Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| functional characterization of eul47 in productive replication, morphogenesis and infectivity of equine herpesvirus 1. | eul47 is a major component of the tegument of equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1). to determine its function, we used red/et cloning to delete its gene (gene 13) from ehv-1 strain ab4p inserted into a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac), yielding ab4pattbδ13. we also examined the reverted virus (ab4pattb13r). ab4pattbδ13 replicated in rabbit kidney (rk)-13 cells, indicating that orf13 is dispensable for virus replication in cell culture. its intracellular and extracellular titers were about 10- and 1 ... | 2011 | 22056848 |
| bilateral inhibition of hausp deubiquitinase by a viral interferon regulatory factor protein. | herpesvirus-associated ubiquitin-specific protease (hausp) regulates the stability of p53 and the p53-binding protein mdm2, implicating hausp as a therapeutic target for tuning p53-mediated antitumor activity. here we report the structural analysis of hausp with kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus viral interferon (ifn) regulatory factor 4 (virf4) and the discovery of two virf4-derived peptides, vif1 and vif2, as potent and selective hausp antagonists. this analysis reveals a bilateral belt- ... | 2011 | 22056774 |
| The role of MAPK in CD4(+) T cells toll-like receptor 9-mediated signaling following HHV-6 infection. | Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) is an important immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory virus that primarily infects immune cells (mainly CD4(+) T cells) and strongly suppresses the proliferation of infected cells. Toll-like receptors are pattern-recognition receptors essential for the development of an appropriate innate immune defense against infection. To understand the role of CD4(+) T cells in the innate response to HHV-6 infection and the involvement of TLRs, we used an in vitro infection model ... | 2012 | 22055432 |
| chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6: questions and answers. | chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 (cihhv-6) is a condition in which the complete hhv-6 genome is integrated into the host germ line genome and is vertically transmitted in a mendelian manner. the condition is found in less than 1% of controls in the usa and uk, but has been found at a somewhat higher prevalence in transplant recipients and other patient populations in several small studies. hhv-6 levels in whole blood that exceed 5.5 log10 copies/ml are strongly suggestive of cihhv-6. ... | 2011 | 22052666 |
| simian varicella virus gene expression during acute and latent infection of rhesus macaques. | varicella zoster virus (vzv) is a neurotropic α-herpesvirus that causes chickenpox during primary infection and establishes latency in sensory ganglia. reactivation of vzv results in herpes zoster and other neurological complications. our understanding of the vzv transcriptome during acute and latent infection in immune competent individuals remains incomplete. infection of rhesus macaques with the homologous simian varicella virus (svv) recapitulates the hallmarks of vzv infection. we therefore ... | 2011 | 22052378 |
| acute primary canine herpesvirus-1 dendritic ulcerative keratitis in an adult dog. | we present a report of dendritic ulcerative keratitis in a 4-year old locally immunosuppressed dog suspected to result from acute primary canine herpesvirus-1 (chv-1) infection. the dog was presented for evaluation of mild blepharospasm and conjunctival hyperemia in the right eye (od) shortly after attending a public boarding facility. for approximately 3 months, the dog had been receiving topical prednisolone acetate 1.0% and tacrolimus 0.02% in both eyes (ou) q12h for treatment of follicular c ... | 2011 | 22051326 |
| what has the study of the k3 and k5 viral ubiquitin e3 ligases taught us about ubiquitin-mediated receptor regulation? | cells communicate with each other and the outside world through surface receptors, which need to be tightly regulated to prevent both overstimulation and receptor desensitization. understanding the processes involved in the homeostatic control of cell surface receptors is essential, but we are not alone in trying to regulate these receptors. viruses, as the ultimate host pathogens, have co-evolved over millions of years and have both pirated and adapted host genes to enable viral pathogenesis. k ... | 2011 | 22049306 |
| Human herpesvirus 6 in biopsies from patients with gastrointestinal symptoms after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. | Gastrointestinal complications are frequent after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). Main differential diagnoses are graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and viral infections. In this retrospective analysis, we included 50 patients with severe vomiting or diarrhea in the first year after allo-SCT. One hundred two biopsies obtained by colonoscopy or endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract were analysed by conventional histology for signs of GvHD and by qualitative polymerase chain ... | 2011 | 22048789 |
| virally-induced upregulation of heparan sulfate on b cells via the action of type i ifn. | cell surface heparan sulfate (hs) is an important coreceptor for many cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. in this study, we report that splenic murine b cells express very little hs and that upon infection with either gammaherpesvirus (murine gammaherpesvirus 68) or betaherpesvirus (murine cytomegalovirus), hs is rapidly upregulated at the surface of b cells. hs upregulation was not observed in mice deficient for the type i ifn (ifn-i) receptor. additionally, treatment of wild-type mice w ... | 2011 | 22048770 |
| bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) ul49.5 luminal domain residues 30 to 32 are critical for mhc-i down-regulation in virus-infected cells. | bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) u(l)49.5 inhibits transporter associated with antigen processing (tap) and down-regulates cell-surface expression of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules to promote immune evasion. we have constructed a bhv-1 u(l)49.5 cytoplasmic tail (ct) null and several u(l)49.5 luminal domain mutants in the backbone of wild-type bhv-1 or bhv-1 u(l)49.5 ct- null viruses and determined their relative tap mediated peptide transport inhibition and mhc-1 down- ... | 2011 | 22046246 |
| Coordinated destruction of cellular messages in translation complexes by the gammaherpesvirus host shutoff factor and the mammalian exonuclease Xrn1. | Several viruses encode factors that promote host mRNA degradation to silence gene expression. It is unclear, however, whether cellular mRNA turnover pathways are engaged to assist in this process. In Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus this phenotype is enacted by the host shutoff factor SOX. Here we show that SOX-induced mRNA turnover is a two-step process, in which mRNAs are first cleaved internally by SOX itself then degraded by the cellular exonuclease Xrn1. SOX therefore bypasses the re ... | 2011 | 22046136 |
| Herpesvirus telomerase RNA (vTR) with a mutated template sequence abrogates herpesvirus-induced lymphomagenesis. | Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomerase RNA (TR) represent the enzymatically active components of telomerase. In the complex, TR provides the template for the addition of telomeric repeats to telomeres, a protective structure at the end of linear chromosomes. Human TR with a mutation in the template region has been previously shown to inhibit proliferation of cancer cells in vitro. In this report, we examined the effects of a mutation in the template of a virus encoded TR (vTR) on ... | 2011 | 22046133 |
| Restricted Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) herpesvirus transcription in KS lesions from patients on successful antiretroviral therapy. | Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is caused by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV; human herpesvirus 8). KS is an AIDS-defining cancer, and it is changing in the post-antiretroviral therapy (post-ART) era. In countries with ready access to ART, approximately one-third of KS cases present in patients with undetectable HIV loads and CD4 counts of =200 cells/µl. This is in contrast to pre-ART era KS, which was associated with systemic HIV replication and CD4 counts of =200 cells/µl. Using primary pa ... | 2011 | 22045987 |
| Stability of a long noncoding viral RNA depends on a 9-nt core element at the RNA 5' end to interact with viral ORF57 and cellular PABPC1. | Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) ORF57, also known as Mta (mRNA transcript accumulation), enhances viral intron-less transcript accumulation and promotes splicing of intron-containing viral RNA transcripts. In this study, we identified KSHV PAN, a long non-coding polyadenylated nuclear RNA as a main target of ORF57 by a genome-wide CLIP (cross-linking and immunoprecipitation) approach. KSHV genome lacking ORF57 expresses only a minimal amount of PAN. In cotransfection experiments, OR ... | 2011 | 22043172 |
| disseminated varicella infection caused by varicella vaccine strain in a child with low invariant natural killer t cells and diminished cd1d expression. | live attenuated varicella vaccine is considered a safe vaccine with serious adverse effects reported only in immunocompromised children. we describe a severe life-threatening infection with varicella vaccine virus causing rash and pneumonitis in a 6-year-old boy with no apparent immunodeficiency. | 2011 | 22043019 |
| canine reproductive, respiratory, and ocular diseases due to canine herpesvirus. | this review documents how clinical inquiry expands as our knowledge base about canine herpesvirus (chv) increases. we must understand the various forms of chv infection that may occur in the dog population. this has prompted the veterinary community to develop more sensitive diagnostic assays. chv is more common than we considered a decade ago. up to 70% of some high-risk dog populations have been infected with and are latent carriers of chv. recognition of the various forms of chv-induced disea ... | 2011 | 22041206 |
| novel regulatory role for kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded vflip in chemosensitization to bleomycin. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv/hhv-8) is associated with malignancy. kshv-derived vflip is structurally related to cellular flip and binds to nemo/iκb kinase (ikkγ) to activate nf-κb signaling. nf-κb activation is postulated to confer chemoresistance to various anticancer drugs. however, here we showed that vflip expression uniquely sensitized hek293 cells to bleomycin and its derivatives. chemosensitization to bleomycin by vflip accompanied accumulation of γ-h2ax and g2/m-arrest ... | 2011 | 22037577 |
| recent publications in medical microbiology and immunology: a retrospective. | a look back is done to some clinical and basic research activities recently published in medical microbiology and immunology. the review covers clinical experiences and in vitro experiments to understand the emergency, pathogenicity, epidemic spread, and vaccine-based prevention of avian and swine-origin flu. some new developments and concepts in diagnosis, (molecular) epidemiology, and therapy of aids, viral hepatitis c, and herpesvirus-associated diseases are outlined. regulation of immune sys ... | 2011 | 22033658 |
| activation of pi3k/akt and erk mapk signal pathways is required for the induction of lytic cycle replication of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus by herpes simplex virus type 1. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is causally linked to several acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related malignancies, including kaposi's sarcoma (ks), primary effusion lymphoma (pel) and a subset of multicentric castleman's disease. regulation of viral lytic replication is critical to the initiation and progression of ks. recently, we reported that herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) was an important cofactor that activated lytic cycle replication of kshv. here, we further invest ... | 2011 | 22032493 |
| The lytic phase of epstein-barr virus requires a viral genome with 5-methylcytosine residues in CpG sites. | Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus which has been studied intensively for its role in certain human tumors. It also serves as a model of herpesviral latency because it establishes an immediate, latent infection in human B cells. When EBV infects quiescent, primary B cells it induces their continuous proliferation to yield growth-transformed B-cell lines in vitro. The lytic or productive phase of EBV's life cycle is induced by the expression of the viral BZLF1 gene in latently infect ... | 2012 | 22031942 |
| Evolving evidence implicates cytomegalovirus as a promoter of malignant glioma pathogenesis. | ABSTRACT: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) was first reported to be strongly associated with human malignant gliomas in 2002. HCMV is a herpesvirus that causes congenital brain infection and multi-organ disease in immumocompromised individuals. Malignant gliomas are the most common and aggressive adult brain tumors and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the highest grade glioma, is associated with a life expectancy of less than two years. HCMV gene products encode for multiple proteins that can promote ... | 2011 | 22030012 |
| Novel mouse xenograft models reveal a critical role of CD4+ T cells in the proliferation of EBV-infected T and NK cells. | Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a ubiquitous B-lymphotropic herpesvirus, ectopically infects T or NK cells to cause severe diseases of unknown pathogenesis, including chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV) and EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH). We developed xenograft models of CAEBV and EBV-HLH by transplanting patients' PBMC to immunodeficient mice of the NOD/Shi-scid/IL-2R?(null) strain. In these models, EBV-infected T, NK, or B cells proliferated systemically and reproduced ... | 2011 | 22028658 |
| an integrated approach to elucidate the intra-viral and viral-cellular protein interaction networks of a gamma-herpesvirus. | genome-wide yeast two-hybrid (y2h) screens were conducted to elucidate the molecular functions of open reading frames (orfs) encoded by murine γ-herpesvirus 68 (mhv-68). a library of 84 mhv-68 genes and gene fragments was generated in a gateway entry plasmid and transferred to y2h vectors. all possible pair-wise interactions between viral proteins were tested in the y2h assay, resulting in the identification of 23 intra-viral protein-protein interactions (ppis). seventy percent of the interactio ... | 2011 | 22028648 |
| structure-function analysis of varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein h identifies domain-specific roles for fusion and skin tropism. | enveloped viruses require membrane fusion for cell entry and replication. for herpesviruses, this event is governed by the multiprotein core complex of conserved glycoproteins (g)b and gh/gl. the recent crystal structures of gh/gl from herpes simplex virus 2, pseudorabies virus, and epstein-barr virus revealed distinct domains that, surprisingly, do not resemble known viral fusogens. varicella-zoster virus (vzv) causes chicken pox and shingles. vzv is an α-herpesvirus closely related to herpes s ... | 2011 | 22025718 |
| Viral infections associated with the clinical use of monoclonal antibodies. | In recent years, immunomodulatory agents, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), have been effectively utilized in the management of several malignancies, in transplant rejection, in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and in a range of further indications. However, the administration of mAbs is associated with an increased risk of infections, in particular of viral infections, that is not fully appreciated. The influence of mAbs on viral infections is likely to be relevant, impacting on the in ... | 2011 | 22023708 |
| serologic response to mannheimia haemolytica in calves concurrently inoculated with inactivated or modified-live preparations of m. haemolytica and viral combination vaccines containing modified-live bovine herpesvirus type 1. | to assess the serologic response of calves to inactivated and modified-live (ml) mannheimia haemolytica (mh) preparations given alone and concurrently with combination viral vaccines containing ml bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1). | 2011 | 22023134 |
| A viral nuclear noncoding RNA binds re-localized poly(A) binding protein and is required for late KSHV gene expression. | During the lytic phase of infection, the gamma herpesvirus Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) expresses a highly abundant, 1.1 kb nuclear noncoding RNA of unknown function. We observe that this polyadenylated nuclear (PAN) RNA avidly binds host poly(A)-binding protein C1 (PABPC1), which normally functions in the cytoplasm to bind the poly(A) tails of mRNAs, regulating mRNA stability and translation efficiency. During the lytic phase of KSHV infection, PABPC1 is re-localized to the nu ... | 2011 | 22022268 |
| A wide extent of inter-strain diversity in virulent and vaccine strains of alphaherpesviruses. | Alphaherpesviruses are widespread in the human population, and include herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and 2, and varicella zoster virus (VZV). These viral pathogens cause epithelial lesions, and then infect the nervous system to cause lifelong latency, reactivation, and spread. A related veterinary herpesvirus, pseudorabies (PRV), causes similar disease in livestock that result in significant economic losses. Vaccines developed for VZV and PRV serve as useful models for the development of an HSV ... | 2011 | 22022263 |
| EBV-specific immune responses in patients with multiple sclerosis responding to IFN{beta} therapy. | Background: Symptomatic primary infection with the human ?-herpesvirus Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and elevated immune responses to EBV are associated with the development and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). Interferon-beta (IFNß), first-line treatment for relapse-onset MS, exhibits complex immunoregulatory and antiviral activities. Objective: To determine EBV-specific immune responses in patients with MS during IFNß therapy. Methods: We evaluated cellular and hu ... | 2011 | 22020417 |
| A recombinant bovine herpesvirus 5 defective in thymidine kinase and glycoprotein E is immunogenic for calves and confers protection upon homologous challenge and BoHV-1 challenge. | A recombinant bovine herpesvirus 5 lacking thymidine kinase and glycoprotein E genes (BoHV-5gE?TK?) was evaluated as a live experimental vaccine. In a first experiment, ten-months-old calves were vaccinated intramuscularly (n=9) or remained as controls (n=8) and 42 days later were challenged with BoHV-5 or BoHV-1 intranasally. The four control calves challenged with BoHV-5 developed severe depression and neurological signs and were euthanized in extremis at days 13 and 14 pos-infection (pi); the ... | 2011 | 22019288 |
| Dynamic association of gammaherpesvirus DNA with core histone during de novo lytic infection of primary cells. | Association of herpesvirus DNA with histones has important implications for lytic and latent infections; thus herpesviruses arbitrate interactions with histones to productively infect host cells. While regulation of alpha and betaherpesvirus chromatin during lytic infection has been actively investigated, very little is known about interaction of gammaherpesvirus DNA with histones upon de novo lytic infection. Murine gammaherpesvirus-68 (MHV68) is a rodent pathogen that offers a tractable system ... | 2011 | 22018782 |
| conserved herpesvirus kinases target the dna damage response pathway and tip60 histone acetyltransferase to promote virus replication. | herpesviruses, which are major human pathogens, establish life-long persistent infections. although the α, β, and γ herpesviruses infect different tissues and cause distinct diseases, they each encode a conserved serine/threonine kinase that is critical for virus replication and spread. the extent of substrate conservation and the key common cell-signaling pathways targeted by these kinases are unknown. using a human protein microarray high-throughput approach, we identify shared substrates of t ... | 2011 | 22018239 |
| seroprevalence of 13 common pathogens in a rapidly growing u.s. minority population: mexican americans from san antonio, tx. | abstract: | 2011 | 22018212 |
| clinical characteristics of patients with epstein barr virus in cerebrospinal fluid. | the role of epstein-barr (ebv) virus in central nervous system (cns) infections is not fully resolved. it is clearly associated with lymphoproliferative disease of immunosuppressed persons, and may cause encephalitis. | 2011 | 22018204 |
| the signaling networks of the herpesvirus entry mediator (tnfrsf14) in immune regulation. | the tumor necrosis factor (tnf) receptor superfamily member herpesvirus entry mediator (hvem) (tnfrsf14) regulates t-cell immune responses by activating both inflammatory and inhibitory signaling pathways. hvem acts as both a receptor for the canonical tnf-related ligands, light [lymphotoxin-like, exhibits inducible expression, and competes with herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d for hvem, a receptor expressed on t lymphocytes] and lymphotoxin-α, and as a ligand for the immunoglobulin superfami ... | 2011 | 22017438 |
| Phototherapy in the treatment of cutaneous herpesvirus manifestations. | There is a considerable need for effective and safe treatment of cutaneous herpesvirus lesions. Current common approaches are limited to expensive or multidose oral pills. This systematic review of evidence-based approaches to phototherapy for the various manifestations of the herpesvirus discusses original publications of controlled clinical trials and case reports that were identified through searches in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Ovid. Interventions included photodynamic therapy (PDT), UV light, an ... | 2011 | 22017068 |
| a comparative evaluation of the protective efficacy of rmd5deltameq and cvi988/ rispens against a vv+ strain of marek's disease virus infection in a series of recombinant congenic strains of white leghorn chickens. | marek's disease (md) is a lymphoproliferative disease of domestic chickens caused by a highly infectious, oncogenic alpha-herpesvirus known as marek's disease virus (mdv). md is presently controlled by vaccination. current md vaccines include attenuated serotype 1 strains (e.g., cvi988/rispens), avirulent serotype 2 (sb-1), and serotype 3 (hvt) mdv strains. in addition, recombinant mdv strains have been developed as potential new and more efficient vaccines to sustain the success of md control i ... | 2011 | 22017035 |
| gene expression profiling in rmd5- and rmd5deltameq-infected chickens. | marek's disease (md) is a lymphoproliferative disorder of domestic chickens caused by a highly contagious and oncogenic alpha-herpesvirus, marek's disease virus (mdv). md is characterized by bursal-thymic atrophy and rapid onset of t-cell lymphomas that infiltrate lymphoid tissues, visceral organs, and peripheral nerves with severe clinical signs that include transient paralysis, anemia, weight loss, and neurologic disorders. using overlapping cosmids- and bac-cloned mdv, it has been shown that ... | 2011 | 22017031 |
| activating transcription factor 4 (atf4) is upregulated by human herpesvirus 8 infection, increases virus replication and promotes proangiogenic properties. | human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) triggers proangiogenic behaviour in endothelial cells by inducing monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (mcp-1) through activation of nuclear factor κb (nf-κb). however, nf-κb inhibition still results in partial mcp-1 induction and consequent angiogenesis, suggesting the involvement of another transcriptional pathway. we analysed activating transcription factor 4 (atf4), since it is central in the cellular response to stress and is involved in angiogenesis. the results s ... | 2011 | 22016052 |
| herpesvirus saimiri encodes a new cytokine, il-17, which binds to a novel cytokine receptor. | herpesvirus saimiri gene 13 (hvs13) exhibits 57% identity with the predicted sequence of a t cell-derived molecule termed ctla8. recombinant hvs13 and ctla8 stimulate transcriptional factor nf-kappab activity and interleukin-6 (il-6) secretion in fibroblasts, and costimulate t cell proliferation. an hvs13.fc fusion protein was used to isolate a cdna encoding a novel receptor that also binds ctla8. this receptor is unrelated to previously identified cytokine receptor families. a recombinant solub ... | 2011 | 22013205 |
| reconstitution of the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus nuclear egress complex and formation of nuclear membrane vesicles by coexpression of orf67 and orf69 gene products. | the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus nuclear egress complex is composed of two proteins, orf67 and orf69. in this study, we have recapitulated the kshv complex by coexpression of these two proteins in insect cells using expression from recombinant baculoviruses. the proteins form a complex at the nuclear membrane as judged by live-cell analysis of protein fusions tagged with green fluorescent protein (gfp) and mcherry. ultrastructural analysis of infected cells showed that orf67 expressio ... | 2012 | 22013050 |
| kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded microrna mir-k12-11 attenuates transforming growth factor beta signaling through suppression of smad5. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) encodes 12 pre-micrornas (pre-mirnas). current studies have shown that these mirnas are involved in regulation of viral and host gene expression, implicating a role in the maintenance of viral latency and suppression of antiviral innate immunity. however, the functions of these mirnas remain largely unknown. on the basis of the sequence homology between oncogenic mir-155 and kshv-encoded mir-k12-11, we hypothesized that mir-k12-11 could attenuate tr ... | 2011 | 22013049 |
| Activation of STAT6 transcription factor in Jurkat T cells by the Herpesvirus saimiri Tip protein. | Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS), a T-lymphotropic monkey Herpesvirus, induces fulminant T cell lymphoma in non-natural primate hosts. In addition, it can immortalize human T cells in vitro. HVS Tyrosine kinase-interacting protein (Tip) is an essential viral gene required for the T cell transformation both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we found that Tip interacted with STAT6 transcription factor and induced phosphorylation of STAT6 in T cells. The Interaction with STAT6 requires Tip's Tyr127 res ... | 2011 | 22012462 |
| Glycoprotein M is Important for the Efficient Incorporation of Glycoprotein H/L into HSV-1 particles. | Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein M (gM) is a type III membrane protein conserved throughout the Herpesviridae. However, despite this conservation, gM is classed as a non-essential protein in most alphaherpesviruses. Previous data have suggested that gM is involved in secondary envelopment although how gM functions in this processes is unknown. Using transfection-based assays, we have previously shown that gM is able to mediate the internalisation and subcellular targeting of othe ... | 2011 | 22012461 |
| dissecting host-virus interaction in lytic replication of a model herpesvirus. | in response to viral infection, a host develops various defensive responses, such as activating innate immune signaling pathways that lead to antiviral cytokine production. in order to colonize the host, viruses are obligate to evade host antiviral responses and manipulate signaling pathways. unraveling the host-virus interaction will shed light on the development of novel therapeutic strategies against viral infection. murine γhv68 is closely related to human oncogenic kaposi's sarcoma-associat ... | 2011 | 22006158 |
| Social support and socioeconomic status interact to predict Epstein-Barr virus latency in women awaiting diagnosis or newly diagnosed with breast cancer. | Objective: Both higher socioeconomic status (SES) and supportive personal relationships confer health benefits, including better immune function. This study assessed the joint impact of SES and social support on the expression of a latent herpesvirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), in a group of highly stressed women. Methods: Two-hundred and twenty four women either awaiting further evaluation following an abnormal mammogram or newly diagnosed with breast cancer completed questionnaires and provided ... | 2011 | 22004465 |
| viruses - from pathogens to vaccine carriers. | vaccination is mankind's greatest public health success story. by now vaccines to many of the viruses that once caused fatal childhood diseases are routinely used throughout the world. traditional methods of vaccine development through inactivation or attenuation of viruses have failed for some of the most deadly human pathogens, necessitating new approaches. genetic modification of viruses not only allows for their attenuation but also for incorporation of sequences from other viruses, turning ... | 2011 | 22003377 |
| quillaja brasiliensis saponins are less toxic than quil a and have similar properties when used as an adjuvant for a viral antigen preparation. | in this study, a preparation of saponins (qb-90u) extracted from leaves of quillaja brasiliensis collected in uruguay was evaluated as a vaccine adjuvant by comparison with alum and the well known saponin-based adjuvant, quil a. the haemolytic activity and cellular toxicity of the saponin preparations were also evaluated. qb-90u was only slightly haemolytic and showed a low cytotoxicity when compared to quil a. the adjuvant properties of qb-90u were assayed by sub-cutaneous immunization of mice ... | 2011 | 22001878 |
| rare, unusual, and less common virus infections after organ transplantation. | the present article reviews the epidemiology, clinical presentation, prevention, and management of rare, unusual, and less common viruses that infect transplant recipients. | 2011 | 22001713 |
| Viral vectors for gene delivery to the central nervous system. | The potential benefits of gene therapy for neurological diseases such as Parkinson's, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Epilepsy, and Alzheimer's are enormous. Even a delay in the onset of severe symptoms would be invaluable to patients suffering from these and other diseases. Significant effort has been placed in developing vectors capable of delivering therapeutic genes to the CNS in order to treat neurological disorders. At the forefront of potential vectors, viral systems have evolved to ... | 2011 | 22001604 |
| [Advances in UL7 gene of herpesvirus]. | 2011 | 21998964 | |
| sustained cd8+ t cell memory inflation after infection with a single-cycle cytomegalovirus. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) is a β-herpesvirus that establishes a lifelong latent or persistent infection. a hallmark of chronic cmv infection is the lifelong persistence of large numbers of virus-specific cd8+ effector/effector memory t cells, a phenomenon called "memory inflation". how the virus continuously stimulates these t cells without being eradicated remains an enigma. the prevailing view is that cmv establishes a low grade "smoldering" infection characterized by tiny bursts of productive inf ... | 2011 | 21998590 |
| can plasma hhv8 viral load be used to differentiate multicentric castleman disease from kaposi sarcoma? | we measured plasma human herpesvirus 8 (hhv8) dna load in consecutive patients presenting with hiv-associated multicentric castleman disease (mcd) and in contemporaneous patients who had kaposi sarcoma (ks), lymphoma or other diagnoses. all 11 patients with mcd had detectable plasma hhv8 dna compared with 18 (72%) of 25 patients with ks, none with lymphoma and one of 38 patients with other diagnoses. detectable plasma hhv8 dna levels were higher among mcd patients, median (interquartile range [i ... | 2011 | 21998180 |
| castleman disease: the great mimic. | castleman disease is a nonclonal lymphoproliferative disorder and one of the more common causes of nonneoplastic lymphadenopathy. because of its diverse manifestations and ability to affect any body region, castleman disease is a great mimic of both benign and malignant abnormalities in the neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis. castleman disease most commonly manifests as unicentric disease (unicentric castleman disease) with a hyperenhancing lymph nodal mass and should be considered in the differen ... | 2011 | 21997995 |
| seroprevalence of bv (macacine herpesvirus 1) in bred cynomolgus monkeys in cambodia. | the seroprevalence of b virus (bv, macacine herpesvirus 1) in bred cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) in cambodia was investigated. blood samples were collected by venous puncture between 2007 and 2011, and a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) kit was used to detect igg antibodies against bv. a total of 1710 blood samples were examined, and the overall prevalence of bv antibodies was 33.92% (580/1,710). the young adult (2-6 years) monkeys had a seroprevalence ... | 2011 | 21997241 |
| genetic factors influence serological measures of common infections. | antibodies against infectious pathogens provide information on past or present exposure to infectious agents. while host genetic factors are known to affect the immune response, the influence of genetic factors on antibody levels to common infectious agents is largely unknown. here we test whether antibody levels for 13 common infections are significantly heritable. | 2011 | 21996708 |
| Equid herpesvirus 5-associated dermatitis in a horse-Resembling herpes-associated erythema multiforme. | An equid herpesvirus 5 (EHV-5) infection was detected in lesioned skin from a nine-year-old Holsteiner stallion in the south of Germany. Macroscopically, the animal displayed a non-pruritic, multifocal, pustular dermatitis around both eyes, nostrils and the muzzle, which had been ongoing for one year. Histopathologically, skin lesions were characterized by orthokeratotic to parakeratotic hyperkeratosis, pustular dermatitis, epidermal hyperplasia, apoptotic keratinocytes, a lympho-plasmahistiocyt ... | 2011 | 21996546 |
| phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4b (eif4b) by open reading frame 45/p90 ribosomal s6 kinase (orf45/rsk) signaling axis facilitates protein translation during kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) lytic replication. | open reading frame 45 (orf45) of kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) causes sustained activation of p90 ribosomal s6 kinase (rsk), which is crucial for kshv lytic replication, but the exact functional roles remain to be determined. to characterize the biological consequence of persistent rsk activation by orf45, we screened known cellular substrates of rsk. we found that orf45 induced phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4b (eif4b), increased its assembly into tra ... | 2011 | 21994950 |
| Extracellular Hsp90 serves as a co-factor for NF-?B activation and cellular pathogenesis induced by an oncogenic herpesvirus. | The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-the most common tumor associated with HIV infection and an important cause of morbidity and mortality in this patient population. The majority of patients with KS exhibit little or no clinical response to existing therapies. The nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-?B) family of transcription factors plays a critical role in facilitating cancer pathogenesis associated with oncogenic viruses, and a better unde ... | 2011 | 21994906 |
| actin in herpesvirus infection. | actin is important for a variety of cellular processes, including uptake of extracellular material and intracellular transport. several emerging lines of evidence indicate that herpesviruses exploit actin and actin-associated myosin motors for viral entry, intranuclear transport of capsids, and virion egress. the goal of this review is to explore these processes and to highlight potential future directions for this area of research. | 2011 | 21994736 |
| Actin' up: herpesvirus interactions with Rho GTPase signaling. | Herpesviruses constitute a very large and diverse family of DNA viruses, which can generally be subdivided in alpha-, beta- and gammaherpesvirus subfamilies. Increasing evidence indicates that many herpesviruses interact with cytoskeleton-regulating Rho GTPase signaling pathways during different phases of their replication cycle. Because of the large differences between herpesvirus subfamilies, the molecular mechanisms and specific consequences of individual herpesvirus interactions with Rho GTP ... | 2011 | 21994732 |
| herpesviruses and autophagy: catch me if you can! | autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular degradation pathway involving the digestion of intracellular components via the lysosomal pathway. the autophagic pathway constitutively maintains cellular homeostasis by recycling cytoplasmic organelles and proteins, but it is also stimulated by environmental stress conditions, such as starvation, oxidative stress, and the accumulation of misfolded proteins. it also acts as a cellular defense mechanism against microorganisms by contributing to b ... | 2010 | 21994613 |
| interplay between herpesvirus infection and host defense by pml nuclear bodies. | in recent studies we and others have identified the cellular proteins pml, hdaxx, and sp100, which form a subnuclear structure known as nuclear domain 10 (nd10) or pml nuclear bodies (pml-nbs), as host restriction factors that counteract herpesviral infections by inhibiting viral replication at different stages. the antiviral function of nd10, however, is antagonized by viral regulatory proteins (e.g., icp0 of herpes simplex virus; ie1 of human cytomegalovirus) which induce either a modification ... | 2009 | 21994592 |
| dominant-negative proteins in herpesviruses - from assigning gene function to intracellular immunization. | investigating and assigning gene functions of herpesviruses is a process, which profits from consistent technical innovation. cloning of bacterial artificial chromosomes encoding herpesvirus genomes permits nearly unlimited possibilities in the construction of genetically modified viruses. targeted or randomized screening approaches allow rapid identification of essential viral proteins. nevertheless, mapping of essential genes reveals only limited insight into function. the usage of dominant-ne ... | 2009 | 21994555 |
| plasmacytoid dendritic cells and the control of herpesvirus infections. | type-i interferons (ifn-i) are cytokines essential for vertebrate antiviral defense, including against herpesviruses. ifn-i have potent direct antiviral activities and also mediate a multiplicity of immunoregulatory functions, which can either promote or dampen antiviral adaptive immune responses. plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pdcs) are the professional producers of ifn-i in response to many viruses, including all of the herpesviruses tested. there is strong evidence that pdcs could play a major ... | 2009 | 21994554 |
| regulation of innate immune responses by bovine herpesvirus 1 and infected cell protein 0 (bicp0). | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) infected cell protein 0 (bicp0) is an important transcriptional regulatory protein that stimulates productive infection. in transient transfection assays, bicp0 also inhibits interferon dependent transcription. bicp0 can induce degradation of interferon stimulatory factor 3 (irf3), a cellular transcription factor that is crucial for activating beta interferon (ifn-ß) promoter activity. recent studies also concluded that interactions between bicp0 and irf7 inhibit tr ... | 2009 | 21994549 |
| a virus-like particle-based epstein-barr virus vaccine. | epstein-barr virus (ebv) is an ubiquitous human herpesvirus which can lead to infectious mononucleosis and different cancers. in immunocompromised individuals, this virus is a major cause for morbidity and mortality. transplant patients who did not encounter ebv prior to immunosuppression frequently develop ebv-associated malignancies, but a prophylactic ebv vaccination might reduce this risk considerably. virus-like particles (vlps) mimic the structure of the parental virus but lack the viral g ... | 2011 | 21994444 |
| comparison of humoral immune responses to epstein-barr virus and kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus using a viral proteome microarray. | epstein-barr virus (ebv) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus, and kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) has a restricted seroprevalence. both viruses are associated with malignancies that have an increased frequency in individuals who are coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). | 2011 | 21990424 |
| fatigue and herpesvirus latency in women newly diagnosed with breast cancer. | fatigue is a notable clinical problem in cancer survivors, and understanding its pathophysiology is important. the current study sought to determine biomarkers of fatigue that exist before cancer treatment. relationships between the expression of latent epstein-barr virus (ebv) and cytomegalovirus (cmv) and fatigue were examined in 158 women newly diagnosed with breast cancer or awaiting a positive diagnostic result. higher cmv antibody titers, but not ebv antibody titers, were associated with a ... | 2011 | 21988771 |
| a case of drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome due to carbamazepine. | the patient was a 51-year-old man who had been prescribed carbamazepine for right third-branch trigeminal neuralgia. he had stopped taking the medication after the neuralgia resolved. when the neuralgia recurred, he resumed medication, and about 1 month later he developed fever, fatigue, cervical lymphadenopathy, generalized skin flushing, facial edema and perioral vesicles, and was admitted to ichikawa general hospital, tokyo dental college. oral findings showed reddening and erosion of the buc ... | 2011 | 21986395 |
| Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesviral IL-6 and human IL-6 open reading frames contain miRNA binding sites and are subject to cellular miRNA regulation. | Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) encodes a viral interleukin 6 (vIL-6) that mimics many activities of human IL-6 (hIL-6). Both vIL-6 and hIL-6 play important roles in stimulating the proliferation of tumours caused by KSHV. Here, we provide evidence that a miRNA pathway is involved in regulation of vIL-6 and hIL-6 expression through binding sites in their open reading frames (ORFs). We show a direct repression of vIL-6 by hsa-miR-1293 and hIL-6 by hsa-miR-608. The repression of vIL ... | 2011 | 21984125 |
| reservoirs of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) dna in sediments of natural lakes and ponds. | cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) is a lethal dna virus that infects common carp and koi. it has caused outbreak of the disease within both aquaculture and natural environmental ecosystems. however, there is not enough understanding of the distribution of cyhv-3 in the natural environments, partly because there is no suitable quantification method. in this study, we tested cyhv-3 extraction methods from sediment and then compared its abundance between sediment and water using real-time pcr. sedime ... | 2011 | 21983526 |
| the antiviral activity of six south african plants traditionally used against infections in ethnoveterinary medicine. | viral infections remain a major threat to humans and animals and there is a crucial need for new antiviral agents especially with the development of resistant viruses. the hexane, dichloromethane, acetone and methanol extracts of six plant species selected for their traditional use against infections were tested for in vitro antiviral activity against canine distemper virus (cdv), canine parainfluenza virus-2 (cpiv-2), feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1) and lumpy skin disease virus (lsdv). all extract ... | 2011 | 21982126 |
| antiviral properties of polysaccharides from agaricus brasiliensis in the replication of bovine herpesvirus 1. | natural products are an inexhaustible source of compounds with promising pharmacological activities, including antiviral action. in the present study, the antiviral potential of polysaccharide-peptide (pls) and an extracted β-glucan from agaricus brasiliensis were investigated in the replication of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) in hep-2 cell cultures. the cytotoxicity (cc50) was assayed by the mtt method and the antiviral activity (ic50) was estimated by the plaque reduction assay. to study the ... | 2011 | 21978159 |
| The Cytomegaloviral Protein pUL138 Acts as Potentiator of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Receptor 1 Surface Density To Enhance ULb'-Encoded Modulation of TNF-a Signaling. | Human cytomegalovirus is a ubiquitous herpesvirus that establishes lifelong latent infection. Changes in immune homeostasis induce the reactivation of lytic infection, which is mostly inapparent in healthy individuals but often causes overt disease in immunocompromised hosts. Based on discrepant tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 surface disposition between human cytomegalovirus AD169 variants differing in the ULb' region, we identified the latency-associated gene product pUL138, which also is exp ... | 2011 | 21976655 |
| microvesicles and viral infection. | cells secrete various membrane-enclosed microvesicles from their cell surface (shedding microvesicles) and from internal, endosome-derived membranes (exosomes). intriguingly, these vesicles have many characteristics in common with enveloped viruses, including biophysical properties, biogenesis, and uptake by cells. recent discoveries describing the microvesicle-mediated intercellular transfer of functional cellular proteins, rnas, and mrnas have revealed additional similarities between viruses a ... | 2011 | 21976651 |
| alterations in t cell subsets in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults with co-infections in southern mozambique. | t cell activation and depletion of naive t cells are hallmarks of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) pathogenesis. this study explored the relationships between certain co-infections (including syphilis, hepatitis b and c, human t cell lymphotrophic viruses i and ii [htlv-i/ii], kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus [kshv], plasmodium falciparum malaria, and tuberculosis), and levels of activated cd8 and cd4 t cell subsets as well as naive and memory cd4 t cells in hiv-infected adults in a rural ... | 2011 | 21976586 |
| identification and localization of the structural proteins of anguillid herpesvirus 1. | abstract: many of the known fish herpesviruses have important aquaculture species as their natural host, and may cause serious disease and mortality. anguillid herpesvirus 1 (anghv-1) causes a hemorrhagic disease in european eel, anguilla anguilla. despite their importance, fundamental molecular knowledge on fish herpesviruses is still limited. in this study we describe the identification and localization of the structural proteins of anghv-1. purified virions were fractionated into a capsid-teg ... | 2011 | 21975111 |
| outbreak of equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy in france: a clinical and molecular investigation. | equid herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1)-associated myeloencephalopathy (ehm) is a disease affecting the central nervous system of horses. despite the constantly increasing interest about this syndrome, epidemiological data are limited especially when related to the description of large outbreaks. the aim of this article is to describe clinical, virological and molecular data obtained throughout a severe outbreak of ehm, with emphasis on laboratory diagnostic methods. the epidemic disease concerned a riding ... | 2011 | 21975071 |
| primary and reactivated hhv8 infection and disease after liver transplantation: a prospective study. | human herpesvirus 8 (hhv8) is pathogenic in humans, especially in cases of immunosuppression. we evaluated the risk of hhv8 transmission from liver donors, and its clinical impact in southern italy, where its seroprevalence in the general population is reported to be as high as 18.3%. we tested 179 liver transplant recipients and their donors for hhv8 antibodies at the time of transplantation, and implemented in all recipients a 12-month posttransplant surveillance program for hhv8 infection. of ... | 2011 | 21966899 |
| Inhibition of the inflammasome response by a viral protein that interacts with NLRs. | Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) constitute the first line of host defense against bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens. Upon sensing microbial infection, PRRs initiate a cascade of signal transduction and transcriptional events to induce the production of inflammatory cytokines. As a result, many pathogens have evolved to evade PRR detection and activation in order to establish a successful infection. In a recent report, we described how a viral protein named Orf63 encoded by Kaposi's sarc ... | 2011 | 21966559 |
| evidence for viral etiology of multiple sclerosis. | the etiology of multiple sclerosis (ms) is unknown, and several hypotheses have been advanced over the past century to explain it. despite much effort, no single cause has been established. one of the most appealing hypotheses is that of infection due to a neurotropic infectious agent, possibly a virus. there are several lines of data to support this hypothesis. first, there are clear examples of inflammatory demyelinating disease caused directly or indirectly by viral infections in both humans ... | 2011 | 21964847 |
| Molecular epidemiology of human herpesvirus 8 variants in Kaposi's sarcoma from Iranian patients. | Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a rare cancer in Iran and there is no epidemiological and molecular information about HHV-8 variants circulating among the Iranian population. In this study HHV-8 sequences have been analyzed in 43 cutaneous KS biopsies from Iranian patients mainly affected by classic KS. DNA samples were subjected to PCR amplification of HHV-8 ORF26, T0.7 and K1 followed by direct nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The analysis of ORF26 showed that 30 (69.8%) and 13 (30.2% ... | 2011 | 21963664 |
| Kaposi's sarcoma: imaging overview. | Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), a low-grade malignancy that is associated with human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8), is a multifocal tumor that most commonly affects mucocutaneous sites. It might also involve lymph nodes and visceral organs, in particular of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, but it can affect every organ system. Four forms of the disease have been recognized: the classic, the endemic, the transplant-associated, and the epidemic form. The endemic form, or African KS, currently accounts f ... | 2011 | 21963166 |
| herpesvirus active replication in multiple sclerosis a genetic control? | although the etiology of multiple sclerosis (ms) is unknown, it is generally believed that genetic, immunologic, and environmental factors are involved. the objectives of this study were: 1. to analyze if a genetic control could explain why hhv-6 would be able to actively replicate in a subset of ms patients but not in controls; 2. to study if ms patients with hhv-6 active replication are clinically different from those without hhv-6 active replication. a total of 195 ms patients and 195 control ... | 2011 | 21962857 |
| parasite infection is associated with kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (kshv) in ugandan women. | abstract: | 2011 | 21962023 |
| In vitro characterization of EHV-4 gG-deleted mutant. | Equine herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4) is an important pathogen that causes respiratory tract disease in horse populations worldwide. Glycoprotein G (gG) homologs have been identified in several alphaherpesviruses as minor non-essential membrane-anchored glycoproteins. In this study, EHV-4 gG deletion mutant has been generated by using bacterial artificial chromosome technology to investigate the role of gG in viral pathogenesis. Our findings reported here revealed no significant difference between parent ... | 2011 | 21960433 |
| attenuation of bovine herpesvirus type 1 by deletion of its glycoprotein g and tk genes and protection against virulent viral challenge. | to develop a novel vaccine against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr), a bovine herpesvirus-1 (bohv-1) mutant was constructed by deleting the genes for glycoprotein g (gg) and thymidine kinase (tk) through homologous recombination. the resulting sequences for both genes were shown to be correct and a gg expression defect was also confirmed. a parallel study of the bohv-1 gg(-)/tk(-), ge(-)/tk(-) mutants and wild type (wt) in 31 calves was performed at three different doses, 4×10(5)pfu, 4×10 ... | 2011 | 21959327 |
| molecular basis for herpesvirus entry mediator recognition by the human immune inhibitory receptor cd160 and its relationship to the cosignaling molecules btla and light. | cd160 was recently identified as a t cell coinhibitory molecule that interacts with the herpesvirus entry mediator (hvem) on antigen-presenting cells to deliver a potent inhibitory signal to cd4(+) t cells. hvem also binds to the coinhibitory receptor btla (b- and t-lymphocyte attenuator) and the costimulatory receptor light (which is homologous to lymphotoxins, exhibits inducible expression, and competes with the herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d for hvem, a receptor expressed by t lymphocyte ... | 2011 | 21959263 |
| design of therapeutic vaccines: hepatitis b as an example. | therapeutic vaccines are currently developed for chronic viral infections, such as human papillomavirus (hpv), human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), herpesvirus and hepatitis b (hbv) and c (hcv) virus infections. as an alternative to antiviral treatment or to support only partially effective therapy a therapeutic vaccine shall activate the patient's immune system to fight and finally control or ideally even eliminate the virus. whereas the success of prophylactic vaccination is based on rapid neut ... | 2011 | 21958338 |
| A multifunctional protein encoded by turkey herpesvirus suppresses RNA silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana. | Many plant and animal viruses counteract RNA silencing-mediated defense by encoding diverse RNA silencing suppressors. We characterized HVT063, a multifunctional protein encoded by turkey herpesvirus (HVT), as a silencing suppressor in coinfiltration assays with green fluorescent protein transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana line 16c. Our results indicated that HVT063 could strongly suppress both local and systemic RNA silencing induced by either sense RNA or double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). HVT063 could ... | 2011 | 21957299 |
| kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus noncoding polyadenylated nuclear rna interacts with virus- and host cell-encoded proteins and suppresses expression of genes involved in immune modulation. | during lytic infection, kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) expresses a polyadenylated nuclear rna (pan rna). this noncoding rna (ncrna) is localized to the nucleus and is the most abundant viral rna during lytic infection; however, to date, the role of pan rna in the virus life cycle is unknown. many examples exist where ncrnas have a defined key regulatory function controlling gene expression by various mechanisms. our goal for this study was to identify putative binding partners fo ... | 2011 | 21957289 |
| Analysis of a neutralizing antibody for human herpesvirus 6B reveals a role for glycoprotein Q1 in viral entry. | Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a T cell-tropic betaherpesvirus. HHV-6 can be classified into two variants, HHV-6A and HHV-6B, based on differences in their genetic, antigenic, and growth characteristics and cell tropisms. The function of HHV-6B should be analyzed more in its life cycle, as more than 90% of people have the antibodies for HHV-6B but not HHV-6A. It has been shown that the cellular receptor for HHV-6A is human CD46 and that the viral ligand for CD46 is the envelope glycoprotein comp ... | 2011 | 21957287 |
| novel virus-encoded microrna molecules expressed by ovine herpesvirus 2-immortalized bovine t-cells. | a number of herpesviruses have now been shown to encode micrornas (mirnas) that have roles in control of both viral and cellular gene expression. ovine herpesvirus 2 (ovhv-2) is the causative agent of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever, a fatal lymphoproliferative disease of cattle. using massively parallel sequencing and northern hybridization we have identified eight putative mirnas encoded by ovhv-2 expressed in an ovhv-2-immortalized bovine lymphocyte cell line. these eight mirnas ar ... | 2012 | 21957125 |
| Rhombencephalitis / brainstem encephalitis. | Rhombencephalitis (RE) is a syndrome of multiple causes and multiple outcomes. Most authors now use the terms "rhombencephalitis" and "brainstem encephalitis" interchangeably even though anatomically they are slightly different. The etiologic categories of RE include infections, autoimmune diseases, and paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS). Listeria is the most common cause of infectious RE. Listeria RE primary occurs in healthy young adults. It usually occurs as a biphasic time course with a flu-like ... | 2011 | 21956758 |
| Lessons learned from integrated surveillance of measles and rubella in the Caribbean. | The Caribbean subregion was one of the first areas to successfully integrate measles and rubella surveillance, and it can serve as an example to other subregions on how to achieve similar success. The integrated surveillance system, established through strong political commitment by Caribbean countries, is coordinated by the Caribbean Epidemiology Centre (CAREC). The system, which became operational in January 2000, is designed to detect and investigate patients with fever and rash illness, and ... | 2011 | 21954257 |
| Single amino acid residue in the A2 domain of major histocompatibility complex class I is involved in the efficiency of equine herpesvirus-1 entry. | Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1), an a-herpesvirus of the family Herpesviridae, causes respiratory disease, abortion, and encephalomyelitis in horses. EHV-1 utilizes equine MHC class I molecules as entry receptors. However, hamster MHC class I molecules on EHV-1-susceptible CHO-K1 cells play no role in EHV-1 entry. To identify the MHC class I molecule region that is responsible for EHV-1 entry, domain exchange and site-directed mutagenesis experiments were performed, in which parts of the extracellu ... | 2011 | 21949188 |
| use of real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect bovine herpesvirus 1 in frozen cattle and buffalo semen in india. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) infection in cattle and buffalo makes these animals life-long carriers of the virus which is intermittently excreted in semen. in the present study, a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was validated to screen frozen semen from cattle and buffalo for bohv-1 by amplification of the gb gene of the virus. analysing the intra- and inter-test variability, the assay was found to be highly reproducible. high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (90.04%) of this real-t ... | 2011 | 21947969 |
| simultaneous detection of antibodies to five simian viruses in nonhuman primates using recombinant viral protein based multiplex microbead immunoassays. | routine screening for infectious agents is critical in establishing and maintaining specific pathogen free (spf) nonhuman primate (nhp) colonies. more efficient, higher throughput, less costly reagent, and reduced sample consumption multiplex microbead immunoassays (mmias) using purified viral lysates have been developed previously to address some disadvantages of the traditional individual enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) methods. to overcome some of the technical and biosafety difficu ... | 2011 | 21945221 |
| Breach of the nuclear lamina during assembly of herpes simplex viruses. | Beneath the inner nuclear membrane lies the dense meshwork of the nuclear lamina, which provides structural support for the nuclear envelope and serves as an important organizing center for a number of nuclear and cytoplasmic constituents and processes. Herpesviruses have a significant and wide-ranging impact on human health, and their capacity to replicate and cause disease includes events that occur in the host cell nucleus. Herpesviruses begin assembly of progeny virus in the nuclei of infect ... | 2011 | 21941110 |