Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| the pd-l1/cd86 ratio is increased in dendritic cells co-infected with porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and the pd-l1/pd-1 axis is associated with anergy, apoptosis, and the induction of regulatory t-cells in porcine lymphocytes. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) continue to have a negative economic impact on global swine production operations. host immune modulations that potentiate disease during pcv2 and/or prrsv infections are important areas of ongoing research. in this study, we evaluated the expression levels of pd-l1, cd86, and il-10 in order to phenotype dendritic cells following viral infection with pcv2b and/or prrsv. the results showed that the in ... | 2015 | 26446939 |
| vaccination with a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) modified live virus vaccine followed by challenge with prrs virus and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) protects against prrs but enhances pcv2 replication and pathogenesis compared to results for nonvaccinated cochallenged controls. | coinfections involving porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) contribute to a group of disease syndromes known as porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad). presumably, prrsv infection enhances pcv2 replication as a result of modulation of host immunity. the purpose of this study was to evaluate pcv2 replication and pathogenesis in pigs vaccinated with a prrs modified live virus (mlv) vaccine and subsequently challenged with a combina ... | 2015 | 26446422 |
| identification of natural recombinants derived from pcv2a and pcv2b. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is considered to be the main pathogen in pc-associated diseases, and significantly affects the global pig-producing industry. pcv2 continuously evolves by point mutations and genome recombinations. in the present study, we aimed to further identify recombinant pcv2 strains. we used polymerase chain reaction to detect pcv2 in the carcasses of pigs with suspected infections from different regions of guangdong province in china. dna was extracted from samples with c ... | 2015 | 26436503 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 detection in in vitro produced porcine blastocysts after virus sperm exposure. | this study was aimed at assessing the capability of semen experimentally infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) to produce porcine blastocysts pcr positive for pcv2. embryos were obtained from in vitro maturation (ivm) and in vitro fertilization (ivf) of porcine oocytes or by parthenogenesis. sperm suspension was exposed to pcv2b and utilized for ivf. pcv2 spiked semen did not reveal any reduction in sperm viability or motility but its ability to produce infected blastocysts was irreleva ... | 2016 | 26434667 |
| in vitro coinfection and replication of classical swine fever virus and porcine circovirus type 2 in pk15 cells. | increasing clinical lines of evidence have shown the coinfection/superinfection of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and classical swine fever virus (csfv). here, we investigated whether pcv2 and csfv could infect the same cell productively by constructing an in vitro coinfection model. our results indicated that pcv2-free pk15 cells but not st cells were more sensitive to pcv2, and the pk15 cell line could stably harbor replicating csfv (pk15-csfv cells) with a high infection rate. confocal and ... | 2015 | 26431319 |
| a sequence of basic residues in the porcine circovirus type 2 capsid protein is crucial for its co-expression and co-localization with the replication protein. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) encodes two major proteins: the replication protein (rep) and the capsid protein (cap). cap displays a conserved stretch of basic residues situated on the inside of the capsid, whose role is so far unknown. we used a reverse-genetics approach to investigate its function and found that mutations in these amino acids hindered cap mrna translation and hampered cap/rep co-localization, yielding unfit viruses. intriguingly, co-transfection with a wt pcv2 of a differen ... | 2015 | 26415571 |
| shedding patterns of endemic eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa) pathogens. | the eurasianwild boar has experienced aworldwide demographic explosion that increases awareness on shared pathogens. however, shedding routes of relevant wild boar pathogens are unknown. previous observations on sex- and age-related differences in aujeszky's disease virus (adv) exposure led us to hypothesize that shedding patterns of endemicwild boar pathogens may be influenced by individual traits.we investigated shedding routes of adv, porcine parvovirus (ppv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) ... | 2015 | 26412545 |
| development of real-time pcr assay for detection of porcine circovirus-like virus p1 in domestic pigs in china. | the porcine circovirus-like agent p1 is a newly discovered dna virus with a single-stranded circular genome that is highly homologous to that of porcine circovirus type 2. p1 infection can cause symptoms resembling postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. this study aims to develop a rapid, sensitive and specific method to detect p1. | 2015 | 26404908 |
| correlates of protection following vaccination with inactivated porcine circovirus 2 vaccines. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is associated with a number of diseases and syndromes, collectively referred to as porcine circovirus-associated disease. the main objective of this study was to define some in vitro correlates of protection after injection of inactivated pcv2 vaccines with a defined antigen mass. twelve pigs were vaccinated with three different doses of inactivated, whole-virus antigen (211-844 ng), while four animals were injected with a commercial vaccine (positive control) an ... | 2015 | 26401584 |
| genetic and phylogenetic analysis of a new porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) strain in china. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the etiological agent associated with several pig diseases that are collectively referred to as porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad). unfortunately, pcv2 has had a serious economic impact on the swine industry. in this study, we report the genome sequence of a novel pcv2 isolate (js2015) identified in pigs in jiang su, china. the complete dna sequence was 1766 nucleotides long with an a+t content of 52.7%. it lacked a guanine (g) at nucleotide positio ... | 2015 | 26395090 |
| a serosurvey for selected pathogens in greek european wild boar. | serum samples, collected from 94 european wild boar (sus scrofa) during the hunting seasons 2006 -2010 from different regions of greece, were examined in order to estimate the role of these wildlife species as reservoir of pathogens important for livestock and/or public health. | 2015 | 26392908 |
| sensitive detection of porcine circovirus-2 by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction. | sensitive detection of porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) is very important for surveillance of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddpcr) is novel pcr method that can achieve high precision. our study aimed to develop a sensitive assay utilizing ddpcr to detect pcv-2. specificity of the assay was confirmed by the failure of amplification of dna of other relevant viruses. the detection limit for ddpcr was 25 copies/μl, a 4-fold greater sensitivity tha ... | 2015 | 26391713 |
| the pathogenic role of torque teno sus virus 1 and 2 and their correlations with various viral pathogens and host immunocytes in wasting pigs. | the pathogenic role of torque teno sus virus (ttsuv) in swine is controversial among different studies. the present study intended to evaluate the potential pathogenicity of ttsuv based on its correlations with the histopathological changes, various common concurrently infected viral pathogens including porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), and porcine parvovirus (ppv), as well as changes in the distribution and population of host immunocy ... | 2015 | 26390821 |
| influence of repeated porcine circovirus type 2 vaccination on sows' immune response. | 2015 | 26374783 | |
| immunogenicity and immunoprotection of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) cap protein displayed by lactococcus lactis. | the capsid (cap) protein, an important immunoprotective protein of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), was expressed on the cell surface of the gram-positive food-grade bacterium, lactococcus lactis. cap protein was fused to the peptidoglycan binding domain (known as the protein anchor domain, pa) of the lactococcal acma cell-wall hydrolase. the cap protein fusion was non-covalently rebound to the surface of non-genetically modified, non-living high-binder l. lactis cells (designated gram-positive ... | 2016 | 26372858 |
| orf2 protein of porcine circovirus type 2 promotes phagocytic activity of porcine macrophages by inhibiting proteasomal degradation of complement component 1, q subcomponent binding protein (c1qbp) through physical interaction. | defining how each orf of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) manipulates the host immune system may be helpful to understand the disease progression of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. in this study, we demonstrated a direct interaction between the pcv2 orf2 and complement component 1, q subcomponent binding protein (c1qbp) within the cytoplasm of host macrophages. the physical interaction between pcv2 orf2 and c1qbp inhibited ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of c1qbp in macro ... | 2015 | 26361775 |
| antigenic determinants of possible vaccine escape by porcine circovirus subtype 2b viruses. | currently available commercial vaccines against porcine circovirus strain 2 (pcv2) solely target the pcv2a genotype. while pcv2 vaccines are highly effective in preventing clinical signs, pcv2b has dominated over the pcv2a genotype in prevalence, corresponding with the introduction of pcv2a vaccines. a recently emerged pcv2b recombinant with an additional amino acid in the capsid protein, designated the mutant pcv2b (mpcv2b), is cause for concern due to its increased virulence and rapid spread. ... | 2015 | 26339187 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 orf4 protein binds heavy chain ferritin. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary infectious agent of pcv-associated disease (pcvad) in swine. orf4 protein is a newly identified viral protein of pcv2 and is involved in virus-induced apoptosis. however, the molecular mechanisms of orf4 protein regulation of apoptosis remain unclear, especially given there is no information regarding any cellular partners of the orf4 protein. here, we have utilized the yeast two-hybrid assay and identified four host proteins (fhc, snrpn, cox8a and ... | 2015 | 26333394 |
| enhanced immunoassay for porcine circovirus type 2 antibody using enzyme-loaded and quantum dots-embedded shell-core silica nanospheres based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | boosting the detection sensitivity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is significant to the early clinical diagnosis of various diseases. here, we developed a versatile immunosensor using silica nanospheres as carriers for sensitive detection of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) antibody. with hrp enzyme covalently immobilized on the silica nanospheres and cdse nanocrystals embedded inside, these signal probes were successfully utilized in the sensitive detection of pcv2 antibody by eli ... | 2015 | 26320802 |
| the dilemma of rare events: porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in north america. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) has been recognized as a swine pathogen for 40 years, but until 2013 had not been detected in the western hemisphere. from originally causing a relatively mild and sporadic disease, pedv has been more recently associated with severe outbreaks of diarrheal disease in asia, and subsequently north america. pedv shares some important characteristics with two major pandemic viruses (porcine reproductive and respiratory virus; porcine circovirus type 2) of pigs t ... | 2015 | 26318527 |
| revisiting the taxonomical classification of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2): still a real challenge. | pcv2 has emerged as one of the most devastating viral infections of swine farming, causing a relevant economic impact due to direct losses and control strategies expenses. epidemiological and experimental studies have evidenced that genetic diversity is potentially affecting the virulence of pvc2. the growing number of pcv2 complete genomes and partial sequences available at genbank questioned the accepted pcv2 classification. | 2015 | 26311322 |
| human and animal enteric virus in groundwater from deep wells, and recreational and network water. | this study was designed to assess the presence of human adenovirus (hadv), rotavirus-a (rva), hepatitis a virus (hav), and porcine circovirus-2 (pcv2) in groundwater from deep wells, and recreational and network waters. the water samples were collected and concentrated and the virus genomes were assessed and quantified by quantitative pcr (qpcr). infectious hadv was evaluated in groundwater and network water samples by integrated cell culture using transcribed messenger rna (mrna) (icc-rt-qpcr). ... | 2015 | 26300358 |
| genetic variability of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) field isolates from vaccinated and non-vaccinated pig herds in germany. | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) is responsible for a wide range of associated diseases (pcvd) affecting swine production worldwide. highly efficient commercial vaccines induce protective immunity, but pcv2 is still circulating in vaccinated farms. thus, and because of the viruś high mutation rate, recent findings provide concerns about pcv2 strains capable to escape vaccination. based on 2156 samples from individual pigs of 315 herds from germany we describe a high effectivity of vaccination between ... | 2015 | 26275852 |
| a porcine circovirus-2 mutant isolated in brazil contains low-frequency substitutions in regions of immunoprotective epitopes in the capsid protein. | porcine circovirus-2 (pcv2) is the etiologic agent of several diseases in pigs, including multi-systemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in this work, a new mutant pcv2b was isolated from pmws-affected pigs on a brazilian farm. its genome showed high sequence similarity (>99% identity) to those from a group of emerging mutants isolated from cases of pmws outbreaks in vaccinated pigs in china, the usa and south korea. here, we show that these isolates share a combination of low-frequency substitutions ( ... | 2015 | 26271152 |
| erythema multiforme associated with respiratory disease in a commercial breeding pig herd. | this study describes an erythema multiforme (em) in breeding sows, after their mixing in the group housing system. sows at 30-35 days of gestation showed red and raised skin areas, depression, anorexia, fever, respiratory problems, and increased return to estrus. blood and nasal samples from diseased sows were examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for respiratory pathogens. hematological and biochemical analyses were performed on the blood sampl ... | 2015 | 26266696 |
| analysis of ttsuv1b antibody in porcine serum and its correlation with four antibodies against common viral infectious diseases. | the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the correlation between torque teno sus virus 1b (ttsuv1b) infection and other viral infections or vaccine immunization in conventional pigs. | 2015 | 26260234 |
| simultaneous detection of eight swine reproductive and respiratory pathogens using a novel gexp analyser-based multiplex pcr assay. | a new high-throughput genomelab gene expression profiler (gexp) analyser-based multiplex pcr assay was developed for the detection of eight reproductive and respiratory pathogens in swine. the reproductive and respiratory pathogens include north american porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv-na), classical swine fever virus (csfv), porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2), swine influenza virus (siv) (including h1 and h3 subtypes), porcine parvovirus (ppv), pseudorabies virus (prv) and ... | 2015 | 26259690 |
| expression of antigenic epitopes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) in a modified live-attenuated porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccine virus (pcv1-2a) as a potential bivalent vaccine against both pcv2 and prrsv. | co-infection of pigs in the field with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is common and poses a major concern in effective control of pcv2 and prrsv. we previously demonstrated that insertion of foreign epitope tags in the c-terminus of pcv2 orf2 produced infectious virions that elicited humoral immune responses against both pcv2 capsid and inserted epitope tags. in this study, we aimed to determine whether the non-pathogenic chimeric ... | 2015 | 26239318 |
| astragalus polysaccharides inhibits pcv2 replication by inhibiting oxidative stress and blocking nf-κb pathway. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad). astragalus polysaccharide (aps), as one kind of biological macromolecule extracted from astragalus, has antiviral activities. this study was undertaken to explore the effect of aps on pcv2 replication in vitro and the underlying mechanisms. our results showed that adding aps before pcv2 infection decreased significantly pcv2 dna copies, the number of infected cells, mda level, ros le ... | 2015 | 26226456 |
| comparative efficacy of experimental inactivated and live-attenuated chimeric porcine circovirus (pcv) 1-2b vaccines derived from pcv1 and pcv2b isolates originated in china. | porcine circovirus type-2b (pcv2b) is recognized as the etiological agent of the various clinical manifestations of porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad). previous studies have demonstrated effectiveness of chimeric pcv1-2 vaccines against pcv2b challenge. in this study, the efficacy of inactivated and live-attenuated (2 × 10(3.5) or 2 × 10(4.0) 50% tissue culture infective dose [tcid50] dose) chimeric pcv1-2b vaccines was compared side-by-side in conventional pigs. | 2015 | 26220290 |
| correction: identification of putative orf5 protein of porcine circovirus type 2 and functional analysis of gfp-fused orf5 protein. | 2015 | 26218681 | |
| coincidental detection of genomes of porcine parvoviruses and porcine circovirus type 2 infecting pigs in japan. | the infection status of 15 viruses in 120 pigs aged about 6 months was investigated based on tonsil specimens collected from a slaughterhouse. only 5 species of porcine parvoviruses and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) were detected at high frequencies; 67% for porcine parvovirus (ppv) (ppv-kr or -nadl2 as the new abbreviation), 58% for ppv2 (cnp-parv4), 39% for ppv3 (p-parv4), 33% for ppv4 (ppv4), 55% for pbo-likev (pbov7) and 80% for pcv2. a phylogenetic analysis of ppv3 suggested that japanes ... | 2015 | 26166811 |
| diagnosis of porcine circovirus type 2 infection with a combination of immunomagnetic beads, single-domain antibody, and fluorescent quantum dot probes. | the use of a specific antibody conjugated with nanobeads, forming immunomagnetic nanobeads (imnbs), has been demonstrated to be useful for the capture and detection of viruses. in this study, imnbs functionalized with a single-domain antibody against the capsid protein (cap) of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), hereafter denoted as psdab, were evaluated and used to capture pcv2. quantum dots (qds) conjugated with psdab were used as a fluorescence probe to visualize pcv2 captured by imnbs. the sp ... | 2015 | 26153546 |
| diagnostic accuracy of porcine acute phase proteins in meat juice for detecting disease at abattoir. | the aim of this work was to evaluate whether acute phase protein (app) determinations could assist official veterinarians carrying out work in slaughterhouses. to test this hypothesis, the diagnostic accuracy of app determinations in meat juice of pigs was analysed to differentiate between healthy and diseased pigs. one hundred and one pigs of two different origins were classified into two groups according to their health status (healthy and diseased pigs), which was determined by a veterinary c ... | 2015 | 26101294 |
| recombinant flagellin-porcine circovirus type 2 cap fusion protein promotes protective immune responses in mice. | the cap protein of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) that serves as a major host-protective immunogen was used to develop recombinant vaccines for control of pcv2-associated diseases. growing research data have demonstrated the high effectiveness of flagellin as an adjuvant for humoral and cellular immune responses. here, a recombinant protein was designed by fusing a modified version of bacterial flagellin to pcv2 cap protein and expressed in a baculovirus system. when administered without adjuv ... | 2015 | 26070075 |
| detection and characterisation of novel bocavirus (genus bocaparvovirus) and gastroenteritis viruses from asymptomatic pigs in ireland. | livestock animals have been the assumed source of several human epidemics in recent years, for example, influenza h1n1, rotavirus g8/g9, and mers-cov. surveillance of novel viruses in animals is essential to evaluate the risk to human and animal health and to determine any economic impact, for example, failure to thrive. there is a paucity of data regarding detection and characterisation of gastroenteritis viruses, particularly novel viruses, in porcines in ireland. recently, a number of small n ... | 2015 | 26065833 |
| detection of porcine circovirus type 2 and its association with pmws in wild boars and domestic pigs in germany: a histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular biological study. | beside domestic pigs wild boars can also be affected by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). for the first time a nationwide survey of wild boars (n = 356) and domestic pigs (n = 340) was carried out in germany by histopathology, immunohistochemistry (ihc) and quantitative pcr (qpcr). whereas 102/340 domestic pigs were immunoreactive for pcv2 antigen in at least one examined tissue, only 8/356 wild boars reacted positively. similar findings could be found in qpcr: all domestic pigs ... | 2015 | 26054225 |
| a commercial pcv2a-based vaccine is effective in protection from experimental challenge of pcv2 mutant with two amino acids elongation in capsid protein. | current commercial pcv2 vaccines are almost based on pcv2a and have been shown to be effective in reducing pcv2a and pcv2b viremia and pcv2-associated lesions and diseases. the recent emergence of novel mutant pcv2 (mpcv2) strains and linkage of mpcv2 with cases of porcine circovirus associated disease (pcvad) in pig herds have raised concerns over emergence of vaccine-escape mutants and reduced efficacy of pcv2a-based vaccines. the aim of this study was to determine the ability of a commercial ... | 2015 | 26051516 |
| vascular lesions and pneumonia in a pig fetus infected by porcine circovirus type 2. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) associated reproductive disease was diagnosed in a herd containing only gilts. a single case of abortion occurred and no other disorder was evident in the herd. pcv2 antigen and/or dna were detected in two aborted fetuses. one of the fetuses, revealing both pcv2 dna and antigen, presented multinucleated giant cells, severe vascular lesions (intramural oedema, fibrinoid necrosis, mild lympho-histiocytic vasculitis, fibrin thrombi) and mild non-suppurative inflamma ... | 2015 | 26051260 |
| improvement of the immunogenicity of porcine circovirus type 2 dna vaccine by recombinant orf2 gene and cpg motifs. | nowadays, adjuvant is still important for boosting immunity and improving resistance in animals. in order to boost the immunity of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) dna vaccine, cpg motifs were inserted. in this study, the dose-effect was studied, and the immunity of pcv2 dna vaccines by recombinant open reading frame 2 (orf2) gene and cpg motifs was evaluated. three-week-old changbai piglets were inoculated intramuscularly with 200 μg, 400 μg, and 800 μg dna vaccines containing 14 and 18 cpg mot ... | 2015 | 26046831 |
| effect of atovastatin treatment on porcine circovirus 2 infection in balb/c mice. | the hmg-coa reductase (hmgcr) pathway is an important metabolic route, which is not only present in almost every organism, but also involves virus infection. it has recently been shown that expression levels of ifn-responsive genes were significantly increased in hmgcr-downregulated cells and hmgcr inhibitor-treated cells. the aim of this study was to determine whether inhibition of hmgcr by atovastatin would significantly affect porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection and immunological react ... | 2015 | 26041431 |
| t-cell reprogramming through targeted cd4-coreceptor and t-cell receptor expression on maturing thymocytes by latent circoviridae family member porcine circovirus type 2 cell infections in the thymus. | although porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-associated diseases have been evaluated for known immune evasion strategies, the pathogenicity of these viruses remained concealed for decades. surprisingly, the same viruses that cause panzootics in livestock are widespread in young, unaffected animals. recently, evidence has emerged that circovirus-like viruses are also linked to complex diseases in humans, including children. we detected pcv2 genome-carrying cells in fetal pig thymi. to elucidate viru ... | 2015 | 26038767 |
| identification of putative orf5 protein of porcine circovirus type 2 and functional analysis of gfp-fused orf5 protein. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the essential infectious agent responsible for causing porcine circovirus-associated diseases in pigs. to date, eleven rnas and five viral proteins of pcv2 have been detected. here, we identified a novel viral gene within the pcv2 genome, termed orf5, that exists at both the transcriptional and translational level during productive infection of pcv2 in porcine alveolar macrophages 3d4/2 (pams). northern blot analysis was used to demonstrate that the orf5 gene ... | 2015 | 26035722 |
| assessment of neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibody responses against porcine circovirus 2 in vaccinated and non-vaccinated farmed pigs. | vaccination is the most efficacious procedure to curtail porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2)-associated diseases (pcvad). experimental studies indicate that pcv2 vaccine-induced virus-neutralizing antibodies play a major role in protection from pcvad. however, the immune response to pcv2 vaccination of pigs on farms is less clear. analysing groups of age-matched vaccinated and non-vaccinated farmed pigs, we found significantly increased levels of virus-neutralizing antibodies only in vaccinated pigs bel ... | 2015 | 26033118 |
| genetic characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in pigs of bhutan. | porcine circovirus (pcv) is a small non-enveloped virus with a single-stranded circular dna with two antigenically and genetically different species, pcv1 and pcv2. among these two, pcv2 is responsible for multifactorial disease syndromes, the most important disease known as pcv2-systemic disease (pcv2-sd), previously known as post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). the epidemiological situation is dynamically changing and new strains including recombinant pcv2 have emerged in asia. ... | 2017 | 26032877 |
| expression of toll-like receptor signaling-related genes in pigs co-infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2. | pigs co-infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) have been shown to develop more severe diseases than pigs infected with prrsv or pcv2 only. the underlying interaction mechanisms between the two viruses in developing the disease are unclear. the present study investigates the mrna expression of toll-like receptor (tlr) signaling-related molecules in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pigs infected with prrsv or pcv2 or bo ... | 2015 | 26022073 |
| the use of convalescent sera in immune-electron microscopy to detect non-suspected/new viral agents. | negative staining electron microscopy methods can be employed for the diagnosis of viral particles in animal samples. in fact, negative staining electron microscopy methods are used to identify viruses, especially in minor species and wild animals, when no other methods are available and in cases of rare, emerging or re-emerging infections. in particular, immune-electron-microscopy with convalescent sera is employed to detect etiological agents when there are undiagnosed clinical outbreaks, when ... | 2015 | 26008707 |
| first identification of porcine circovirus type 2b mutant in pigs from uruguay. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is a worldwide distributed virus and is considered an important emerging pathogen related to several distinct disease syndromes in pigs. pcv2 strains are classified into three genotypes: pcv2a, with five subtypes (2a-2e), pcv2b with three subtypes (1a-1c) and pcv2c, only found in denmark. recently, several reports suggested the circulation of newly emerging pcv2b mutants (mpcv2b) isolated from pigs with pcvad in cases of suspected vaccine failure. in this work, w ... | 2015 | 26004195 |
| [construction and identification of a recombinant prrsv expressing orf2 of porcine circovirus type 2]. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) are very two important pathogens that have coursed huge economic losses in swine production in worldwide. in this study,a vector pcmv-tjm containing the full-length cdna clone of prrsv attenuated strain tjm-f92 was firstly constructed by pcr method. then a gene sequence containing afl ii/mlu i e restriction enzyme sites and a transcription regulatory sequence for orf6 (trs6) was inserted be- tween or ... | 2015 | 25997333 |
| enhanced production of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) virus-like particles in sf9 cells by translational enhancers. | to investigate the effect of three translational enhancers for enhancing transgene expression in baculovirus expression vector system using gfp as a reporter gene and selected translational enhancers to increase porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vlps production. | 2015 | 25994579 |
| complete genome sequence of porcine circovirus strain 102 with a novel mutation, isolated from hunan province, china. | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) strain 102 belongs to the pcv2b-1c subtype, and its sole structural protein (cap) exhibits high homology with that of other pcv2b isolates reported in south korea, china, and the united states. strain 102 contains a new mutation (r37h) in the domain of the nuclear localization signal (nls) of the cap. | 2015 | 25977419 |
| genetic characterisation of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) strains from feral pigs in the brazilian pantanal: an opportunity to reconstruct the history of pcv2 evolution. | since its discovery, porcine circovirus type 2 has emerged as one of the most relevant swine infectious diseases, causing relevant economic losses for the pig industry. while four genotypes were identified, only three (pcv2a, pcv2b and pcv2d) are currently circulating and display a worldwide distribution. another genotype, pcv2c, has been described only once in danish archive samples collected between 1980 and 1990. in addition to commercial pigs, pcv2 has been demonstrated to infect wild boars ... | 2015 | 25975522 |
| characterization of porcine parvovirus type 3 and porcine circovirus type 2 in wild boars (sus scrofa) in slovakia. | as the number of free-living wild boars (sus scrofa l.) continues to rise in slovakia, the probability of pathogen transmission between susceptible species increases. we investigated the distribution and genetic characterization of porcine parvovirus type 3 (ppv3), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), and their coinfection in wild boars. among 194 animals tested, 19.1% were positive for ppv3 and 43.8% for pcv2. similar rates of coinfection with both viruses reaching 11.0% and 11.8% were observed in ... | 2015 | 25973618 |
| evaluation of the capability of the pcv2 genome to encode mirnas: lack of viral mirna expression in an experimental infection. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is a ssdna virus causing pcv2-systemic disease (pcv2-sd), one of the most important diseases in swine. micrornas (mirnas) are a new class of small non-coding rnas that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. viral mirnas have recently been described and the number of viral mirnas has been increasing in the past few years. in this study, small rna libraries were constructed from two tissues of subclinically pcv2 infected pigs to explore if pcv2 can encode ... | 2015 | 25934266 |
| differential recognition of the orf2 region in a complete genome sequence of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) isolated from boar bone marrow in korea. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the causative agent of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in swine. here, a phylogenetic tree was constructed using pcv2 nucleotide sequences derived from the bone marrow of korean boar and previously reported pcv2 sequences isolated from various countries. pcv2 from korean boar bone marrow (kc188796) was classified into the group containing pcv2a-canada and other pcv2 strain from korea. while the orf1 region of the pcv2 genome was highly conse ... | 2015 | 25917618 |
| purification of recombinant virus-like particles of porcine circovirus type 2 capsid protein using ion-exchange monolith chromatography. | diseases associated with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection are having a severe economic impact on swine-producing countries. the pcv2 capsid (cap) protein expressed in eukaryotic systems self-assemble into virus-like particles (vlps) which can serve as antigens for diagnostics or/and as vaccine candidates. in this work, conventional adsorbents as well as a monolithic support with large pore sizes were examined for the chromatographic purification of pcv2 cap vlps from clarified yeast ly ... | 2015 | 25910233 |
| comparative clinical sample preparation of dna and rna viral nucleic acids for a commercial deep sequencing system (illumina miseq(®)). | sequence-independent methods for viral discovery have been widely used for whole genome sequencing of viruses. different protocols for viral enrichment, library preparation and sequencing have increasingly been more available and at lower costs. however, no study to date has focused on optimization of viral sample preparation for commercial deep sequencing. accordingly, the aim of the present study was to evaluate an in-house enzymatic protocol for double-stranded dna (dsdna) synthesis and also ... | 2015 | 25901649 |
| fatal disease associated with swine hepatitis e virus and porcine circovirus 2 co-infection in four weaned pigs in china. | in recent decades, porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) infection has been recognized as the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, and has become a threat to the swine industry. hepatitis e virus (hev) is another high prevalent pathogen in swine in many regions of the world. pcv2 and hev are both highly prevalent in pig farms in china. | 2015 | 25889526 |
| pcv2 vaccination induces ifn-γ/tnf-α co-producing t cells with a potential role in protection. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is one of the economically most important pathogens for swine production worldwide. vaccination is a powerful tool to control porcine circovirus diseases (pcvd). however, it is not fully understood how pcv2 vaccination interacts with the porcine immune system. especially knowledge on the cellular immune response against pcv2 is sparse. in this study we analysed antigen-specific t cell responses against pcv2 in a controlled vaccination and infection experiment. we ... | 2015 | 25888899 |
| changes in cellular microrna expression induced by porcine circovirus type 2-encoded proteins. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, which leads to serious economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. while the molecular basis of pcv2 replication and pathogenicity remains elusive, it is increasingly apparent that the microrna (mirna) pathway plays a key role in controlling virus-host interactions, in addition to a wide range of cellular processes. here, we employed solexa deep sequencing technology to determine whi ... | 2015 | 25885539 |
| construction of a novel porcine circovirus type 2 infectious clone as a basis for the development of a pcv2 idna vaccine. | porcine circovirus-associated disease is a highly contagious disease that has significant economic consequences. the disease is prevalent in many countries and regions. to generate a genetic marker strain of pcv2, a sal i restriction enzyme site was inserted into the pcv2 clone as a genetic marker by applying idna infectious clone technology. the idna represents plasmids that encode the full-length dna genome of pcv2 assembled in a pcdna3.1-based vectors. the mutant pcv2 was rescued by transfect ... | 2015 | 25882478 |
| glutamine starvation enhances pcv2 replication via the phosphorylation of p38 mapk, as promoted by reducing glutathione levels. | glutamine has a positive effect on ameliorating reproductive failure caused by porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). however, the mechanism by which glutamine affects pcv2 replication remains unclear. this study was conducted to investigate the effects of glutamine on pcv2 replication and its underlying mechanisms in vitro. the results show that glutamine promoted pk-15 cell viability. surprisingly, glutamine starvation significantly increased pcv2 replication. the promotion of pcv2 replication by g ... | 2015 | 25879878 |
| rapid and specific detection of porcine parvovirus using real-time pcr and high resolution melting (hrm) analysis. | porcine parvovirus (ppv) is the important causative agent for infectious infertility, which is a fairly tough virus that multiplies normally in the intestine of pigs without causing clinical signs in the world. | 2015 | 25879634 |
| identification of micrornas in pcv2 subclinically infected pigs by high throughput sequencing. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the essential etiological infectious agent of pcv2-systemic disease and has been associated with other swine diseases, all of them collectively known as porcine circovirus diseases. micrornas (mirnas) are a new class of small non-coding rnas that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. mirnas play an increasing role in many biological processes. the study of mirna-mediated host-pathogen interactions has emerged in the last decade due to the important ... | 2015 | 25879589 |
| optimization on preparation conditions of salidroside liposome and its immunological activity on pcv-2 in mice. | the aim of this study was to optimize the preparation conditions of salidroside liposome with high encapsulation efficiency (ee) and to study the immunological enhancement activity of salidroside liposome as porcine circovirus type 2 virus (pcv-2) vaccine adjuvant. response surface methodology (rsm) was selected to optimize the conditions for the preparation of salidroside liposome using design-expert v8.0.6 software. three kinds of salidroside liposome adjuvants were prepared to study their adj ... | 2015 | 25878712 |
| exposure to environmental stressors result in increased viral load and further reduction of production parameters in pigs experimentally infected with pcv2b. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) has been identified as the essential, but not sole, underlying infectious component for pcv-associated diseases (pcvad). several co-factors have been suggested to convert an infection with pcv2 into the clinical signs of pcvad, including co-infection with a secondary pathogen and the genetic background of the pig. in the present study, we investigated the role of environmental stressors in the form of changes in environmental temperature and increased stocking-de ... | 2015 | 25866129 |
| a novel subunit vaccine co-expressing gm-csf and pcv2b cap protein enhances protective immunity against porcine circovirus type 2 in piglets. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) causes porcine circovirus-associated disease. capsid (cap) protein of pcv2 is the principal immunogenic protein that induces neutralizing antibodies and protective immunity. gm-csf is an immune adjuvant that enhances responses to vaccines. in this study, recombinant baculoviruses ac-cap and ac-cap-gm-csf expressing the cap protein alone and co-expressing the cap protein and porcine gm-csf, respectively, were constructed successfully. the target proteins were anal ... | 2015 | 25863115 |
| international trades, local spread and viral evolution: the case of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) strains heterogeneity in italy. | porcine circovirus type 2 is one of the most widespread and economically relevant infections of swine. four genotypes have been recognized, but currently, only three (pcv2a, pcv2b and pcv2d) are effectively circulating. the widespread livestock trade and rapid viral evolution have contributed to determining the high heterogeneity of pcv2 and the dispersal of potentially more virulent strains. italian swine farming and the related processing industry are relevant in the national economy. despite ... | 2015 | 25858118 |
| application of a pathogen microarray for the analysis of viruses and bacteria in clinical diagnostic samples from pigs. | many of the disease syndromes challenging the commercial swine industry involve the analysis of complex problems caused by polymicrobial, emerging or reemerging, and transboundary pathogens. this study investigated the utility of the lawrence livermore microbial detection array (lawrence livermore national laboratory, livermore, california), designed to detect 8,101 species of microbes, in the evaluation of known and unknown microbes in serum, oral fluid, and tonsil from pigs experimentally coin ... | 2015 | 25855363 |
| [molecular-genetic analysis of the genomes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2 circulating in the area of russian federation]. | the molecular genetic analysis of the genomes of the virus of porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome (vprrs) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) circulating in the area of the russian federation was discussed. the results of this work showed the circulation of the strains of the european genotype vprrs similar to those found in france and denmark from 1998 to 2001. the homology of the fragment of one of the genes between the russian isolates and the vaccine strain porcilis prrs (intervet) w ... | 2014 | 25845139 |
| mutant rep protein of the porcine circovirus type 2 n-glycosylation:23-25aa, 256-258aa mutation reduced virus replication but 286-288aa mutation enhanced virus replication in pk-15 cells. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) rep protein and the splice variant rep' protein impact genome replication. the rep protein contains three potential n-glycosylation at positions 23-25aa (nps), 256-258aa (nqt) and 286-288aa (nat). three double copy infectious clones with rep protein n-glycosylation at positions mutations 23-25aa (dps), 256-258aa (dqt) and 286-288aa (dat) were constructed and their function in virus replication in pk-15 cells was investigated. the results showed that the double co ... | 2015 | 25829242 |
| a taqman-based real-time pcr for detection and quantification of porcine parvovirus 4. | porcine parvovirus 4 (ppv4) is a dna virus, and a member of the parvoviridae family within the bocavirus genera. it was detected recently in swine, but its epidemiology and pathology remain unclear. a taqman-based real-time pcr (qpcr) targeting a conserved region of the orf3 gene of ppv4 was developed. the qpcr detection limit was 9.5 × 10(1) dna copies/μl. there was no cross-reaction with porcine parvovirus, torque teno virus 1, torque teno virus 2, porcine circovirus type 1, porcine circovirus ... | 2015 | 25813599 |
| comparison of three commercial one-dose porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccines in a herd with concurrent circulation of pcv2b and mutant pcv2b. | porcine circovirus associated disease (pcvad) occurred in a farm where pigs had been routinely vaccinated with a commercial pcv2a vaccine. a mutant pcv2b (mpcv2b) was isolated from pigs with pcvad, perhaps implying a perceived vaccine failure. the objective of this study was to determine and compare the efficacy of 3 one-dose pcv2a vaccines of varying antigen type and dose in the same pig farm with concurrent pcv2b and mpcv2b infection based on clinical (average daily weight gain; adwg), virolog ... | 2015 | 25790733 |
| prevalence of porcine circovirus-2 dna-positive ovarian and uterine tissues in gilts culled due to reproductive disturbance in thailand. | the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) dna-positive ovarian and uterine tissues in gilts culled due to reproductive disturbance in thailand. tissues (70 ovaries and 102 uteri) and serum (n = 102) samples from 102 gilts were included. pcv-2 dna was detected by using polymerase chain reactions. the localisation of pcv-2 antigen was determined by immunohistochemistry, and pcv-2 antibody was evaluated by elisa. pcv-2 dna was detected in 30.0 % (21/70) of ... | 2015 | 25782565 |
| specific functions of the rep and rep׳ proteins of porcine circovirus during copy-release and rolling-circle dna replication. | the roles of two porcine circovirus replication initiator proteins, rep and rep׳, in generating copy-release and rolling-circle dna replication intermediates were determined. rep uses the supercoiled closed-circular genome (ccc) to initiate leading-strand synthesis (identical to copy-release replication) and generates the single-stranded circular (ssc) genome from the displaced dna strand. in the process, a minus-genome primer (mgp) necessary for complementary-strand synthesis, from ssc to ccc, ... | 2015 | 25768890 |
| complete genome sequence of emerging porcine circovirus types 2a and 2b from india. | we report here the first characterized complete genome sequence of porcine circovirus types 2a and 2b from northeastern states of india. these isolates may serve as a potential reference for the indian strains of porcine circovirus types 2a and 2b. | 2015 | 25767230 |
| virological and serological characterization of vaccinated and non-vaccinated piglet subpopulations coming from vaccinated and non-vaccinated sows. | the present study describes the virological and serological profiles of pcv2 vaccinated (v) and non-vaccinated (nv) piglet subpopulations coming from v and nv sows in a pcv2 subclinically infected farm. four hundred seventy-six piglets born from v or nv sows were further subdivided in a total of four groups: nv sows-nv pigs (nv-nv), nv sows-v pigs (nv-v); v sows-nv pigs (v-nv) and v sows-v pigs (v-v). seventy-five pigs were randomly selected at the beginning of the trial from each group and they ... | 2015 | 25748003 |
| prevalence of emerging porcine parvoviruses and their co-infections with porcine circovirus type 2 in china. | a total of 450 samples from domestic pigs in china were tested for porcine parvoviruses (ppvs) and co-infections with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), and their complete capsid genes were sequenced. the prevalence of ppv1, ppv2, ppv3, ppv4, and pcv2 was 5.56 %, 39.56 %, 45.11 %, 21.56 %, and 47.33 %, respectively, and co-infection with pcv2 occurred in 4 % (ppv1), 22.44 % (ppv2), 24 % (ppv3), and 12 % (ppv4) of the samples. phylogenetic analysis revealed two main lineages for each virus, and re ... | 2015 | 25742931 |
| effect of dietary selenium yeast supplementation on porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infections in mice. | the present study was performed to determine the protective role of dietary selenium (se) yeast supplementation in porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infected mice. forty-eight kun ming female mice were randomly assigned to se yeast group (0.3%se +basal diet, n = 24) and control group (basal diet, n = 24). after 3 days of adaptive feeding and 15 days treatment with the experimental feed, mice were challenged by intraperitioneal injection of pcv2 at the dosage of 2000 tcid50 (50% tissue culture inf ... | 2015 | 25723390 |
| effect of deoxynivalenol (don) mycotoxin on in vivo and in vitro porcine circovirus type 2 infections. | deoxynivalenol (don) is a mycotoxin produced by fusarium spp and is a common contaminant of grains in north america. among farm animals, swine are the most susceptible to don because it markedly reduces feed intake and decreases weight gain. porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the main causative agent of several syndromes in weaning piglets collectively known as porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad). the objectives of this study were to investigate the impact of don on pcv2 replication i ... | 2015 | 25717015 |
| global molecular genetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) sequences confirms the presence of four main pcv2 genotypes and reveals a rapid increase of pcv2d. | the oldest porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) sequence dates back to 1962 and is among several hundreds of publicly available pcv2 sequences. despite this resource, few studies have investigated the global genetic diversity of pcv2. to evaluate the phylogenetic relationship of pcv2 strains, 1680 pcv2 open reading frame 2 (orf2) sequences were compared and analysed by methods of neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood, bayesian inference and network analysis. four distinct clades were consistently id ... | 2015 | 25711965 |
| construction and immunogenicity of a recombinant pseudorabies virus co-expressing porcine circovirus type 2 capsid protein and interleukin 18. | a novel recombinant pseudorabies virus (prv) expressing porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) capsid protein and il-18 was constructed. the pcv2 open reading frame 2 (orf2) and porcine il-18 genes were amplified by pcr and then inserted into the prv transfer vector (pg) to produce a recombinant plasmid (pgo18). plasmid pgo18 was transfected into porcine kidney cell (pk15) pre-infected with prv hb98 vaccine strain to generate a recombinant virus. the recombinant virus prv-orf2-il18 was purified by gre ... | 2015 | 25701744 |
| meta-analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccines. | 2015 | 25697365 | |
| a simple method for measuring porcine circovirus 2 whole virion particles and standardizing vaccine formulation. | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) is involved in porcine circovirus-associated disease, that causes great economic losses to the livestock industry worldwide. vaccination against pcv2 proved to be very effective in reducing disease occurrence and it is currently performed on a large scale. starting from a previous model concerning foot-and mouth disease virus antigens, we developed a rapid and simple method to quantify pcv2 whole virion particles in inactivated vaccines. this procedure, based on sucro ... | 2015 | 25687800 |
| response to allison et al. 'meta-analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccines'. | 2015 | 25681863 | |
| exposure of feral swine (sus scrofa) in the united states to selected pathogens. | feral swine (sus scrofa) are widely distributed in the united states. in 2011 and 2012, serum samples and tonsils were recovered from 162 and 37 feral swine, respectively, in the us to evaluate exposure to important swine endemic pathogens. antibodies against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) were found in 2.5% and 25.3% of tested sera, respectively. positive serological reactions against mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and actinobacillus p ... | 0 | 25673913 |
| detection of a new cluster of porcine circovirus type 2b strains in domestic pigs in germany. | pcv2 can be divided into three different genotypes: pcv2a, pcv2b and pcv2c. since 2004/2005 pcv2b has become the predominant genotype in the domestic pig population worldwide. in the years 2010 and 2012 pcv2b mutant strains (mpcv2), classified as pcv2b-1c strains, were detected in porcine circovirus diseases (pcvd) affected pigs in china and the united states, respectively. within one year (april 2013-april 2014) newly emerging mpcv2 strains were isolated in seven german pig farms routinely vacc ... | 2015 | 25669598 |
| enhancement of the immunogenicity of a porcine circovirus type 2 dna vaccine by a recombinant plasmid coexpressing capsid protein and porcine interleukin-6 in mice. | the development of effective vaccines against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) has been accepted as an important strategy in the prophylaxis of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome; a dna vaccine expressing the major immunogenic capsid (cap) protein of pcv2 is considered to be a promising candidate. however, dna vaccines usually induce weak immune responses. in this study, it was found that the efficacy of a dna vaccine expressing cap protein was improved by simultaneous expression of por ... | 2015 | 25664504 |
| insulated isothermal reverse transcriptase pcr (iirt-pcr) for rapid and sensitive detection of classical swine fever virus. | classical swine fever (csf) is an oie-listed disease that can have a severe impact on the swine industry. user-friendly, sensitive, rapid diagnostic tests that utilize low-cost field-deployable instruments for csf diagnosis can be useful for disease surveillance and outbreak monitoring. in this study, we describe validation of a new probe-based insulated isothermal reverse transcriptase pcr (iirt-pcr) assay for rapid detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv) on a compact, user-friendly dev ... | 2016 | 25644051 |
| genome-wide analysis of tnf-alpha response in pigs challenged with porcine circovirus 2b. | tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine with a role in activating adaptive immunity to viral infections. by inhibiting the capacity of plasmacytoid dendritic cells to produce interferon-α and tnf-α, porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) limits the maturation of myeloid dendritic cells and impairs their ability to recognize viral and bacterial antigens. previously, we reported qtl for viremia and immune response in pcv2-infected pigs. in this study, we analyzed phenotypic and gen ... | 2015 | 25643812 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) enteric disease: an independent condition or part of the systemic disease? | intestinal disorders in growing and finishing pigs have been associated with several infectious agents, including porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). this virus has been mainly related with pcv2-systemic disease (pcv2-sd); nevertheless, some authors have suggested a possible restricted intestinal infection of this virus associated with enteric clinical signs. this condition has been referred as pcv2-enteric disease (pcv2-ed). the present study analysed retrospectively, from a pathological point of ... | 2015 | 25631251 |
| ear necrosis syndrome in weaning pigs associated with pcv2 infection: a case report. | porcine necrotic ear syndrome (pnes) in pigs has been reported as an increasing health problem in many countries with intensive pig farming. the etiology of this disease is complex and the presumed triggering factors can be divided into infectious and non-infectious agents. the present report describes a case of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), infection associated with lesions of pnes at the weaning stage of a farrow-to-finish pig farm. approximately 35% of weaners (1-3 weeks after weaning) pr ... | 2012 | 25610573 |
| overexpression of programmed death ligands in naturally occurring postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is regarded as an immunosuppressive disease in pigs caused by porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). immune inhibitory receptors, particularly programmed death 1/programmed death-ligands (pd-1/pd-ls) are presumably involved in the immunopathogenesis of pmws. the aim of this investigation was to examine the relationship of immune inhibitory receptors and immunocompromised by pmws. nine 45-day-old conventional pigs were selected from a farm where pigs e ... | 2015 | 25594677 |
| genetic characterisation and phylogenetic analysis of pcv2 isolates from india: indications for emergence of natural inter-genotypic recombinants. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), the necessary agent in pathogenesis of porcine circovirus diseases (pcvds), has a worldwide distribution and is considered as one of the most important emerging viral pathogens of economic importance. pcv2 has been divided into four major genotypes namely pcv2a with five clusters or subtypes (2a-2e), pcv2b with three clusters (1a-1c), pcv2c and pcv2d, based on capsid (cap) gene analysis. pcv2 genome is rapidly evolving through events of recombination and mutatio ... | 2015 | 25592870 |
| the orf3 protein of porcine circovirus type 2 promotes secretion of il-6 and il-8 in porcine epithelial cells by facilitating proteasomal degradation of regulator of g protein signalling 16 through physical interaction. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the main aetiological agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. the mechanism of pathogenicity associated with pcv2 infection is still not fully understood. nevertheless, the fact that large amounts of proinflammatory cytokines within lymphoid tissues are released during the early stage of pcv2 infection may induce chronic inflammatory responses followed by the destruction of lymphoid tissues. however, how pcv2 infection causes an excessive inflamma ... | 2015 | 25575706 |
| expression profile of toll-like receptor mrna in pigs co-infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2. | field and experimental studies have shown that co-infection of pigs with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) increases the severity of the disease. the present study investigates the mrna expression profile of toll-like receptors (tlrs) in pigs co-infected with prrsv and pcv2. spf pigs were infected with prrsv, pcv2 or in a combination of both. the mrna expression levels of tlrs and related cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cel ... | 2015 | 25555603 |
| ochratoxin a promotes porcine circovirus type 2 replication in vitro and in vivo. | ochratoxin a (ota), a worldwide mycotoxin found in food and feeds, is a potent nephrotoxin in animals and humans. porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad), including porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, is a worldwide swine disease. to date, little is known concerning the relationship between ota and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), the primary causative agent of pcvad. the effects of ota on pcv2 replication and their mechanisms were investigated in vitro and in vivo. the results i ... | 2015 | 25542137 |
| complete genome sequence of porcine circovirus type 2 strain hb-mc1. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad). here, we report the complete genome sequence of pcv2 strain hb-mc1, which belongs to pcv2d. | 2014 | 25540334 |
| prevalence of porcine circovirus 2 and virus-specific antibodies in wild boars (sus scrofa) in slovakia. | 2014 | 25518724 | |
| case-control study evaluating the sow's risk factors associated with stillbirth piglets in midwestern in brazil. | reproductive failure in swine herds is often difficult to diagnose and is important to swine production. the present study aims to identify the potential risk factors (infectious/noninfectious) for stillborn piglets in two commercial swine farms situated in midwestern region of brazil. the potential risk factors were included in a multivariable logistic model, and the dependent variable was defined as the presence of at least one stillborn piglet in a given litter (yes or no). in the best fit mo ... | 2015 | 25516004 |