plant development (oryza sativa) under two redox conditions.	few studies have focused on the release of toxic elements from oil well drill cuttings and their effect on soil. the present study evaluated these effects using rice growth as the endpoint. drill cuttings were collected from a brazilian well and added in doses of 300, 3,000 and 6,000 mg kg(-1) soil, which was maintained at oxidized or reduced conditions. when the redox potential reached approximately -250 mv, barium concentrations were determined by geochemical fractionation. overall, doses of 3 ...	2014	24414162
deep re-sequencing of a widely used maintainer line of hybrid rice for discovery of dna polymorphisms and evaluation of genetic diversity.	genetic diversity within parental lines of hybrid rice is the foundation of heterosis utilization and yield improvement. previous studies have suggested that genetic diversity was narrow in cytoplasmic male sterile (cms/a line) and restorer lines (r line) for three-line hybrid rice. however, the genetic diversity within maintainer lines (b line), especially at a genome-wide scale, remains largely unknown. in the present study, we performed deep re-sequencing of the elite maintainer line v20b (or ...	2014	24414128
osrpk1, a novel leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase, negatively regulates polar auxin transport and root development in rice.	leucine-rich-repeat receptor-like kinases (lrr-rlks) represent the largest subfamily of putative rlks in plants. although several members in this subfamily have been identified, the studies about the relationships between lrr-rlks and root development are still few. we previously identified a novel lrr-rlk in rice roots, and named it osrpk1.	2014	24412327
root proteome of rice studied by itraq provides integrated insight into aluminum stress tolerance mechanisms in plants.	one of the major limitations to crop growth on acid soils is the prevalence of soluble aluminum ions (al(3+)). rice (oryza sativa l.) has been reported to be highly al tolerant; however, large-scale proteomic data of rice in response to al(3+) are still very scanty. here, we used an itraq-based quantitative proteomics approach for comparative analysis of the expression profiles of proteins in rice roots in response to al(3+) at an early phase. a total of 700 distinct proteins (homologous protein ...	2014	24412201
expression of abiotic stress inducible ethe1-like protein from rice is higher in roots and is regulated by calcium.	ethylmalonic encephalopathy protein 1 (ethe1) encodes sulfur dioxygenase (sdo) activity regulating sulfide levels in living organisms. it is an essential gene and mutations in ethe1 leads to ethylmalonic encephalopathy (ee) in humans and embryo lethality in arabidopsis. at present, very little is known regarding the role of ethe1 beyond the context of ee and almost nothing is known about factors affecting its regulation in plant systems. in this study, we have identified, cloned and characterize ...	2014	24410953
cultivar differences in leaf photosynthesis of rice bred in japan.	the grain yield of rice (oryza sativa l.), as well as of other cereal crops, is limited to a large extent, by the supply of photosynthates produced during grain filling period. in this study, flag leaf photosynthesis (lps) after heading was compared among 32 cultivars bred during the past century in japan, to determine if the improvement of lps has occurred with the breeding advance of high yielding cultivars. measurement of lps was made for 5 consecutive years in the paddy field, on the flag le ...	1992	24408284
biochemical basis of hybrid vigour. the genetics of grain weight of oryza sativa.	four cathodal bands (c1, c2, c3 and c4) of esterase (e1, c1. 3.1) were correlated with the grain weight of rice (oryza sativa l.). zymogram patterns indicated intensity differences among these bands infinegrain and coarse-grain varieties. bands c1. and c2 were dark in fine grain varieties whereas c3 and c4 were dark in coarse grain varieties. these bands were specific to endosperm. observations on fine-grain (kalanamak), coarse grain (sr(26)b) varieties and their reciprocal hybrids indicated the ...	1977	24407414
specificity of 1-triacontanol as a plant growth stimulator and inhibition of its effect by other long-chain compounds.	the effect of several analogs of 1-triacontanol (tria), differing in c-chain length (16-32), the position of the hydroxyl group and the terminal functional group, were tested alone and in combination with tria on the growth of rice (oryza sativa l.), maize (zea mays l.) and tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.) seedlings. applied alone, none of the compounds caused an increase in growth; thus, chain length (30 c) and presence and position (terminal) of the hydroxyl group appear to be specific f ...	1979	24407259
a novel rice cytochrome p450 gene, cyp72a31, confers tolerance to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides in rice and arabidopsis.	target-site and non-target-site herbicide tolerance are caused by the prevention of herbicide binding to the target enzyme and the reduction to a nonlethal dose of herbicide reaching the target enzyme, respectively. there is little information on the molecular mechanisms involved in non-target-site herbicide tolerance, although it poses the greater threat in the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds and could potentially be useful for the production of herbicide-tolerant crops because it is oft ...	2014	24406793
soil and water warming accelerates phenology and down-regulation of leaf photosynthesis of rice plants grown under free-air co2 enrichment (face).	to enable prediction of future rice production in a changing climate, we need to understand the interactive effects of temperature and elevated [co2] (e[co2]). we therefore examined if the effect of e[co2] on the light-saturated leaf photosynthetic rate (asat) was affected by soil and water temperature (nt, normal; et, elevated) under open-field conditions at the rice free-air co2 enrichment (face) facility in shizukuishi, japan, in 2007 and 2008. season-long e[co2] (+200 µmol mol(-1)) increased ...	2014	24406632
silicon mitigates heavy metal stress by regulating p-type heavy metal atpases, oryza sativa low silicon genes, and endogenous phytohormones.	silicon (si) application has been known to enhance the tolerance of plants against abiotic stresses. however, the protective mechanism of si under heavy metals contamination is poorly understood. the aim of this study was to assess the role of si in counteracting toxicity due to cadmium (cd) and copper (cu) in rice plants (oryza sativa).	2014	24405887
two hydroxypyruvate reductases encoded by oshpr1 and oshpr2 are involved in photorespiratory metabolism in rice.	mutations in the photorespiration pathway display a lethal phenotype in atmospheric air, which can be fully recovered by elevated co2 . an exception is that mutants of peroxisomal hydroxypyruvate reductase (hpr1) do not have this phenotype, indicating the presence of cytosolic bypass in the photorespiration pathway. in this study, we constructed overexpression of the oshpr1 gene and rna interference plants of oshpr1 and oshpr2 genes in rice (oryza sativa l. cv. zhonghua 11). results from reverse ...	2014	24401104
della activity is required for successful pollen development in the columbia ecotype of arabidopsis.	excessive gibberellin (ga) signalling, mediated through the della proteins, has a negative impact on plant fertility. loss of della activity in the monocot rice (oryza sativa) causes complete male sterility, but not in the dicot model arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) ecotype landsberg erecta (ler), in which della function has been studied most extensively, leading to the assumption that della activity is not essential for arabidopsis pollen development. a novel della fertility phenotype was id ...	2014	24400898
internal zn allocation influences zn deficiency tolerance and grain zn loading in rice (oryza sativa l.).	one of the important factors that influences zn deficiency tolerance and grain zn loading in crops is the within-plant allocation of zn. three independent experiments were carried out to understand the internal zn distribution patterns in rice genotypes grown in zn-sufficient and zn-deficient agar nutrient solution (ans). in one of the experiments, two rice genotypes (ir55179 and kp) contrasting in zn deficiency tolerance were leaf-labeled with (65)zn. in the other two experiments, two zn biofor ...	2013	24400015
genetic mechanisms of postzygotic reproductive isolation: an epistatic network in rice.	products of interspecific crosses often show abnormal phenotypes such as sterility, weakness and inviability. these phenomena play an important role in speciation as mechanisms of postzygotic reproductive isolation (ri). during the past two decades, genetics studies in rice have characterized a number of gene loci responsible for postzygotic ri. i have identified 10 loci including three sets of epistatic networks in a single inter-subspecific cross (oryza sativa ssp. indica × japonica). these re ...	2013	24399907
stress-inducible expression of atdreb1a transcription factor greatly improves drought stress tolerance in transgenic indica rice.	the cultivation of rice (oryza sativa l.), a major food crop, requires ample water (30 % of the fresh water available worldwide), and its productivity is greatly affected by drought, the most significant environmental factor. much research has focussed on identifying quantitative trait loci, stress-regulated genes and transcription factors that will contribute towards the development of climate-resilient/tolerant crop plants in general and rice in particular. the transcription factor dreb1a, ide ...	2014	24398893
comprehensive expression analysis of rice armadillo gene family during abiotic stress and development.	genes in the armadillo (arm)-repeat superfamily encode proteins with a range of developmental and physiological processes in unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes. these 42 amino acid, long tandem repeat-containing proteins have been abundantly recognized in many plant species. previous studies have confirmed that armadillo proteins constitute a multigene family in arabidopsis. in this study, we performed a computational analysis in the rice genome (oryza sativa l. subsp. japonica), and ident ...	2014	24398598
ossuv3 functions in cadmium and zinc stress tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l. cv ir64).	protein of nuclear encoded suv3 (suppressor of var 3) gene is a dna and rna helicase, localized in mitochondria and is a subunit of the degradosome complex involved in regulation of rna surveillance and turnover. to overcome the abiotic stress-induced loss of crop yield, a multi-stress tolerant trait is required. beside salinity stress the heavy metals including cadmium and zinc also affect the yield and quality of food crops. since rice is a one of the staple food therefore it is important to d ...	2014	24398379