Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| kinetic bactericidal activity of telithromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin against respiratory pathogens. | the present study assessed the comparative in vitro killing kinetics of telithromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin. minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (mbc) were determined against streptococcus pneumoniae, beta-haemolytic streptococci, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis strains characterized by different susceptibilities to beta-lactams and macrolides. for each bacterial species, representative strains were chosen for time-kill stud ... | 2005 | 16309423 |
| antimicrobial activity of doripenem (s-4661): a global surveillance report (2003). | the spectrum of activity and potency of doripenem, a broad-spectrum parenteral carbapenem currently in clinical development, was evaluated using 16 008 clinical bacterial isolates collected as part of an international surveillance project during 2003. using reference broth microdilution methods, doripenem was found to be highly active against oxacillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (2705 and 297 isolates, respectively; mic90s 0.06 mg/l), with a potency gr ... | 2005 | 16307551 |
| prospects for aminoacyl-trna synthetase inhibitors as new antimicrobial agents. | 2005 | 16304142 | |
| positive blood cultures in pediatric emergency department patients: epidemiological and clinical characteristics. | to determine the frequency of the emergency department (ed) visits of bacteraemic children and to compare the clinical characteristics of the discharged patients with those of the admitted patients. | 2005 | 16302571 |
| the igd-binding domain of the moraxella igd-binding protein mid (mid962-1200) activates human b cells in the presence of t cell cytokines. | moraxella catarrhalis immunoglobulin d (igd)-binding protein (mid) is an outer membrane protein with specific affinity for soluble and cell-bound human igd. here, we demonstrate that mutated m. catarrhalis strains devoid of mid show a 75% decreased activation of human b cells as compared with wild-type bacteria. in contrast to mid-expressing moraxella, the mid-deficient moraxella mutants did not bind to human cd19+ igd+ b cells. the smallest mid fragment with preserved igd-binding capacity compr ... | 2006 | 16301327 |
| cold shock response of the uspa1 outer membrane adhesin of moraxella catarrhalis. | colonization of the human nasopharynx exposes moraxella catarrhalis, a common cause of otitis media in children and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults, to sudden downshifts in temperature, occurring when the host breathes cold air. we investigated whether in vitro cold shock influences the expressions of the outer membrane adhesins uspa1 and hemagglutinin, which are considered virulence factors, and of an m. catarrhalis homolog of reca, a housekeeping gene, which in ... | 2005 | 16299321 |
| antigenic specificity of the mucosal antibody response to moraxella catarrhalis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | moraxella catarrhalis is an important human mucosal pathogen causing otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infection in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). little is known about the mucosal antibody response to m. catarrhalis in adults with copd. in this study, 10 pairs of well-characterized sputum supernatant samples from adults with copd who had acquired and subsequently cleared m. catarrhalis from their respiratory tracts were studied in detail in an effor ... | 2005 | 16299311 |
| bacterial etiology of acute otitis media and clinical efficacy of amoxicillin-clavulanate versus azithromycin. | acute otitis media (aom) is one of the most common acute bacterial infection in childhood and also the most frequent reason for outpatient antibiotic therapy. little recent information about susceptibility patterns of aom bacterial pathogens in turkish children has been reported. | 2006 | 16293317 |
| identification and characterization of a novel outer membrane protein (omp j) of moraxella catarrhalis that exists in two major forms. | moraxella catarrhalis is a common commensal of the human respiratory tract that has been associated with a number of disease states, including acute otitis media in children and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults. during studies to investigate the outer membrane proteins of this bacterium, two novel major proteins, of approximately 19 kda and 16 kda (named omp j1 and omp j2, respectively), were identified. further analysis indicated that these two proteins possessed ... | 2005 | 16291671 |
| the alexander project: the benefits from a decade of surveillance. | the alexander project, initiated in 1992 as an international, multicentre, longitudinal surveillance study of antimicrobial susceptibility among common respiratory pathogens, has been pivotal in defining the role of global surveillance. at the time, there were few studies in which data were collected in a way that allowed meaningful comparisons to be made between studies, locations or over time. the project instituted the use of a central laboratory and standardized methods for the collection of ... | 2005 | 16282278 |
| human c4b-binding protein selectively interacts with neisseria gonorrhoeae and results in species-specific infection. | neisseria gonorrhoeae is the causative agent of gonorrhea, a disease that is restricted to humans. complement forms a key arm of the innate immune system that combats gonococcal infections. n. gonorrhoeae uses its outer membrane porin (por) molecules to bind the classical pathway of complement down-regulatory protein c4b-binding protein (c4bp) to evade killing by human complement. strains of n. gonorrhoeae that resisted killing by human serum complement were killed by serum from rodent, lagomorp ... | 2005 | 16275906 |
| [nasopharyngeal and middle ear flora in children with acute otitis media]. | nasopharyngeal flora can be a reservoir of bacteria caused acute otitis media in children. the aim of the study was to identify microorganisms and antimicrobial susceptibilities of pathogens from the nasopharynx and middle ear of children with acute otitis media. the study comprised 128 children ages 1 year to 14 years with diagnosed of acute otitis media with purulent discharge. the nasopharyngeal and middle ear samples were collected at the same time. agar, chocolate, blood and chapman plates ... | 2005 | 16273858 |
| specific and sensitive detection of neisseria gonorrhoeae in clinical specimens by real-time pcr. | early diagnosis of neisseria gonorrhoeae infections is important with regard to patients' health and infectivity. we report the development of a specific and sensitive taqman assay for the detection of n. gonorrhoeae in clinical samples. the target sequence is a 76-bp fragment of the 5' untranslated region of the opa genes that encode opacity proteins. a panel of 448 well-defined n. gonorrhoeae isolates was used to evaluate and optimize the assay. the method employs two minor-groove binding prob ... | 2005 | 16272500 |
| cough: are children really different to adults? | worldwide paediatricians advocate that children should be managed differently from adults. in this article, similarities and differences between children and adults related to cough are presented. physiologically, the cough pathway is closely linked to the control of breathing (the central respiratory pattern generator). as respiratory control and associated reflexes undergo a maturation process, it is expected that the cough would likewise undergo developmental stages as well. clinically, the ' ... | 2005 | 16270937 |
| a rare cause of specific cough in a child: the importance of following-up children with chronic cough. | for many years, the term 'specific cough' has been used as a clinical cough descriptor in children to signify the likelihood of an underlying disease causing the cough. in this case study, we describe a child with specific cough caused by a rare carcinoma, a mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the bronchus. the cough only totally resolved after the primary cause was successfully treated. this report highlights the importance of following up children with cough, especially those with specific cough. | 2005 | 16270935 |
| antimicrobial activities of tosufloxacin against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella branhamella catarrhalis isolated from otolaryngological infectious diseases. | in 2003, the japan society for infectious diseases in otolaryngology conducted its third nationwide survey of clinical isolates from otolaryngological infectious diseases. we selected three primary causative organisms of otolaryngological infectious diseases, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella branhamella catarrhalis, and evaluated their sensitivities to tosufloxacin (tflx), a new oral quinolone, because the survey revealed a rise in drug-resistant strains, suggestin ... | 2005 | 16258823 |
| susceptibility patterns for amoxicillin/clavulanate tests mimicking the licensed formulations and pharmacokinetic relationships: do the mic obtained with 2:1 ratio testing accurately reflect activity against beta-lactamase-producing strains of haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis? | amoxicillin/clavulanate has recently undergone formulation changes (xr and es-600) that represent 14:1 and 16:1 ratios of amoxicillin/clavulanate. these ratios greatly differ from the 2:1 ratio used in initial formulations and in vitro susceptibility testing. the objective of this study was to determine if the reference method using a 2:1 ratio accurately reflects the susceptibility to the various clinically used amoxicillin/clavulanate formulations and their respective serum concentration ratio ... | 2005 | 16257168 |
| [study of pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of levofloxacin]. | to evaluate the dosing regimens of levofloxacin. | 2005 | 16255991 |
| recovery of interfering bacteria in the nasopharynx following antimicrobial therapy of acute maxillary sinusitis with telithromycin or amoxicillin-clavulanate. | the effect on the nasopharyngeal flora of 7 days of amoxicillin-clavulanate or 5 days of 800 mg once a day was studied in 50 adults with acute sinusitis. the numbers of potential pathogens and interfering alpha-hemolytic streptococci were equally reduced after both therapies. however, the number of interfering prevotella spp. declined more significantly after amoxicillin-clavulanate treatment. | 2005 | 16251334 |
| efficacy of penicillin versus cefdinir in eradication of group a streptococci and tonsillar flora. | core tonsillar cultures were obtained from 40 children with recurrent tonsillitis treated with either penicillin or cefdinir. group a beta-hemolytic streptococci were isolated from 11 penicillin- and 3 cefdinir-treated (p < 0.001) patients. beta-lactamase producers were recovered from 17 penicillin- and 3 cefdinir-treated (p < 0.01) patients. inhibiting alpha-hemolytic streptococci were isolated less often from penicillin-treated patients than from cefdinir-treated patients. | 2005 | 16251332 |
| sputum bacteriology in patients hospitalized with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and concomitant pneumonia in hong kong. | to study the sputum microbiology of patients admitted to a teaching hospital with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd) with concomitant pneumonia. | 2005 | 16248860 |
| moraxella catarrhalis bacterium without endotoxin, a potential vaccine candidate. | lipooligosaccharide (los) is a major surface component of moraxella catarrhalis and a possible virulence factor in the pathogenesis of human infections caused by this organism. the presence of los on the bacterium is an obstacle to the development of vaccines derived from whole cells or outer membrane components of the bacterium. an lpxa gene encoding udp-n-acetylglucosamine acyltransferase responsible for the first step of lipid a biosynthesis was identified by the construction and characteriza ... | 2005 | 16239560 |
| [efficacy and safety of extended-release clarithromycin (5-day short-course) vs telithromycin, in acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis]. | the extended-release formulation of clarithromycin (cla-er) allows using this macrolide as a single daily dose. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the cla-er formulation (500 mgx2) vs telithromycin (teli) (400 mgx2) as a short course 5-day treatment, once a day, in patients with aecb. | 2005 | 16239090 |
| role of lipooligosaccharide in the attachment of moraxella catarrhalis to human pharyngeal epithelial cells. | the goal of this study was to determine the role of lipooligosaccharide in the attachment of moraxella catarrhalis to human pharyngeal epithelial cells. strain 2951 and its p(k) mutant strain 2951 gale were used in this study. this study suggests that the p(k) epitope of los is not an adhesin for m. catarrhalis, but plays a crucial role by its surface charge in the initial stage of attachment. | 2005 | 16237271 |
| eradication of pathogens from the nasopharynx after therapy of acute maxillary sinusitis with low- or high-dose amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. | the growing resistance of streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin can be overcome by increasing the dose of the penicillin administered. this generated the recommendation that the adult dose of amoxicillin for the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis (ams) be increased from 1.5 g/day to 4.0 g/day. the objective of this study was to investigate whether the higher dose of amoxicillin is more effective than the previously recommended dose in eradicating s. pneumoniae from the nasopharynx of patien ... | 2005 | 16226017 |
| abc transporter ftsabcd of streptococcus pyogenes mediates uptake of ferric ferrichrome. | the streptococcus pyogenes or group a streptococcus (gas) genome encodes three abc transporters, namely, ftsabcd, mtsabc, and htsabc, which share homology with iron transporters. mtsabc and htsabc are believed to take up ferric (fe3+) and manganese ions and heme, respectively, while the specificity of ftsabcd is unknown. | 2005 | 16225685 |
| alpha1-antitrypsin inhibits moraxella catarrhalis mid protein-induced tonsillar b cell proliferation and il-6 release. | alpha1-antitrypsin (aat) is a major circulating and tissues inhibitor of serine proteinases implicated in the regulation of inflammation and host defence. there is now increasing evidence that aat may also exhibit anti-inflammatory activities independent of its protease inhibitor function. this study was undertaken to investigate the effects of native (inhibitory) and polymerized (non-inhibitory) forms of aat on mid (moraxella igd binding protein)-induced human tonsillar b cell activation in vit ... | 2006 | 16214222 |
| evaluation of a rapid direct assay for identification of bacteria and the mec a and van genes from positive-testing blood cultures. | we performed the first evaluation of a dna strip assay (genotype blood culture; hain lifescience, nehren, germany) for the detection of the most relevant bacterial sepsis pathogens directly from positive bactec blood culture bottles (becton dickinson, heidelberg, germany). the test comprises two panels, one for the direct species identification of important gram-positive cocci and the other for gram-negative rods. additionally, detection of the mec a and the van genes are implemented. the genoty ... | 2005 | 16207992 |
| single-dose azithromycin for the treatment of children with acute otitis media. | azithromycin is an azalide with in vitro activity against otitis media pathogens, good middle ear penetration and a prolonged half-life. a total of four clinical trials have evaluated the clinical success rate, safety and compliance of single-dose azithromycin (30 mg/kg) in the treatment of children with otitis media. among all the patients treated with single-dose azithromycin (30 mg/kg), and presented previously in four published clinical trials, end-of-treatment clinical success was 88% (544 ... | 2005 | 16207162 |
| a gonococcal homologue of meningococcal gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase gene is a new type of bacterial pseudogene that is transcriptionally active but phenotypically silent. | it has been speculated that the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (ggt) gene is present only in neisseria meningitidis and not among related species such as neisseria gonorrhoeae and neisseria lactamica, because n. meningitidis is the only bacterium with ggt activity. however, nucleotide sequences highly homologous to the meningococcal ggt gene were found in the genomes of n. gonorrhoeae isolates. | 2005 | 16202144 |
| [bacteriological study of chronic sinusitis]. | to explore the characteristics of bacteria isolated from patients with chronic sinusitis (cr) and antibiotic-resistance. | 2005 | 16200963 |
| presence of viral and bacterial pathogens in the nasopharynx of otitis-prone children. a prospective study. | the purpose of the present study was to examine and follow up the presence of respiratory viral and bacterial pathogens in the nasopharynx of otitis-prone children during the cold season and compare the findings with the child's respiratory symptoms. | 2006 | 16198005 |
| sensitivity of respiratory bacteria to lignocaine. | lignocaine, a topical anaesthetic agent, is generally used in variable concentrations usually between 2% and 4% on the vocal cords prior to flexible bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) procedures. the aim of this study was to investigate whether 2% or 1% lignocaine significantly inhibits the growth of organisms commonly found in the respiratory tract, in particular streptococcus pneumoniae. | 2005 | 16194830 |
| in vitro susceptibility of mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates to garenoxacin and da-7867. | the in vitro activities of da-7867, a novel oxazolidinone, and garenoxacin (bms-284756) were compared to those of linezolid in 67 susceptible and drug-resistant clinical isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis. da-7867 was the most active drug with an mic(90) of 0.125 microg/ml, compared to the mic(90)s of 4 microg/ml of garenoxacin and 2 microg/ml of linezolid. | 2005 | 16189119 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of sm-216601, a new broad-spectrum parenteral carbapenem. | sm-216601 is a novel parenteral 1beta-methylcarbapenem. in agar dilution susceptibility testing, the mic of sm-216601 for 90% of the methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) strains tested (mic(90)) was 2 microg/ml, which was comparable to those of vancomycin and linezolid. sm-216601 was also very potent against enterococcus faecium, including vancomycin-resistant strains (mic(90) = 8 microg/ml). sm-216601 exhibited potent activity against penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae, ... | 2005 | 16189097 |
| evaluation of lbm415 (nvp pdf-713), a novel peptide deformylase inhibitor, for treatment of experimental mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. | mycoplasma pneumoniae is a major cause of community-acquired pneumonia. we evaluated the efficacy of lbm415, a novel peptide deformylase inhibitor antimicrobial agent, for the treatment of m. pneumoniae pneumonia in a mouse model. eight-week-old balb/c mice were intranasally inoculated once with 10(7) cfu of m. pneumoniae. groups of mice were treated with lbm415 (50 mg/kg of body weight) or placebo subcutaneously daily for 13 days, starting 24 h after inoculation. groups of mice were evaluated a ... | 2005 | 16189089 |
| novel, single-dose microsphere formulation of azithromycin versus 7-day levofloxacin therapy for treatment of mild to moderate community-acquired pneumonia in adults. | this randomized, double-blind, noninferiority study was designed to demonstrate that a single 2.0-g oral dose of a novel microsphere formulation of azithromycin was at least as effective as 7 days of levofloxacin, 500 mg/day, in the treatment of adult patients with mild to moderate community-acquired pneumonia (fine classes i, ii, and iii). in total, 427 subjects were randomly assigned to receive either a single 2.0-g dose of azithromycin microspheres (n = 213) or a 7-day regimen of levofloxacin ... | 2005 | 16189077 |
| development of a shuttle vector for moraxella catarrhalis. | efforts to perform genetic analysis in moraxella catarrhalis have been hampered by the lack of a cloning vector. m. catarrhalis strain e22 was previously shown to contain plasmid plq510 which lacked a selectable antibiotic resistance marker. several methods were used to eliminate unnecessary dna from plq510. then, a 1.2 kb spectinomycin resistance cartridge, a multiple cloning site, and the origin of replication from pacyc184 were cloned into this plasmid backbone to obtain the 7.2 kb plasmid pw ... | 2006 | 16188314 |
| human antibody response to outer membrane protein g1a, a lipoprotein of moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis is an important cause of respiratory infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and of otitis media in children. outer membrane protein (omp) g1a is an approximately 29-kda surface lipoprotein and is a potential vaccine candidate. the gene that encodes omp g1a was expressed and purified using a novel plasmid vector. [(3)h]palmitic acid labeling demonstrated that both native and recombinant omp g1a contain covalently bound palmitic acid. to assess ... | 2005 | 16177336 |
| effects of amoxicillin and cefdinir on nasopharyngeal bacterial flora. | to compare the effects of cefdinir (14 mg/kg per day) and amoxicillin (90 mg/kg per day) antimicrobial therapy on the nasopharyngeal flora of children with acute otitis media. | 2005 | 16172355 |
| [susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with lower respiratory infectious diseases to antibiotics (2003)]. | from october 2003 to september 2004, we collected the specimen from 399 patients with lower respiratory tract infections in 12 institutions in japan, and investigated the susceptibilities of isolated bacteria to various antibacterial agents and patients' characteristics. of 474 strains that were isolated from specimen (mainly from sputum) and assumed to be bacteria causing in inflammation, 469 strains were examined. the breakdown of the isolated bacteria were: staphylococcus aureus 76, streptoco ... | 2005 | 16161758 |
| characterization of a novel porin protein from moraxella catarrhalis and identification of an immunodominant surface loop. | moraxella catarrhalis is a gram-negative bacterium that is mainly responsible for respiratory tract infections. in this study we report a novel outer membrane protein (omp), designated m35, with a molecular mass of 36.1 kda. this protein was structurally homologous to classic gram-negative porins, such as omp c from escherichia coli and omp k36 from klebsiella pneumoniae, with a predicted structure of 8 surface loops and 16 antiparallel beta-sheets. the dna sequences of the genes from 18 diverse ... | 2005 | 16159786 |
| clinical and bacterial characteristics of acute bacterial conjunctivitis in children in the antibiotic resistance era. | acute conjunctivitis is the most common eye disorder in young children. bacteria are responsible for 54-73% of all cases. the goals of the study were to identify the rates of haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis in cases of bacterial conjunctivitis in children and to define antibiotic resistance rates. | 2005 | 16148850 |
| ionic binding of c3 to the human pathogen moraxella catarrhalis is a unique mechanism for combating innate immunity. | moraxella catarrhalis ubiquitous surface proteins a1 and a2 (uspa1/a2) interfere with the classical pathway of the complement system by binding c4b-binding protein. in this study we demonstrate that m. catarrhalis uspa1 and a2 noncovalently and in a dose-dependent manner bind both the third component of complement (c3) from edta-treated serum and methylamine-treated c3. in contrast, related moraxella subspecies (n = 13) or other human pathogenic bacteria (n = 13) do not bind c3 or methylamine-tr ... | 2005 | 16148107 |
| microbiology of acute exacerbation of chronic sinusitis. | we undertook to evaluate the microbiology of acute exacerbation of chronic sinusitis (aecs). | 2005 | 16134356 |
| trends in antibiotic resistance of respiratory tract pathogens in children in geneva, switzerland. | bacteria increasingly resistant to antibiotics are a major treatment concern of respiratory tract pathogens in children. the aim of this study was to assess the trends of resistance of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis to several classes of antibiotics in children<16 years of age and to compare its prevalence with surrounding countries. we studied retrospectively the susceptibility of respiratory tract pathogens isolated from specimens collected from pati ... | 2006 | 16133242 |
| antibiotic resistance patterns among respiratory pathogens at a german university children's hospital over a period of 10 years. | growing antimicrobial resistance among streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis is raising major concern worldwide. strains of s. pneumoniae, h. influenzae and m. catarrhalis isolated from children with respiratory tract as well as invasive infection in a south-western region of germany between 1993 and 2002 were tested for susceptibility to common antibiotics including penicillins, cephalosporins and macrolides. a total of 2,362 s. pneumoniae, 2,501 h. influenz ... | 2006 | 16133241 |
| an open multicenter study of the use of gatifloxacin for the treatment of non-complicated acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in adults. | the bacteriological and clinical efficacy and the safety of gatifloxacin for the treatment of non-complicated acute rhinosinusitis was evaluated in 49 adult patients in an open-label multicenter study in brazil. patients under age 18, or with associated systemic diseases, were excluded. diagnosis was based on symptoms, otorhinolaryngological examination, and x-rays of the sinus. at the first visit, all patients were treated with a single daily dose of 400 mg gatifloxacin for 10 days. middle nasa ... | 2005 | 16127593 |
| use of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic target attainment analyses to support phase 2 and 3 dosing strategies for doripenem. | a doripenem population pharmacokinetic model and monte carlo simulations were utilized for dose regimen decision support for future clinical development. simulation results predict that 500 mg of doripenem administered over 1 h every 8 h would be effective against bacterial strains with mics less than 2 microg/ml and that less susceptible strains could be treated with prolonged infusions. | 2005 | 16127078 |
| effect of medium age and supplementation with the biocatalytic oxygen-reducing reagent oxyrase on in vitro activities of tigecycline against recent clinical isolates. | in determining the quality control limits for the clinical laboratory standards institute-recommended quality control organisms with tigecycline, a number of inconsistencies in the results were encountered that appeared to be related to the age of the mueller-hinton broth ii. this study was performed to examine the effect of medium age and supplementation with oxyrase on the activity of tigecycline using a large number of clinical isolates. | 2005 | 16127070 |
| ceacam engagement by human pathogens enhances cell adhesion and counteracts bacteria-induced detachment of epithelial cells. | exfoliation, which is the detachment of infected epithelial cells, is an innate defense mechanism to prevent bacterial colonization. indeed, infection with neisseria gonorrhoeae induced epithelial detachment from an extracellular matrix (ecm) substrate in vitro. surprisingly, variants of n. gonorrhoeae that bind to human carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (ceacams) failed to induce detachment and, instead, promoted enhanced host cell adhesion to the ecm. microarray analysis ... | 2005 | 16115956 |
| characterization of salivary immunoglobulin a responses in children heavily exposed to the oral bacterium streptococcus mutans: influence of specific antigen recognition in infection. | the initial infection of children by streptococcus mutans, the main pathogen of dental caries, depends on the ability of s. mutans to adhere and accumulate on tooth surfaces. these processes involve the adhesin antigen i/ii (agi/ii), glucosyltransferases (gtf) and glucan-binding protein b (gbpb), each a target for anticaries vaccines. the salivary immunoglobulin a (iga) antibody responses to s. mutans antigens (ags) were characterized in 21 pairs of 5- to 13-month-old children. pairs were constr ... | 2005 | 16113285 |
| bacterial activation of mast cells. | mast cells often are found in a perivascular location but especially in mucosae, where they may response to various stimuli. they typically associate with immediate hypersensitive responses and are likely to play a critical role in host defense. in this chapter, a common airway pathogen, moraxella catarrhalis, and a commensal bacterium, neiserria cinerea, are used to illustrate activation of human mast cells. a human mast cell line (hmc-1) derived from a patient with mast cell leukemia was activ ... | 2006 | 16110171 |
| the respiratory pathogen moraxella catarrhalis adheres to epithelial cells by interacting with fibronectin through ubiquitous surface proteins a1 and a2. | moraxella catarrhalis ubiquitous surface protein (usp) a1 has been reported to bind fibronectin and is involved in adherence. in this study, using m. catarrhalis mutants derived from clinical isolates, we show that both uspa1 and uspa2 bind fibronectin. recombinant truncated uspa1/a2 proteins, together with smaller fragments spanning the entire molecule, were tested for binding to fibronectin. both uspa1 and uspa2 bound fibronectin, and the fibronectin-binding domains were located within uspa1(2 ... | 2005 | 16107956 |
| pd-140248 (parke-davis & co). | pd-140248 is an isomerase inhibitor and topoisomerase ii inhibitor under development by parke-davis and co as a potential treatment for bacterial infection. although no details of active development have been published in the scientific literature since 1996, in september 1999, the company confirmed that pd-140248 is still in active development [338530]. the compound is one of two new pyrrolidinyl naphthyridines (the other compound being pd-131628) with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity ... | 2000 | 16107942 |
| antimicrobial activity of tigecycline tested against organisms causing community-acquired respiratory tract infection and nosocomial pneumonia. | emerging antimicrobial resistance among respiratory tract pathogens has created a critical need for development of new antimicrobial agents that are not affected by the commonly occurring genetic resistance mechanisms. tigecycline, a novel broad-spectrum parenteral glycylcycline, has been shown to be active against many of gram-positive, gram-negative, atypical, and anaerobic organisms, including strains highly resistant to commonly prescribed antimicrobials and was recently approved by the us f ... | 2005 | 16105563 |
| endotoxin up-regulates interleukin-18: potential role for gram-negative colonization in sarcoidosis. | sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease of unknown etiology characterized by a helper t-cell type 1-mediated process. previously we demonstrated a role for interleukin-18 in sarcoidosis. here we examine the regulation of interleukin-18 in this condition. | 2005 | 16100009 |
| epidemiologic study of conjunctivitis-otitis syndrome. | we conducted a prospective cross-sectional epidemiologic study of conjunctivitis-otitis syndrome during two 3-week periods of consecutive winters. a representative sample of 184 pediatricians and ear, nose and throat specialists in the paris area recruited 2901 children from 6 to 36 months of age presenting with acute otitis media, of whom 465 (16%) also had purulent conjunctivitis. in sampled children, the culture of the conjunctival exudate yielded bacterial pathogens in 419 patients: haemophi ... | 2005 | 16094231 |
| resistant microorganisms in head and neck infections. | the key pathogens most commonly associated with acute infections in the upper respiratory tract include streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and streptococcus pyogenes. antimicrobial resistance amongst these organisms to many of the commonly used agents for treatment continues to evolve. s. pneumoniae is probably the most important pathogen in the respiratory tract and antimicrobial resistance of this organism to many drugs appears to be rising. for some organi ... | 2005 | 16089233 |
| treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: antibiotic therapy. | acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (aecb) is a condition associated with increased morbidity and mortality. bacterial infections are the most frequent cause of exacerbations. the most common bacterial etiologies include haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and streptococcus pneumonia. the diagnosis of aecb is often based on the clinical presentation, but microbiological assessment, including gram stain and sputum culture should be done. antibiotic therapy should be used in patien ... | 2000 | 16088723 |
| the antibiotic treatment of severe community-acquired pneumonia admitted to the critical care unit. | community-acquired pneumonias (cap) are still caused by streptococcus pneumoniae, hemophilus influenzae, or moraxella catarrhalis. legionella and chlamydia pneumoniae have been defined as important atypical pathogens causing cap. klebsiella causes cap primarily in patients with chronic alcoholism or in chronic care facilities. normal hosts do not present with "unusual pathogens'' e.g., staphylococcus aureus or pseudomonas aeruginosa. the clinical severity of a bacterial pneumonia has important p ... | 2000 | 16088719 |
| antibiotic resistance in community-acquired pulmonary pathogens. | among infectious diseases, pneumonia is still the ;;captain of the men of death.'' etiologic diagnosis is often unreliable; consequently, clinicians must know epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia for optimizing empiric antibiotic therapy. in recent years, all major pulmonary pathogens have become more and more resistant to conventional antibiotics. penicillin-resistant and even multiresistant pneumococci have spread worldwide, but primarily in the united states, some european countries, ... | 2000 | 16088716 |
| efficacy and safety of a novel, single-dose azithromycin microsphere formulation versus 10 days of levofloxacin for the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis in adults. | to compare the efficacy and safety of a single 2.0-g dose of a novel azithromycin microsphere formulation with that of 10 days of levofloxacin, 500 mg/d, when used to treat adults with uncomplicated acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis (abs). | 2005 | 16087013 |
| use of the roche lightcycler strep b assay for detection of group b streptococcus from vaginal and rectal swabs. | the results for a real-time pcr assay, using the lightcycler strep b analyte-specific reagents (roche diagnostics corporation, indianapolis, ind.), were compared to a direct plate method combined with a broth enrichment culture method for detection of group b streptococcus colonization in pregnant women. two separate evaluations were conducted using two different automated nucleic extraction instruments, the magna pure lc instrument (roche diagnostics corporation) and the lower-capacity magna pu ... | 2005 | 16081949 |
| detection of streptococcus pneumoniae antigen in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples by a rapid immunochromatographic membrane assay. | we conducted a retrospective study to evaluate an immunochromatographic membrane test (ict), applied to bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid samples obtained in patients with suspected pneumonia, for the detection of streptococcus pneumoniae antigen. the now streptococcus pneumoniae test was assessed on 96 bal fluid samples. sensitivity was tested in 20 samples obtained from patients diagnosed as having pneumococcal pneumonia (growth of s. pneumoniae in blood cultures and/or in bal fluid samples o ... | 2005 | 16081947 |
| adhesion of moraxella catarrhalis to human bronchial epithelium characterized by a novel fluorescence-based assay. | moraxella catarrhalis is a major cause of infectious exacerbations of chronic obstructive lung disease. adhesion of this pathogen to epithelial cells is critical for its pathogenicity. although much work has been done on identifying surface molecules of m. catarrhalis as adhesins, several adhesion assays were used in these studies which has never been validated or compared to each other. in the present study, we have examined the capacity of m. catarrhalis to adhere to different human epithelial ... | 2006 | 16059698 |
| antimicrobial activity and spectrum of ppi-0903m (t-91825), a novel cephalosporin, tested against a worldwide collection of clinical strains. | ppi-0903m is a novel n-phosphono-type cephalosporin active against oxacillin-resistant staphylococci and many other gram-positive organisms. this study evaluated the in vitro activity and spectrum of ppi-0903m against 1,478 recent clinical isolates collected from 80 medical centers (22 countries). ppi-0903m demonstrated broader in vitro activity against gram-positive bacteria, particularly against multidrug-resistant staphylococci and streptococci of current clinical concern, than currently avai ... | 2005 | 16048970 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of cs-023 (ro4908463), a novel parenteral carbapenem. | cs-023 (ro4908463, formerly r-115685) is a novel 1beta-methylcarbapenem with 5-substituted pyrrolidin-3-ylthio groups, including an amidine moiety at the c-2 position. its antibacterial activity was tested against 1,214 clinical isolates of 32 species and was compared with those of imipenem, meropenem, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, ampicillin, amikacin, and levofloxacin. cs-023 exhibited a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and -negative aerobes and anaerobes, including methicillin-res ... | 2005 | 16048932 |
| molecular analysis of intrafamiliar transmission of moraxella catarrhalis. | the possible intrafamiliar transmission of moraxella catarrhalis was evaluated in 3 pairs between children and their parents, and 8 pairs between siblings from 11 families. of the 22 isolates, all were found producing beta-lactamase. molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) with not i and spe i showed that the pfge patterns in 2 of 3 pairs between children and their parents, and 4 of 8 pairs between siblings were indistinguishable and those of the remaining pairs were differen ... | 2005 | 16044858 |
| hag directly mediates the adherence of moraxella catarrhalis to human middle ear cells. | moraxella catarrhalis is a human pathogen that causes otitis media in young children and lung infections in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. in this study, the role of the surface protein hag in the adherence of multiple m. catarrhalis strains was examined. the hag genes of four clinical isolates were disrupted with a spectinomycin resistance cassette, and the binding of isogenic mutants to primary cultures of human middle ear epithelial cells (hmee), as well as a549 pneumocy ... | 2005 | 16041029 |
| moraxella catarrhalis does not grow on nutrient agar without sodium chloride supplementation. | none of the 58 moraxella catarrhalis strains grew on nutrient agar without sodium chloride supplementation, whereas 49 of 51 commensal neisseria spp. strains tested did. growth on nutrient agar without sodium chloride supplementation could be used for screening between m. catarrhalis and commensal neisseria spp. | 2005 | 16034210 |
| [levofloxacin in the treatment of acute and bacteriologically documented sinusitis with high risk of complications]. | the authors had for aim to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of oral levofloxacin (500 mg once a day during ten days), as a treatment for acute bacterial sinusitis at risk for complications in adult patients. | 2005 | 16023320 |
| chronic sinusitis in children. | clinical practice guidelines for the management of acute sinusitis in children have been published by the american academy of pediatrics. of note is that in this document, a brief discussion of chronic disease concluded that the pathogenesis and management are essentially unknown. although there are insufficient data in the literature to develop evidence-based clinical guidelines, a careful review of the literature and clinical experience of experts who manage pediatric chronic sinusitis is pres ... | 2005 | 16015392 |
| moraxella catarrhalis sepsis in a patient with juvenile spinal muscle atrophy. | moraxella catarrhalis rarely causes severe infections or bacteraemia in healthy subjects. in the literature only four cases of clinical sepsis with m. catarrhalis have been described, mostly in immunocompromised patients. we describe a case of a 34-year-old patient with kugelberg-welander disease and low body weight (28 kg) who developed clinical sepsis due to m. catarrhalis bacteraemia. a review of the literature is given. | 2005 | 16011015 |
| moraxella catarrhalis is only a weak activator of the mannose-binding lectin (mbl) pathway of complement activation. | a hemolytic bystander assay was used to assess the functional serum mannose-binding lectin (mbl) activating capacity of five isolates of moraxella catarrhalis obtained from children who suffered recurrent acute otitis media episodes. results showed that this organism is only a poor activator of the lectin pathway of complement activation, with subsequent consequences for the etiology of otitis media by this organism. | 2005 | 16006058 |
| bacteriology of acute and chronic ethmoid sinusitis. | aspirates from 26 acutely and 17 chronically infected ethmoid sinuses were studied. thirty-seven aerobes and 10 anaerobes were recovered from isolates from patients with acute sinusitis. streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae were predominant. twenty-seven aerobes and 41 anaerobes were found in isolates from patients with chronic sinusitis. the predominant isolates were anaerobic gram-negative bacilli and peptostreptococcus spp. | 2005 | 16000483 |
| development and evaluation of chlamylege, a new commercial test allowing simultaneous detection and identification of legionella, chlamydophila pneumoniae, and mycoplasma pneumoniae in clinical respiratory specimens by multiplex pcr. | this study describes the development and evaluation of a new commercial test, chlamylege (argene inc.), which allows the simultaneous detection in respiratory samples of chlamydophila pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and most legionella species, as well as pcr inhibitors, by using a multiplex pcr and microplate hybridization. the sensitivities of chlamylege were 1 x 10(-3) ifu, 5 x 10(-2) color-changing units, and 1 cfu per reaction tube for c. pneumoniae, m. pneumoniae, and legionella pneumop ... | 2005 | 16000443 |
| quantitative pcr assay using sputum samples for rapid diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia in adult emergency department patients. | accurate diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia in the acute-care setting remains a challenge due to the inadequate sensitivity of conventional diagnostic tests. sputum cultures, which are likely to have the highest diagnostic yields of all specimen types, have been considered unreliable, due to their inability to differentiate colonization from infection. our objective was to evaluate the potential clinical utility of a rapid quantitative real-time pcr assay using sputum samples for streptococcus ... | 2005 | 16000439 |
| genetic relatedness between pneumococcal populations originating from the nasopharynx, adenoid, and tympanic cavity of children with otitis media. | previous studies have shown that streptococcus pneumoniae exists in both middle ear effusions and the upper respiratory region from children with otitis media with effusion (ome), but it remains unclear whether these strains represent genetically identical clones. therefore, it cannot be determined whether these bacteria originate from a common source. to determine the presence of pneumococci at different anatomical locations of ome patients, conventional culture and pcr techniques were used. to ... | 2005 | 16000426 |
| in vitro activity of telithromycin against gram-negative bacterial pathogens. | to investigate the in vitro activity of the ketolide anti-bacterial telithromycin against a range of commensal bacteria and common aerobic gram-negative respiratory and non-respiratory pathogens. | 2006 | 15996744 |
| is there any specific association between respiratory viruses and bacteria in acute otitis media of young children? | respiratory viral infections are usually preceding or coinciding with acute otitis media (aom) in children. it is not known if a given viral infection would facilitate invasion of bacterial pathogens into the middle ear in a species-specific way. we reanalysed the microbiological results of the two prospective finnish otitis media (finom) studies for this purpose. | 2006 | 15992930 |
| grepafloxacin: an overview of antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy and safety. | the treatment of respiratory tract infection is the most common reason for antibiotic prescribing. however, therapeutic options are diminishing as antibiotic resistance to penicillins and macrolides in key respiratory pathogens is increasing. as resistance increases, there are parallel rises in the number of treatment failures and the total cost of infection management. new generation broad-spectrum fluoroquinolones, such as grepafloxacin, have recently been recommended as a first-line treatment ... | 1999 | 15992094 |
| bench-to-bedside review: therapeutic options and issues in the management of ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia. | despite progress in the diagnosis, prevention and therapy for hospital-acquired infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) continues to complicate the course of a significant proportion of patients receiving mechanical ventilation. mortality rates among patients with vap have been reported to be as high as 72%, and the morbidity associated with vap is also considerable, adding days to the hospital stay and increasing health care costs. appropriate initial antimicrobial therapy for patient ... | 2004 | 15987380 |
| bench-to-bedside review: therapeutic options and issues in the management of ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia. | despite progress in the diagnosis, prevention and therapy for hospital-acquired infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) continues to complicate the course of a significant proportion of patients receiving mechanical ventilation. mortality rates among patients with vap have been reported to be as high as 72%, and the morbidity associated with vap is also considerable, adding days to the hospital stay and increasing health care costs. appropriate initial antimicrobial therapy for patient ... | 2004 | 15987380 |
| role of antimicrobial agents in the management of exacerbations of copd. | acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd) are a common occurrence and characterize the natural history of the disease. over the past decade, new knowledge has substantially enhanced our understanding of the pathogenesis, outcome and natural history of aecopd. the exacerbations not only greatly reduce the quality of life of these patients, but also result in hospitalization, respiratory failure, and death. the exacerbations are the major cost drivers in consumption of ... | 2005 | 15987232 |
| codon usage comparison of novel genes in clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae. | a similarity statistic for codon usage was developed and used to compare novel gene sequences found in clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae with a reference set of 80 prokaryotic, eukaryotic and viral genomes. these analyses were performed to obtain an indication as to whether individual genes were haemophilus-like in nature, or if they probably had more recently entered the h.influenzae gene pool via horizontal gene transfer from other species. the average and sd values were calculated f ... | 2005 | 15983137 |
| in vitro activity of telithromycin against respiratory tract pathogens in comparison with other antimicrobial agents. | this study was done to evaluate the in vitro activity of a new ketolide telithromycin in comparison with clarithromycin, erythromycin, moxifloxacin and levofloxacin against streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 67), haemophilus influenzae (n = 139), and moraxella catarrhalis (n = 46)collected between january and june 2003 in hong kong. among the h. influenzae isolates, 25.2% produced beta-lactamase, while 97.8% of m. catarrhalis isolates produced beta-lactamase. half of the s. pneumoniae isolates were n ... | 2005 | 15980628 |
| in vitro activities of levofloxacin and comparable agents against middle ear fluid, nasopharyngeal, and oropharyngeal pathogens obtained from costa rican children with recurrent otitis media or failing other antibiotic therapy. | this study analyzes the in vitro activities of levofloxacin and other commonly used antimicrobials against middle ear fluid, nasopharyngeal, and oropharyngeal pathogens obtained from children with otitis media at risk of having a resistant pathogen. levofloxacin proved to be very active against these pathogens and had intermediate activity against streptococcus pyogenes. | 2005 | 15980399 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of dx-619, a novel des-fluoro(6) quinolone. | the in vitro activities of dx-619, des-fluoro(6) quinolone, against 1,208 clinical isolates were examined. dx-619 was particularly potent against staphylococci, including ciprofloxacin- and methicillin-resistant strains; the mic at which 90% of the strains tested were inhibited was 0.5 microg/ml. in addition, dx-619 was also active against gram-negative bacteria. | 2005 | 15980395 |
| antifolate activity of epigallocatechin gallate against stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | the catechin epigallocatechin gallate, one of the main constituents of green tea, showed strong antibiotic activity against 18 isolates of stenotrophomonas maltophilia (mic range, 4 to 256 microg/ml). in elucidating its mechanism of action, we have shown that epigallocatechin gallate is an efficient inhibitor of s. maltophilia dihydrofolate reductase, a strategic enzyme that is considered an attractive target for the development of antibacterial agents. the inhibition of s. maltophilia dihydrofo ... | 2005 | 15980368 |
| roles of 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonic acid transferase from moraxella catarrhalis in lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis and virulence. | lipooligosaccharide (los), a major outer membrane component of moraxella catarrhalis, is a possible virulence factor in the pathogenesis of human infections caused by the organism. however, information about the roles of the oligosaccharide chain from los in bacterial infection remains limited. here, a kdta gene encoding 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonic acid (kdo) transferase, which is responsible for adding kdo residues to the lipid a portion of the los, was identified by transposon mutagenesis an ... | 2005 | 15972513 |
| the clinical course of acute otitis media in high-risk australian aboriginal children: a longitudinal study. | it is unclear why some children with acute otitis media (aom) have poor outcomes. our aim was to describe the clinical course of aom and the associated bacterial nasopharyngeal colonisation in a high-risk population of australian aboriginal children. | 2005 | 15955251 |
| extended release amoxicillin/clavulanate: optimizing a product for respiratory infections based on pharmacodynamic principles. | acute bacterial respiratory tract infections cause a great deal of human morbidity and mortality. treatment guidelines for these infections include macrolides, doxycycline, beta-lactams and beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations such as amoxicillin/clavulanic acid to provide coverage for the common respiratory pathogens, including penicillin and macrolide nonsusceptible streptococcus pneumoniae, as well as beta-lactamase-producing haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. in r ... | 2005 | 15954852 |
| microbiology and antimicrobial management of sinusitis. | sinusitis generally develops as a complication of viral or allergic inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. the bacterial pathogens in acute sinusitis are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis, while anaerobic bacteria and staphylococcus aureus are predominant in chronic sinusitis. pseudomonas aeruginosa has emerged as a potential pathogen in immunocompromised patients and in those who have nasal tubes or catheters, or are intubated. many of these organ ... | 2005 | 15949076 |
| recovery of potential pathogens and interfering bacteria in the nasopharynx of smokers and nonsmokers. | active smoking and passive exposure to cigarette smoke are associated with colonization by some potentially pathogenic species of bacteria and an increased risk of respiratory tract infection in both adults and children. in an attempt to explain these observations, this study compared the frequency of isolation of potential pathogens, and aerobic and anaerobic bacteria that possess interfering capabilities (ie, interfering with the in vitro growth of potential pathogens) in the nasopharynx of sm ... | 2005 | 15947322 |
| acute otitis media caused by streptococcus pyogenes in children. | streptococcus pyogenes, or group a beta -hemolytic streptococcus (gas), is an important causative agent of bacterial pharyngotonsillititis and skin, soft-tissue, and invasive infections. although it is also an important pathogen in acute otitis media (aom), its exact role has not been determined. | 2005 | 15937760 |
| efficacy and safety of telithromycin 800 mg once daily for 7 days in community-acquired pneumonia: an open-label, multicenter study. | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. telithromycin (a new ketolide) has shown good in vitro activity against the key causative pathogens of cap, including s pneumoniae resistant to penicillin and/or macrolides. | 2005 | 15927060 |
| comparative in vitro activities of investigational peptide deformylase inhibitor nvp lbm-415 and other agents against human mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas. | peptide deformylase inhibitor lbm-415 and seven other drugs were tested against mycoplasma pneumoniae (100 isolates), mycoplasma hominis (20 isolates), mycoplasma fermentans (10 isolates), and ureaplasma species (50 isolates). lbm-415 was active against m. pneumoniae (mics, <or=0.008 microg/ml). it showed no activity against m. hominis and m. fermentans and modest activity against ureaplasma spp. | 2005 | 15917568 |
| occurrence of hypermutable pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients is associated with the oxidative stress caused by chronic lung inflammation. | oxidative stress caused by chronic lung inflammation in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) and chronic lung infection with pseudomonas aeruginosa is characterized by the reactive oxygen species (ros) liberated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns). we formulated the hypothesis that oxidation of the bacterial dna by ros presents an increased risk for the occurrence of hypermutable p. aeruginosa. the occurrence of hypermutable p. aeruginosa isolates was investigated directly in the sputum of 79 c ... | 2005 | 15917521 |
| [efficacy and safety of telithromycin in the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis]. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of 5 days of telithromycin (800 mg once a day) in the treatment of bacteriologically proven acute maxillary sinusitis (ams). | 2005 | 15914288 |