Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| malaria vector populations across ecological zones in guinea conakry and mali, west africa. | malaria remains a pervasive public health problem in sub-saharan west africa. here mosquito vector populations were explored across four sites in mali and the republic of guinea (guinea conakry). the study samples the major ecological zones of malaria-endemic regions in west africa within a relatively small distance. | 2016 | 27059057 |
| mosquito host choices on livestock amplifiers of rift valley fever virus in kenya. | animal hosts may vary in their attraction and acceptability as components of the host location process for assessing preference, and biting rates of vectors and risk of exposure to pathogens. however, these parameters remain poorly understood for mosquito vectors of the rift valley fever (rvf), an arboviral disease, and for a community of mosquitoes. | 2016 | 27036889 |
| radical remodeling of the y chromosome in a recent radiation of malaria mosquitoes. | y chromosomes control essential male functions in many species, including sex determination and fertility. however, because of obstacles posed by repeat-rich heterochromatin, knowledge of y chromosome sequences is limited to a handful of model organisms, constraining our understanding of y biology across the tree of life. here, we leverage long single-molecule sequencing to determine the content and structure of the nonrecombining y chromosome of the primary african malaria mosquito, anopheles g ... | 2016 | 27035980 |
| insect transformation with piggybac: getting the number of injections just right. | the insertion of exogenous genetic cargo into insects using transposable elements is a powerful research tool with potential applications in meeting food security and public health challenges facing humanity. piggybac is the transposable element most commonly utilized for insect germline transformation. the described efficiency of this process is variable in the published literature, and a comprehensive review of transformation efficiency in insects is lacking. this study compared and contrasted ... | 2016 | 27027400 |
| application of serological tools and spatial analysis to investigate malaria transmission dynamics in highland areas of southwest uganda. | serological markers, combined with spatial analysis, offer a comparatively more sensitive means by which to measure and detect foci of malaria transmission in highland areas than traditional malariometric indicators. plasmodium falciparum parasite prevalence, seroprevalence, and seroconversion rate to p. falciparum merozoite surface protein-119 (msp-119) were measured in a cross-sectional survey to determine differences in transmission between altitudinal strata. clusters of p. falciparum parasi ... | 2016 | 27022156 |
| reduction in malaria incidence following indoor residual spraying with actellic 300 cs in a setting with pyrethroid resistance: mutasa district, zimbabwe. | more than half of malaria cases in zimbabwe are concentrated in manicaland province, where seasonal malaria epidemics occur despite intensified control strategies. recently, high levels of pyrethroid and carbamate resistance were detected in anopheles funestus, the major malaria vector in eastern zimbabwe. in response, a single round of indoor residual spraying (irs) using pirimiphos-methyl (an organophosphate) was implemented in four high burden districts of manicaland province from november 1, ... | 2016 | 27018893 |
| genomic signatures of population decline in the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae. | population genomic features such as nucleotide diversity and linkage disequilibrium are expected to be strongly shaped by changes in population size, and might therefore be useful for monitoring the success of a control campaign. in the kilifi district of kenya, there has been a marked decline in the abundance of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae subsequent to the rollout of insecticide-treated bed nets. | 2016 | 27013475 |
| evaluation of insecticides susceptibility and malaria vector potential of anopheles annularis s.l. and anopheles vagus in assam, india. | during the recent past, development of ddt resistance and reduction to pyrethroid susceptibility among the malaria vectors has posed a serious challenge in many southeast asian countries including india. current study presents the insecticide susceptibility and knock-down data of field collected anopheles annularis sensu lato and an. vagus mosquito species from endemic areas of assam in northeast india. anopheles annularis s.l. and an. vagus adult females were collected from four randomly select ... | 2016 | 27010649 |
| habitat partitioning of malaria vectors in nchelenge district, zambia. | nchelenge district in luapula province, northern zambia, experiences holoendemic malaria despite implementation of vector control programs. the major anopheles vectors that contribute to plasmodium falciparum transmission in this area had not previously been well defined. three collections performed during the 2012 wet and dry seasons and the 2013 wet season revealed anopheles funestus sensu stricto and anopheles gambiae sensu stricto as the main vectors, where 80-85% of each collection was comp ... | 2016 | 27001755 |
| increase in cases of malaria in mozambique, 2014: epidemic or new endemic pattern? | to describe the increase in cases of malaria in mozambique. | 2016 | 26982961 |
| silencing of the olfactory co-receptor gene in dendroctonus armandi leads to eag response declining to major host volatiles. | in this study, a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based on homology genes of orco was utilized to identify darmorco, which is essential for olfaction in d. armandi. the results showed that darmorco shares significant sequence homology with orco proteins had known in other insects. quantitative real-time pcr (qrt-pcr) analysis suggested that darmorco was abundantly expressed in adult d. armandi; by contrast, darmorco showed trace amounts of expression level in other stages. of different tissues, d ... | 2016 | 26979566 |
| comparative performance of three experimental hut designs for measuring malaria vector responses to insecticides in tanzania. | experimental huts are simplified, standardized representations of human habitations that provide model systems to evaluate insecticides used in indoor residual spray (irs) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) to kill disease vectors. hut volume, construction materials and size of entry points impact mosquito entry and exposure to insecticides. the performance of three standard experimental hut designs was compared to evaluate insecticide used in llins. | 2016 | 26979404 |
| the role of oxidative stress in the longevity and insecticide resistance phenotype of the major malaria vectors anopheles arabiensis and anopheles funestus. | oxidative stress plays numerous biological roles, both functional and pathological. the role of oxidative stress in various epidemiologically relevant biological traits in anopheles mosquitoes is not well established. in this study, the effects of oxidative stress on the longevity and insecticide resistance phenotype in the major malaria vector species an. arabiensis and an. funestus were examined. responses to dietary copper sulphate and hydrogen peroxide were used as proxies for the oxidative ... | 2016 | 26964046 |
| mevalonate-farnesal biosynthesis in ticks: comparative synganglion transcriptomics and a new perspective. | juvenile hormone (jh) controls the growth, development, metamorphosis, and reproduction of insects. for many years, the general assumption has been that jh regulates tick and other acarine development and reproduction the same as in insects. although researchers have not been able to find the common insect jhs in hard and soft tick species and jh applications appear to have no effect on tick development, it is difficult to prove the negative or to determine whether precursors to jh are made in t ... | 2016 | 26959814 |
| modelling the relative abundance of the primary african vectors of malaria before and after the implementation of indoor, insecticide-based vector control. | malaria remains a heavy burden across sub-saharan africa where transmission is maintained by some of the world's most efficient vectors. indoor insecticide-based control measures have significantly reduced transmission, yet elimination remains a distant target. knowing the relative abundance of the primary vector species can provide transmission models with much needed information to guide targeted control measures. moreover, understanding how existing interventions are impacting on these relati ... | 2016 | 26945997 |
| evaluation of discovar de novo using a mosquito sample for cost-effective short-read genome assembly. | de novo reference assemblies that are affordable, practical to produce, and of sufficient quality for most downstream applications, remain an unattained goal for many taxa. insects, which may yield too little dna from individual specimens for long-read sequencing library construction and often have highly heterozygous genomes, can be particularly hard to assemble using inexpensive short-read sequencing data. the large number of insect species with medical or economic importance makes this a crit ... | 2016 | 26944054 |
| small-scale land-use variability affects anopheles spp. distribution and concomitant plasmodium infection in humans and mosquito vectors in southeastern madagascar. | deforestation and land-use change have the potential to alter human exposure to malaria. a large percentage of madagascar's original forest cover has been lost to slash-and-burn agriculture, and malaria is one of the top causes of mortality on the island. in this study, the influence of land-use on the distribution of plasmodium vectors and concomitant plasmodium infection in humans and mosquito vectors was examined in the southeastern rainforests of madagascar. | 2016 | 26944051 |
| a review of bioinsecticidal activity of solanaceae alkaloids. | only a small percentage of insect species are pests. however, pest species cause significant losses in agricultural and forest crops, and many are vectors of diseases. currently, many scientists are focused on developing new tools to control insect populations, including secondary plant metabolites, e.g., alkaloids, glycoalkaloids, terpenoids, organic acids and alcohols, which show promise for use in plant protection. these compounds can affect insects at all levels of biological organization, b ... | 2016 | 26938561 |
| spatially aggregated clusters and scattered smaller loci of elevated malaria vector density and human infection prevalence in urban dar es salaam, tanzania. | malaria transmission, primarily mediated by anopheles gambiae, persists in dar es salaam (dsm) despite high coverage with bed nets, mosquito-proofed housing and larviciding. new or improved vector control strategies are required to eliminate malaria from dsm, but these will only succeed if they are delivered to the minority of locations where residual transmission actually persists. hotspots of spatially clustered locations with elevated malaria infection prevalence or vector densities were, the ... | 2016 | 26931372 |
| contact bioassays with phenoxybenzyl and tetrafluorobenzyl pyrethroids against target-site and metabolic resistant mosquitoes. | mosquito strains that exhibit increased tolerance to the chemical class of compounds with a sodium channel modulator mode of action (pyrethroids and pyrethrins) are typically described as "pyrethroid resistant". resistance to pyrethroids is an increasingly important challenge in the control of mosquito-borne diseases, such as malaria or dengue, because one of the main interventions (the distribution of large numbers of long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets) currently relies entirely on long- ... | 2016 | 26930058 |
| analysis of esterase enzyme activity in adults of the major malaria vector anopheles funestus. | anopheles funestus is a major vector of malaria in sub-saharan africa. in order to apply effective control measures against this vector, it is necessary to understand the underlying physiological factors that play a critical role in its development, reproduction, fertility and susceptibility to insecticides. one enzyme family involved in the above mentioned biological pathways is the esterases. the aim of this study was to analyse esterase activity levels at different ages during the life-span o ... | 2016 | 26920365 |
| incremental impact upon malaria transmission of supplementing pyrethroid-impregnated long-lasting insecticidal nets with indoor residual spraying using pyrethroids or the organophosphate, pirimiphos methyl. | long-lasting, insecticidal nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying (irs) are the most widely accepted and applied malaria vector control methods. however, evidence that incremental impact is achieved when they are combined remains limited and inconsistent. | 2016 | 26893012 |
| identification of blood meal sources in the main african malaria mosquito vector by maldi-tof ms. | the identification of blood meal sources in malaria vectors is critical to better understanding host/vector interactions and malaria epidemiology and control. currently, the identification of mosquito blood meal origins is based on time-consuming and costly techniques such as precipitin tests, elisa and molecular tools. although these tools have been validated to identify the blood meal and trophic preferences of female anopheles mosquitoes, they present several limitations. recently, matrix-ass ... | 2016 | 26872451 |
| evolution of the levels of human leukocyte antigen g (hla-g) in beninese infant during the first year of life in a malaria endemic area: using latent class analysis. | hla-g, a non-classical hla class i antigen, is of crucial interest during pregnancy by inhibiting maternal immune response. its role during infections is discussed, and it has been described that high levels of soluble hla-g during childhood increase the risk of malaria. to explore more precisely interactions between soluble hla-g and malaria, latent class analysis was used to test whether distinct sub-populations of children, each with distinctive soluble hla-g evolutions may suggest the existe ... | 2016 | 26862036 |
| malaria vectors and their blood-meal sources in an area of high bed net ownership in the western kenya highlands. | blood-meal sources of malaria vectors affect their capacity to transmit the disease. most efficient malaria vectors prefer human hosts. however, with increasing personal protection measures it becomes more difficult for them to find human hosts. here recent malaria vector blood-meal sources in western kenya highlands were investigated. | 2016 | 26857915 |
| malaria, helminths, co-infection and anaemia in a cohort of children from mutengene, south western cameroon. | malaria and helminthiases frequently co-infect the same individuals in endemic zones. plasmodium falciparum and helminth infections have long been recognized as major contributors to anaemia in endemic countries. several studies have explored the influence of helminth infections on the course of malaria in humans but how these parasites interact within co-infected individuals remains controversial. | 2016 | 26852392 |
| partitioning the contributions of alternative malaria vector species. | in many locations malaria is transmitted by more than one vector species. some vector control interventions, in particular those using genetic approaches, are likely to be targeted against a single species or species complex, at least initially, and it would therefore be useful to be able to predict the epidemiological impact of controlling a single species when multiple vector species are present. | 2016 | 26847084 |
| concurrent malaria and arbovirus infections in kedougou, southeastern senegal. | malaria is one of the leading causes of acute febrile illness (afi) in africa. with the advent of malaria rapid diagnostic tests, misdiagnosis and co-morbidity with other diseases has been highlighted by an increasing number of studies. although arboviral infections and malaria are both vector-borne diseases and often have an overlapping geographic distribution in sub-saharan africa, information about their incidence rates and concurrent infections is scarce. | 2016 | 26821709 |
| the risk of malaria in ghanaian infants born to women managed in pregnancy with intermittent screening and treatment for malaria or intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine. | several studies have reported an association between malaria infection of the placenta and the risk of malaria in young children in the first year of life, but it is not known if this is causal, or influenced by malaria control measures during pregnancy. this paper compares the incidence of malaria in infants born to mothers who received either intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (iptp-sp) or screening with a rapid diagnostic test and treatment with artemether-lumefa ... | 2016 | 26821532 |
| [temporary evolutions of flies anopheles in high altitude region of lwiro-katana (democratic republic of the congo)]. | this study has been done with the objective of knowing more about the anopheles evolutions situation at lwiro-katana from 1967 up to 2014. on seven species identified in this region, only four were permanent in nine investigations done. the geometric average calculated shows the evolution of 3.152 for anopheles funestus, 2.867 for an. gambiae, 2.663 for an. demeilloni and 2.441 for an. marshallii. these species share almost the same ecological conditions for their larval development found in dif ... | 2016 | 26818815 |
| high prevalence of west nile virus in domestic birds and detection in 2 new mosquito species in madagascar. | west nile virus is an arthropod-borne zoonosis transmitted by a large number of mosquito species, and birds play a key role as reservoir of the virus. its distribution is largely widespread over africa, asia, the americas and europe. since 1978, it has frequently been reported in madagascar. studies described a high seroprevalence level of the virus in humans in different areas of the island and a human fatal case of wnv infection was reported in 2011. despite these reports, the epidemiology of ... | 2016 | 26807720 |
| characteristics of asymptomatic plasmodium spp. parasitaemia in kwahu-mpraeso, a malaria endemic mountainous district in ghana, west africa. | malaria control efforts in ghana have reduced the countrywide average malaria prevalence from 71% in 2000 to about 51% in 2012; however, its main focus is on symptomatic malaria. if further progress is to be made, parasite reservoirs in asymptomatic carriers need to be moved into focus. this study profiles asymptomatic plasmodium spp. parasitaemia amongst residents of mountainous kwahu-mpraeso in the eastern region of ghana. | 2016 | 26801407 |
| detectmite: a novel approach to detect miniature inverted repeat transposable elements in genomes. | miniature inverted repeat transposable elements (mites) are prevalent in eukaryotic genomes, including plants and animals. classified as a type of non-autonomous dna transposable elements, they play important roles in genome organization and evolution. comprehensive and accurate genome-wide detection of mites in various eukaryotic genomes can improve our understanding of their origins, transposition processes, regulatory mechanisms, and biological relevance with regard to gene structures, expres ... | 2016 | 26795595 |
| combining synthetic human odours and low-cost electrocuting grids to attract and kill outdoor-biting mosquitoes: field and semi-field evaluation of an improved mosquito landing box. | on-going malaria transmission is increasingly mediated by outdoor-biting vectors, especially where indoor insecticidal interventions such as long-lasting insecticide treated nets (llins) are widespread. often, the vectors are also physiologically resistant to insecticides, presenting major obstacles for elimination. we tested a combination of electrocuting grids with synthetic odours as an alternative killing mechanism against outdoor-biting mosquitoes. | 2016 | 26789733 |
| de novo assembly and transcriptome characterization of canine retina using high-throughput sequencing. | we performed transcriptome sequencing of canine retinal tissue by 454 gs-flx and ion torrent pgm platforms. rna-seq analysis by clc genomics workbench mapped expression of 10,360 genes. gene ontology analysis of retinal transcriptome revealed abundance of transcripts known to be involved in vision associated processes. the de novo assembly of the sequences using cap3 generated 29,683 contigs with mean length of 560.9 and n50 of 619 bases. further analysis of contigs predicted 3,827 full-length c ... | 2015 | 26788372 |
| news from africa: novel anopheline species transmit plasmodium in western kenya. | 2016 | 26787151 | |
| molecular characterization reveals diverse and unknown malaria vectors in the western kenyan highlands. | the success of mosquito-based malaria control is dependent upon susceptible bionomic traits in local malaria vectors. it is crucial to have accurate and reliable methods to determine mosquito species composition in areas subject to malaria. an unexpectedly diverse set of anopheles species was collected in the western kenyan highlands, including unidentified and potentially new species carrying the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. this study identified 2,340 anopheline specimens using both ... | 2016 | 26787150 |
| dosage compensation in the african malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae. | dosage compensation is the fundamental process by which gene expression from the male monosomic x chromosome and from the diploid set of autosomes is equalized. various molecular mechanisms have evolved in different organisms to achieve this task. in drosophila, genes on the male x chromosome are upregulated to the levels of expression from the two x chromosomes in females. to test whether a similar mechanism is operating in immature stages of anopheles mosquitoes, we analyzed global gene expres ... | 2016 | 26782933 |
| the effect of indoor residual spraying on the prevalence of malaria parasite infection, clinical malaria and anemia in an area of perennial transmission and moderate coverage of insecticide treated nets in western kenya. | insecticide treated nets (itns) and indoor residual spraying (irs) have been scaled up for malaria prevention in sub-saharan africa. however, there are few studies on the benefit of implementing irs in areas with moderate to high coverage of itns. we evaluated the impact of an irs program on malaria related outcomes in western kenya, an area of intense perennial malaria transmission and moderate itn coverage (55-65% use of any net the previous night). | 2016 | 26731524 |
| spatially variable risk factors for malaria in a geographically heterogeneous landscape, western kenya: an explorative study. | large reductions in malaria transmission and mortality have been achieved over the last decade, and this has mainly been attributed to the scale-up of long-lasting insecticidal bed nets and indoor residual spraying with insecticides. despite these gains considerable residual, spatially heterogeneous, transmission remains. to reduce transmission in these foci, researchers need to consider the local demographical, environmental and social context, and design an appropriate set of interventions. ex ... | 2016 | 26729363 |
| the influence of insecticide resistance, age, sex, and blood feeding frequency on thermal tolerance of wild and laboratory phenotypes of anopheles funestus (diptera: culicidae). | resistance to insecticides is a global phenomenon and is increasing at an unprecedented rate. how resistant and susceptible strains of malaria vectors might differ in terms of life history and basic biology is often overlooked, despite the potential importance of such information in light of changing climates. here, we investigated the upper thermal limits (ult50) of wild and laboratory strains of anopheles funestus giles mosquitoes, including resistance status, sex, age, and blood feeding statu ... | 2016 | 26718714 |
| factors associated with malaria infection in honde valley, mutasa district, zimbabwe, 2014: a case control study. | in january of 2014, an outbreak of malaria was declared in the honde valley region of mutasa district in zimbabwe. the area has a hot, temperate climate and high rainfall pattern ideal for vector breeding and malaria transmission. gravity fed irrigation channels span the valley creating a number of breeding sites for malaria vectors, mosquitoes. malaria outbreaks have been a common occurrence in the district over the past few years despite the district meeting set targets for prevention interven ... | 2015 | 26715520 |
| delineation of the population genetic structure of culicoides imicola in east and south africa. | culicoides imicola kieffer, 1913 is the main vector of bluetongue virus (btv) and african horse sickness virus (ahsv) in sub-saharan africa. understanding the population genetic structure of this midge and the nature of barriers to gene flow will lead to a deeper understanding of bluetongue epidemiology and more effective vector control in this region. | 2015 | 26704134 |
| global emergence of alphaviruses that cause arthritis in humans. | arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) may cause severe emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, which pose a significant threat to human and animal health in the world today. these infectious diseases range from mild febrile illnesses, arthritis, and encephalitis to haemorrhagic fevers. it is postulated that certain environmental factors, vector competence, and host susceptibility have a major impact on the ecology of arboviral diseases. presently, there is a great interest in the emergence ... | 2015 | 26689654 |
| functional characterization of nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase from bactrocera dorsalis: possible involvement in susceptibility to malathion. | nadph cytochrome p450 reductase (cpr) is essential for cytochrome p450 catalysis, which is important in the detoxification and activation of xenobiotics. in this study, two transcripts of bactrocera dorsalis cpr (bdcpr) were cloned, and the deduced amino-acid sequence had an n-terminus membrane anchor for bdcpr-x1 and three conserved binding domains (fmn, fad, and nadp), as well as an fad binding motif and catalytic residues for both bdcpr-x1 and bdcpr-x2. bdcpr-x1 was detected to have the high ... | 2015 | 26681597 |
| development and evaluation of mosquito-electrocuting traps as alternatives to the human landing catch technique for sampling host-seeking malaria vectors. | the human landing catch (hlc) is the gold standard method for sampling host-seeking malaria vectors. however, the hlc is ethically questionable because it requires exposure of humans to potentially infectious mosquito bites. | 2015 | 26670881 |
| microsatellite loci cross-species transferability in aedes fluviatilis (diptera:culicidae): a cost-effective approach for population genetics studies. | aedes fluviatilis is a neotropical mosquito species thought to be a potential vector of yellow fever viruses and can be infected with plasmodium gallinaceum in laboratory. a better understanding of its genetic structure is very important to understand its epidemiologic potential and how it is responding to urbanization. the objective of this study was to survey the transferability of microsatellites loci developed for other aedes to ae. fluviatilis. | 2015 | 26667177 |
| nutrition-dependent control of insect development by insulin-like peptides. | in metazoans, members of the insulin-like peptide (ilp) family play a role in multiple physiological functions in response to the nutritional status. ilps have been identified and characterized in a wide variety of insect species. insect ilps that are mainly produced by several pairs of medial neurosecretory cells in the brain circulate in the hemolymph and act systemically on target tissues. physiological and biochemical studies in lepidoptera and genetic studies in the fruit fly have greatly e ... | 0 | 26664828 |
| unexpected diversity of anopheles species in eastern zambia: implications for evaluating vector behavior and interventions using molecular tools. | the understanding of malaria vector species in association with their bionomic traits is vital for targeting malaria interventions and measuring effectiveness. many entomological studies rely on morphological identification of mosquitoes, limiting recognition to visually distinct species/species groups. anopheles species assignments based on ribosomal dna its2 and mitochondrial dna coi were compared to morphological identifications from luangwa and nyimba districts in zambia. the comparison of m ... | 2015 | 26648001 |
| acceptability and effectiveness of a monofilament, polyethylene insecticide-treated wall lining for malaria control after six months in dwellings in vhembe district, limpopo province, south africa. | south africa uses indoor residual spraying (irs) for vector control in its malaria control programme (mcp). insecticide-treated wall linings (itwls) offer possible advantages over irs and long-lasting, insecticide-treated nets (llins). this study assessed the user acceptability and perceived effectiveness, and the durability, including efficacy through bioassays, of a newly developed, monofilament polyethylene itwl. | 2015 | 26628275 |
| malaria case in madagascar, probable implication of a new vector, anopheles coustani. | indoor spraying of insecticides and the use of insecticide-treated bed nets are key strategies for national malaria vector control in the central highlands of madagascar. during the year 2013, malaria outbreaks were reported by the national malaria control programme in the highlands, including the district of ankazobe. | 2015 | 26620552 |
| increased production of pirnas from euchromatic clusters and genes in anopheles gambiae compared with drosophila melanogaster. | specific genomic loci, termed piwi-interacting rna (pirna) clusters, manufacture pirnas that serve as guides for the inactivation of complementary transposable elements (tes). the pirna pathway has been accurately detailed in drosophila melanogaster, while it remains poorly examined in other insects. this pathway is increasingly recognized as critical for germline development and reproduction. understanding of the pirna functions in mosquitoes could offer an opportunity for disease vector contro ... | 2015 | 26617674 |
| a genome-scale investigation of incongruence in culicidae mosquitoes. | comparison of individual gene trees in several recent phylogenomic studies from diverse lineages has revealed a surprising amount of topological conflict or incongruence, but we still know relatively little about its distribution across the tree of life. to further our understanding of incongruence, the factors that contribute to it and how it can be ameliorated, we examined its distribution in a clade of 20 culicidae mosquito species through the reconstruction and analysis of the phylogenetic h ... | 2015 | 26608059 |
| the emergence of insecticide resistance in the major malaria vector anopheles funestus (diptera: culicidae) from sentinel sites in mutare and mutasa districts, zimbabwe. | insecticide resistance in major malaria vectors poses severe challenges for stakeholders responsible for controlling the disease. during the 2013/14 season, malaria vector sentinel sites in mutare and mutasa districts, zimbabwe, experienced high presence of gravid malaria vector mosquitoes resting indoors in recently pyrethroid-sprayed structures. subsequently, an evaluation of insecticide resistance in anopheles funestus populations, the major malaria vector, was conducted to better inform the ... | 2015 | 26589891 |
| malaria prevalence and incidence in an isolated, meso-endemic area of mozambique. | isolated areas, such as the 2 × 7 km peninsula of linga linga in mozambique, are the places where malaria might be most easily eliminated. currently available control strategies include long-lasting insecticidal bednets impregnated with pyrethroid insecticides (llins), rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) for diagnosis and artemisinin based combination therapy (act) for treatment and these were applied on the peninsula. in 2007, following a census of the population and mapping of 500 households, five a ... | 2015 | 26587341 |
| the effectiveness of long-lasting, insecticide-treated nets in a setting of pyrethroid resistance: a case-control study among febrile children 6 to 59 months of age in machinga district, malawi. | the escalating level of mosquito resistance to pyrethroid insecticides threatens the effectiveness of insecticide-treated nets (itns) for malaria control in malawi. an evaluation of the effectiveness of itns for preventing malaria in children aged 6-59 months old, after 1 year of mass distribution of llins was conducted in machinga district, malawi, an area of moderate pyrethroid resistance. | 2015 | 26577571 |
| malaria prevalence in bata district, equatorial guinea: a cross-sectional study. | malaria has traditionally been a leading public health problem in equatorial guinea. after completion, in september 2011, of the integrated set of interventions against malaria launched by the global fund malaria programme in the mainland area, the epidemiological situation of malaria remains unknown. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate of malaria and associated factors based on the rapid diagnosis test (rdt) in bata district, in order to provide evidence that will reinf ... | 2015 | 26573911 |
| transcription analysis of neonicotinoid resistance in mediterranean (med) populations of b. tabaci reveal novel cytochrome p450s, but no nachr mutations associated with the phenotype. | bemisia tabaci is one of the most damaging agricultural pests world-wide. although its control is based on insecticides, b. tabaci has developed resistance against almost all classes of insecticides, including neonicotinoids. | 2015 | 26573457 |
| molecular tools for studying the major malaria vector anopheles funestus: improving the utility of the genome using a comparative poly(a) and ribo-zero rnaseq analysis. | next-generation sequencing (ngs) offers great opportunities for studying the biology of insect vectors of disease. prerequisites for successful analyses include high quality annotated genome assemblies and that techniques designed for use with model organisms be tested and optimised for use with these insects. we aimed to test and improve genomic tools for studying the major malaria vector anopheles funestus. | 2015 | 26573092 |
| does extreme asymmetric dominance promote hybridization between anopheles coluzzii and anopheles gambiae s.s. in seasonal malaria mosquito communities of west africa? | anopheles gambiae s.s. and an. coluzzii are two of the most important malaria vector species in sub-saharan africa. these recently-diverged sibling species do not exhibit intrinsic post-zygotic barriers to reproduction and are thought to be separated by strong assortative mating combined with selection against hybrids. at present, little is known about the ecological conditions that determine hybridization and introgression between these cryptic taxa. | 2015 | 26559354 |
| the cytochrome p450 cyp6p4 is responsible for the high pyrethroid resistance in knockdown resistance-free anopheles arabiensis. | pyrethroid insecticides are the front line vector control tools used in bed nets to reduce malaria transmission and its burden. however, resistance in major vectors such as anopheles arabiensis is posing a serious challenge to the success of malaria control. herein, we elucidated the molecular and biochemical basis of pyrethroid resistance in a knockdown resistance-free anopheles arabiensis population from chad, central africa. using heterologous expression of p450s in escherichia coli coupled w ... | 2016 | 26548743 |
| domestic larval control practices and malaria prevalence among under-five children in burkina faso. | larval source management has contributed to malaria decline over the past years. however, little is known about the impact of larval control practices undertaken at the household level on malaria transmission. | 2015 | 26517727 |
| allelic variation of cytochrome p450s drives resistance to bednet insecticides in a major malaria vector. | scale up of long lasting insecticide nets (llins) has massively contributed to reduce malaria mortality across africa. however, resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in malaria vectors threatens its continued effectiveness. deciphering the detailed molecular basis of such resistance and designing diagnostic tools is critical to implement suitable resistance management strategies. here, we demonstrated that allelic variation in two cytochrome p450 genes is the most important driver of pyrethroid ... | 2015 | 26517127 |
| transmission indices and microfilariae prevalence in human population prior to mass drug administration with ivermectin and albendazole in the gomoa district of ghana. | the lymphatic filariasis elimination programme in ghana involves annual mass drug administration (mda) of ivermectin and albendazole to persons living in endemic areas. this is repeated annually for 4-6 years to span across the reproductive lifespan of adult worms. in order to stimulate participation of community members in the mda programme, this study was carried out to understand local views on transmission, management and prevention of the disease. the study also presents baseline transmissi ... | 2015 | 26503363 |
| use of different transmission metrics to describe malaria epidemiology in the highlands of western kenya. | monitoring and evaluation of malaria programmes may require a combination of approaches to detect any effects of control. this is particularly true at lower transmission levels where detecting both infection and exposure to infection will provide additional evidence of any change. this paper describes use of three transmission metrics to explore the malaria epidemiology in the highlands of western kenya. | 2015 | 26502920 |
| insecticide resistance in malaria-transmitting mosquitoes in zimbabwe: a review. | malaria is a global public health problem, with about 3.2 billion people at risk of infection. the populations at risk mainly reside in africa, asia and america, with african populations accounting for the largest burden of the disease. in 2013, close to 198 million malaria cases were reported, leading to 584,000 deaths. much (90 %) of the mortality rates were recorded from the world health organization (who) database in the african region and 78 % of these occurred in children under the age of ... | 2015 | 26497808 |
| genome-wide dna methylome variation in two genetically distinct chicken lines using methylc-seq. | dna cytosine methylation is an important epigenetic modification that has significant effects on a variety of biological processes in animals. avian species hold a crucial position in evolutionary history. in this study, we used whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (methylc-seq) to generate single base methylation profiles of lungs in two genetically distinct and highly inbred chicken lines (fayoumi and leghorn) that differ in genetic resistance to multiple pathogens, and we explored the potential ... | 2015 | 26497311 |
| epsilon glutathione transferases possess a unique class-conserved subunit interface motif that directly interacts with glutathione in the active site. | epsilon class glutathione transferases (gsts) have been shown to contribute significantly to insecticide resistance. we report a new epsilon class protein crystal structure from drosophila melanogaster for the glutathione transferase dmgste6. the structure reveals a novel epsilon clasp motif that is conserved across hundreds of millions of years of evolution of the insect diptera order. this histidine-serine motif lies in the subunit interface and appears to contribute to quaternary stability as ... | 2015 | 26487708 |
| identification of qtls conferring resistance to deltamethrin in culex pipiens pallens. | culex pipiens pallens is the most abundant culex mosquito species in northern china and is an important vector of bancroftian filariasis and west nile virus. deltamethrin is an insecticide that is widely used for mosquito control, however resistance to this and other insecticides has become a major challenge in the control of vector-borne diseases that appear to be inherited quantitatively. furthermore, the genetic basis of insecticide resistance remains poorly understood. in this study, quantit ... | 2015 | 26484540 |
| effects of starvation on deltamethrin tolerance in bed bugs, cimex lectularius l. (hemiptera: cimicidae). | bed bugs, cimex lectularius l., are a major pest in the urban environment. their presence often results in physical, psychological, and financial distress of homeowners and apartment dwellers. although many insecticide bioassays have been performed on this pest, little attention has been paid to bed bug feeding status, which is closely linked to metabolism, molting, and mass. therefore, we evaluated the toxicity of topically applied deltamethrin on insecticide susceptible adult male bed bugs fed ... | 2015 | 26463068 |
| altered gene expression in the schistosome-transmitting snail biomphalaria glabrata following exposure to niclosamide, the active ingredient in the widely used molluscicide bayluscide. | in view of the call by the world health organization (who) for elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem by 2025, use of molluscicides in snail control to supplement chemotherapy-based control efforts is likely to increase in the coming years. the mechanisms of action of niclosamide, the active ingredient in the most widely used molluscicides, remain largely unknown. a better understanding of its toxicology at the molecular level will both improve our knowledge of snail biology a ... | 2015 | 26452273 |
| predictive malaria risk and uncertainty mapping in nchelenge district, zambia: evidence of widespread, persistent risk and implications for targeted interventions. | malaria risk maps may be used to guide policy decisions on whether vector control interventions should be targeted and, if so, where. active surveillance for malaria was conducted through household surveys in nchelenge district, zambia from april 2012 through december 2014. households were enumerated based on satellite imagery and randomly selected for study enrollment. at each visit, participants were administered a questionnaire and a malaria rapid diagnostic test (rdt). logistic regression mo ... | 2015 | 26416106 |
| associations between urbanicity and malaria at local scales in uganda. | sub-saharan africa is expected to show the greatest rates of urbanization over the next 50 years. urbanization has shown a substantial impact in reducing malaria transmission due to multiple factors, including unfavourable habitats for anopheles mosquitoes, generally healthier human populations, better access to healthcare, and higher housing standards. statistical relationships have been explored at global and local scales, but generally only examining the effects of urbanization on single mala ... | 2015 | 26415959 |
| comparative evaluation of the sticky-resting-box-trap, the standardised resting-bucket-trap and indoor aspiration for sampling malaria vectors. | understanding mosquito resting behaviour is important for the control of vector-borne diseases, but this remains a challenge because of the paucity of efficient sampling tools. we evaluated two novel sampling methods in the field: the sticky resting box (srb) and the resting bucket trap (rbu) to test their efficiency for sampling malaria vectors resting outdoors and inside houses in rural tanzania. the performance of rbu and srb was compared outdoors, while indoors srb were compared with the bac ... | 2015 | 26383620 |
| bio-efficacy of new long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets against anopheles funestus and anopheles gambiae from central and northern mozambique. | long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (llins) are one of the main methods used for controlling malaria transmission in mozambique. the proliferation of several types of llins and the re-emergence of insecticide resistance in the local vector populations poses challenges to the local malaria control programme on selecting suitable insecticide-based vector control products. therefore, this study evaluated the insecticide susceptibility and bio-efficacy of selected new llins against wild population ... | 2015 | 26377825 |
| treatment of livestock with systemic insecticides for control of anopheles arabiensis in western kenya. | despite the implementation of vector control strategies, including insecticide-treated bed nets (itn) and indoor residual spraying (irs) in western kenya, this area still experiences high level of malaria transmission. novel vector control tools are required which target such vector species, such as anopheles arabiensis, that feed outdoors and have minimal contact with itns and irs. | 2015 | 26377691 |
| rise of multiple insecticide resistance in anopheles funestus in malawi: a major concern for malaria vector control. | deciphering the dynamics and evolution of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors is crucial for successful vector control. this study reports an increase of resistance intensity and a rise of multiple insecticide resistance in anopheles funestus in malawi leading to reduced bed net efficacy. | 2015 | 26370361 |
| prevalence of the dhfr and dhps mutations among pregnant women in rural burkina faso five years after the introduction of intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. | the emergence and spread of drug resistance represents one of the biggest challenges for malaria control in endemic regions. sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (sp) is currently deployed as intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (iptp) to prevent the adverse effects of malaria on the mother and her offspring. nevertheless, its efficacy is threatened by sp resistance which can be estimated by the prevalence of dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) and dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) mutations. this was m ... | 2015 | 26368675 |
| comparison of methods for xenomonitoring in vectors of lymphatic filariasis in northeastern tanzania. | monitoring wuchereria bancrofti infection in mosquitoes (xenomonitoring) can play an important role in determining when lymphatic filariasis has been eliminated, or in focusing control efforts. as mosquito infection rates can be low, a method for collecting large numbers of mosquitoes is necessary. gravid traps collected large numbers of culex quinquefasciatus in tanzania, and a collection method that targets mosquitoes that have already fed could result in increased sensitivity in detecting w. ... | 2015 | 26350454 |
| spatial and temporal variation of malaria entomological parameters at the onset of a hydro-agricultural development in central côte d'ivoire. | a deeper understanding of the ecology and small-scale heterogeneity of malaria transmission is essential for the design of effective prevention, control and elimination interventions. the spatial and temporal distribution of malaria vectors was investigated in five villages in close proximity to a hydro-agricultural system in côte d'ivoire over the course of construction and the early phase of irrigated rice farming. | 2015 | 26341670 |
| absence of kdr resistance alleles in the union of the comoros, east africa. | knockdown resistance ( kdr) and cyp9k1 genotypes were detected by a moldi-tof based snp genotyping assay (sequenom iplex) in samples of anopheles gambiae collected at 13 sites throughout the union of the comoros and dar es salaam, tanzania during february and march 2011. all a. gambiae specimens collected in the comoros were homozygous for the susceptible kdr alleles (+/+) while 96% of a. gambiae from dar es salaam were homozygous for the east african kdr resistant genotype (e/e). in contrast, a ... | 2015 | 26339473 |
| malaria impact of large dams in sub-saharan africa: maps, estimates and predictions. | while there is growing recognition of the malaria impacts of large dams in sub-saharan africa, the cumulative malaria impact of reservoirs associated with current and future dam developments has not been quantified. the objective of this study was to estimate the current and predict the future impact of large dams on malaria in different eco-epidemiological settings across sub-saharan africa. | 2015 | 26337834 |
| monitoring changes in malaria epidemiology and effectiveness of interventions in ethiopia and uganda: beyond garki project baseline survey. | scale-up of malaria interventions seems to have contributed to a decline in the disease but other factors may also have had some role. understanding changes in transmission and determinant factors will help to adapt control strategies accordingly. | 2015 | 26337671 |
| crepuscular behavioral variation and profiling of opsin genes in anopheles gambiae and anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae). | we understand little about photo-preference and the molecular mechanisms governing vision-dependent behavior in vector mosquitoes. investigations of the influence of photo-preference on adult mosquito behaviors such as endophagy and exophagy and endophily and exophily will enhance our ability to develop and deploy vector-targeted interventions and monitoring techniques. our laboratory-based analyses have revealed that crepuscular period photo-preference differs between an. gambiae and an. stephe ... | 2015 | 26334802 |
| nuclear receptor signaling atlas: opening access to the biology of nuclear receptor signaling pathways. | signaling pathways involving nuclear receptors (nrs), their ligands and coregulators, regulate tissue-specific transcriptomes in diverse processes, including development, metabolism, reproduction, the immune response and neuronal function, as well as in their associated pathologies. the nuclear receptor signaling atlas (nursa) is a consortium focused around a hub website (www.nursa.org) that annotates and integrates diverse 'omics datasets originating from the published literature and nursa-fund ... | 2015 | 26325041 |
| electrostatic coating enhances bioavailability of insecticides and breaks pyrethroid resistance in mosquitoes. | insecticide resistance poses a significant and increasing threat to the control of malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases. we present a novel method of insecticide application based on netting treated with an electrostatic coating that binds insecticidal particles through polarity. electrostatic netting can hold small amounts of insecticides effectively and results in enhanced bioavailability upon contact by the insect. six pyrethroid-resistant anopheles mosquito strains from across africa we ... | 2015 | 26324912 |
| nano-enabled delivery of diverse payloads across complex biological barriers. | complex biological barriers are major obstacles for preventing and treating disease. nanocarriers are designed to overcome such obstacles by enhancing drug delivery through physiochemical barriers and improving therapeutic indices. this review critically examines both biological barriers and nanocarrier payloads for a variety of drug delivery applications. a spectrum of nanocarriers is discussed that have been successfully developed for improving tissue penetration for preventing or treating a r ... | 2015 | 26315817 |
| chloroquine sensitivity: diminished prevalence of chloroquine-resistant gene marker pfcrt-76 13 years after cessation of chloroquine use in msambweni, kenya. | plasmodium falciparum resistance to chloroquine (cq) denied healthcare providers access to a cheap and effective anti-malarial drug. resistance has been proven to be due to point mutations on the parasite's pfcrt gene, particularly on codon 76, resulting in an amino acid change from lysine to threonine. this study sought to determine the prevalence of the pfcrt k76t mutation 13 years after cq cessation in msambweni, kenya. | 2015 | 26296743 |
| effectiveness and safety of artemether-lumefantrine versus artesunate-amodiaquine for unsupervised treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in patients of all age groups in nanoro, burkina faso: a randomized open label trial. | several studies have reported high efficacy and safety of artemisinin-based combination therapy (act) mostly under strict supervision of drug intake and limited to children less than 5 years of age. patients over 5 years of age are usually not involved in such studies. thus, the findings do not fully reflect the reality in the field. this study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of act in routine treatment of uncomplicated malaria among patients of all age groups in nanoro, burkina fas ... | 2015 | 26289949 |
| major decrease in malaria transmission on mayotte island. | plasmodium falciparum is responsible for most malaria cases on mayotte island, in the comorian archipelago. malaria is endemic and a major public health problem in the archipelago with an intense, stable and permanent transmission. this study reports results of 8 years of malaria surveillance from 2007 to 2014 after the strengthening of malaria control activities in mayotte and the neighbouring islands. | 2015 | 26285699 |
| where have all the mosquito nets gone? spatial modelling reveals mosquito net distributions across tanzania do not target optimal anopheles mosquito habitats. | malaria remains the deadliest vector-borne disease despite long-term, costly control efforts. the united republic of tanzania has implemented countrywide anti-malarial interventions over more than a decade, including national insecticide-treated net (itn) rollouts and subsequent monitoring. while previous analyses have compared spatial variation in malaria endemicity with itn distributions, no study has yet compared anopheles habitat suitability to determine proper allocation of itns. this study ... | 2015 | 26283538 |
| development of resistance to pyrethroid in culex pipiens pallens population under different insecticide selection pressures. | current vector control programs are largely dependent on pyrethroids, which are the most commonly used and only insecticides recommended by the world health organization for insecticide-treated nets (itns). however, the rapid spread of pyrethroid resistance worldwide compromises the effectiveness of control programs and threatens public health. since few new insecticide classes for vector control are anticipated, limiting the development of resistance is crucial for prolonging efficacy of pyreth ... | 2015 | 26275298 |
| a systematic, realist review of zooprophylaxis for malaria control. | integrated vector management (ivm) is recommended as a sustainable approach to malaria control. ivm consists of combining vector control methods based on scientific evidence to maximize efficacy and cost-effectiveness while minimizing negative impacts, such as insecticide resistance and environmental damage. zooprophylaxis has been identified as a possible component of ivm as livestock may draw mosquitoes away from humans, decreasing human-vector contact and malaria transmission. it is possible, ... | 2015 | 26264913 |
| insecticide resistance in areas under investigation by the international centers of excellence for malaria research: a challenge for malaria control and elimination. | scale-up of the main vector control interventions, residual insecticides sprayed on walls or structures and/or impregnated in bed nets, together with prompt diagnosis and effective treatment, have led to a global reduction in malaria transmission. however, resistance in vectors to almost all classes of insecticides, particularly to the synthetic pyrethroids, is posing a challenge to the recent trend of declining malaria. ten international centers of excellence for malaria research (icemr) locate ... | 2015 | 26259947 |
| malaria epidemiology and control within the international centers of excellence for malaria research. | understanding the epidemiological features and metrics of malaria in endemic populations is a key component to monitoring and quantifying the impact of current and past control efforts to inform future ones. the international centers of excellence for malaria research (icemr) has the opportunity to evaluate the impact of malaria control interventions across endemic regions that differ in the dominant plasmodium species, mosquito vector species, resistance to antimalarial drugs and human genetic ... | 2015 | 26259946 |
| antimalarial drug resistance: literature review and activities and findings of the icemr network. | antimalarial drugs are key tools for the control and elimination of malaria. recent decreases in the global malaria burden are likely due, in part, to the deployment of artemisinin-based combination therapies. therefore, the emergence and potential spread of artemisinin-resistant parasites in southeast asia and changes in sensitivities to artemisinin partner drugs have raised concerns. in recognition of this urgent threat, the international centers of excellence for malaria research (icemrs) are ... | 2015 | 26259943 |
| entomological monitoring and evaluation: diverse transmission settings of icemr projects will require local and regional malaria elimination strategies. | the unprecedented global efforts for malaria elimination in the past decade have resulted in altered vectorial systems, vector behaviors, and bionomics. these changes combined with increasingly evident heterogeneities in malaria transmission require innovative vector control strategies in addition to the established practices of long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying. integrated vector management will require focal and tailored vector control to achieve malaria elimination. ... | 2015 | 26259942 |
| urban malaria: understanding its epidemiology, ecology, and transmission across seven diverse icemr network sites. | a major public health question is whether urbanization will transform malaria from a rural to an urban disease. however, differences about definitions of urban settings, urban malaria, and whether malaria control should differ between rural and urban areas complicate both the analysis of available data and the development of intervention strategies. this report examines the approach of the international centers of excellence for malaria research (icemr) to urban malaria in brazil, colombia, indi ... | 2015 | 26259941 |
| spatial patterns of incident malaria cases and their household contacts in a single clinic catchment area of chongwe district, zambia. | reactive case detection (racd) for malaria is a strategy that may be used to complement passive surveillance, as passive surveillance fails to identify infections that are asymptomatic or do not seek care. the spatial and seasonal patterns of incident (index) cases reported at a single clinic in chongwe district were explored. | 2015 | 26246383 |
| diversification of the genus anopheles and a neotropical clade from the late cretaceous. | the anopheles genus is a member of the culicidae family and consists of approximately 460 recognized species. the genus is composed of 7 subgenera with diverse geographical distributions. despite its huge medical importance, a consensus has not been reached on the phylogenetic relationships among anopheles subgenera. we assembled a comprehensive dataset comprising the coi, coii and 5.8s rrna genes and used maximum likelihood and bayesian inference to estimate the phylogeny and divergence times o ... | 2015 | 26244561 |