Publications

the hygiene and marketing of fresh cream as assessed by the methylene blue test. a report by a working party to the director of the public health laboratory service.	the hygiene and marketing of fresh cream in england and wales was investigated by a working party of the public health laboratory service (phls) between 1 october 1968 and 31 july 1969. thirty-one cream-producing dairies were visited and observations made in the light of the code of practice published by the milk and milk products technical advisory committee of the ministry of agriculture, fisheries and food, and the scottish home and health department. suggestions are made in this report to st ...	1971	4326247
atypical human liver alcohol dehydrogenase.		1968	4313164
acute respiratory infections in aircrew under training with special reference to influenza and adenovirus infections.		1969	4303290
a study on the virus aetiology of mild respiratory infections in the primary school child.		1967	4294573
respiratory virus infections of man and animals. viruses associated with human respiratory infections.		1966	4285400
evaluation of the dirofilaria immitis filarial skin test antigen in the diagnosis of filariasis.	conflicting opinions on the value of a skin test in the diagnosis of human filariasis emphasized the need for a careful examination of this procedure. the evaluation was made by asking workers in different countries to use an antigen prepared from dirofilaria immitis in groups of people who could be examined for parasitic infection.in one non-endemic area, repeated tests over a 1-year period did not lead to sensitization, but the reactions of individuals varied from test to test. in endemic area ...	1971	4274286
[edward jenner, initiator of cowpox vaccination against human smallpox, died 150 years ago].		1973	4269783
research regulation, and development of new pharmaceuticals: past, present, and future. 1.		1972	4257990
use of the single radial diffusion technique for influenza antibody surveys.	a survey of antibody to the influenza a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) and the variant a/england/42/72 (h3n2) was carried out by two methods, haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) and single radial diffusion (srd). a comparison of the sensitivity of the two tests indicated that the proportion of sera that produced a zone of 2.5 mm or larger in the srd tests was equivalent to the proportion that gave hi titres of 1: 40 or more. the test was carried out on serum samples collected from various regions of englan ...	1973	4212505
man against the giant hogweed.		1970	4193723
protective effect of 1-adamantanamine hydrochloride on influenza a2 infections in the family environment: a controlled double-blind study.		1969	4187541
a reference preparation for human serum immunoglobulins.		1969	4180055
supply of human immunoglobulin in england and wales for the prophylaxis of certain infectious diseases.		1967	4170435
pet meat as a potential source of human salmonellosis.		1967	4163917
human lingual pit caries: distribution between right and left maxillary incisors.		1973	4146176
editorial: injury before birth.		1974	4142972
cancer of the cervix: a sexually transmitted infection?	it has been established that sexual activity is a major factor in the genesis of cervical cancer. there are 2 current etiological hypotheses based on these observations. the 1st hypothesis stresses the association of cervical cancer with factors related to an early age at 1st intercourse. the 2nd hypothesis stresses the association of cervical cancer with factors related to the multiplicity of sexual partners, not only of the woman herself, but also of her husband. it proposes that malignant ...	1974	4133714
chromosome abnormality and perinatal death.		1974	4131984
characterization of a new variant of human red cell carbonic anhydrase i, ca if london (glu-102 leads to lys).		1973	4129482
efficacy of "hong kong" vaccine in preventing "england" variant influenza a in 1972.		1973	4127183
an epidemic in hampshire and gloucestershire.		1973	4125323
controlled trial of inactivated influenza vaccine containing the a-hong kong strain during an outbreak of influenza due to the a-england-42-72 strain.		1973	4124042
the rights of the mentally handicapped.		1973	4123158
influenza-a infection in children.		1972	4115566
eighty years of immunotherapy: a review of immunological methods used for the treatment of human cancer.		1972	4114812
influenza vaccination in schoolboys.		1972	4113423
experiments at the willowbrook state school.		1971	4102289
the effect of influenza immunization on absence.		1985	4079347
classroom teaching in genetics and birth defects: the nottingham experience.	advances in genetics and their implications for disease prevention make it important that there should be more emphasis on the teaching of human genetics in our schools. this is likely to require cooperation between educationalists and interested medical staff and two such ventures, one in north america and the other in nottinghamshire, are described. the latter, involving school teachers, the department of health education, and the staff of the clinical genetic service appears to meet a need, a ...	1985	4078863
mortality of styrene production, polymerization and processing workers at a site in northwest england.	the mortality of 622 men who worked for at least one year in the production, polymerization, and processing of styrene at a chemical site in the united kingdom during the period 1945-1974 was surveyed up to the end of 1978; 3 072 male manual workers at the same site but unexposed to styrene were also studied. a statistically significant excess of lymphoma deaths was found in the exposed population, and two of the three deaths observed occurred in men less than 40 years of age. the small number o ...	1985	4070999
communicable disease report. january to march 1985.		1985	4042613
an epidemiological study of salmonella montevideo by biotyping.	among 622 cultures of salmonella montevideo, 27 biotypes belonging to two biogroups were recognized. one biogroup (10di) was predominant in all animals in scotland but only in sheep in england and wales. the other (biogroup 2d) was responsible for almost all human, cattle and poultry infection in england and wales, but only 24% of human infection in scotland.	1985	4020111
sterilisation.	the discussion identifies some of the issues in counseling for sterilization and outlines the information which the counselor should make available to the couple. the most appropriate person to counsel a couple about sterilization is usually their general practitioner. he/she already will have some background knowledge about the couple, which will shorten the information-gathering part of the counseling process and help in understanding the problems the couple may experience in reaching their ...	1985	4011572
the use as a learning resource of the community in which the medical school is situated: the medical school, southampton.	southampton university medical school was established in 1971 and now takes 130 students each year for the 5-year course, and fifteen students for the premedical year. the school uses facilities within the whole wessex region, population 2.5 million, for teaching. during the first year of the course, community-based learning is a feature of the 'man, medicine and society' course and of early medical contact (emc). each student has four half-day emc visits to patients in their homes and these vis ...	1985	4010564
patients' attitudes to chaperones.	in a survey of 200 female patients attending a five-man practice in a health centre, 75 per cent of the respondents stated that they would like to be offered a chaperone at pelvic examinations. only six per cent would accept the offer if the examination was performed by their own doctor and 17 per cent if a different doctor examined them. patients expressing a definite wish for a chaperone were significantly younger and were less likely to have had a previous pelvic examination. those who defini ...	1985	3989785
risk factors for radiogenic cancer: a comparison of factors derived from the hanford survey with those recommended by the icrp.	a model for cancer induction in man exposed to low doses of radiation and based on the analysis of a survey of workers from a nuclear fuel processing plant is examined and compared with that adopted by the icrp to limit risks to radiation workers. it is shown that claims that icrp has significantly underestimated the risk apply primarily to those exposed in later life, and arise from assumptions regarding the age dependence of sensitivity to radiation which are questionable. a preliminary attemp ...	1985	3986145
the teaching of medical ethics.	students at newcastle are exposed to patients during their first week at medical school and attached to a family within the first month. the object is to sensitise them to patients as people rather than vehicles of disease. medical ethics is introduced as part of the multidisciplinary human development, behaviour and ageing course by a lecturer who shows a film which poses an ethical problem. at subsequent tutorials led by the department of family and community medicine's general practitioner le ...	1985	3981570
unborn children (protection) bill.	enoch powell's unborn children (protection) bill passed a second reading in the british house of commons on 22 february 1985. the authors contend that most informed scientists are dismayed because, if enacted into law, the bill would criminalize the in vitro fertilization of any human oocytes except for purposes of "embryo insertion," and many promising avenues of research would be blocked. while the pro-life lobby maintains that the development of possible methods to cure genetic diseases doe ...	1985	3974717
an appeal to embryologists.	it is argued that the british house of commons has embarked on an unprecedented and dangerous course in approving, at its second reading, enoch powell's "unborn children (protection) bill" to ban totally research on human embryos. in an effort to persuade parliament that a less drastic approach is preferable, embryologists are invited to submit to the editor of nature synopses of their planned investigations, including a description of objectives, the reasons for expecting these to be attainabl ...	1985	3974713
the "why" and "when" of introducing food to infants: growth in young breast-fed infants and some nutritional implications.		1985	3969952
uk agonizes on embryo research.	the british government is being deluged with conflicting advice on how to respond to the warnock committee's proposals on in vitro fertilization (ivf) and related matters. while the government's response has been slow in coming, the house of commons is proceeding to a second reading of a bill that would place tight restrictions on the therapeutic use of ivf and outlaw the scientific study of human embryos. the law society has submitted a proregulatory memorandum that goes further than the warn ...	1985	3969148
politicians prepare action.	a brief account is provided of parliament's efforts to regulate reproductive technologies and experiments on human embryos in great britain. a bill that seeks to outlaw such experiments and possibly also the practice of surrogate motherhood is scheduled to receive its second reading in the house of commons on 15 february 1985. supporters of the bill contend that nonmedical scientists, as opposed to medical practitioners and lay representatives of those directly affected, have too much control ...	1985	3969138
epidemiology of brain tumours in man and their relationship with chemical agents.	the 2000 or so deaths that result each year in england and wales from brain tumours, as defined by icd 191, represent approximately 0.3-0.4% of all deaths, with a slightly greater incidence in men than in women. because of the low incidence of mortality from other causes in childhood, brain cancer accounts for 3.5% of all deaths in the 1-14-year age group. mortality from brain cancer increased considerably between 1931 and 1961 but this is probably explained by changes in disease classification ...	1986	3957169
the epidemiology of hydatid disease in england and wales.	the epidemiology of hydatid disease in man in england and wales, based on the data collected between 1981 and 1983 at the hydatid reference laboratory of the public health laboratory service, is presented. the incidence of hydatid disease was 42 cases per annum, with 2 cases per million population occurring in wales and 0.2 per million in england. the highest prevalence was in london amongst the immigrant population. the incidence in the indigenous population was 15.5 cases per annum, with 5.6 c ...	1986	3950392
the thickness of the alveolar capillary wall in the human lung at high and low altitude.	an ultrastructural study of lung biopsy specimens from an adult mestizo highlander from la paz (3800 m) and three lowlanders from london showed no significant difference in the thickness of the alveolar capillary wall, the thickness in the highlander being 0.65 micron and the range in the lowlanders being 0.57-0.69 micron. the thickness of the blood-air barrier in a mestizo girl of 4 years born and living in la paz was 0.47 micron. these findings suggest that the alveolar capillary wall in the a ...	1986	3947519
radio-iodine in thyroid glands of swans, farm animals and humans, also in algae and river water from the thames valley, england.	a highly sensitive counting system has been used to measure radio-iodine in environmental samples from the thames valley. iodine-125 and occasionally iodine-131 have been found in the thyroid glands of most of the swans that have died on the river thames, the river wey and the grand union canal, and in algae and water samples from the thames and many of its tributaries. the presence of this activity is ascribed to the waste discarded into the drainage system by hospitals and research laboratorie ...	1986	3945795
the microcomputer: an aid to paediatric parenteral nutrition.	approximately 50% of the pharmacy man-hours committed to providing a parenteral nutrition service at the children's hospital, birmingham were spent in calculations, form filling and record keeping. an increasing demand for the service, with no extra staff available, meant that the service had to be made more efficient. a 90% time saving was achieved by using a microcomputer to free the pharmacy staff from many of the laborious mathematical and clerical chores. the program was developed by a memb ...	1985	3939142
dr. trevelyan and mr. treves: sherlock holmes and the elephant man.		1985	3925567
subdivision of mycobacterium tuberculosis for epidemiological purposes: a seven year study of the "classical' and 'asian' types of the human tubercle bacillus in south-east england.	human strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis were divided into the 'classical' and 'asian' types according to their sensitivity to thiophen-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide. the isolation of these two types in south-east england was studied during a seven-year period (1977-1983). the 'asian' type was more prevalent among ethnic asian patients than among ethnic europeans. among europeans there was a decline in the isolation rate of 'classical' strains and a small but significant increase in 'asian' str ...	1985	3919087
teenage confidence and consent.	the british medical journal's legal correspondent summarizes the 1984 court of appeal decision in gillick v. west norfolk and wisbech area health authority. mrs. gillick, the mother of several daughters under 16, had sued the health authority and the department of health and social security over the issue of giving contraceptive and abortion advice to minors without notifying their parents and seeking parental consent. the court ruled that, except in emergencies, the rights and duties of paren ...	1985	3917719
the man behind the eponym. henry haber.		1985	3911802
the man behind the eponym. henry haber (1900-1962).		1985	3911800
increasing incidence of resistance to gentamicin and related aminoglycosides in salmonella typhimurium phage type 204c in england, wales and scotland.	phage type 204c of salmonella typhimurium (dt 204c) appeared in bovine animals in 1979. it is now the predominant type in cattle in england, wales and scotland and ranks in the 10 most common phage types in humans. all strains of dt 204c have been resistant to at least four antimicrobial drugs. in 1979 and 1980 the most common resistance pattern was that of chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulphonamides, tetracyclines and trimethoprim (cssuttm) but since 1981 strains with additional resistance to ...	1985	3904167
fashion, science and technical change: the history of the treatment of glue ear.	one reason for the current epidemic in the rate of surgery for glue ear in children is that a shift in treatment has taken place from non-surgical to surgical methods. an historical review of the treatment of this condition reveals the existence of previous 'surgical epidemics' and the importance of two particular factors-technical developments, such as the design of tympanostomy tubes and the introduction of antibacterial drugs; and the lure of panaceas such as ionizing radiation. in addition, ...	1985	3891158
hideyo noguchi's luetin experiment and the antivivisectionists.		1985	3888912
porotic hyperostosis: representative of a childhood condition.	porotic hyperostosis is currently considered to be one of several stress markers available for assessing the health and nutritional status of past human populations. the present study questions one of the basic assumptions underlying its use; that is, that the occurrence of porotic hyperostosis in an individual represents an episode of anemia that was current or had occurred within a relatively short period prior to death. a synthesis of data from a romano-british site poundbury camp, anthropolo ...	1985	3887936
the foxglove, "the old woman from shropshire" and william withering.	though he received his medical education in edinburgh, william withering was born and bred, and conducted his practice, in the midlands of england, where he collaborated closely with medical and nonmedical colleagues who were pioneers of intellectual thought during the industrial revolution. because of his profound botanical knowledge, he was able to identify digitalis purpurea as the essential ingredient in a prescription dispensed by a herbalist, and systematically proceeded to show its value ...	1985	3886750
biochemical separations and human genetics. the wilhelmine e. key 1984 invitational lecture.		1985	3884698
[epidemiology of influenza since 1968].		1985	3884531
legal issues in ivf.	it is desirable when considering legal issues related to ivf not to restrict attention solely to the impact of laws in existence at the time the ivf technology appeared. laws then in existence were not designed with ivf in mind. new laws are needed, particularly to deal with legal problems that will arise from 'existing' laws in relation to two unprecedented features of ivf. these are the new technology whereby fertilized human eggs may be frozen, stored and later used for childbearing, and the ...	1985	3833445
brenner homes in on the human genome.		1987	3821882
regulatory decisions and consumers.	consumers expect regulatory authorities to evaluate the risks and benefits of non-narcotic analgesics both before marketing and throughout their marketing life. in making their evaluation, regulatory authorities attempt to ensure that before a product is marketed it is of satisfactory quality, is efficacious, tested for likely toxicological hazards and that prescribers are provided with appropriate, objective information. after marketing of a drug, regulatory authorities use spontaneous adverse ...	1986	3821428
the future of local ethical research committees.		1987	3820159
research on human embryos--a justification.	the philosophical debate surrounding the moral status of the embryo has reached the public arena. the author of this paper examines some of the common arguments against embryo experimentation, including an influential article by professor ian kennedy. he concludes that these arguments do not succeed in demonstrating that the intentional creation of embryos for research purposes is wrong, unless they also succeed in demonstrating that contemporary liberal abortion laws are also wrong. the author ...	1986	3806632
mortality study of workers in the man-made mineral fiber production industry in the united kingdom.	the workforces of two factories in the united kingdom have been followed up to the end of 1984 as part of the collaborative european study of the health of workers in the man-made mineral fiber industry. in the cohort from an english glass-wool plant there was no suggestion of any excess mortality compared to national or local rates, except for lung cancer among men in comparison to the national level. however, the data indicate that the workers were largely local persons by place of birth, occu ...	1986	3798059
changing demography of trisomy 18.	the incidence of trisomy 18 in leicestershire during the years 1980-85 inclusive was one in 3086 births. eleven of the 21 babies born with trisomy 18 in this period were delivered by caesarean section. median and mean periods of survival were 2.5 and 22 days, respectively.	1986	3777987
measurements of ionic fluoride in milk.	procedures used for measuring ionic fluoride in both human and cow's milk have been investigated. a number of factors were found to affect fluoride ion measurements in milk samples including time, stirring and the method of cleaning the fluoride electrode. following these investigations a procedure was developed for estimating ionic fluoride in milk. human milk collected from a fluoridated area (newcastle-upon-tyne) was found to contain significantly more ionic fluoride (0.065 ppm) than human mi ...	1986	3777836
stress and heart disease: evidence of associations between unemployment and heart disease from the opcs longitudinal study.	the opcs longitudinal study has been used to study both overall and cause-specific mortality patterns in 1971-1981 among men and women directly or indirectly affected by unemployment in april 1971. groups studied included men seeking work in 1971, the wives of men seeking work in 1971 and other women in the same households as a man seeking work in 1971. the findings of this project are summarized here and attention is focused on mortality from circulatory diseases, in particular ischaemic heart ...	1986	3774716
science and trans-science in radiation risk assessment: child cancer around the nuclear fuel reprocessing plant at sellafield, u.k.	the assessment of health risks to the population from radionuclides in the environment is a complex and as yet incomplete science: biogeochemical mechanisms of environmental transfer and concentration are poorly understood; models of radionuclide metabolism rely largely on inconclusive and contradictory experiments with animals, and the principles by which results may be extrapolated to humans are unknown; uncertainties in the dosimetry of alpha-emitters in children and the foetus are acute; and ...	1986	3764411
saving lives and protecting liberty: a comparative study of the seat-belt debate.	by the beginning of 1986 all but three states had taken some action on a mandatory seat-belt bill. the seat-belt debate is one manifestation of the concern over the relationship between lifestyle and disease, and has raised some of the most fundamental questions of politics and political philosophy: individual versus public responsibility in health promotion, and freedom versus compulsion. this article examines the debate from both a domestic (new york, illinois, oregon) and cross-national (grea ...	1986	3745844
control of hepatitis b and human t lymphotrophic virus type iii (htlv-iii) in homosexuals in sheffield.		1986	3733083
isolation and characterisation of intestinal spirochaetes.	faeces or rectal swabs from 1527 subjects were examined for the presence of intestinal spirochaetes by anaerobic culture on blood agar incorporating spectinomycin (400 mg/l). twenty three specimens (1.5%) were positive, and only one of these came from a patient with diarrhoea. all positive specimens came from either asians or known homosexuals. comparative tests showed a close phenotypic similarity between the human isolates and non-pathogenic porcine intestinal spirochaetes. these organisms dif ...	1986	3722407
antibiotic resistant bacteria in windermere and two remote upland tarns in the english lake district.	the incidence of antibiotic resistance was determined in over 2000 bacteria which were divided into the following groups: faecal streptococci, coliforms (excluding escherichia coli), e. coli, pseudomonas spp. and aquatic bacteria (i.e. bacteria predominant in the lake water which were excluded from the previous four categories). the isolates were obtained from the water of windermere (english lake district) and from a sewage effluent which entered the lake. with the exception of the faecal strep ...	1986	3722030
iodine-131 in human thyroids in britain following chernobyl.		1986	3713849
transmission through the female line of a mechanism constraining human fetal growth.	cross-breeding experiments between large and small strains of mammals have shown the powerful influence of the maternal organism on the control of fetal growth. the prepotency of a maternal regulator has also been demonstrated in humans. our earlier studies indicated that this regulator acts by means of constraint; there is no equivalent accelerating mechanism. data on 1092 siblings and 5207 paternal and maternal relatives of 986 probands show different patterns of birthweight among families asc ...	1986	3707043
infection with influenza a h1n1. 2. the effect of past experience on natural challenge.	following its reintroduction in 1978 influenza a h1n1 spread widely in the child population. by the autumn of 1979, 75% of 11-year olds entering a boys' boarding school had detectable antibody. the protective effect of previous experience could be assessed during two outbreaks in the school. in the first outbreak in 1979, 90% of those known to have been infected in the previous year were protected against reinfection. in 1983 after strains of the h1n1 subtype had undergone antigenic drift a larg ...	1986	3701046
infection with influenza a h1n1. 1. production and persistence of antibody.	three outbreaks of influenza caused by influenza a h1n1 occurred in a boys' boarding school in 1978, 1979 and 1983. the serological response to infection with variants of the h1n1 virus was studied by radial haemolysis and haemagglutination inhibition after primary infection and reinfection. the persistence of this antibody was also studied. infection in 1978 resulted in the production of persistent antibody to both the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase of the homotypic strain. antibody which cro ...	1986	3701045
more on red blood cell genetic variation in olympic athletes.	as a follow-up to de garay et al. (1976) and chagnon et al. (1984) studies, we are reporting on the genetic variation of four red blood cell enzymes in 49 athletes with isoelectric-focusing and electrophoresis techniques. the athletes were caucasians participating in the 1976 montreal olympic games. they were performing in 5 different sports and the sample included 18 women and 31 men. no uncommon allele was found and all known alleles were detected for each enzyme. phenotypes and gene frequenci ...	1986	3698155
british government rekindles debate on embryo research.		1987	3685982
a new serovar mogdeni of serogroup tarassovi of leptospira interrogans isolated from a sewage plant in england.	among 30 strains of leptospires isolated from samples of sewage taken before and during treatment at two sewage plants in england, only one appeared to belong to leptospira interrogans, the species that comprises the leptospires that are pathogenic to man and animals. that strain, compton 746, was isolated from settled sewage, before treatment at a treatment plant that deals mainly with human sewage. it was shown serologically to belong to serogroup tarassovi and appears to represent a new serov ...	1987	3678398
group l beta-haemolytic streptococcal infection in meat handlers: another streptococcal zoonosis?	group l, beta-haemolytic streptococci can cause infection in dogs, pigs, cattle and sheep but there have been very few reports in man. in studies of skin infection in meat handlers we cultured group l streptococci from clinically infected wounds, impetigo and paronychia of 15 patients involved in the slaughter and processing of chickens and pigs. staphylococcus aureus was also present in eight (53%) of the lesions. at least five other infections with group l streptococci in meat and animal handl ...	1987	3678390
epidemiology of sarcoidosis in the isle of man--2: evidence for space-time clustering.	the case-control test for space-time clustering developed by pike and smith was applied to 96 cases of sarcoidosis diagnosed in the isle of man from 1962 to 1983. there were significantly more links between cases separated by time intervals of less than 10 years and distances of less than 100 metres than between the others. analysis of the type of links indicated that clusters consisted of pairs whose contact was by place of residence or work. more linked cases were diagnosed less than three yea ...	1987	3660301
epidemiology of sarcoidosis in the isle of man--1: a case controlled study.	a case controlled study of 96 cases of sarcoidosis has been carried out in the isle of man. age and sex matched controls were selected at random from the pathology and radiology records, which cover 85% of the resident population, and a second control group was drawn from a tuberculosis register. special efforts were made to achieve a high level of ascertainment. in this study most cases occurred in young adults. it affected the sexes equally and occurred more frequently in the indigenous manx p ...	1987	3660300
a chromosome supplement to the london dysmorphology database.	a supplement to the computerised database for the diagnosis of rare dysmorphic syndromes described by winter et al is presented, which includes a list of syndromes occurring in patients with unbalanced chromosome aberrations. the extension of the original programme is based on schinzel's catalogue of unbalanced chromosome aberrations in man.	1987	3656373
the nature of mycobacterial disease in south east england, 1977-84.	the nature and incidence of bacteriologically confirmed mycobacterial disease in south east england over the eight year period 1977-84 has been determined by a study of cultures received by the phls regional centre for tuberculosis bacteriology at dulwich. the number of cases of tuberculosis in the ethnic european population has shown a decline, more so among males than females, but there has not been a significant decline in cases among ethnic asians. most tuberculosis is due to the classical h ...	1986	3655621
men in nursing. man appeal.		1987	3648721
occurrence and transfection of a giardia virus.	the presence of virus-derived rna was investigated in 38 axenically growing giardia isolates from different geographic areas. the rna virus was demonstrated in giardia strains from humans in the u.s.a., england and the majority of strains from poland. two strains isolated respectively from a cat and a cavia also contained it. giardia strains from humans in belgium and israel did not contain this rna virus. transfection of the rna virus was accomplished from english and polish strains, as well as ...	1987	3574350
the response of humans to surface and secreted antigens of trichinella spiralis.	biochemically characterised surface and secreted stage specific antigens were used to analyse the response of humans to infection with trichinella spiralis. immuno-coprecipitation and sds-page of labelled proteins were used to dissect the humoral response of mexican and european infected sera to each component antigen. the results demonstrate that in man, like laboratory rodents, the response to each protein varies independently. in addition, they permit a more rational approach to the developme ...	1986	3563318
exploitation of the insane in the new world. benoni buck, the first reported case of mental retardation in the american colonies.	documenting the early history of mental illness in north america is complicated by the absence of colonial institutions specializing in the care or management of the insane. however, during the first half of the 17th century, a single authority existed in england, the court of wards and liveries (1540-1660), with responsibility for appointing guardians for the mentally disabled. in 1637, benoni buck, a man with severe mental retardation, was referred to this court from jamestown, va. the ensuing ...	1987	3555384
the man behind the eponym. sir jonathan hutchinson. an obstinate genius.		1987	3551657
a centennial note on waller and the first human electrocardiogram.		1987	3551574
john hunter: the first surgical scientist.	john hunter was a brilliant surgeon and teacher, the father of scientific surgery and surgical pathology and founder of the world-renowned hunterian museum. this essay attempts to answer the following questions. who was this man? how did he achieve such a remarkable station? why was he loved by some yet detested by others? when did the poor student start to become the superb teacher? how did he manage to collect the thousands of specimens he left in his museum? what is it about hunter that makes ...	1987	3545417
speciation, serotyping, antimicrobial sensitivity and plasmid content of proteeae from the environment of calf-rearing units in south west england.	a survey was undertaken of the occurrence, serotype, antimicrobial sensitivity and plasmid content of members of the tribe proteeae in the environment of two calf-rearing units in the county of avon in south west england. examples of the following species were found: proteus mirabilis, prot. vulgaris, prot. vulgaris biogroup 2, morganella morganii, providencia stuartii, prov. alcalifaciens and prov. rettgeri. a wide range of serotypes was found, many having been previously reported from nosocomi ...	1986	3540110
pulmonary tuberculosis due to mycobacterium bovis.	during 1969-84 mycobacterium bovis was isolated from 20 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. this represented less than 1% of the total cases of respiratory tuberculosis confirmed bacteriologically at the liverpool public health laboratory during this period. all 20 patients were considered to have reactivated disease and all presented with the typical features of respiratory tuberculosis. during the same period four cases of pulmonary infection by mycobacterium africanum were recognised. this ...	1986	3538491
percival's medical ethics. the moral philosophy of an 18th-century english gentleman.		1986	3535717
reproductive success and occupational class in eighteenth-century lancashire, england.	data from parish registers on 182 couples married between 1754 and 1772 in lancashire, england, were used to compare lifetime reproductive success of farmers and craftsmen. farmers were expected to be of higher average status and wealth than craftsmen; thus, these data were used to test the hypothesis that status and reproductive success were postively correlated in this society. farmers raised a significantly higher mean number of children to age 21 than did craftsmen, although mean numbers o ...	1986	3535092
the radiologist as guinea pig: radiation hazards to man as demonstrated in early radiologists, and their patients.		1986	3534263
bovine variants of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated in liverpool during the period 1969 to 1983: an epidemiological survey.	between 1969 and 1983 inclusive, the bovine variants of mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. bovis and m. africanum) were isolated from 75 patients with tuberculosis. this represented 2.9 per cent of all significant mycobacteria identified at the liverpool public health laboratory during this period. the clinical and radiological features of infection did not differ from those found with m. tuberculosis. there was an association between m. bovis infection, extrapulmonary disease and lifelong united ki ...	1986	3529160
andrewes versus influenza: discussion paper.		1986	3528487
tuberculosis in east sussex. iii. comparison of post-mortem and clinical methods for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in badgers.	following epidemiological and ecological studies of a defined badger population in an area of east sussex, removal of all badgers by cage trapping was attempted. trapping was incomplete due to the activities of protesters. forty-seven badgers were caught from the eight social groups. all badgers were examined clinically and samples of faeces, urine and tracheal aspirate were taken, together with swabs from any bite wounds, for bacteriological examinations. forty-five animals were skin tested usi ...	1986	3525672