Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| [evaluation of the virus-elimination efficacy of nanofiltration (viresolve nfp) for the parvovirus b19 and hepatitis a virus]. | the safety of plasma derivatives has been reinforced since 1980s by variable pathogen inactivation or elimination techniques. nucleic acid amplification test (nat) for the source plasma has also been implemented worldwide. recently nanofiltration has been used in some country for ensuring safety of plasma derivatives to eliminate non-enveloped viruses such as parvovirus b19 (b19v) and hepatitis a virus (hav). we evaluated the efficacy of nanofiltration for the elimination of b19v and hav. | 2010 | 20197722 |
| [retrospective clinical epidemiology research on a sample of 277 patients with viral hepatitis a, 20-70 aged, from the suceava county, between 2001-2008]. | authors present some results of clinical epidemiological research carried out on a sample of 277 patients with viral hepatitis a (vha), hospitalized in suceava county, during 8 years. material and method: an annual evolution of vha incidence correlated with the epidemiological territorial situation was highlighted. results: incidence of vha in 20-40 age group represented 70.8%, and 33.5% in 20-25 age group. diagnosis index was unfavourable with influence for interval of hospitalization over 21 d ... | 2009 | 20191903 |
| bacterial and viral pathogens in live oysters: 2007 united states market survey. | two samples of market oysters, primarily from retail establishments, were collected twice each month in each of nine states during 2007. samples were shipped refrigerated overnight to five u.s. food and drug administration laboratories on a rotating basis and analyzed by most probable number (mpn) for total and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus and v. vulnificus numbers and for the presence of toxigenic v. cholerae, salmonella spp., norovirus (nov), and hepatitis a virus (hav). levels of indica ... | 2010 | 20190085 |
| duplex real-time qrt-pcr for the detection of hepatitis a virus in water and raspberries using the ms2 bacteriophage as a process control. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is the leading worldwide cause of acute viral hepatitis. an important aspect of viral control is rapid diagnosis. epidemiological studies have linked hepatitis a outbreaks to the consumption of drinking water or soft fruits exposed to faecal contamination. real-time reverse transcriptase pcr (qrt-pcr) is now widely used for detecting rna viruses in food samples. efficiency of viral concentration, nucleic acid extraction and the presence of potential inhibitors o ... | 2010 | 20188760 |
| detection and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis a virus and norovirus in marine recreational waters of mexico. | an investigation was conducted to determine hepatitis a virus (hav) and norovirus (nv) presence in marine recreational waters (mrws) from two mexican tourists beaches (altata and mazatlan), located at the northwestern state of sinaloa, mexico. also, binary logistic regression (blr) analyses were conducted between physicochemical parameters (temperature, turbidity and salinity) and viral organisms (hav and nv). a total of 32 mrws samples were collected from april to july of 2006. samples were pro ... | 2010 | 20154390 |
| predictors of hav/hbv vaccination completion among methadone maintenance clients. | this randomized, controlled study (n = 256) was conducted to compare three interventions designed to promote hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) vaccination completion among clients undergoing methadone maintenance (mm) treatment. participants were recruited from five mm treatment sites in southern california and randomized into three groups: motivational interviewing-single (mi-single), motivational interviewing-group (mi-group); and nurse-led hepatitis health promotion (hhp). a ... | 2010 | 20143328 |
| [phylogenetic analysis indicates human origin of rotavirus and hepatitis a virus strains found in the drinking water of western colombia]. | quibdó, the capital of chocó province, is one of the poorest cities in colombia. enteric viruses such as rotavirus and hepatitis a virus was found to occur commonly in city drinking water and indicated poor water quality and high risk of becoming infected. the source of these viruses was unknown, but humans and cattle were suspect sources. | 2009 | 20128346 |
| factors for predicting positive results for anti-hav igm retesting among initially seronegative patients. | the standard diagnostic tool for acute hepatitis a is detection of anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) immunoglobulin m (igm). however, a negative result for anti-hav igm can be obtained in the early phase of infection. among clinically suspicious seronegative patients, diagnosis of hepatitis a is sometimes recorded on retesting. | 2010 | 20108041 |
| detection of enteric viruses in sewage sludge and treated wastewater effluent. | sewage sludge and treated wastewater when contaminated with enteric virus and discharged into the environment, could pose a human health risk. the aim of study was to verify the presence and viability of enteric viruses in sewage sludge and treated wastewater at a local sewage plant in florianopolis city, brazil. sewage sludge was concentrated by organic flocculation and polyethylene glycol precipitation and wastewater by electronegative membrane filtration and ultrafiltration by centriprep conc ... | 2010 | 20107281 |
| molecular characterization of sewage-borne pathogens and detection of sewage markers in an urban stream in caracas, venezuela. | molecular characterization of two sewage-borne pathogens identified hepatitis a virus (hav) subgenotype ia and giardia duodenalis assemblages a and b as predominant genotypes circulating in an urban area of venezuela. this study reveals epidemiological features of human pathogens of worldwide distribution and the efficacy of molecular methods for accurate assessment of sewage pollution. | 2010 | 20097824 |
| experimental hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis): evidence of active extrahepatic site of hav replication. | this work studied the replication sites of hepatitis a virus (hav) in cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) after intravenous inoculation. the cynomolgus monkeys were inoculated with the brazilian hepatitis a virus strain (haf-203). monkeys were euthanized on days 15, 30, 45 and 60 postinoculation (pi). liver samples, submandibular salivary gland, mesenteric lymph node and tonsils were removed for virological and pathological evaluation. immunofluorescence analyses on liver and salivary gland ... | 2010 | 20096073 |
| [the immunogenicity and impact factors of hepatitis a attenuated live vaccine and inactivated vaccine]. | hepatitis a is one of the global public health problems, and china has high prevalence. in order to decrease the incidence of hepatitis a, china has integrated hepatitis a vaccine into expanded program on immunization (epi) in 2007. the paper will provide some ideas on the immunogenicity and impact factors of the different types of hepatitis a vaccines that are used in china. | 2009 | 20077742 |
| [comparison of antibody persistence between live attenuated and inactivated hepatitis a vaccines]. | to study the antibody persistence of live attenuated hepatitits a vaccine, and to compare the antibody between with inactivated vaccine. | 2009 | 20077725 |
| increasing incidence of hepatitis a in korean adults. | hepatitis a infection is caused by the hepatitis a virus (hav), which is transmitted through the fecal-oral route. lifelong protective antibodies are present after infection. the number of cases of adult hepatitis a has progressively been increasing during the last several decades in korea. in addition, the pattern of age-specific seroprevalence of anti-hav has changed with economic growth. the prevalence of anti-hav in the 10-50-year age range has declined rapidly during the last 3 decades. as ... | 2010 | 20068335 |
| is there a link between seropositivity to helicobacter pylori and hepatitis a virus? a systematic review. | since hepatitis a virus (hav) is acquired primarily through the fecal-oral pathway, several investigators have used hav seropositivity as a proxy for exposure to this pathway. this paper is a critical review of the evidence relevant to the association between seropositivity to hav and helicobacter pylori, and considers the validity of comparisons for testing the hypothesis that h. pylori spreads by the fecal-oral route. | 2010 | 20060352 |
| genotyping of hepatitis a virus detected in bivalve shellfish in galicia (nw spain). | hepatitis a virus (hav) represents a significant public health problem due to its high persistence in the environment and its transmission through contaminated water and food. bivalve shellfish are filter feeders that can bioaccumulate human pathogens found in contaminated waters, their consumption being a potential cause of hepatitis a outbreaks. in this work, cultured and wild bivalve shellfish from the ría de vigo (galicia, nw spain) were analysed for the presence and genotyping of hav. a tot ... | 2010 | 20057087 |
| [indication of determination of antibodies against hepatitis c and a viruses in the protocol for the care of young immigrants]. | to evaluate systematic determination of antibodies against hepatitis c virus (hcv) and hepatitis a virus (hav) within the protocols for the care of young immigrants (pcyi). | 2010 | 20053479 |
| [an epidemiological analysis of hepatitis a virus serologic markers during the recent four years in korea]. | to establish effective preventive measures for hepatitis a virus (hav) infection, a nationwide epidemiologic study on seroprevalence of anti-hav and the disease prevalence is needed. the aim of this study was to analyze the recent sero-epidemiological changes of hepatitis a markers in korea. | 2009 | 20046089 |
| [hepatitis a virus seropositivity among healthcare workers at a university hospital in korea]. | healthcare workers (hcw) are known as a risk group of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection and vaccination of this group against hav has been suggested. however, the seroprevalence of hav antibody among hcw in korea has not been reported. we investigated the seropositivity of hav antibody in hcw, to obtain a baseline data. | 2009 | 20046087 |
| general epidemiological parameters of viral hepatitis a, b, c, and e in six regions of china: a cross-sectional study in 2007. | viral hepatitis is a serious health burden worldwide. to date, few reports have addressed the prevalence of hepatitis a, b, c, and e in china. therefore, the general epidemiological parameters of viral hepatitis remain unknown. | 2009 | 20041146 |
| [a study on seroprevalence of anti-hav igg in adults of 4 cities in china]. | to investigate the seroprevalence of anti-hav igg in adults of 4 cities in china. | 2009 | 20038329 |
| [epidemiology and clinical features of acute hepatitis a: from the domestic perspective]. | acute viral hepatitis a has recently become a major public health problem in korea, and the incidence of symptomatic hepatitis a is growing rapidly. with improvements in socioeconomic conditions and environmental hygiene, the chances of exposure to hepatitis a virus (hav) during childhood have decreased and, in turn, the proportion of young adults with positive anti-hav has significantly decreased. this has led to the incidence of symptomatic acute hepatitis a increasing since the late 1990s. th ... | 2009 | 20037262 |
| evaluation of ha negatively charged membranes in the recovery of human adenoviruses and hepatitis a virus in different water matrices. | human adenoviruses (hadv) and hepatitis a virus (hav) are shed in the faeces and consequently may be present in environmental waters, resulting in an increase in pathogen concentration that can affect water quality and human health. the aim of this study was to evaluate an adsorption-elution method which utilizes negatively charged membrane ha to determine the efficient recovery of hadv and hav from different water matrices and to combine this procedure with a qualitative molecular method (neste ... | 2009 | 20027462 |
| identification of recombination between subgenotypes ia and ib of hepatitis a virus. | co-circulation of subgenotypes ia and ib of hepatitis a virus (hav) has been reported in south africa, south america, europe, and the united states. in this study, phylogenetic and recombination analyses were performed for the first time on 31 complete hav genomes from infected humans and simians. three potentially significant intra-genotypic recombination events (i-iii) were identified by recombination detection analysis. recombination events i and ii occurred between the lineages represented, ... | 2010 | 20012679 |
| viral hepatitis, hiv, human herpes virus and treponema pallidum infection in haemodialysis patients from kosovo, 2005. | the serological status of hepatitis viruses and other infectious diseases in the 66 dialysed patients of one haemodialysis unit in kosovo were studied, comparing the data with a large group of blood donors and out-patients. all dialysed patients were hepatitis a virus (hav) positive. prevalence of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), hepatitis b surface antibodies (anti-hbs), and hepatitis b core antibodies (anti-hbc) was 14 of 66, 21% (95% confidence interval (ci): 12-33%), 5 of 66, 8% (95%ci: ... | 2009 | 20003903 |
| hepatitis a virus antibodies in immunoglobulin preparations. | persons with primary immune deficiency receive intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig) as antibody replacement therapy. these patients depend on the presence of protective antibody levels against circulating pathogens in ivig. | 2010 | 19962745 |
| [hepatitis a virus detection in shellfish from tunisia by reverse transcription-nested pcr - investigation of a correlation between viral and bacterial contamination.] | objectives: we aimed at evaluating the contamination by hepatitis a virus (hav) of 54 shellfish samples collected from five tunisian shellfish harvesting areas and finding a correlation between bacterial and viral contamination. material and methods: fifty-four shellfish samples were analysed in our study. two methods of viral extraction were evaluated by reverse transcription-nested pcr. the first one was based on elution by glycine solution and the second one used a beef extract solution. bact ... | 2009 | 19944542 |
| an outbreak of hepatitis a in roma populations living in three prefectures in greece. | an outbreak of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection affected roma populations living in three prefectures of northeastern greece. between july and november 2007, 124 cases were reported. we carried out investigations to characterize the pathogen, to identify the source of infection and the route of transmission. using the rt-pcr technique, hav strains of the same genotype were detected in all sera from a subset of patients with acute disease. these showed more than 99.8% identity, suggesting a comm ... | 2010 | 19941688 |
| virosomal hepatitis a vaccine: comparing intradermal and subcutaneous with intramuscular administration. | vaccination against hepatitis a virus (hav) is unaffordable to many developing countries. substantial reductions in cost occur when vaccines are administered intradermally at low doses. aluminum-free hav vaccines are considered more suitable for intradermal use than traditional vaccines which can cause long-lasting local reactions. thus, we compared the immunogenicity and safety of an aluminum-free virosomal hav vaccine (epaxal) administered by different routes: intradermal (i.d.), subcutaneous ... | 2009 | 19930383 |
| hepatitis a virus (hav) packaging size limit. | hepatitis a virus (hav), an atypical picornaviridae that causes acute hepatitis in humans, grows poorly in cell culture and in general does not cause cytopathic effect. foreign sequences have been inserted into different parts of the hav genome. however, the packaging size limit of hav has not been determined. the purpose of the present study is to investigate the maximum size of additional sequences that the hav genome can tolerate without loosing infectivity. | 2009 | 19922643 |
| survival of hepatitis a virus in spinach during low temperature storage. | spinach leaves are frequently consumed raw and have been involved with past foodborne outbreaks. in this study, we examined the survival of hepatitis a virus (hav) on fresh spinach leaves in moisture- and gas-permeable packages that were stored at 5.4 +/- 1.2 degrees c for up to 42 days. different eluents including phosphate-buffered saline (pbs), ph 7.5 (with and without 2% serum), and 3% beef extract (ph 7.5 and 8) were compared for how efficiently they recovered viruses from spinach by using ... | 2009 | 19903406 |
| hepatitis a seroprevalence and risk factors among homeless adults in san francisco: should homelessness be included in the risk-based strategy for vaccination? | homeless adults have an increased risk of infectious diseases due to sexual and drug-related behaviors and substandard living conditions. we investigated the prevalence and risk factors for presence of hepatitis a virus (hav) antibodies among homeless and marginally housed adults. | 2009 | 19894423 |
| hepatitis a virus (hav) proteinase 3c inhibits hav ires-dependent translation and cleaves the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is still an important issue worldwide. a distinct set of viruses encode proteins that enhance viral cap-independent translation initiation driven by an internal ribosome entry site (ires) and suppress cap-dependent host translation. unlike cytolytic picornaviruses, replication of hav does not cause host cell shut off, and it has been questioned whether hav proteins interfere with its own and/or host translation. hav proteins were coexpressed in huh-7 cells with ... | 2010 | 19889140 |
| reduction in the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis a virus among young saudi adults: implications for hepatitis a vaccine. | viral etiology was investigated in 133 saudi patients with acute hepatitis seen in king khalid university hospital, riyadh. between july 1993-may 1994. out of the 133 patients, 51 (38.3%) were diagnosed as having acute hepatitis due to hepatitis a virus (hav). hepatitis c virus (hcv) was the second most common etiological agent (20.3%). there were 35 patients with acute hepatitis (26.3%) in whom no viral marker for hav, hbv, hcv, cmv or epstein-barr virus (ebv) was detected. among the 51 patient ... | 1995 | 19864857 |
| serological profile of sporadic acute viral hepatitis in an area of hyper-endemic hepatitis b virus infection. | located in the south western part of saudi arabia, the gizan region is largely a rural community in which hepatitis b and chronic liver disease including hepatocellular carcinoma are highly prevalent. | 2001 | 19861776 |
| the interaction of hepatitis a virus (hav) with soluble forms of its cellular receptor 1 (havcr1) share the physiological requirements of infectivity in cell culture. | hepatitis a virus (hav), an atypical picornaviridae that causes acute hepatitis in humans, usurps the hav cellular receptor 1 (havcr1) to infect cells. havcr1 is a class 1 integral membrane glycoprotein that contains two extracellular domains: a virus-binding immunoglobulin-like (igv) domain and a mucin-like domain that extends the igv from the cell membrane. soluble forms of havcr1 bind, alter, and neutralize cell culture-adapted hav, which is attenuated for humans. however, the requirements of ... | 2009 | 19860892 |
| development of a fluorescent in situ method for visualization of enteric viruses. | studying the interactions between enteric pathogens and their environment is important to improving our understanding of their persistence and transmission. however, this remains challenging in large part because of difficulties associated with tracking pathogens in their natural environment(s). in this study, we report a fluorescent labeling strategy which was applied to murine norovirus (mnv-1), a human norovirus surrogate, and hepatitis a virus (hav). specifically, streptavidin-labeled quantu ... | 2009 | 19854924 |
| community-based cross-sectional seroprevalence study of hepatitis a in bangladesh. | to elucidate the age-distribution of anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) seroprevalence across different socioeconomic status (ses) categories in bangladesh which, despite scarce data, is generally deemed to have high endemicity. | 2009 | 19842225 |
| current issues in the management of paediatric viral hepatitis. | viral hepatitis poses important problems for children. in preschoolers, hepatitis a virus (hav) infection frequently causes acute liver failure. vaccinating toddlers against hav in countries with high endemicity is expected to decrease mortality. hav vaccine demonstrates efficacy (comparable to immunoglobulin) as post-exposure prophylaxis. a recently developed vaccine against hepatitis e virus (hev) may benefit fetal health, because pregnant women are most prone to acute liver failure as a resul ... | 2010 | 19840256 |
| [prevalence of anti-hepatitis a virus antibodies in chidren in marrakech]. | to determine the prevalence of anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) antibodies among moroccan children and to examine some of the factors influencing its transmission. | 2009 | 19836677 |
| clinical features of acute renal failure associated with hepatitis a virus infection. | acute hepatitis a (aha) is one of the most common infectious diseases; it is usually a self-limiting disease affecting the liver. although extrahepatic manifestations are not common, some cases have been reported associated with acute renal failure. we reviewed the clinical features of patients with aha complicated by acute renal failure (arf group) and compared them with patients with noncomplicated aha (non-arf group). the medical records of 208 consecutive patients with aha who were diagnosed ... | 2010 | 19824944 |
| high prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis a virus among captive nonhuman primates. | hepatitis a virus (hav) can infect not only humans but also several other nonhuman primates. this study has been conducted to evaluate the comprehensive anti-hav seroprevalence in captive nonhuman primate populations in thailand. the prevalence of antibodies against hav in 96 captive nonhuman primates of 11 species was evaluated by competitive enzyme immunoassay (eia). hav antibodies were found in 64.7% (11/17) of macaques, 85.7% (6/7) of langurs, 28.4% (10/35) of gibbons, and 94.6% (35/37) of o ... | 2010 | 19821010 |
| risk assessment in shellfish-borne outbreaks of hepatitis a. | in the present work, we aimed at determining the relationship between the hepatitis a virus (hav) numbers in imported frozen coquina clams involved in two hepatitis outbreaks, as well as the risk for human health. due to hav unculturability, a standardized taqman real-time reverse transcription-pcr controlling the virus/nucleic acid extraction and enzyme efficiencies was employed to figure the exposure dose for clams responsible for hepatitis cases. hav numbers were then employed to figure the r ... | 2009 | 19820160 |
| vaccination strategies against hepatitis a in travelers older than 40 years: an economic evaluation. | in recent years, the number of travelers aged >40 years who acquire hepatitis a while traveling has increased. therefore, there is a need to review hepatitis a vaccination protocols in travelers. the aims of the study were to assess immunity levels to hepatitis a virus (hav) in international travelers >40 years and to determine the least costly immunization strategy. | 2009 | 19796106 |
| natural course of fulminant hepatic failure: the scenario in bangladesh and the differences from the west. | fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) is a devastating complication of acute viral hepatitis, leading to death in most cases. the etiology and predictors of outcome differ according to the geographical region. this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the etiology, complications, and outcome of fhf in bangladesh. | 2009 | 19794267 |
| assessment of human enteric viruses in cultured and wild bivalve molluscs. | standard and real-time reverse transcription-pcr (rrt-pcr) procedures were used to monitor cultured and wild bivalve molluscs from the ría de vigo (nw spain) for the main human enteric rna viruses, specifically, norovirus (nov), hepatitis a virus (hav), astrovirus (asv), rotavirus (rt), enterovirus (ev), and aichi virus (aiv). the results showed the presence of at least one enteric virus in 63.4% of the 41 samples analyzed. nov gii was the most prevalent virus, detected in 53.7% of the samples, ... | 2009 | 19784920 |
| viral and bacterial contamination in recreational waters: a case study in the lisbon bay area. | to assess the presence of viral pathogens in bathing water samples and to evaluate the interdependency of bacterial indicator counts and viral detection. | 2010 | 19761463 |
| nested real-time pcr for hepatitis a detection. | the hepatitis a virus (hav) is one of the most important human foodborne pathogens causing a number of worldwide outbreaks each year. the detection of hav in food samples remains a complex issue, because commonly used detection tools, such as conventional or even real-time pcr assays, are often unable to detect hav with sufficient sensitivity. the aims of this study were to develop highly sensitive and specific nested real-time pcr (nrt-pcr)-based method for hav detection in food and to compare ... | 2009 | 19732327 |
| full length genomes of genotype iiia hepatitis a virus strains (1995-2008) from india and estimates of the evolutionary rates and ages. | with the changing epidemiology, outbreaks of hepatitis a virus (hav) have been reported from different parts of india. to characterize hav strains circulating in india (1995-2008), 6 full genome sequences of the predominant genotype, iiia, were determined. further, applying the bayesian markov chain monte carlo (mcmc) framework to the full genomes of indian hav strains as well as other global strains (human as well as simian), we derived the mean nucleotide substitution rate and evolutionary tim ... | 2009 | 19723592 |
| comparative study of two extraction methods for enteric virus recovery from sewage sludge by molecular methods. | the aim of this study was to compare two nucleic acid extraction methods for the recovery of enteric viruses from activated sludge. test samples were inoculated with human adenovirus (adv), hepatitis a virus (hav), poliovirus (pv) and rotavirus (rv) and were then processed by an adsorption-elution-precipitation method. two extraction methods were used: an organic solvent-based method and a silica method. the organic-based method was able to recoup 20% of the adv, 90% of the rv and 100% of both t ... | 2009 | 19722079 |
| molecular epidemiology of hepatitis a virus in the south-east area of gyeonggi-do in korea. | hepatitis a virus (hav) has been a leading cause of acute hepatitis in korea. the reported genotypes of acute hepatitis a in korea are the subgenotype ia and ib. the aim of the present study is to investigate hav genotypes in the south-east area of gyeonggi-do in korea. | 2009 | 19718398 |
| a microarray based approach for the identification of common foodborne viruses. | an oligonucleotide array (microarray) incorporating 13,000 elements representing selected strains of hepatitis a virus (hav), human coxsackieviruses a and b (cva and cvb), genogroups i and ii of norovirus (nv), and human rotavirus (rv) gene segments 3,4,10, and 11 was designed based on the principle of tiling. each oligonucleotide was 29 bases long, starting at every 5th base of every sequence, resulting in an overlap of 24 bases in two consecutive oligonucleotides. the applicability of the arra ... | 2009 | 19718237 |
| development of a high pressure processing inactivation model for hepatitis a virus. | high pressure processing (hpp) inactivation data were obtained for hepatitis a virus (hav) suspended in buffered growth medium containing salt at either 15 or 30 g/liter. pressures between 300 and 500 mpa were applied for treatment times of 60 to 600 s. in medium containing 15 g/liter salt, the hav titer was reduced by approximately 1 and 2 log 50% tissue culture infectious dose units (tcid50) per ml after 600 s of treatment with 300 and 400 mpa, respectively. under the same treatment conditions ... | 2009 | 19681266 |
| inactivation and elimination of human enteric viruses by pacific oysters. | to investigate the comparative elimination of three different human enterically transmitted viruses [i.e. hepatitis a virus (hav), norovirus (nov) and poliovirus (pv)] and inactivation of hav and pv by pacific oysters. | 2009 | 19674189 |
| hepatitis a outbreaks in china during 2006: application of molecular epidemiology. | in china, hepatitis is a huge public health problem. outbreaks of hepatitis a are the most frequent cause of acute hepatitis, and to date, few epidemiologic investigations or molecular surveillance studies have been performed. | 2009 | 19669361 |
| epidemiological and genetic analysis of a sustained community-wide outbreak of hepatitis a in the republic of korea, 2008: a hospital-based case-control study. | the epidemiological shift of hepatitis a has contributed to a sustained community-wide outbreak in korea during 2008. | 2009 | 19665426 |
| [detection and quantification of hepatitis a virus in tianjin coastal seawater of bohai bay]. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is single-strainded rna virus that causes infectious hepatitis a. detection and quantification of hepatitis a virus in tianjin coastal seawater of bohai bay were carried out by conventional rt-pcr and sybr green real-time quantitative rt-pcr using the primers based on the conserved sequence at the vp1-vp2 genes of hav. the nine samples were taken at tianjin coastal seawater of bohai bay locating in the south of tanggu, in summer, autumn and winter of 2007 and spring of 20 ... | 2009 | 19662838 |
| a novel method for concentrating hepatitis a virus and caliciviruses from bottled water. | human enteric viruses are detected frequently in various types of environmental water samples, such as irrigation water, wastewater, recreational water, ground or subsurface water and even drinking water, constituting a primary source of gastroenteritis or hepatitis outbreaks. only a few, but still infective number of viral particles are normally present in water samples, therefore an efficient virus concentration procedure is essential prior to molecular detection of the viral nucleic acid. in ... | 2009 | 19646482 |
| hepatitis a and e virus infections among children in mongolia. | to compare the epidemiologic profiles of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) infections in children in mongolia, the prevalence of hav and hev infections was studied serologically and molecularly among 520 apparently healthy children 7-12 years of age (mean +/- standard deviation, 8.5 +/- 0.8 years) using serum samples obtained in 2004. total antibody against hav (anti-hav) was detected in 438 children (84.2%), whereas igg antibody against hev (anti-hev igg) was detected in only ... | 2009 | 19635878 |
| an in-house-anti-hepatitis a virus (hav)-specific immunoglobulin m capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: evaluation and application to an hav outbreak. | an anti-hepatitis a virus (hav)-specific immunoglobulin m capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (anti-hav igm elisa) kit was re-designed for laboratory use and compared with a commercial anti-hav igm detection system using 58 serum samples collected from patients, vaccines, and healthy individuals. because concordance between the two systems was high (r = 0.93, p < 0.05), 19 sets of serum and fecal samples obtained from individuals exposed to an hav outbreak were also examined. serum levels ... | 2009 | 19623670 |
| hepatitis a outbreak epidemiologically linked to a food handler in melbourne, victoria. | hepatitis a is caused by the hepatitis a virus (hav). transmission occurs by the faecal-oral route, either by direct contact with an hav-infected person or by ingestion of hav-contaminated food or water. hepatitis a outbreaks are uncommon in australia. in 2008, victoria experienced an outbreak of hepatitis a due to an infected food handler. | 2009 | 19618771 |
| virologic and immunologic correlates with the magnitude of antibody responses to the hepatitis a vaccine in hiv-infected children on highly active antiretroviral treatment. | hiv-infected individuals mount poor antibody responses to vaccines. we sought to identify the immunologic and virologic factors associated with a robust response to hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccine in children on highly active antiretroviral treatment. | 2009 | 19617848 |
| rapid detection of anti-hepatitis a virus neutralizing antibodies in a microplate enzyme immunoassay. | the slow growth of hepatitis a virus (hav) in cell culture is one of the primary pitfalls in the development of sensitive and rapid methods for the detection and quantification of hav and associated neutralizing antibodies. currently, in vitro assays frequently require 8 days or more to detect and quantify the presence of hav neutralizing antibodies. this study describes a rapid immunoassay that allowed the detection of anti-hav neutralizing antibodies in only 3 days. this microplate-based enzym ... | 2009 | 19608692 |
| characterization of anti-idiotypic antibodies mimicking antibody- and receptor-binding sites on hepatitis a virus. | two anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies (mab2s; named 94-2 and 94-7), were generated from a balb/c mouse immunized with human monoclonal anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) neutralizing antibody kf94. we characterized the properties of the mab2s and determined interactions between mab2s, kf94 and hav using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence assay and hav infectivity assay. inactivated hav inhibited mab2 binding to kf94, indicating that the mab2s mimicked the hav neutralization site ... | 2009 | 19578927 |
| [efficacy and safety of vaccination against hepatitis a and b in patients with chronic liver disease]. | vaccination to protect against hepatitis a and b should be part of the routine management of patients with chronic liver disease (cld). | 2009 | 19577338 |
| previous hepatitis a virus infection is related to slower psychomotor speed in elderly adults. | patients with chronic viral hepatitis are at a higher risk for cognitive dysfunction. little is known about the association between hepatitis a virus (hav) infection and cognitive function. | 2009 | 19561144 |
| wastewater workers and hepatitis a virus infection. | the main occupational hazard of wastewater workers (wws) is the direct exposure to the variety of infectious agents present in sewage material, with hepatitis a virus (hav) being the most frequent one. most epidemiological studies have shown a higher risk of hepatitis a among wws, although some studies have produced conflicting evidence. | 2009 | 19561054 |
| no evidence of intrauterine transmission of hepatitis a virus from a mother to a premature infant. | to determine whether or not an intrauterine transmission of hepatitis a virus (hav) occurred from an infected mother to her premature infant delivered by caesarean section. | 2009 | 19558626 |
| increase of atypical lymphocytes expressing cd4+/cd45ro+ in an infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome associated with hepatitis a virus infection. | subpopulations of regular and atypical lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of a 24-year-old man with an infectious mononucleosis (im)-like syndrome associated with hepatitis a virus (hav) infection were analyzed. the ratio of cd4+ to cd8+ cells was in the normal range (1.19 and 1.23 in the regular and atypical lymphocytes, respectively), with no increase in cd8+ cells. the percentage of cd8+/cd11b- cells was not increased in the atypical lymphocytes. however, cd45ro+ was expressed on 86.3% of cd ... | 2009 | 19554404 |
| incidence trends of viral hepatitis a, b, and c seropositivity over eight years of surveillance in saudi arabia. | in saudi arabia, viral hepatitis ranked the second most common reportable viral disease in 2007, with almost 9000 new cases diagnosed in that year. the objective of this study was to determine the incidence trends of viral hepatitis seropositivity among the population served by the national guard health affairs (ngha) hospitals in the central, eastern, and western saudi arabia regions. | 2010 | 19540786 |
| synthesis and antiviral evaluation of 5-(1,2,3-triazol-1-ylmethyl)uridine derivatives. | some 5-(1,2,3-triazol-1-ylmethyl)uridine derivatives were synthesized via the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of a 5-azidomethyluridine derivative with substituted acetylenes. the antiviral activities of these compounds against hepatitis a virus (hav, mbb cell culture-adapted strain) and herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) were tested. | 2009 | 19526706 |
| the epidemiology of hepatitis a virus infections in four pacific island nations, 1995-2008. | historically, hepatitis a virus (hav) has been highly prevalent in developing countries, with most infections occurring during childhood, when they are likely to be asymptomatic. shifts in the acquisition of infection from childhood to adulthood, when clinical hepatitis is more likely, may leave populations vulnerable to large outbreaks. we conducted cross-sectional serosurveys from 1995 to 2008 in four pacific island nations to determine the proportion of people previously infected with hav by ... | 2009 | 19520409 |
| hepatitis c performance measure on hepatitis a and b vaccination: missed opportunities? | prevention of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection in patients with chronic hepatitis c (chc) through vaccination is endorsed by all major professional societies. this study was conducted to determine adherence to the recently adopted physician performance measure on hav and hbv vaccination. | 2009 | 19491840 |
| surveillance for acute viral hepatitis - united states, 2007. | in the united states, acute viral hepatitis most frequently is caused by infection with any of three distinct viruses: hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), or hepatitis c virus (hcv). these unrelated viruses are transmitted through different routes and have different epidemiologic profiles. safe and effective vaccines have been available for hepatitis b since 1981 and for hepatitis a since 1995. no vaccine exists against hepatitis c. hbv and hcv can persist as chronic infections and ... | 2009 | 19478727 |
| hepatitis vaccination and infection among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men who attend gyms in new york city. | the authors examined hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) vaccination rates, hepatitis infection, and health care access in a gym-attending sample of 311 gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (msm) in new york city. overall, 69% reported having been vaccinated for hav and 70% reported having been vaccinated for hbv. multivariate models were used to identify predictors of hav and hbv vaccination, and younger men, hiv-positive men, and men who had access to a doctor or ... | 2009 | 19477727 |
| kinetics of hepatitis a virus replication in vivo and in vitro using negative-strand quantitative pcr. | the replication of hepatitis a virus (hav) is via a complementary negative-strand rna. each negative strand may serve as a template for the synthesis of many positive strands. the aim of this study was to detect the intermediate replicative (negative strand) of hav in order to monitor its replication in vitro and in vivo. real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was standardized to detect the intermediate replicative of hav in cell culture and liver from non-human primates infected experimental ... | 2009 | 19468763 |
| molecular characterization of hepatitis a virus isolated from acute gastroenteritis patients in the seoul region of korea. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is a major public health problem throughout the world. as a result of declining hav endemic in korea, an increasing number of children and adolescents have become susceptible to hav infection. hav is related with sanitation conditions of the environment and is transmitted via the fecal-oral route, either through person-to-person contact or by contaminated water and food. the present study has been carried out to determine the phylogenetic analysis and circulating patterns ... | 2009 | 19466614 |
| significant loss of hepatitis a ab after allogeneic hematopoietic sct in pediatric patients. | loss of specific immunity after hematopoietic sct (hsct) is well documented for polio, measles, mumps and tetanus. there are limited studies reporting the loss of hepatitis a virus immunity and no reports evaluating the effect of donor immunity on hepatitis a virus (hav) immunity loss after hsct. a total of 49 of the 81 patients who received hsct at the ankara university pediatric hsct unit from january 1997 to december 2006 had hav serology tested before hsct and were evaluated for seroprevalen ... | 2010 | 19465941 |
| high prevalence of autoantibodies in hepatitis a infection: the impact on laboratory profiles. | in the absence of igm antibodies against hepatitis a virus (hav), hav infections can be regarded as autoimmune hepatitis when they show positive autoantibodies by indirect immunofluorescence and lack other viral markers. the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, titres and impact of autoantibodies in korean patients with hav infection. | 2009 | 19465407 |
| [features of antigen-antibody interaction during use of linear synthetic peptides and multipeptide antigen modeling antigenic determinants of hepatitis a virus]. | to study features of antigen-antibody interaction during use of linear synthetic peptides and multipeptide antigen modelling antigenic determinants of hepatitis a virus (hav) and to evaluate perspectives for use of heterogeneous tetrameric multipeptide antigens for detection of hav serological markers. | 2009 | 19459474 |
| virus inactivation during the freeze-drying processes as used for the manufacture of plasma-derived medicinal products. | freeze-drying is a technology widely used during the production of plasma-derived medicinal products. several studies have shown that freeze-drying can also result in virus inactivation and particularly of hepatitis a virus (hav). to date, however, the variables critical for virus inactivation during freeze-drying have not been investigated systematically. | 2009 | 19453977 |
| sero-epidemiology of hepatitis a virus infection among healthcare workers in korean hospitals. | hepatitis a virus (hav) has been increasingly reported in korea as has an outbreak in korean healthcare workers (hcws). this 2008 study evaluated the sero-epidemiology of hav infections among 3696 hcws in four korean hospitals. hcws were tested for immunoglobulin g anti-hav antibodies using commercially available kits. data including demographic characteristics, occupation, workplace and serological status for other hepatitis viruses were collected. statistical analyses were conducted to identif ... | 2009 | 19446368 |
| hepatitis vaccination and prophylaxis. | the three most commonly identified causes of viral hepatitis in the united states are hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), and hepatitis c virus (hcv). hundreds of millions of people worldwide are infected by these viruses; many experience illness as a result. this article discusses current recommendations for vaccination and other forms of prophylaxis aimed at minimizing the clinical effects of these viruses. | 2009 | 19442921 |
| synthesis of new acridines and hydrazones derived from cyclic beta-diketone for cytotoxic and antiviral evaluation. | cyclic beta-diketone namely, dimedone was utilized to prepare different chemical entities whether cyclic such as acridines, thiadiazole and triazole or acyclic systems as hydrazide, hydrazones, thiosemicarbazide and semicarbazide. the structures of the novel compounds were determined using elemental analyses and various spectroscopic methods. most acyclic derivatives especially semicarbazide 19, hydrazide 9 and thiosemicarbazide 16 showed a higher in vitro cytotoxic activity against hepatoma cel ... | 2009 | 19423201 |
| unilateral palatal and abducens palsy in childhood hepatitis a virus infection. | isolated cranial nerve paresis in childhood hepatitis a virus infection is rare. the authors report an instance of concomitant right-hand side palatal and abducens palsy, developing in the course of an otherwise uncomplicated hepatitis a virus infection in a 5-year-old girl. the neurological complications were transient, and she recovered completely with supportive therapy. | 2009 | 19406760 |
| [prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis a and b in hiv-1-infected children and adolescents]. | patients coinfected with hiv and hepatitis b virus (hbv) have a higher risk of developing chronic hbv infection and a higher risk of hepatotoxicity. hepatitis a virus (hav) in hiv-infected patients may require antiretroviral treatment interruption, producing prolonged viremia. in this study, we assess the prevalence of protective antibodies in these patients. | 2009 | 19403205 |
| inactivation of enteric viruses in minimally processed berries and herbs. | several hepatitis a virus (hav) and human norovirus (hunov) outbreaks due to consumption of contaminated berries and vegetables have recently been reported. model experiments were performed to determine the effectiveness of freeze-drying, freeze-drying combined with heating, and steam blanching for inactivation of enteric viruses that might be present on the surface of berries and herbs. inactivation of hav and inactivation of feline calicivirus, a surrogate for hunov, were assessed by viral cul ... | 2009 | 19395576 |
| the feline calicivirus as a sample process control for the detection of food and waterborne rna viruses. | many food and waterborne outbreaks of infectious disease are caused by viruses. while numerous methods exist and are being developed to test food and water for the presence of enteric viruses, there is no standard control for the comparison of different methods. potential control viruses should be well characterized, share the physical characteristics of the enterically infecting viruses and not normally be associated with foods. here, the feline calicivirus (fcv) is proposed as a sample process ... | 2009 | 19394102 |
| hepatitis a seroprevalence and demographics in turkish children in ankara. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is the most common cause of hepatitis in childhood and an important public health problem. the objective of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis a and patient demographics in children between 1 and 15 years old who were admitted to a pediatric outpatient clinic in ankara, turkey. | 2009 | 19371270 |
| hepatitis a and hepatitis b vaccination responses in persons with chronic hepatitis c infections: a review of the evidence and current recommendations. | in persons with chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infections, superinfection by hepatitis a virus (hav) or hepatitis b virus (hbv) can cause serious complications, including fulminating hepatitis or increased severity of hepatitis. therefore, it is important to adequately protect persons with chronic hcv infections by immunization. suboptimal response to vaccines has been reported in patients with chronic liver disease. the present article reviews hav and hbv vaccine responses reported in the lite ... | 2008 | 19352452 |
| post-exposure prophylaxis for hepatitis a: immune globulin, vaccine or both? | 2008 | 19350959 | |
| use of dried serum spots for serological and molecular detection of hepatitis a virus. | we assessed the feasibility of using dried serum spots (dss) for the serological and molecular diagnosis of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection. sixty-eight sera spotted onto filter papers (whatman international ltd., united kingdom) were used for detection of total anti-hav antibodies, and 64 sera were used for detection of immunoglobulin m antibody to hav. dss were stored at 4 degrees c, room temperature, and 37 degrees c for 1, 2, and 4 weeks. sensitivity and specificity of the serological assa ... | 2009 | 19321728 |
| a shot in the rear, not a shot in the dark: application of a mass clinic framework in a public health emergency. | an outbreak of foodborne hepatitis a infection compelled two regional health departments in eastern tennessee to implement an emergency mass clinic for providing hepatitis immune serum globulin (isg) to several thousand potentially exposed people. for the mass clinic framework, we utilized the smallpox post-event clinic plans of the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc), although the plans had only been exercised for smallpox. following cdc's guidelines for staffing and organizing the ... | 2009 | 19320362 |
| hepatitis a seroprevalence in tuscany, italy. | information regarding the current seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) is useful for the control of hav infections. the objective of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of anti-hav antibodies among children (1-5 years old) and young adults (15-20 years old) in tuscany, in central italy. a total of 565 sera were collected in three years 1992, 1998 and 2004, equally distributed between the two age groups. the overal proportion of those that tested positive for anti-hav antibodies was 8.3 ... | 2009 | 19317984 |
| evaluation of murine norovirus as a surrogate for human norovirus and hepatitis a virus in heat inactivation studies. | to determine the suitability of murine norovirus (mnv) as a surrogate for human norovirus (hunov) in heat inactivation studies. | 2009 | 19298511 |
| the effect of universal toddlers-only hepatitis a virus vaccination program on seropositivity rate in unvaccinated toddlers: evidence for reduced virus circulation in the community. | in july 1999, a national toddler-only hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccination program was introduced in israel. passive and active surveillance showed a large reduction in disease rate, but an objective measurement was needed. we hypothesized that toddler's vaccination in a population living in an endemic area would reduce virus circulation, resulting in reduced hav seropositivity rates in unvaccinated toddlers. | 2009 | 19295466 |
| dengue fever with hepatitis e and hepatitis a infection. | infection with dengue viruses produces a spectrum of clinical illness ranging from a nonspecific viral syndrome to severe and fatal haemorrhagic disease. important risk factors include the strain and serotype of the infecting virus, as well as the age, immune status, and genetic predisposition of the patient. the teaching point in this case study was dengue fever which occurred concomitantly with hepatitis a and hepatitis e virus infection. | 2009 | 19288948 |
| clinical features and predictors of outcome in acute hepatitis a and hepatitis e virus hepatitis on cirrhosis. | acute hepatitis a and e are recognized triggers of hepatic decompensation in patients with cirrhosis, particularly from the indian subcontinent. however, the resulting acute-on-chronic liver failure (aclf) has not been well characterized and no large studies are available. our study aimed to evaluate the clinical profile and predictors of 3-month mortality in patients with this distinctive form of liver failure. | 2009 | 19267864 |
| detection of hepatitis a virus rna from children patients with acute and fulminant hepatitis of unknown etiology in vietnam: genomic characterization of vietnamese hav strain. | although it is thought that vietnam is a high endemic region of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection, there is no report on genomic characterization of hav spread in vietnam. the purpose of the present paper was therefore to identify various virus infections from 33 children with acute or fulminant hepatitis of unknown etiology admitted to children's hospital no.1 in ho chi minh city, vietnam. | 2008 | 19261107 |
| epidemiological transition of hepatitis a in india: issues for vaccination in developing countries. | with improvement in economic and living conditions of the communities, the age of acquiring hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is shifting from early childhood to adolescence and young adulthood. such epidemiological shift leads to an increased incidence of symptomatic hav infection, including heightened risk of liver failure. data from india indicate that the population is no longer homogeneous for its hav exposure profile. occasional outbreaks of hav and higher proportions of symptomatic cases ... | 2008 | 19246792 |