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responses of beneficial bacillus amyloliquefaciens sqr9 to different soilborne fungal pathogens through the alteration of antifungal compounds production.bacillus amyloliquefaciens sqr9 exhibited predominantly antagonistic activities against a broad range of soilborne pathogens. the fungi-induced sqr9 extracts possess stronger antifungal activities compared with sqr9 monoculture extracts. to investigate how sqr9 fine-tunes lipopeptides (lps) and a siderophore bacillibactin production to control different fungal pathogens, lps and bacillibactin production and transcription of the respective encoding genes in sqr9 were measured and compared with si ...201425484880
impact of water potential on growth and germination of fusarium solani soilborne pathogen of peanut.studies were conducted to determine the effect of osmotic and matric stress on germination and growth of two fusarium solani strains, the etiological agent responsible of peanut brown root rot. both strains had similar osmotic and matric potential ranges that allowed growth, being the latter one narrower. f. solani showed the ability to grow down to -14 mpa at 25 °c in non-ionic modified osmotic medium, while under matric stress this was limited to -8.4 mpa at 25 °c. however, both strains were s ...201425477950
fusarium brain abscess: case report and literature review.severely immunocompromised patients such as those with haematological malignancies and haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients are at an increased risk of acquiring invasive mould infections. fusarium, a ubiquitous fungus, can cause potentially fatal infections in such hosts. it usually manifests as skin lesions, fevers and sino-pulmonary infections. brain abscesses have been reported, but are relatively uncommon. we report a case of a 50-year-old patient with acute lymphocytic leukaemia ...201525476184
non-host disease resistance response in pea (pisum sativum) pods: biochemical function of drr206 and phytoalexin pathway localization.continually exposed to potential pathogens, vascular plants have evolved intricate defense mechanisms to recognize encroaching threats and defend themselves. they do so by inducing a set of defense responses that can help defeat and/or limit effects of invading pathogens, of which the non-host disease resistance response is the most common. in this regard, pea (pisum sativum) pod tissue, when exposed to fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli spores, undergoes an inducible transcriptional activation of ...201525457488
role of activated macrophages in experimental fusarium solani keratitis.macrophages under the conjunctival tissue are the first line defender cells of the corneas. elimination of these cells would lead to aggravation of fungal keratitis. to determine how the course of fungal keratitis would be altered after the activation of these macrophages, a murine model was achieved by intrastromal instillation of latex beads before the corneas were infected with fusarium solani. the keratitis was observed and clinically scored daily. infected corneas were homogenized for colon ...201425447809
multidrug resistant fusarium keratitis.we report a case of keratitis in a female contact lens wearer, who developed a deep corneal abscess. the culture of a corneal biopsy scraping was positive for multiresistant fusarium solani. the patient has a complicated clinical course and failed to respond to local and systemic antifungal treatment, requiring eye enucleation.201525443198
epidemiological profile of fungal keratitis in sfax (tunisia).fungal keratitis is responsible for a significant burden of blinding disease in the developing world.201425442924
primary cutaneous cryptococcosis caused by cryptococcus gattii vgii in a tsunami survivor from thailand.skin and soft tissue fungal infections with apophysomyces elegans, fusarium solani, cladophialophora bantiana have been reported in survivors from 2004 indian ocean tsunami. we report the first case of primary cutaneous cryptococcosis caused by cryptococcus gattii vgii in a tsunami survivor from thailand.201425379396
antifungal activity and computational study of constituents from piper divaricatum essential oil against fusarium infection in black pepper.fusarium disease causes considerable losses in the cultivation of piper nigrum, the black pepper used in the culinary world. brazil was the largest producer of black pepper, but in recent years has lost this hegemony, with a significant reduction in its production, due to the ravages produced by the fusarium solani f. sp. piperis, the fungus which causes this disease. scientific research seeks new alternatives for the control and the existence of other piper species in the brazilian amazon, resi ...201425375334
an ammonium sulfate sensitive chitinase from streptomyces sp. cs501.a chitinase from streptomyces sp. cs501 was isolated from the korean soil sample, purified by single-step chromatography, and biochemically characterized. the extracellular chitinase (ch501) was purified to 4.60 fold with yield of 28.74 % using sepharose cl-6b column. the molecular mass of ch501 was approximately 43 kda as estimated by sds-page and zymography. the enzyme (ch501) was found to be stable over a broad ph range (5.0-10.0) and temperature (up to 50 °c), and have an optimum temperature ...201425359199
new insights into the structure and mode of action of mo-cbp3, an antifungal chitin-binding protein of moringa oleifera seeds.mo-cbp3 is a chitin-binding protein purified from moringa oleifera lam. seeds that displays inhibitory activity against phytopathogenic fungi. this study investigated the structural properties and the antifungal mode of action of this protein. to this end, circular dichroism spectroscopy, antifungal assays, measurements of the production of reactive oxygen species and microscopic analyses were utilized. mo-cbp3 is composed of 30.3% α-helices, 16.3% β-sheets, 22.3% turns and 30.4% unordered forms ...201425347074
enhancement of biocontrol activities and cyclic lipopeptides production by chemical mutagenesis of bacillus subtilis xf-1, a biocontrol agent of plasmodiophora brassicae and fusarium solani.bacillus subtilis xf-1 has been used as a biocontrol agent of clubroot disease of crucifers infected by plasmodiophora brassicae, an obligate pathogen. in order to maximize the growth inhibition of the pathogen, random mutagenesis using n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine was applied to strain xf-1. the efficacy of 226 selected mutants was assessed against the growth of an indicator fungal pathogen: fusarium solani using agar plate assay and the disruptive effects on the resting spores of p. br ...201425320450
preferential promotion of lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) growth by plant growth promoting bacteria associated with tomato.a total of 74 morphologically distinct bacterial colonies were selected during isolation of bacteria from different parts of tomato plant (rhizoplane, phylloplane and rhizosphere) as well as nearby bulk soil. the isolates were screened for plant growth promoting (pgp) traits such as production of indole acetic acid, siderophore, chitinase and hydrogen cyanide as well as phosphate solubilization. seven isolates viz., nr4, nr6, rp3, pp1, rs4, rp6 and nr1 that exhibited multiple pgp traits were ide ...201425320438
last generation triazoles for imported eumycetoma in eleven consecutive adults.optimal management of eumycetoma, a severely debilitating chronic progressive fungal infection of skin, disseminating to bone and viscera, remains challenging. especially, optimal antifungal treatment and duration are ill defined.201425299610
root rot of balloon flower (platycodon grandiflorum) caused by fusarium solani and fusarium oxysporum.balloon flower (platycodon grandiflorum) is a kind of mountain herbs whose roots have restorative properties and the cultivating acreage of balloon flower has been steadily increasing in korea. more frequent rain and high amount of rainfalls as a result of climate changes predisposed balloon flower to the outbreaks of root rot at high-density cultivation area in recent years. root crowns were usually discolored into brown to blackish brown at first and the infected plants showed slight wilting s ...201325288973
psd1 binding affinity toward fungal membrane components as assessed by spr: the role of glucosylceramide in fungal recognition and entry.psd1 is a plant defensin that has antifungal activity against several pathogenic and nonpathogenic fungi. previous analysis of psd1 chemical shift perturbations by nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy demonstrated that this defensin interacts with phospholipids and the sphingolipid glucosylceramide isolated from fusarium solani (glccer(fusarium solani)). in this study, these interactions were evaluated by real-time surface plasmon resonance (spr) analysis. the data obtained demonstrated ...201425283273
status of the effectiveness of contact lens solutions against keratitis-causing pathogens.the aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial effects of marketed contact lens disinfecting solutions.201525280981
effects of contact lens solution disinfectants against filamentous fungi.to assess and compare the antifungal activity of polyhexamethylene biguanide (phmb), thimerosal, cetylpyridinium chloride, and chlorhexidine, which are disinfectants used in multipurpose disinfectant solutions (mpdss) against ocular pathogenic fusarium solani and aspergillus flavus isolates in vitro.201425279782
an unusual cause of an ankle mass.we report the case of a patient who presented with a 7-year history of a mass over the medial aspect of his right ankle, which had been gradually increasing in size. he had given up his occupation as a bus driver due to decreased movement of his ankle. an initial diagnosis of endemic syphilis was made after treponemal antibody and treponema pallidum particle agglutination tests were positive. however, following surgical debulking, cultures grew fusarium solani and the diagnosis was changed to eu ...201425260425
fusarium solani infection in a kidney transplant recipient.hyalo hypho mycosis due to fusarium species mainly occurs in immunocompromised hosts. the clinical presentation varies from localized to disseminated involvement. a case of localized cutaneous fusariosis caused by fusarium solani in a renal transplant patient is described and the skin manifestations of the disease are discussed.201425249722
morphological and phylogenetic analysis of fusarium solani species complex in malaysia.members of fusarium solani species complex (fssc) have been known as plant, animal, and human pathogens. nevertheless, the taxonomic status of such an important group of fungi is still very confusing and many new species as well as lineages have been elucidated recently. unfortunately, most of the new taxa came from temperate and subtropical regions. therefore, the objectives of the present study were to identify strains of fssc recovered from different sources in malaysia. in the present study, ...201525238930
fatal disseminated infection with fusarium petroliphilum.members of the fusarium solani species complex (fssc) are causing the majority of the fusariosis in humans. disseminated fusariosis has a high mortality and is predominantly observed in patients with leukemia. here, we present the case of a fatal infection by a fusarium strain with a degenerated phenotype, in a patient with acute lymphatic leukemia. multiple nasal and skin biopsies as well as blood cultures yielded fungal growth, while in direct and histopathological examination of biopsy materi ...201525234793
biotransformation of testosterone and testosterone heptanoate by four filamentous fungi.the microbial transformations of testosterone and testosterone heptanoate by four fungi: absidia griseolla var. igachii ptcc 5260, acremonium chrysogenu ptcc 5271, fusarium fujikuroi ptcc 5144, and fusarium solani complex ptcc 5285 were investigated for the first time. incubation of testosterone heptanoate with f. fujikuroi and f. solani yielded three metabolites, which were isolated and characterized as testosterone, androst-4-ene-3,17-dione, and 6β-hydroxy testosterone. 6β-hydroxy testosterone ...201425223562
bioactive dihydronaphthoquinone derivatives from fusarium solani.new dihydronaphthoquinone derivatives, karuquinone a (1), karuquinone b (2), and karuquinone c (3), were isolated from a fungal culture broth of fusarium solani. the structures were determined by interpretation of spectroscopic data (1d/2d nmr, ms, and ir). three known compounds, javanicin (4), 2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-8-methoxy-2,4-dimethylnaphtho[1,2-b]furan-6,9-dione (5), and 5-hydroxydihydrofusarubin c (6), were also isolated. the six isolated compounds were tested for cytotoxicity against thre ...201425163667
effect of crude plant extracts from some oaxacan flora on two deleterious fungal phytopathogens and extract compatibility with a biofertilizer strain.the antimicrobial activity of 12 plant extracts was tested against the phytopathogens alternaria alternata and fusarium solani. in addition, the compatibility of the extracts toward bacillus liqueniformis, a biofertilizer and a non-target microorganism, was assessed. plants tested belong to the euphorbiaceae, asteraceae, crassulaceae, rubiaceae, convolvulaceae, verbenaceae, orchidaceae, nyctaginaceae, boraginaceae, and tiliaceae families and were collected in the state of oaxaca. the antifungal ...201425147544
optimization of culture conditions of fusarium solani for the production of neon-methylsansalvamide.the aim of this study was to optimize the culture conditions of fusarium solani kccm90040 on cereal grain for the production of neon-methylsansalvamide, a novel low-molecular-weight cyclic pentadepsipeptide exhibiting cytotoxic and multidrug resistance reversal effects. from the analysis of variance results using response surface methodology, temperature, initial moisture content, and growth time were shown to be important parameters for the production of neon-methylsansalvamide on cereal grain. ...201425130748
antimicrobial and allelopathic metabolites produced by penicillium brasilianum.six known compounds, isoroquefortine c (1), griseofulvin (2), ergosterol peroxide (3), 3β-hydroxy-(22e,24r)-ergosta-5,8,22-trien-7-one (4), cerevisterol (5) and (22e,24r)-6β-methoxyergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α-diol (6), were produced by the fungus penicillium brasilianum, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. this is the first report on isoroquefortine c as naturally occurring compound. their bioactivities against five phytopathogenic fungi (gibeberalla saubinetti, fusarium ...201525103127
expression profiling of bioactive genes from moringa oleifera.plants are under constant assault by biotic and abiotic agents. when an elicitor is prologued, an immense reprogramming of plant gene expression and defense responses are initiated, which could be a natural source for potential drug development and insertional mutagenesis. in this regard, differential expression analysis of a medicinal plant moringa oleifera was performed for bioactive genes at seedling stage, using differential display-rt-pcr technique. infected seedlings with a fungus fusarium ...201425086925
how often do they have sex? a comparative analysis of the population structure of seven eukaryotic microbial pathogens.the model of predominant clonal evolution (pce) proposed for micropathogens does not state that genetic exchange is totally absent, but rather, that it is too rare to break the prevalent pce pattern. however, the actual impact of this "residual" genetic exchange should be evaluated. multilocus sequence typing (mlst) is an excellent tool to explore the problem. here, we compared online available mlst datasets for seven eukaryotic microbial pathogens: trypanosoma cruzi, the fusarium solani complex ...201425054834
c-20 ketone reduction of hydrocortisone by fusarium solani and aspergillus ochraceus.the biotransformation of hydrocortisone (1) by fusarium solani and aspergillus ochraceus was investigated for the first time. after 10 days at 30 °c, just one metabolite was produced by both fungi: 11β, 17α, 20β, 21-tetrahydroxypregn-4-en-3-one (2) established on the basis of spectroscopic data. the reaction was reduction of the 20-carbonyl group. time course study determined by hplc showed 60 and 45 % yield for the metabolite by f. solani and a. ochraceus, respectively.201425048228
melanization reaction products of shrimp display antimicrobial properties against their major bacterial and fungal pathogens.melanization is a rapid defense mechanism in invertebrates. the substrate specificity of phenoloxidases (pos) and the role of melanization reaction products were investigated in the black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon. two pmpos (pmpropo1 and pmpropo2) were found to display a substrate specificity towards monophenols and diphenols, and exhibit relatively weak activity against 5,6-dihydroxyindole (dhi). systemic infection of the pmpropo1/2 co-silenced shrimp with the fungus, fusarium solani, led ...201425043262
clinico-demographical profile of keratomycosis in delhi, north india.this study was undertaken to evaluate the clinico-demographical profile of keratomycosis. (january 2004 to january 2012). the corneal scrapings were processed by direct microscopic methods and standard culture techniques. of 209 cases of keratitis studied, culture yielded growth in 80 cases (38.3%). out of these 80 cases of growth, fungi were isolated in 77.5% and bacteria in 22.5%. the spectrum of keratomycosis was aspergillus flavus (22.5%), fusarium solani (16.1%), a. fumigatus (11.3%), candi ...201425008827
isolation and evaluation of native cellulose degrading microorganisms for efficient bioconversion of weed biomass and rice straw.cellulose decomposing microorganisms (cdms) are important for efficient bioconversion of plant biomasses. to this end, we isolated seven fungal isolates (aspergillus wentii, fusarium solani, mucor sp., penicillum sp., trichoderma harzaianum, trichoderma sp.1 and trichoderma sp.2) and three bacterial isolates (bacterial isolate i, ii and iii) from partially decomposed farm yard manure, rice straw and vermicompost, and evaluated them for decomposition of rice straw (oryza sativa), ipomoea camea an ...201425004759
inhibition of agronomically relevant fungal phytopathogens by tyrocidines, cyclic antimicrobial peptides isolated from bacillus aneurinolyticus.the tyrocidines, a complex of analogous cyclic decapeptides produced by bacillus aneurinolyticus, exhibited noteworthy activity against a range of phytopathogenic fungi, including fusarium verticillioides, fusarium solani and botrytis cinerea. the activity of the tyrocidine peptide complex (trc mixture) and purified tyrocidines exhibited minimum inhibition concentrations below 13 µg ml(-1) (~10 µm) and was significantly more potent than that of the commercial imidazole fungicide, bifonazole. alt ...201424996824
fusarium solani species complex associated with carapace lesions and branchitis in captive american horseshoe crabs limulus polyphemus.captive american horseshoe crabs limulus polyphemus housed at the national aquarium presented with a variety of shell and gill lesions over a 3 yr period. carapace lesions were located on both the dorsal and ventral prosoma and opisthosoma and included multifocal circular areas of tan discoloration, ulcerations, and/or pitting lesions, extending from superficial to full thickness. gill lesions involved both the book gill cover (operculum) and individual book gill leaflets and included multifocal ...201424991848
enzymatic treatment of specimens before dna extraction directly influences molecular detection of infectious agents.biological samples, pharmaceuticals or food contain proteins, lipids, polymers, ammoniums and macromolecules that alter the detection of infectious agents by dna amplification techniques (pcr). moreover the targeted dna has to be released from the complex cell walls and the compact nucleoprotein matrixes and cleared from potential inhibitors. the goal of the present work was to assess the efficiency of enzymatic pretreatments on infectious agents to make dna available for further extraction and ...201424936792
fusarium keratitis at a tertiary eye care centre in india.the aim of the study was to report the clinical and microbiological profiles of fusarium keratitis. in this single-centre, retrospective, non-comparative case series, 47 laboratory-confirmed cases of keratitis caused by fusarium species treated at the l v prasad eye institute, bhubaneswar, india, between november 2006 and october 2009, were reviewed. the analysis included predisposing factors, clinical characteristics, microbiological findings, treatment and outcome. forty-seven samples of 47 pa ...201524929671
safety and efficacy of intrastromal injection of 5% natamycin in experimental fusarium keratitis.to compare the efficacy of combined intrastromal injection and topical natamycin 5% to standard topical therapy alone in an experimental rabbit model of fusarium keratitis.201424919100
studies on drug metabolism by fungi colonizing decomposing human cadavers. part ii: biotransformation of five model drugs by fungi isolated from post-mortem material.the present study investigated the in vitro metabolic capacity of 28 fungal strains isolated from post-mortem material towards five model drugs: amitriptyline, metoprolol, mirtazapine, promethazine, and zolpidem. each fungal strain was incubated at 25 °c for up to 120 h with each of the five models drugs. cunninghamella elegans was used as positive control. aliquots of the incubation mixture were centrifuged and 50 μl of the supernatants were diluted and directly analyzed by liquid chromatograph ...201524898183
genetic architecture and evolution of the mating type locus in fusaria that cause soybean sudden death syndrome and bean root rot.fusarium tucumaniae is the only known sexually reproducing species among the seven closely related fusaria that cause soybean sudden death syndrome (sds) or bean root rot (brr). in a previous study, laboratory mating of f. tucumaniae yielded recombinant ascospore progeny but required two mating-compatible strains, indicating that it is heterothallic. to assess the reproductive mode of the other sds and brr fusaria, and their potential for mating, whole-genome sequences of two sds and one brr pat ...201424891421
airway complication contributing to disseminated fusariosis after lung transplantation.fungal infections are common after lung transplantation. however, disseminated fusariosis is rare and we report the first case of airway complications associated with this infectious process. a 77-year-old caucasian woman, who was status post left single-lung transplant for emphysema, presented to clinic 8 months after lung transplantation with pleurisy, shortness of breath, and declining lung function. bronchoscopy showed narrowing of the left anastomotic site with dynamic compression during ex ...201424890670
analysis of phaseolus vulgaris response to its association with trichoderma harzianum (all-42) in the presence or absence of the phytopathogenic fungi rhizoctonia solani and fusarium solani.the present study was carried out to evaluate the ability of trichoderma harzianum (all 42-isolated from brazilian cerrado soil) to promote common bean growth and to modulate its metabolism and defense response in the presence or absence of the phytopathogenic fungi rhizoctonia solani and fusarium solani using a proteomic approach. t. harzianum was able to promote common bean plants growth as shown by the increase in root/foliar areas and by size in comparison to plants grown in its absence. the ...201424878929
succession patterns of fungi associated to wound-induced agarwood in wild aquilaria malaccensis revealed from quantitative pcr assay.aquilaria malaccensis produces agarwood in response to wounding and fungal attack. however, information is limited regarding aquilaria's interaction with its diverse fungal community. in this study, time-related changes of three natural fungal colonizers in two wounded wild a. malaccensis were tracked, beginning a few hours after wounding up to 12 months. using species-specific primers derived from their nrits sequences in quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr), we quantified the amount of cunningham ...201424840100
diversity of endophytic fungi from different verticillium-wilt-resistant gossypium hirsutum and evaluation of antifungal activity against verticillium dahliae in vitro.cotton plants were sampled and ranked according to their resistance to verticillium wilt. in total, 642 endophytic fungi isolates representing 27 genera were recovered from gossypium hirsutum root, stem, and leaf tissues, but were not uniformly distributed. more endophytic fungi appeared in the leaf (391) compared with the root (140) and stem (111) sections. however, no significant difference in the abundance of isolated endophytes was found among resistant cotton varieties. alternaria exhibited ...201424836187
occurrence of root rot and vascular wilt diseases in roselle (hibiscus sabdariffa l.) in upper egypt.roselle (hibiscus sabdariffa l.) family malvaceae is an important crop used in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutics industries. roselle is cultivated mainly in upper egypt (qena and aswan governorates) producing 94% of total production. root rot disease of roselle is one of the most important diseases that attack both seedlings and adult plants causing serious losses in crop productivity and quality. the main objective of the present study is to identify and characterize pathogens associated with r ...201424808737
[a case of mycotic keratitis due to fusarium solani in valdivia, chile].keratomycosis is one of the most prevalent ophthalmic infections, which needs a specific treatment depending on the nature of the infecting fungus. the prognosis is usually severe and depends on an early diagnosis and suitable therapy.201524794212
assessment of rose bengal versus riboflavin photodynamic therapy for inhibition of fungal keratitis isolates.to compare the in vitro effect of rose bengal and riboflavin as photosensitizing agents for photodynamic therapy (pdt) on fungal isolates that are common causes of fungal keratitis.201424792103
evaluation of the in vitro antimicrobial properties of ultraviolet a/riboflavin mediated crosslinking on candida albicans and fusarium solani.to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of ultraviolet a (uva) (365 nm)/riboflavin against candida albicans and fusarium solani.201424790859
nitric-oxide-mediated cell death is triggered by chitosan in fusarium eumartii spores.the genus fusarium comprises a heterogeneous group of fungi important for agriculture. fusarium solani f. sp. eumartii (f. eumartii), historically considered to be a fungal pathogen of potato, has also been associated with tomato disease. currently, chitosan and its derivatives have been receiving more attention as environmentally friendly antimicrobial compounds in sustainable practices. the aim of the present work was to characterize downstream events associated with the mode of action of chit ...201524764137
structural elucidation and bioactivity of a novel exopolysaccharide from endophytic fusarium solani sd5.a bioactive exopolysaccharide [eps (ps-i)], having mw∼1.87×10(5) da was produced by submerged culture of an endophytic fungus fusarium solani sd5. structural elucidation of the eps (ps-i) was carried out by a series of experiments. result indicates the presence of terminal α-l-rhamnopyranosyl, (1→2)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl, (1→4)-β-d-galactopyranosyl, (1→4,6)-β-d-galactopyranosyl moieties in a molar ratio of nearly 1:1:3:1. tem image showed fibril structure of the eps with a diameter of approximatel ...201224751093
effect of voriconazole and ultraviolet-a combination therapy compared to voriconazole single treatment on fusarium solani fungal keratitis.to demonstrate that ultraviolet-a (uv-a) and voriconazole combination therapy is more effective than voriconazole single treatment for fungal keratitis.201424724576
development of cycling probe-based real-time pcr system to detect fusarium species and fusarium solani species complex (fssc).in the present study, we developed a new real-time pcr system based on the cycling probe technology (cpt), which is composed of two single tube real-time pcr assays: the fusarium genus-specific assay and the fusarium solani species complex (fssc)-specific assay with primers targeting the 28s ribosomal rna gene. the fusarium genus-specific assay was shown to be highly specific, detecting all reference fusarium strains with no cross-reaction with other reference fungal strains, such as aspergillus ...201424704188
fatal fusarium solani infection after stem cell transplant for aplastic anemia.fusarium is a saprophytic and opportunistic pathogen that can cause local tissue infection and life-threatening systemic infection. systemic infection is rare and is observed primarily in immunocompromised patients. the early diagnosis is difficult, and the optimal treatment is unclear. however, the mortality is high. a 21-year-old man with aplastic anemia was treated with an allogeneic stem cell transplant. he developed fatal fusarium solani infection. fusarium species may be overlooked pathoge ...201424679137
animal models to investigate fungal biofilm formation.microbial biofilms play an essential role in several infectious diseases and are defined as extensive communities of sessile organisms irreversibly associated with a surface, encased within a polysaccharide-rich extracellular matrix (ecm), and exhibiting enhanced resistance to antimicrobial drugs. forming a biofilm provides the microbes protection from environmental stresses due to contaminants, nutritional depletion, or imbalances, but is dangerous to human health due to their inherent robustne ...201424664831
bilateral endogenous fusarium solani endophthalmitis in a liver-transplanted patient: a case report.endogenous fusarium endophthalmitis is a rare disease predominantly described in immunocompromised patients often due to leukemia. we report a case of bilateral endogenous fusarium solani endophthalmitis in a liver-transplanted patient.201424661421
evaluation of β-d-glucan biopolymer as a novel mycotoxin binder for fumonisin and deoxynivalenol in soybean feed.the walls of yeast cells, which contain β-d-glucan biopolymers, have an active role in reducing mycotoxins in animal feed. this study aimed to evaluate the β-d-glucan biopolymers as a mycotoxin binder for fumonisin (fum) and deoxynivalenol (don) toxins as well as their effect on the nutritional value of soybean, which is considered one of the important feed row materials. the evaluation was carried out using some toxigenic fusarium isolates (fusarium solani, f. oxysporum, and f. verticillioides) ...201424660841
antioxidant and antifungal activity of extracts of the aerial parts of thymus capitatus (l.) hoffmanns against four phytopathogenic fungi of citrus sinensis.many medicinal plants from the lamiaceae family can be easily found in algeria. these plants have been used as traditional medicines by local ethnic groups. thymus capitatus is known in algeria as "zaatar" and has been commonly used as a spice, and reported to have many biological effects.201424644439
black cobra (naja naja karachiensis) lysates exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities.it is hypothesized that animals living in polluted environments possess antimicrobials to counter pathogenic microbes. the fact that snakes feed on germ-infested rodents suggests that they encounter pathogenic microbes and likely possess antimicrobials. the venom is used only to paralyze the rodent, but the ability of snakes to counter potential infections in the gut due to disease-ridden rodents requires robust action of the immune system against a broad range of pathogens. to test this hypothe ...201424625321
a phytopathogenic cysteine peptidase from latex of wild rubber vine cryptostegia grandiflora.a 24,118 da (maldi-tof) cysteine peptidase (ec 3.4.22.16) was purified from the latex extract of cryptostegia grandiflora by two chromatographic steps involving ion exchange and reverse-phase hplc. the purified protein (cg24-i) exhibits a single band profile following reduced sds-page and a unique amino terminal sequence, 1vpasidwrekgtvl14, that is similar to other plant cysteine peptidases. cg24-i displayed optimal proteolytic activity at ph 8.0 with 25 mm phosphate buffer. the proteolytic acti ...201424596120
interactions between a sap beetle, sabal palm, scale insect, filamentous fungi and yeast, with discovery of potential antifungal compounds.the multi-trophic relationship between insects, yeast, and filamentous fungi is reported on sabal palm (sabal palmetto (walter) lodd. ex schult. & schult. f.). gut content analyses and observations of adult and larval feeding of the sap beetle brachypeplus glaber leconte indicate that niche partitioning of fungal food substrata occurs between adults and larvae. this is the first report of specific mycophagous niche partitioning among beetle life stages based on gut content analyses. fungi isolat ...201424586669
diversity of microfungi in sandy beach soil of teluk aling, pulau pinang.a total of 82 isolates of microfungi were isolated from 6 sandy soil samples collected from teluk aling beach, pulau pinang. the soil microfungi were isolated by using direct isolation, debris isolation and soil dilution techniques. based on morphological characteristics, seven genera of microfungi were identified namely, fusarium (42%), aspergillus (24%), trichoderma (13%), curvularia (9%), colletotrichum (6%), helminthosporium (4%) and penicillium (2%). the most common species isolated was fus ...201124575210
production and characterization of alpha-amylase from mango kernel by fusarium solani naimcc-f-02956 using submerged fermentation.microbial production of enzymes using low valued agro industrial wastes is gaining importance globally. mango is one of the major fruit processed into a variety of products. during processing 40-50% of solid waste is generated in form of peel and stones. after decortications of mango stone, kernel is obtained which is a rich source of starch (upto 60%). it was utilized as a substrate for alpha-amylase production using fusarium soloni. maximum alpha-amylase production (0.889 u g(-1)) was recorded ...201324555336
metabolism and resistance of fusarium spp. to the manzamine alkaloids via a putative retro pictet-spengler reaction and utility of the rational design of antimalarial and antifungal agents.as a part of our continuing investigation of the manzamine alkaloids we studied the in vitro activity of the β-carboline containing manzamine alkaloids against fusarium solani, fusarium oxysporium, and fusarium proliferatum by employing several bioassay techniques including one-dimensional direct bioautography, dilution, and plate susceptibility, and microtiter broth assays. in addition, we also studied the metabolism of the manzamine alkaloids by fusarium spp. in order to facilitate the redesig ...201424553735
case of fusarium paronychia successfully treated with occlusive dressing of antifungal cream.we report a case of refractory fusarium paronychia in a 42-year-old man with behçet's disease receiving oral cyclosporin and corticosteroid. symptoms resembling candidal paronychia of his little finger could not be cured by topical ketoconazole and oral terbinafine. the pathogen was identified as fusarium solani species complex by gene analysis, and was multiple drug resistant. the case eventually resolved by occlusive dressing therapy with 0.5% amorolfine cream for 3 months.201424533442
molecular phylogenetic and pathogenetic characterization of fusarium solani species complex (fssc), the cause of dry rot on potato in iran.members of fusarium solani species complex (fssc) are common pathogens of potato, causing dry rot in the west of iran which involved hamedan, kermanshah, eilam and kurdistan provinces. therefore, the objectives in this study were to isolate and identify disease-causing fssc from infected potato tubers based on the morphological and molecular characteristics. forty-five isolates of fusarium were obtained from potato tubers collected from the wet market in different regions of the west of iran and ...201424530481
adaptive expression of host cell wall degrading enzymes in fungal disease: an example from fusarium root rot of medicinal coleus.quantity of extracellular proteins and activities two cell wall degrading enzymes pectinase and cellulase were determined in the culture filtrate of fusarium solani, the causal organism of root rot of coleus forskohlii. substitution of carbon source in the medium with either pectin or carboxymethyl cellulose led to the increased production of extracellular proteins by the fungus. pectinase and cellulase activity in the culture filtrate was detected only when the growth medium contained substitut ...201324517025
morphological and molecular characterization of fusarium. solani and f. oxysporum associated with crown disease of oil palm.crown disease (cd) is infecting oil palm in the early stages of the crop development. previous studies showed that fusarium species were commonly associated with cd. however, the identity of the species has not been resolved. this study was carried out to identify and characterize through morphological approaches and to determine the genetic diversity of the fusarium species. 51 isolates (39%) of fusarium solani and 40 isolates (31%) of fusarium oxysporum were recovered from oil palm with typica ...201324516465
isolation of a trypsin-chymotrypsin inhibitor and its functional properties.a novel trypsin inhibitor with thermal and ph stability, designated merrtine, was isolated from glycine max l. merr. the procedure involved ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography on cm-sephadex c-50, and affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel. the 20 n-terminal amino acid sequences were determined to be deyskpccdlcmctrrcppq, demonstrating high homology with the sequence of bowman-birk type trypsin inhibitors. the molecular mass and isoelectric point of the inhibitor we ...201424499360
[severe keratomycosis due to fusarium solani induced by a telluric foreign body: about a case in moroccan sahara].we report a case of severe keratitis due to fusarium solani in a young man in the sahara in morocco where the climate is arid. this patient reported had a grain of sand in his right eye for a week after a sandstorm. on admission he had a corneal abscess. despite rapid diagnosis and initiation of treatment with available antifungal drugs: amphotericin b and natamycin eye drops, the prognosis worsened and led to the enucleation of the right eye. faced with a suspected eye infection after a microtr ...201124451564
[mycetomas diagnosed in senegal from 2008 to 2010].mycetomas are inflammatory pseudotumours of subcutaneous and possibly osseous soft fabrics, generally polyfistulas with chronic mode of evolution.201124451559
fusarium subglutinans: a new eumycetoma agent.eumycetoma is a chronic subcutaneous mycosis mainly caused by madurella spp. fusarium opportunistic infections in humans are often caused by fusarium solani and fusarium oxysporum. we report a case of eumycetoma by f. subglutinans, diagnosed by clinical aspect and culture, and confirmed by pcr sequencing. the patient was successfully treated with oral itraconazole. to our knowledge, this is the second report of human infection and the first case of mycetoma by fusarium subglutinans.201324432236
effect of cultivars, fusarium strains and storage temperature on trichothecenes production in inoculated potato tubers.four trichothecenes (fus-x, 3adon, das and t-2) were detected in potato tubers inoculated with fusarium spp. by uplc-ms/ms. the influence of cultivars, fusarium strains and storage temperature on trichothecenes production was evaluated. the concentration of trichothecenecs was much higher in susceptible cultivar (longshu no. 3) than in resistant one (longshu no. 6). the susceptible cultivar infected with fusarium sulphureum had the maximum concentration of fus-x, 3adon and das. among the three f ...201424423527
successful use of locally applied polyhexamethylene biguanide as an adjunct to the treatment of fungal osteomyelitis.fungal osteomyelitis is rare in immunocompetent patients and is often difficult to cure, even with optimal medical and surgical management. the authors present two cases of fungal osteomyelitis in which the common swimming pool cleaner, polyhexamethylene biguanide, was used successfully as an adjunct to standard surgical and medical treatment. also presented is a literature review on the use of polyhexamethylene biguanide for this indication. the authors recommend that this safe and well-tolerat ...201324421812
incidence of non-candidal fungal infections in severe burn injury: an australian perspective.infection remains the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in the burns patient population. while candidal infection in burns patients is well described, there is dearth of information regarding non-candidal fungal infections in this setting.201424380706
a novel rat contact lens model for fusarium keratitis.the aim of this study was to develop and characterize a new contact lens-associated fungal keratitis rat model and to assess the ability of non-invasive spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (sd-oct) to detect pathological changes in vivo in fungal keratitis.201324379647
estimation of flavoniods, antimicrobial, antitumor and anticancer activity of carissa opaca fruits.carissa opaca stapf ex hanes fruits is traditionally used in the treatment of asthma, hepatitis and microbial infections. the present study was arranged to investigate the antimicrobial, cytotoxic and antitumor activity of various fractions of c. opaca extract and its bioactive metabolites responsible for that activity.201324373124
splenectomy as an effective debulking therapy for disseminated mould infection in acute myeloid leukaemia following adjuvant therapy with interferon gamma and liposomal amphotericin.invasive fungal infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients receiving treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia (aml). herein, we report a case of a 21 year old woman with an extremely resistant fusarium species that responded to the addition of interferon gamma to her medical therapy, subsequently allowing definitive debulking surgery of her invasive fusarium infection to be undertaken.201224371746
bioassays guided isolation of compounds from chaetomium globosum.the aim of the present study was to evaluate different biological activities of the fungus chaetomium globosum (family chaetomiaceae). the evaluation was done through testing its antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer effects. c. globosum was isolated from the cucumber soil (rhizosphere) and caused inhibition of the mycelial growth of fusarium solani, rhizoctonia solani and sclerotium rolfsii in the biculture test. petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts of the liquid culture of c. globosu ...201424361402
effect of elicitors and precursors on azadirachtin production in hairy root culture of azadirachta indica.the present study involved strategies for enhancement in in vitro azadirachtin (commercially used biopesticide) production by hairy root cultivation of azadirachta indica. improvement in the azadirachtin production via triggering its biosynthetic pathway in plant cells was carried out by the exogenous addition of precursors and elicitors in the growth medium. among the different abiotic stress inducers (ag(+), hg(+2), co(+2), cu(+2)) and signal molecules (methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid) tes ...201424357500
pea genes associated with non-host disease resistance to fusarium are also active in race-specific disease resistance to pseudomonas.a given plant species is able to resist most of the potentially pathogenic microorganisms with which it comes in contact. this phenomenon, known as non-host resistance, can be overcome only by a very small number of 'true pathogens' which can use that plant as a host. in some cases, plants have developed mechanisms for overcoming infection by specific races or strains of a true pathogen. this race-specific resistance can be easily manipulated into agronomically important cultivars by plant breed ...198724301193
isolation and characterization of rhizosphere bacteria for the biocontrol of the damping-off disease of tomatoes in tunisia.fluorescent pseudomonas spp., isolated from tomato and pepper plants rhizosphere soil, was evaluated in vitro as a potential antagonist of fungal pathogens. pseudomonas strains were tested against the causal agents of tomatoes damping-off (sclerotinia sclerotiorum), root rot (fusarium solani), and causal agents of stem canker and leaf blight (alternaria alternata). for this purpose, dual culture antagonism assays were carried out on 25% tryptic soy agar, king b medium and potato dextrose agar to ...201624296079
in vitro evaluation of the ovistatic and ovicidal effect of the cosmopolitan filamentous fungi isolated from soil on ascaris suum eggs.the ovicidal activity of seven fungal strains: acremonium alabamense, alternaria chlamydospora, cladosporium herbarum, fusarium solani, paecilomyces variotii, paecilomyces viridis and penicillium verruculosum isolated from urban soil samples from poland was determined in vitro. the fungal mycelium was co-cultured with ascaris suum eggs on plates with 2% water-agar for 28 days. eggs exposed and unexposed (control) to fungal mycelium were observed weekly by light microscopy and the percentage of m ...201424295958
energy-dependent uptake of benzo[a]pyrene and its cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport by the telluric fungus fusarium solani.in screening indigenous soil filamentous fungi for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) degradation, an isolate of the fusarium solani was found to incorporate benzo[a]pyrene (bap) into fungal hyphae before degradation and mineralization. the mechanisms involved in bap uptake and intracellular transport remain unresolved. to address this, the incorporation of two pahs, bap, and phenanthrene (phe) were studied in this fungus. the fungus incorporated more bap into cells than phe, despite the 40 ...201424271730
chitinase in bean leaves: induction by ethylene, purification, properties, and possible function.ethylene induced an endochitinase in primary leaves of phaseolus vulgaris l. the enzyme formed chitobiose and higher chitin oligosaccharides from insoluble, colloidal or regenerated chitin. less than 5% of the total chitinolytic activity was detected in an exochitinase assay proposed by abeles et al. (1970, plant physiol. 47, 129-134) for ethylene-induced chitinase. in ethylene-treated plants, chitinase activity started to increase after a lag of 6 h and was induced 30 fold within 24 h. exogenou ...198324263941
characterization of fungal keratitis in alpacas: 11 cases (2003-2012).to describe clinical, microbiological, in vivo confocal microscopic, and histopathologic features of fungal keratitis in alpacas and to estimate prevalence of the disease in a population of alpacas from the northeastern united states.201324261813
phototoxicity ofcitrus jambhiri to fungi under enhanced uv-b radiation: role of furanocoumarins.extracts ofcitrus jambhiri foliage exposed to and shielded from uv-b radiation were assayed for phytochemical changes and phototoxicity against four fungal pathogens, two of which (fusarium solani andf. oxysporum) are causative agents of root rots and two of which (penicillium italicum andp. digitatum) are associated with fruit rots. conidial pigment mutants of these four fungal species were assayed to determine whether pigments play a role in protecting fungi against plant photosensitizers. exp ...199324248778
phytotoxic and antimicrobial activity of volatile constituents ofartemisia princeps var.orientalis.the volatile constituents ofartemisia princeps var.orientalis (wormwood) were investigated for phytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. the germination and radicle elongation of receptor plants were inhibited by volatile substances emitted from wormwood leaf and effects were concentration-dependent. essential oil of the plant extracted by karlsruker's apparatus suppressed seed germination and seedling elongation of the receptor plants at a threshold concentration of 4.8μl/100 ml.escherichia coli ...199324248725
rohitukine, a chromone alkaloid and a precursor of flavopiridol, is produced by endophytic fungi isolated from dysoxylum binectariferum hook.f and amoora rohituka (roxb).wight & arn.rohitukine, a chromone alkaloid, has gained considerable international attention in recent years because of its novel semi-synthetic derivative, flavopiridol and p-276-00. both these molecules are in advanced stages of clinical development and trial for cancer treatment. recently, flavopiridol was approved as an orphan drug for treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cancer. the natural occurrence of rohitukine is restricted to only four plant species, amoora rohituka and dysoxylum binectarife ...201424215673
successful treatment of fusarium keratitis after photo refractive keratectomy.a 39-year-old woman presented to our hospital with a history of photorefractive keratectomy (prk), performed two weeks prior; slit-lamp examination revealed diffuse conjunctival congestion, corneal ulcer and stromal infiltration. after 5 days of antifungal and antibacteric treatment, the infiltrate progressively increased so that a therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty was necessary. the microbiological analyses revealed the presence of fungal filaments. twenty days after surgery the patient had ...201324178402
[microecological mechanisms of red-leaf disease occurrence in salvia miltiorrhiza bge].a comparative study was made on the nutrient content in rhizosphere soil and the microflora in rhizosphere soil and on rhizoplane of healthy and red-leaf diseased salvia miltiorrhiza plants, aimed to approach the microecological mechanisms of red-leaf disease occurrence in s. miltiorrhiza. the n, p, k, and mn contents in the diseased plant leaves were significantly lower than those in the healthy plant leaves (p < 0.05). no significant difference was observed in the available p content in the rh ...201324175532
breakthrough fusarium solani infection in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia receiving posaconazole prophylaxis. 201424170227
modern spectroscopic technique in the characterization of biosensitive macrocyclic schiff base ligand and its complexes: inhibitory activity against plantpathogenic fungi.complexes of the type [m(l)cl2], where m = co(ii), ni(ii) and cu(ii) have been synthesized with a macrocyclic schiff base ligand (1,4,5,7,10,11,12,15-octaaza,5,11,16,18-tetraphenyl, 3,4,12,13-tetramethyl cyclo-octadecane) derived from schiff base (obtained by the condensation of 4-aminoantipyrine and dibenzoyl methane) and ethylenediamine. the ligand was characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, ir, (1)h nmr, ei mass and molecular modeling studies while the complexes were characterized b ...201424161868
inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis-inducing activity of fungal taxol and its precursor baccatin iii purified from endophytic fusarium solani.taxol (generic name paclitaxel), a plant-derived antineoplastic agent, used widely against breast, ovarian and lung cancer, was originally isolated from the bark of the pacific yew, taxus brevifolia. the limited supply of the drug has prompted efforts to find alternative sources, such as chemical synthesis, tissue and cell cultures of the taxus species both of which are expensive and yield low levels. fermentation processes with microorganisms would be the methods of choice to lower the costs an ...201324152585
expression of an engineered heterologous antimicrobial peptide in potato alters plant development and mitigates normal abiotic and biotic responses.antimicrobial cationic peptides (amps) are ubiquitous small proteins used by living cells to defend against a wide spectrum of pathogens. their amphipathic property helps their interaction with negatively charged cellular membrane of the pathogen causing cell lysis and death. amps also modulate signaling pathway(s) and cellular processes in animal models; however, little is known of cellular processes other than the pathogen-lysis phenomenon modulated by amps in plants. an engineered heterologou ...201324147012
fusarium infection: report of 26 cases and review of 97 cases from the literature.fusarium species is a ubiquitous fungus that causes opportunistic infections. we present 26 cases of invasive fusariosis categorized according to the european organization for research and treatment of cancer/mycoses study group (eortc/msg) criteria of fungal infections. all cases (20 proven and 6 probable) were treated from january 2000 until january 2010. we also review 97 cases reported since 2000. the most important risk factors for invasive fusariosis in our patients were compromised immune ...201324145697
fungal endocarditis.fungal endocarditis remains a rare disease occurring mostly in patients with predisposing host conditions. regarding its poor prognosis because of severe complications, there is an urgent need for properly established treatment guidelines and prophylaxis for patients at risk. in this review we provide up-to-date information on treatment recommendations, and discuss recent case reports on fungal endocarditis and challenges in prophylaxis and treatment.201324126720
molecular signatures at imminent death: hemocyte gene expression profiling of shrimp succumbing to viral and fungal infections.infectious diseases represent the most serious threat to shrimp farming worldwide. understanding the molecular mechanisms driving shrimp-pathogen interactions is necessary for developing strategies to control disease outbreaks in shrimp production systems. in the current study, we experimentally reproduced mortality events using standardized infections to characterize the hemocyte transcriptome response of the shrimp litopenaeus vannamei succumbing to infectious diseases. by using a high-through ...201424120975
antimicrobial constituents of the leaves of mikania micrantha h. b. k.to isolate plant-derived compounds with antimicrobial activity from the leaves of mikania micrantha, to determine the compounds configuration, and to evaluate their antimicrobial activity against eight plant pathogenic fungi (exserohilum turcicum, colletotrichum lagenarium, pseudoperonispora cubensis, botrytis cirerea, rhizoctonia solani, phytophthora parasitica, fusarium solani, and pythium aphanidermatum,) and four plant pathogenic bacteria (gram negative bacteria: ralstonia dolaanacearum, xan ...201324098556
integrated management strategies for tomato fusarium wilt.fusarium wilt is caused by the fungal pathogens, fusarium oxysporum or fusarium solani. it is a devastating disease that affects many important food and vegetable crops and a major source of loss to farmers worldwide. initial strategies developed to combat this devastating plant disease include the use of cultural, physical and chemical control. none of these strategies have been able to give the best results of completely ameliorating the situation except for the cultural method which is mainly ...201324077535
fenton oxidation and combined fenton-microbial treatment for remediation of crude oil contaminated soil in assam - india.the study is aimed at the remediation of soil spiked with crude oil (5%) by employing fenton oxidation, biological treatment and combined fenton-biological treatment. a spiked concentration of 5% crude oil was selected on the basis of contamination levels of 0-5% as found in the soil of upper assam oil fields (india). the degradation of the aliphatic fraction (c14-c28) of the crude oil was investigated by gas chromatography. fenton oxidation was carried out at different ph (3 to 8) in a laborato ...201324056615
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